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TRUTH'S

AND

raOMTBIiY

Anti-J^ek^eii Expositor <

BY AN ASSOCIATIOX OF INDIVrDUAI.8.

€

\

CINCINNATI:
LODGE, VHOMMEDIEU, AND UAMMQNO^ PRINTERS.

1828.

Ebsc

I.

V V'

V

INDEX.

A

Addieii, - " • *^-' " ■ " "^

AdmiiusU'nUoQCoavcutioii, i^ B%t^- • " - 31

Another Pas<i<i'it, - • " ' " ' ^*^

Adams, J. Q. Vindication of, . . - - 321

n

Bargain the, - - - - - " 98,181/^/^

Burr, Jackson, and - - 203, 219, 311, 343, 347, 35C

C

Convention Virginia, ----- 36

Company the - - - - - - 63

Correction, - - ' - = - 120

Chieftain Militar» - \ - - - 143

Charges and Proof, - - - 2^ " 146

Committee of Ways and Mean? report of, - " - - 177

Characters and Conduct, - ! - - i»* ^P

Confessions Precious, , . . - . 237

Campbell G. W. Letter to, - - - - 392

D

Decisive,Sign, - - - - - - !»*•

Daniel Congressman, - - , - - Se?

Electoral Ticket, Ind. - - - - - 00

Extermination, - - - - -' ■ 110

Extracts of Letters, - - - - - 119

F

Fraud Exposed, - - - - - - 114

Farmer of Tennessee, - - - - - 1 6#

Fire and Faggot, . - - . . 3G0

Fromentinjudge, . . - - . 363

Groanings of one A. J. , . . . j i<P"

H

Hereof Two War^, - 111, 142, 182, 238, 266, 308, 353, 389

Harris John, - . - . . 195

Gen. Jackson, - - - ■ - - 80

Domestic Relations of, - - - - 4, 117

American System and, - - - - - 20 ./<^/:

Letters to, - - - - - 25, 64, 153, 261 '

Jefferson and^ - - - - - - 34

and New* Orleans, - - - - . 35

Threats of, - - - - - . 2(9, 306

Lil'c of. Jactason, - - - 41

MilitarrPr tensions of, • . • • • 81

Civil Qunlitication'-. - ... - |Qj

Violein .,■ of; - - . ' f ' m ^^^

Land "spoculafions, .... /" 'i2,« ^3I| ^4'

Literature and Principles of, - ^-^V -^ ,iJl

True Character of. - - - - -210, 289

Livingston and, - - - - - op^

Dickinson and. - - - . . 233. 34^

Veracity «f, - - - ■ - - 27i

Swnrtwoiit and, ----- og;

Gov. Shelby and, - - - - . or)

Wadi«oii and, - - . - . 321

f>:onomy of, - - - - fUS

A Negro Tr.-tder, - - - . 3:^,

Bttrrismot - - -•-...-. . 3,13^ jr,,

[:i Florida, - - . 3p,

Commiiiissioner. - --•-.<►

l.ei;i?lator. ------ 3^*,

• Spanish Officers, ---.---

Jnckson Samuel attack on, - - . .07

K

Kendall and Penn,
liCgit-lativt; in.-truction,

L

.New Lie.
i\('\v-.?fi-sey,
Ne«-Orl«vin~ Pageant at.

t>pp^ili<...

o
p

KcmlnUcenccs,
Kcflertions Giirrral,
Ki'igi! of Tetroi,
KetrcnchnKiit UepoH.

Satan Quotii , 1

Sloane's Rcmcvv.

K

S
T

li

Literature and Priociplcs, > - 2(^, .

MiKi Worship. - - - . - 4j,

Military Preti'ii?ioiK», - - . . .

Xiilliia .Men Siv, - - - . ,

McGraw, Thomas - . - . ,

12:

'2C<

P.irlic*.

Pftjiliral Statistic?.

Poopic of the United State?, to . - 39

Preeidoncy in IS'ii!. - . . .

Question the,

.I'.i

TnrilVllie. - . . .

J.a. ■■'?'

Wood's John. - pn 111 ,-. o^

■Uhi.fUn-bing Committee,- - ' - "•'"''^2!

TUrTH'S ADVOCATE

AND

MONTHLY ANTI- JACKSON EXPOSITOR.

CINCINNATI, OHIO, JANUARY, 1828.

''.■ }

i

ADDRESS.

It is usual, when u new work is an-
nouiicf'l, to make known the reason?
which i.iduce the publication, a;;d llie
pri^ri|>lcs upon wiiich it is to be coii-
ducled. ^Vith this usage, the Editors
of tiic proposed work deem it their
duty to comply.

It is now well understood, that be-
fore the present Administration of the
National (iovemr.ient was arranged,
when oidy the chief executive officer
was chosen, and when no course of
.^ measures could possibly have been in-
dicated, the elements of a malignant
opposition were put in a train of com-
bination. The nucleus was supplied ;

and unsupported by any color of e\i-
Jence.

In the progress of this combination,
iis aggregalioiis have been of a most
-ingular chtiractei'. Elements not mere-
ly without :iny quality of adhesion, but
even s(roiif,ly rc{)ulsivc, have become
united, apparenily in the closest amity.
— It is well known, that to the early
machinations of the arch-intriguer, C;;!-
houn, and to tlic subsequent unlicensed
and profligate assaults of the satellites
of Gen. Jackson, the high-mi:. ded and
estimable Crawford was libelled into
discredit with his countrymen. His, is
a striking exam])Ie. of wliat may be ■ f-

fected by the (lan.;g of unmea-urcd
by one of the defeated rival candidates. ' detraction. And, strange fatuitj! this
In the celebrated Sw;.rtwout letter was > man, once regarded as the very -ou! of
commenced that system of unjust ac-! honor, is iiow ibund in association witli
cusation, dark insinuation, and low in-: his ioul defamers, his unprincipled dc-
vective, which has been pursued and jstroyers. There is a mos^slruositv in
amplitied with an unrelenting intensity connexions so unnatural, well ci'.icula-
to the present time. We /io?c know, ^ ted to terrily aid coniound the minds
thiiX the original motto of this combi- of upright men. It indicates an alanrs-
nation was, '• JVe ictll put doztJii the Ad- , ing de^tilulion of the moral sense, most
iniiijftration, though pure as the angrl.< ; fatally confirmed by the conduct of the
/hnl mhiistcr in heaven."' Wc know, too, ! principal parties,
that its mode of warfare, and its insti-u- An individual of no common preten-
ments of attack have been, and con- [ sions, dccei\i(:g himself with the vain
tinue to be, in unde^nating accordance ' fancy that he neither seeks nor de-
with such a motto. jclines otlice, and attempting io [nss the

As this opposition was partly organ- ' same deceptior. upon others, so far for-
iz'^'d, and put in action before the Ad- 1 gets wliaf is due, even to appearance?,
ministration had commenced, it neces- , as to become an active agent in giving
sarily follows that their destruction was I ciiculation to a false cliarge of degrad-
resolved on, without regard to their j ing protligacv, against his Iale coni-
ncts. And as they had attempted no j petitor. Polliiciais, statesmen, jurists^
measures, there could be nothing to (men who occupy hish stations, who
condemn; consequently there could ex- possess various knowledge, reversing
ist no ground of accusation, but such all established rules for ascertaining
as falsehood and calumny miglit supply. ! truth, lend t'le weig'it of their names,
Tlius, we sec, that the combiivtiun or- land the intlnencc of" their talents, to
ganiz?d to prostrate the Administration, [make plausible that wliich they admit
is one of the most extraordinary experi- can be sustained !)y rto tangible pr(>of".
ments tliat ever was attempted. It is ' Tiiey prartirally adopt the dctest;;blr
neitlier more nor Ics'^, than an elTort of , doc'.riiies of ihe Inquisition, that acct;-
defeaied aspirants for office, (o pros- salion atiaches guilt, \vhich tlie accused

trate their more smcessful rivals by
pouring upon them torrents of obloquy
tnd reproaches, unfounded in truth.

must wipe away bv testimony. Char-
ges are made, whicli, without i!ie clear-
est proof, honorable aicn should be

ADDRLSN.

asliamcd to utter, and when promptly";' violeut fc'elinf;s and sudJen impulses:
contradict' il, liy the partic- iinplirntod. in?aiiablc of prai>e, iinplacalk- iti oi.-
aro ju^iitied on tlie monslrou? po^iiion. niiiy; di?ti:igui.-l'.cd Ibr i:o irilellectiial
tkit denial is «ol aciiuittal; but that c-xiellei cc, bui abou ding in the i^ame
t!ie accu-cd mu-t e«iaMi?!i his iano- irats tliat securc-s immunity to the
ccncc. In proof of this, il is only nc- tiger of the dt-scit, the bully of the
cossary to suggest the cahminy*pr6pa-'hiiCv;-tield,a id the tyrant of Uic tavirn.
gated by Gen. J.'M^kBon. upon the fabi-i- 1 For more than tifty >ears of riis lijc, as
catcd autiiority of Mr. BuchVmix, and a public man, he was known or,!v as an
the more recent O'tp, circulatfjBasiainst am'iitious preteiid-T, who attempted to
Mr. Adaii> uul V'v'cliitor bv IMr. Cole- ! di-chargciiie duties ofditferent otiices.

man a -d .Mr. Rilciiie, wiil.out evcn»a|3Mi
name to support it.

This moan and orlious vice ^lyiiitr.
adopted by tlie chiel^ains, as cfWe very
essence and vitality of tiie combination,
extends to all its active mi.'inber5. A
strikiiij; instance has recently occurred

ii cd them all, under an ac-
^d sense of his own ircomiu -
Tiie glare b£ a brief, succesi-
ful military career, nas converted this
mere common morttd, into ahA^o and a
salesman. U'j|p; otiif rs Ijave ac<iuircd
bv vears of clos* t'lought and deep re-

in oui- own state. An assembla<:e of tlectio'i, Ijv the toil and labor nf actual
men, who, as individuals, set some va- ! experience, is attained iiy liini, witluui
lue upon their characters, have not : cither. lie is set up like tlje i)raz"i'
been ashamed to make the following! image of Nebuchadnezair in ti e plaii -
declaration: lof Dura, to he woreliip])ed bv a whoh^

"i?«rj/,vrf,Tl.nt w..rri;anl Internal Iinrrove-P^""!'.'*^'^'''' '"» refusal to pay him liom-

inpiitiiind iXiciu -tic Miimficturcs iis iwip of iiic [ age is accounted a mo-t heinous crime.
prime int.T. ?ts of tin- Unioi.. !ir:l j.re snitificl " Jt has ever been thus. The extremes

that our laiorile aindi'lale, xuilike his unliltcal /• • i 11 • • ,

• - '^ '01 violence and obfe.|uiousn.ss run into

opponciil, is fiicndlj li Uinse grtal inlcfcsls.

With the notorious facrliefore t^.em,
that t!ic administration are ilic avow-

oach other. Tiie bigot is an idolater,
tlie idolater is a bigot and persecutor.
We wordcr tliat the Jews, who had

edad%ocatesot tl^e measures here ap- 1 witnessed the miracles of the liv.._
proved ; and the eciually notorious fact, | God. could be so be'otled as !o wor-'iip
that Gei>. Jackson is claimed both by j;, nioltcn calf, and we tlni;k this is a
tiie advocates ar.d oppos-.-rs of lhe>c ; crossness of ignorance, in'o which we
miasures, it is surely strange, that ' could not fall. Let us honestly ask
men should haziir.l declarations of this ourselves, in how. much we are wi^cr.
kind, and, at liie same tim^ expect to 'or better, if we loin to prostrate lonu
escape the ip)utation of conlenvdng! tried, fai'.Lful, upright public men, by
''""'I'! t > ! *'«•* l»->'tnm r>i!nuii of bold frd.-ehood and

With this untoward sy-.!cni of defa- 1 dan'orous "denunciation; or if wo rais^
mation on one hand, there is connected | our voices to utter adulation, fulsome
on the other, a system of adulation c- i a;;d false ci-ough to nauseate and dis-
.jually faise,df_'radiuu',a!id deleterious. I gnst anv well organized mind.
A inirc mortal m.an, most distiiictM Such is the slate of our countrv:
marked by the weaknesses and vice^swli the cliaract.r of the etlorls made
that defor.n Inmianity, is set up atul a- ; [f<-<-p;il flo7ni' the wise and the worthy,
ilorned with perfections almost divine, and to exalt the unfit and the undo-
No onS denies to him the chara. ter of serving Like every people that b;i*
l»0!U -ly in iiis private coi.tnicts. B-\ ond , preceded us, we are vieldirAour-erv ev
tins truth < an a-lvance but little to re-lviclims to the blustering effcfts of am-
cosnmend him. Be h»s rendered public biiion, and^the Abtle marbi-.ations
services.but each has boe.i tari-.i<!ied by ' of^ts tools and dupes. All primili\ c
some flagrant wron.u'v.perpetralod in llie eoverinients were, and must be repub-
merc wantonnets 'if power. An impar- licae. Despoti-m ever has origii ated,
lial exposition ofbiscb.ai-.'rler.presefiti aid always mu-t originate in t!ie do-
it, full of blemi-bes and defects; un- 1 minion acfpiiicd bv a military leader,
fultivated, und;,>ripli!:ed, nwrked by 'overthc feelings aiid adcciioRS of h'is

ADDRESS.

viQuntrymen. All known monaichics I points lliat relate to the Presidential

have tims been founilcd, and we have
liardlj a case in liistory, where liie tir>
adv.ciros were as undissuised as tiiosi-
whic'* are now passinfj before us. We
Rnef-rat danger, as idle a d riJieulons.

This cor.(ide;!ce, this securitv, are as
panquly of strengih^a sliicld and hue
ier for llie assailants. We deride its
ideots, or doriourice as enemies, those

catl^'ass. The falsehoods, caiiininies,
iiul misrepresent.ilions, started by the
L'QiTibiiiiition, in every month, shall be
presented, reviewed, exposed, ai d re-
futed, as iliey arc got up: the authors

ii atcertained, aiid suiyccled to the cas-
tigatioi) ihey may jjeserve. In this
dcparLment of the work, the necessary
biograplical slfetches shall be drawn

who warn us o^ our danger. So did with a sirict regard to truth, but with

the Jews denounce their propliet:
so do pas-ion aid prejudice ever le-
gard tile saggcstiOTis of caution and of
foretiiouglit. V^et it is not less the
dut) of \lie patriot to sound the alarm,
and proclaim tiie daiiger.

Bui this is not euough. The danger
mu-t not o:ily he made known: it must
he met and repelled. To coi tribute
soni-'thing to an object so imporlani,
the present work is proposed.

It is Ijclicvcd that there is vet a large
majority ofdie good ^ense and th.e calm
judgment of the American People un-
coiilaminaied with tiie mania of oppo-
sition. The infectioTi has readied but
lew. except those who were predis-
posed to receive it; and now an eflort
should be made to arrest a;.d stay its
furtlicr progress. In a coiitest so im-
portant, even "//« weak cm give so7nc
fwlp.'' And no one can kiiow but that
it may be his part to stand ^•betwcm the
living ani the dca<J,aiir/ skiij ihc phfrtir.''

In proportion as eHbrts are made to
, ibusc and mislead the imhlic misid,
I ou".(eracti:igefll)rts become necessary
to diirusc correct inform;!t:o:i. Tiie
torrents of misrepresentation aiid false-
liood that flood the country, tlirouLfii i

the channels of the opposition presses, I mined that the most fastidious shall
must lie met, and rolled back to over-

lUtie attention to encomium.
• As exaggerated calogj- is a part of
''^c sjjstem of falsehood relief upon,
and employed h_v (he combinatioii, lo
force their prominent chieftains into
pui)lic esteem, it shall be an especial
object of the work to make known their
true characters. Neither tiie hero of
Tennessee, nor his compeer of New
York, will be con.-idcred a sui)ject too
hig!>, nor the most despicable of the
new converts of Ohio, a subject too low
for animadversion. The audacity of
the great nod the proiligacy of the lit-
tle shall ])e alike exposed. Besides (he
avowed partizar;s, tlie notaiile crew of
po]itic:il s/iiHjiT--, who affect to occupy
neutral ground, but who, like their pre-
decessors of a former struggle, dcsfgn
to deceive and plunder all, sliall re-
ceive their proper share of notice.

Great care shall be taken not lo de-
part from t.'ie principal title of (he
work. Tr.uTn's Aftvor.vTE should dis-
seminate nothing but truth; and nolli-
ii:g of e,uestionabic veracity shall' lie
promulgated as true. (^JThe moat scru-
pulous pains sliall be taken tjisecure
full coiilidence in whatever is stated
as fact. \>.\ this particular, it is dctsr-

.vhelm their authors. It is a fatal' spect to the style a;?d manner of v.ri-
truth, that calunviv soars oa the wings
of an eagle, whilst correcting truth
pursues her with .the creep of a snail.

at a cri^like the present, when false-
hood is*sys'em Uic uliy disseminated i:;
air^ie forms thaidtSappoi||ted amhition
and hungry expectati-.w can devis'e.

As one means of effecting the proper
counteraction, it is |)ropo'-cd to collect,
:.rrange, and conden-e monthly, llie
I'.irrent facts necessary to conunuiii

tind no ground of objection. W'ith le-

tin
I

ing,it would be idle to give aatpledge,
n this, a- in other cases, tastes i-it to
be disputed. At i!;-c5e;;t. tlse pul.lic
appetite, in liierary and jx-liffeal mat-
ter, is a go.Tl (!; ;•! sated wiLh strong
viands. A ire of cayenne is

received w.... . .,. ilc relish; it is

consequently inferred that a vigorous
style, well intcrspc.--.ed withrtj;illiets,
will be the most acccptahM^'

Tile work -.vill be free from'lhe rc-
slraiiit.i of advciti.-in_" custom and ii,o\-

.I'e rorr. Tt informaMon on lhejg|fious ' en.mvnfe-.l palror.ag.?. It depends nn-

GE.\KRAL JAfKSON'S

on no joi)S and fears the loss of i.o cus-
tomers. It will owe no obligations,
and Le sul)je< t to no accusation ol in-i
gratitude. Trui.'i. ihercfoie, can be
and sIikU be plainly "-poken. To do so
puts no man's bread in jeopard v. —
VVhctlicr it be spoken of the wisdom
of the Pre>ident in lioldint; it a pulilic
duty to n.-lain men in oJlice, wiio aid
in dcfamii.g his character, ad <ontn-l
butc whjil they may to uiiderniinf his
adniinittraiion: whether it relate to
(he headol a department on the fences;
or to one of his deputies in the mire;,
or whether it concern a vetcRin dc- i
famer, or a reckless noviciate: a foreisrn
or a native renofjado, tlie w riler will
have nothing to con^ull but the moral
sen^e of the conimueity, ar.d the adap-
tation of his ^'phrases to the matter.'^ !
These [iroposals are submitted toj
tJiosc, and to those only, who believe !

that the suggestions here m.ide are
fouiided ifi truth, arid who are willing
to uive etTeclive aid to the proposed
wiirk, irorn a conviction that it is reccs-
sary, aid from a wish that it sl.ould
succeed. SjcIi are requested to de-
vote a small portion of their means to
dcl'ray the expenses, ai.d a modicum of
their time to )ii\e it circulation.

The Editors, though ihev do lot
choose to l|.:zon their nanw^s to the
public, intend to evade no lair respon-
sibility. They are not ^stipendiary ad-
zoralef,'" but are ^ principled partiznns;^
stimulated to action by a deep sense of
the duly, which, as (ree citizens of (he,
as yet. only free government on earth,
they owe to honorable public iunctiona-
rics grossly calumni.ited; to the cha-
racter of tiieir cbinury; to themselves,
and to their children.

VIEW

or GEN. JACKSON'S DOIVZ-^STIO RELATIONS,
IX REFERENCE TO HIS FITNESS

FOR THE PRESIDENCY.

There is no subject connected with
the Presidential canvass, upon which
the su[iporters of Gen. Jackson have
evinced mi re])oli'ical generalship, tiian
that which sta.sds at the head of ihts
article. They have asserted, with a
species of deateninsr ( it\. that to (ouch
it, was a violation of all the cliariiies
and all the decencies of life. They have
thrown out upon every one who was
not confounded into tilonce by their
dcnunciatioDS, torrent after torrent of
opprol riuin, evidently intended to over-
whelm with tlie noise of ilu'ir re-
proaches, all wlioni Ihev could not gag
l>y iiitiniidalion. 1 l.'ave marked the
einplo}rn.'ni of these means and their
ellcct--: a; il I have been alike unmoved
liy the violence of one party, or the
thivcring moderation of many amongst

I the other. M\ own Judgment has long
lieen clearly satisfied, that it was an
affair in which the National cliarac-
j ter, the National interest, and the Na-
, tional morals, were all deeply involved,
■ and that, therefore, it was a proper
subject ot public invesliiration. and cx-
I I'Osurc. This, it was my determina-
I tion should, at a proper time, take
place. In my judirment. (hat time is
now, and I proceed upon my own rc-
spnnsibilily, and wiihou( consnl(a(ion
with a siniile individual, (o (he per-
formance of what 1 deem a solemn
;du(y.

Whatever may be (lioui.'h( or said of
olhcr olhces, every candid man must
I agree that the otlice of President ne-
cessarily brint's (he immediate family
of the oihcer, into direct connexion

DOMESTIC RELATION*.

xrith the public. It is impossible to
separate them from public observation.
If t'le President he a married man, hi;-
wife at least, must share the distinc-
tion of the station he occupies. If slie
does not, the reason will be sought
after. If she does, her <iualificatioii for
the station, her character, and stand-
ing, her personal defects, or excellen-
cies, must all he drawn out, aid made
subjects of remark, and will bo com-
mended, caricatured or ridiculed, as
they mav furnish occasion.

It has so happened, in oilier coun-
tries, as well as in our own, that high

ful. This enquiry must and will be
made in all cases, where the station or
liic emploNmcntsof the husband iicccs,-
sarily plates his wife in connexion with
society. Such being the relation in
rthich the wife of a President is placed,
the character and the interest of the
ration must be more or less affected by
her capacity, or incapacity to acquit
herself with credit, in the elevation to
which she is called. If she be weak
and vulgar, she cannot escape becom-
it g a theme for ridicule, a portion of
wliicii, and its consequent contempt,
must attach to her husband, and to the

Iv eifted men have associated them- people that have selected him for their

selves, in th.e connubial relation, with
ignorant and vulgar women. This as-
sociation never fails to lessen our re-
spect for the individual. We feel that
it impeaches his taste, his jiidgnvnt,
or his moral conceptions. Whilst, how-
ever, it would ml operate to deter
us from employing iiim as a lawyer, or
a mccnarric, or confiding in his judg-
ment as am'TcliUi t, it would assuredly
indispose us to eng.-tge him as our cler-
gyman, or to select liim as the guai^
dian of our daughters. And for this]
plain reasoT', that it would involve an
intimate intercourse, where tliere was
notliing of example or precept to re-
Commc; d it.

Every prudent and discreet person,
f!ntru<tcd with the charge of a famil\,
holds it a duty to examine well the
female character where they cultivate
acquai:itance. If the female family
head be destitute of thecliaracferistics
and accomplishments which adorn the
station she moves in, it never fails to
produce an unfavorable effect upon
lier connexions. A talented husband,
or great wealth, may insure her a cold
endurance, hut they can do no more.
This law of society is more irrevocable
than any law of the Medes and Per-
sians. It is founded in the pure morals,
exquisite sensii)ility, and pervading in-
fluence of the female sex, in every
Christian country. An attempt to sub-
vert it, an elfort to inculcate the doc-
trine, that an enquiry into the charac-
ter of a man's wife, for the purpose of
regulating intercourse with his family,
is an uniiallowed invasion of the do-
mestic sanctuarv.can never be success-

chief ruler. If she be intelligent and
accomplished, the influence of her tal-
ents, her virtues, and her manners, must
inevitably reflect a mild and benignant
lustre upon all around her, and upon
all connected with her. VVhen, then,
in our country, a man is suggested as
a candidate for the Presidency, the fa-
thers and husbands, the matrons and
the maid-ns of the land, have a deep
stake in knowing the character of his
wife; and if she be a weak and vul-
gar woman, for that reason alone, his
pretensions should be passed by. But
if astai 1 be cast on her, which, in gene-
ral cases, excludes the unfortunate sulv
ject from society altogether, then the
investigation and enquiry becomes dou-
bly indispensable. It applies not only
to the propriety of permitting her to
occupy the station proposed, but it
touches also tlie character and qualifi-
cations of the husband.

I am far from insisting that whisper*
and surmises, insinuations and suspi-
cions, wliether of ancient or recent
origin, arc sufficient reasons for making
these investigations. Present correct
conduct, and the possession of counte-
nance and res])ect from reputable per-
sons, should be received to silence all
these. But when the stigma is affixed
by legislative acts and judicial records,
tlie case is widely dilTerent. It then
calls foreh(iuiry; and tiiere is no es-
cape from the conchi>ion. We must
see a degraded female placed at the
head of the female society of the na-
tion, or wc must proclaim and urge
the fact as a ground for excluding hex
husband.

GENEUAL JACXSON'.S

The case of Gen. Jackson and his:

%Tife, i>:, in every rc?pecl, an unrommo:.
one. Whi.-rever lie was know;!, pult-
lic rumor had circulated suspicion* a'
(o the correctness of his matrimonial
aUiaricc, long before he was dreamcii
of as a man, in whose connubial con-
^exio^.^ tlic nation could liave anv pos-
fciblc interest. It wh- no case cf mere
surmise against an unmarried female,
arisin;^ out of possible ii'discrction, and
resting upon a peculiar freedom of
manners too little recardful of the re-
straints of society. On tlie fontrary,
it involved an accusation of the most
exceptionable character, extendins; to
fhc gentleman a? well as to the lady,
and resting lor proof, upon a h gisla-
tive act, and the record of a court of
justice. It was an accusation of gross
adultery, in wliich outrage upon the
right* of (he liushand was urged against
Gen. Jackson, and desertion from her
hu-band to the arms of a pammour,
was charged against tlic wile. Sucli
■were the charges; such the evidence
npon which they rested. Whether
Iruc or false, necessarily became a
matter of public concern, from tlie fact,
that tiic parlies accused were present-
ed as candidates for the most conspi
cuouf station in o'lr country, in which
the accused female must be placed at
the head of the female society of the
land. Were she iniioccnt of the crimes
alleged against her, their long circu-
lation, the strong evidence to sustai-
them, and Iho serious manner in wliich
they alf't li'd tjio present claim-; of her
husiiand, conduced to call for invcii-
gallon. An upright and an honorable
man. confident of the purity of his wife,
and sensible that he occupied a statioi;
which coniiec ted that purity v.-ith the
eharacler of his country, would have
rejoiced at an opportunity to repel a
lo:ig endured calumny. He would
have seen, in a call for inquiry and in-
vestigation, no spirit but that of manly
patriotism. lie would have regarded
the man whn movi-d it, as the fiieiid of
him-el( a:.d of the coinlry, and lie
v.onld have met it, rejoicing as one who
l»as found a peaii of great price. It
liiLs not been so received; it has not
been so met. V\liy it has not. there
Can be but one opinicr. '

Mrs. Jackson w.is the wife of Lewis
Robards. of (ilercer county, Iv i.tucky,
then a component part of tne Coininon-
wcalih of Virginia. l>i DeciniDer,
'790, Lt;wis Robards applied to the
Legislature of \ irgi.,ia, ciiarging bis
wife wiih aduhery, and ibr that cause
praying a divorce. Such proof was
otlered a? induced the Legislature (o
act upon the charge. A law was passed
directing a judicial investigation, and
providing that if it were found true,
Lewis Robards should stand divorced
Irom bis wife. The>.e proceedings were
instituted and proseculerf 'o tinal trial.
In September, 1703, twelve men. con-
stituti'.g a jury, after bearing proof,
declared upon their oaths, that Mrs.
Robards was guilty of the aduhery
charged upon her, and Lewis Robard*
oi)tained the divorce pravcd for. The
law of Virginj;;, ;ind the record o( the
Kentucky court are inserted at the end
of this review, so as to place the mat-
ters be\oiid all dispute.

Tills fact bcieg thus esiablisiied. the
question fairly presents itself to a Chris-
tian and moral people, ought a convict
ed adulteress and her paramour hus-
band to br- placed in the hisbest offices
of this free and Christian lairl? It it
u.-eless to answer with ranlins vitupe-
ration. It is a [ilain and a fair ques-
tion; one which every citizen has a
light to ask: one wliich no citizen
should be denounced for asking. Was
I lie offence cemmiltcd? Can bipse of
(ime eradicate its contamination? Par-
ly prejudice, party passion, miy answer
•IS the.y please. Those who value good
character, and the institutions, at.d mo-
ral sentiments that prescn'e it, can give
but one answer.

An answer has been rittr m].tcd. not
!)y denying the f ict of l!ie adultery, but
l>y ailmitting. and attempting to excn-c
it. This vindication is the work of abb-
men; it has been skillully adapted to
the sympathies and the passions of the
nvilliliide, totally disro;iardieg all mo-
ral feeling and just intelligence. It
>'iall be reviewed and exposed, not by
ajipeals to passion and ^u^gar preju-
dice, but b_> submitting such a com-
mentary as is applica'ile to every ca^e
similarly rircuinstanced.

The Na-hville c'.rainiltcc commence

DOMESTIC RELATIONS.

their vindicalioa by noticing an allega-
tioa against tin- cliastitv of Mrs. Jack-
son, which none hati jjeforc objectcil
against her, in any tangibl;! form. A
numixM- oi \vitiioss('« arc i)rouglit for-
ward, whotcstifv that her liiisband was
jcalons of her before she was acquaint-
ed with Gen. Jackson. Judge Overton
is made to namellie iidividual of whom
lier iiiisljand \va« jealous, and to slate
tliat sonieofttie facts transpired u-.der
his own observation. 1 am unalde to
perceive how these facts can lie d<'cm-
ed elucidatory of Mrs. Jackson's good
conduct. Bill I rely nothing upon
them as proof again-l her. I would l)e
the last man to imjioach a lady's chas-
tity, upon t!)e si:glc circumstance of
ber l!usl)ai-dis jealousy; x'et every nuin
must admit, that tliat jealousy is very
odd evidence to bring forward in sup-
port of her character. And when a
second fit of jealously turns out to be
well founded, it is singular enougli to
allege t!)c lirst to excuse it. Such,
however, is the case I)efore us.

Jud^e Overton professes loije conu-
zant ofnll the facts implicating the con-
duct of Gen. Jackso'i aiid Mrs. Robards
at their early acquaintance, and also,
many of the f-icts that relate to Mrs.
Kobards.ard Kcr husband. lie comes

happily together." He conversed with

Robards, who expressed regret for
what had passed, acquitted his wife of
all impropriety, and joined in re(jucst-
ing the Judge's good oilic;.s to restore
harmony, and this the Judge under-
took, in consequence of Robard's assur-
ance, that he would give up "all non-
sensical notions about jealousy."'

In Marcli, I7G9, Judge Overton wa«
at Mrs. Donalson'5,mi»t!ier of Mrs. Rob-
ards, iu Tennessee, where he and Gen.
Fack.son about that time became board-
ers. The Judge "frequ-.-ntly convei-s-
ed with Mrs. Robards, on the subject of
livi-.gliapi)ily willi her liusband,'" and
she assured him of her disposition to
do so. He communicated this to Rob-
ards and his mother, aiid received their
thaidcs, and Robards and his wife be-
came re-uiited in 1788, or 1780. Ih
the arrangement for re-nnion, Rohard»i
agreed to reside in Tenttessee, and for
a time at Mr^. Donalson's. "Not many
montiis elapsed before Rob.irds became
je;dous of Jackson," atid his upbraid-
ings reached tlie ear of the Judge, who
remonstrated with him, but to ro ef-
fect. The Judge then informed Jack-
son, who determined to remonstrate
with Robards. This resulted in a
quarrel, and Jaclcson left the house to
brward as the apologist of them i)oth, | board elsewhere. ''Robards remained

at this time; and it may he fairly as-
sumed, that he makes the best case for
them. His statement is also published
at tb.c close oC this article, and I sliall
make it the basis of my exposition.

Judge Overton lived in the family of' tb.is, again Mrs. Donnlson told t!iQ
Robards";; mother, with Robards i'.i:d ; Judge, "her daugitter intended to g»

several montlis with his wife, and then
went to Kcfitucky in company with
Mr. Thomas Crutcher." There came a
report, that " Ruhards intended lo corns
and lake his wife lo Ke.nlncky."' After

his wife, in 1787 and in 1788. They
lived utihappily, in consequence of his'
jealousy; and in t!;e fall or summer of
1787, Mrs. Rohards's brother, at the

don-n the River to Natchez, to some of
their friends, m ordek to kecp out of
THE WAY OF Robards, a? she said he
had threatened to haunt her." Jack-
request of Robards, v.ho had said, he sot) became greatly distressed, and
did not intend to live witii her any i made the judgu his cor.lidcnt, commu-
longer, removed her to her mother's in' nicating "his inlc.ntions of s^oin;^ h
Tennessee, leaving Robards in Kcu-\^'\'rilchez u-itk Col. Slark, irithn-homjlrs.
lucky. This removal "was said to be ; Eobarrh -u-as to descend the river, sm/ing
a final separation at the instance of that she had no friend or relation to
Robards." The whole family held I ^o n-ith her, and crsif I in preventing Mr.

Mrs. Robards blameless

After her departure, the elder Mrs. li

I S!arJc, his fumit;i and Mrs. Robards from
heinis massacred by the fiidians.'^ He

Robards spoke to Judge Overton, who wotitaccordinglv.aiid returned in Mav>,
was about to settle in Tennessee, to|1791. About orshortly after this time,
interest himself, to "get her son Lewis, i information was received, that a di-
nnd daughlcr-ia-l»w Rachel, to live ivorcc had been granted, upon thraj"-

GENERA I. JACKSON*9

plication of Robards, Jhc Jnd^e re- 1 ^irms this, in terms, and he st;ites clear-
marks: '-THIS APPLICATION HAD BEE.N I V, that after Juckson left tnc housc of
ANTiciCATKD BV ME." Jacksoi. fcturi 'U-^.Doud\>ou,'-Rohanisremninai sever-
ed to Natchez ill the summer of 1791 ; | / nvniths vilh hu^ infe, mil ihtn zrenl to
and in the fall, brought Mrs. Robard '. Kentwky. in ri,mp<tny vcith Mr. Ihonute
back as his wife. The General neve' I Cmuher." Mr. Crutclier relates; the
knew that there was no divorce until r jarting of Robards and his wife, when
after the decree was proiouced, whei. | ihis journev was taken, and he also ra-

the judge informed him of it, and ad-
vised a second marriag'-, wiiich was
solemnized in .laiiuary, 1793.

Such is the palliator\ narration of a
partial friend. It is an insult to com-
mon sense, to sav, that it does - o

lates their conduct alUr Jackson had
le.iMrs. Donalson's. Hcsavs:

"Captain Robards coitinued to live
*.vith Air. Donalson without interrup-
tion, as long as he remained ii' the
counir>. I have seen ]Mr. and Mrs.

place the seduction and adultery, in as Robards teg- ther at Nashville, and

prominent and reprehensible a light, as
it is placed by the legislative a'd judi-
cial proceedings themselves. Jack on
avows his attachment to a married

liavc seen them together at Col. Hav's.
where they have staid days and iiighis."

Qithc pirtinghe ;-ays:

" When I was ready to set out on mr

woman, and his determination to travel journey, I w erst l)y Mrs. Donalson"s for
with iieras her protector, in a journey i Captain Robards; o . mv arrival I (buud
undertaken avowedly, to "/rfyj out of Mrs. Robards aid her mother busily
the u'ny of her husbinul."' Tlie apology j engaged in packing up his clotl'.es and
for this journey, is, that her hushai d : provisions. , I suppose it was about an
threatened to take her to Keituckuj liour before Cap(. Robards was readr
Jackson united himself as a husband to to start. When we were ready to
this same married woman, upo- the 'start, Capt. obards, with much ap-
mere report of a divorc e. a"d lived parent friendship, took his leave of
with her lictween two ad three year-. ' Mrs. Do.alson. mu/ his zrife, walking to
inopen adiilterv. For this, the plea oi ,//;<; o^o/f with him, in a very tcnrlcr and
ignorance is advanced : as if the perpe- 1 "Jjectionatc mnnner took her l»iir of himJ"
trator of an acknowledged enormity. I Thus the parties lived, and thus the?
which nothing but the knowKdgc of j separated, after Jackson left .Airs,
facts could palli ite. miglit be permit ' Donalson, whicli Overton savs wasscT-
ted to jusiify himself upon the pica of eral months. Robard"s jealousy sub-
ignorance. I sided, when the o'iject wa5 no longerin
In the whole course of my life, I have ! association with his wife. Let us cn-
ncver witnessed a defence, even of the quire what he was subsequently guilty
lowest criminal by tlie mcai.est petti- i of, that should justily a wife m abjur-
foger, of such a demoralizing and i ing his authority and society,
profligate tcndenc}, as the o!:e here] On this journey he said to Afr.
attempted. It is mainlaif.ed that ajCrulcher, that, "he be damned if he
convicted and avowed adulteress si. all t would ever be seen in Cumberland
be permitted to sa\, that, tiie ur'fourd- j again;" Mr. Cruicher replied ''the
ed and unjust accusations of her hus- 1 /rfVnrfs ofjMrs. Rnbnrfis irouH not like,
band were the occasions of her crime.', mul pcrhnpsiroultl not coxsrxt for her to
and constitute her apology. Assuming I go back to ICenluckif to tii-e.'" '■'He siiirl, ht
an innocence, negatived by every part i ■/»>/ not can- ii-hot they liked or disliked,
•fthe transaction, as the very grout'd of I he shon'.l do -rluit hr thought proper.''
the defence, making strong and almost ' ]\Iest me';.l 'ielieve,act prettvmucli
irresistible presumptions of <£uill, ar: I nnon this principle. Bui few certainly
excuse for its undisguised consumma-l -Icemit i.cct-ssary to consult "'■the likes
tjon.'" >r thrdisb'kes"' of their wives* friends, a*:
Thcaftertion of Robards forhis wife, to their pl;ice of residence. And surely
and his anxiety to enjov her eompan>, no man, who values our instiiuiion«_.
in peace, is evident from all tlie sla;^^- ' i d the social intercourse founded upon
Oirnts furnifihcd. Judge Overlou at- Ihcm, can coutcad that a jealous tens-

l>OMESTTC RET,ATIO?r<l.

pci 111 a iuiM)a..d, ami an un-villingness
to reside wiiere iic may prcler,can jus-
tify a wile ill placing hci-^eW " bajoiifl
his m/r/i," in tlic society of a person to-
wards whom he lias once expressed a
feeling ol' jealousy. Yet these are the
only reasons adduced in vindication of
the conduct of Airs. Robards.

Mr. Crutcher tells us, "it was re-
ported, however, that he ihiaitnicd to
inmc and liike his tvifc t" Kcnlucky^ anil
((impel her to live there. She, as well as
all her friends, was inucli opposed to
this, and in order to plaee herself beyond
his re.aeh, as I understood at the time,
determined to descend the river in
company witii Col. Stark's fiimily, and
under his protection to Natchez."

AVe have the same information from
Overton. Both concur in stating tiiat
Mrs. Robards made her journey to
Natchez, to avoid her husband, and in
disregard of the duty which required
her to accompany him to Kentucky

([uite so much. J uilgo M i\air} speaks
of " irrrproachabtc eluiraeter^' and Geii.
Jackson's incnpucityio do certain ihii.gs.
but still, lie stops short of the lact, (liat
(he '••distinct piiblic opinion''' was Ibrmcd
aiid expressed in their favor.

This could not possibly be the case.
Robards applied (or the divorce. The
Legislature of Virginia would not pass
a law-, upon such a subject, without
some evidence of its propriety. V'» ere
the facts such a- to ju>tifv Mrs. Rob-
ards and Gen. Jack>on, Robards never
could have thought of a divorce. —
Judge Overton has inadvertently fur-
nished pretty good proof of this. He
says, he had himself nnticipated that
Robards would apply lor a divorce.
AVhatever he may say now, it is very
clear he did not then anticipate such
an application in behalf of Robards,
without a supposition that he had ome
cause for it. The idea would be ab-
surd. Robards had confessed the in-

There is no essential difference in the I justice of his first suspicions, and he
case, whether she left her husband's | had become reconciled to his wife, af-
own house, or that of her mother, ; ter his second htofjealousy,had parted
where he left her in kindness, and in j from her in tendeniess,and wished her
tjontcmplatioii of meeting her again in j to come and reside with him in Ken-
the same spirit. The facts of the case, i tucky. These were the events of the
as exhibited by Overton, in connexion I stmimerofl790.as the committee would
with Crutcher, when divested of the ' have ushelieve. No impi-opriety t'.ad

strong opinions which the gentlemen
themselves give, present a case of very
gross misconduct in both parlies; and
such' as the record evidence would na-
turally lead us to exjiect.

Among the curious anomalies which

then, it is prelended, taken place on
the part of Mrs. Robards. She had
not then, as the witnesses say, descend-
ed the river with Jackson; yet Judge
Overton " anticipated" that Robards
would apply for a divorce! Nay, he

this vindication presents, it is not the evidetitly intimates his '• AXTicirATiON '
least sinsjular. that its authors boldly I that the application would be success-

assume and asseit, what their own wit-
nesses and authentic records prove to
be impossible. They say:

" At the time when Mr. Robards se-
parated from his wife, applied for a di-
vorce, obtained il. and Gen. Jackson
married her, when all the facts were
fresh and distinct, public opinion was
formed, and the contemporaneous judg-
ment of the society in which those per-
so'!S resided, came to a clear and de-
wsive result in their favor."

Of the twelve persons whose state-
ments accomoany tiie vindication, two
onlv, Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Bowcn, ven-
ture to make this assertion. Even
Judge Ovcrtoa is ciu-eful not to say

ful; and (iiis is done for the purpose of
explaining why the fact of the divorce
was taken upon trust. Though not
much in point for this purpose, it is a
strong inlimalion of what were the real
fads. The Judge knew that Robards
had just ground to apply for a divorce;
hence, he '■ anticipated" both the ap-
plication and success.

Gen. Breckenridge is also brought
out to contradict the record, and to
prove that the passage of the law was
predicated upon no proof against Mrs.
Robards, Fie is absurd erough to <ay :

'• I was a young man at the time, a: d
the deep imnression made on my mird
was the uevcJtv aad ijnportaiice of the

10

t-EAEKAL JACKSON'S

case, combined with the interest which
1 felt in behall'of the female concerned,
remain with great distinctness.

•• Mf. Robards was represented to

tive and judicial investigation, result-
ing in a conviction of adultery; it i?
useless, I say, to assert, in such a case,
tiiat the contemporaneous judgment of

be a man of vile, wild habits and harsh society was in their favor, and thai

temper, and his wife lovely and blame
less in her disposition and deportment,
and so cruelly treated by her husband,
as to make a separation necessary to
her happiness. It was under impres-
sions produced by a state of facts like
the-e, that I voted for a judicial en-
quiry on the subject, which 1 have un-
derstood eventuated in a divorce."'

Before we can credit this statement,
we must believe that the Legislature
o(' Virginia received an application
from a man of vile habits and hai-sh
temper, accusing a lovely and blame

there "did not exist an injurious sus-
picion as to their previous conduct."
The assertion is a hbel upon all socie-
ty, where female chastity is valued, or
connubial fidelity regarded; as well as
an idle contradiction of the record evi-
dence in the cause.

It is alleged as an apology, that "thir-
ty-seven years of domestic peace and
useful virtue, have given a sanction,
which must operate upon every candid
and generous mind with irresistible
power."' Tiiis is a persuasive and
plausible appeal, it addresses itself to

le*s wfre,whom he had cruelly treated, j our kindest sympathies, and were it n
of .Thiltery, and pra>ing to be divorced' case for the indulgence of sympathy,
from her on that account; that with a would be almost incontrovertible, jn

full knowledge of his vileness and her
worth and innocence, and with a strong
conviction that separation was neces-
sary to her inippiness, they enacted a

most cases of female aberration, there
are very many extenuating circum-
stances, by which sjTnpathy in one sex.
and both sympathy and gallantry in

law autliorizing a judicial encjuiry, the other, would he almost persuaded
whether she iiad or had not committed i to forgive the ofl'ender. It is because
adultery!! This law, enacted because of this, that a stern, uncompromising

a separation was necessary to her hap
piness, did not allow a sejiaration un-
less siie was judicially found guilt\ of

judgment of censure is universale past.
The unfortunate is resolved to have
fallen never to rise again, imless all

adultery!!! and of this the framer* of memorvof her fall can be obliterated,
tlie law believed her iimocenf. When j So great are the temptations, so nu-
a man of sense uttei-s such absurdities merous and so seducing (he approaches
as tiiese, we know he does not speak to the commission of the otfence in
the truth. His assertions arc in direct question, notliing short of utter and ii-
contradiction to our common sense. ] remediable disgrace is sufficient to
They prove his readiness to stultif\ ' hold it in proper check. Can fort)
him-iclf to support Gen. Jackson, and j years of exemplary virtue restore the
thev prove nothing further. I wretched Kl«ie D.Whipple to the sta-

ll is useless to insist that .in a caseation she has lost in societv? Would
where a single man has avowed his af-|not we be startled at the bare sugges-
fection for another man's wife, (for tiie ' tiori, that forty years hence she might
admission to Judge Overton "that he j he placed as the wife of our President,
was the most Jinhufpi/ of men. in luu iiig at the head of the females of our coun-
been iiinnrcnllij and unintenlionallv the \ trv? There is no record proof of her
cause of the loss of peace and ha])piness . adulterv, and no evidence to charge
ol !\Irs. Rol)ards. whom he l)elieved to her with further crime, but the asscr-
he a fine woman,'" amounts to neither tions of a most abandoned villain. The
more or less,) and who accompanies cases are not analogous, but the prinri-
that wife in a long jonrnev to "keep pie is the same: and however painful
out ol her husband's way," and " place it mav be felt, the more recent one is a
herseit beyond his reacii ;'' and where decisive illustration of the unsoundnes-*
the «;i/i'(/;;n/ swain and ihe^'fiurrromnn" of the apologv in question.
\'\\v in union as man and wife,and their That oblivion had not cast her shade
co!u!u. t i> made the subject of legisla- unon the oflence of Mrs. Jackson, i-

DOMESTIC RELATIONS,

11

most notorious; nor has it, in the can-
vass for tlic Presidency, been raked up
from a comparative forgetfuhiess, to
be used for the purpose oi prejudicing
lier husband. From the period of (he
transactions thcinselves,tlic sul)ject lias
never ceased to circulate, and supply
a theme of conversation, wherever
Gen. Jackson was known. Of this, the
vindication itself gives one decisive
item of proof, in the letter from A. Fos-
ter, to Calkb Atuater, written in re-
ply to enquiries with respect to it, in
1824. Had public opinion, at the
time, been as is now represented, the
fact itself would have furnished no ali-
ment for tittle-tattle, and might have
been forgotten.

In (he view here presented of the
case, upon the facts s(a(cd by the vin-
dicating committee themselves, no in-
telligent mhid is permitted to doubt,
that Mrs. Jackson was unfaitliful to her
marriage vow with Robards. No man
of the world can believe that she would
have been guilt}' of tiie great indiscre-
tion of flying beyond the reach of her
husband, with a man charged to be
her paramour, were she innoccntof the
charge. Her conduct, his cond ict in
the (light, in the alleged marriage, in
the illegal union, in the subsequent le-
gal marriage, furnish presumptions of
guilt, which admit of no explanation
consistent with correctness and duty.
It would be as rational to give credit
to asseverations of innocence, had they
been found at midnight, undressed, in
the same bed. In tliat case there
"would be proof of a single indiscretion,
wliilst in the real case there is a suc-
cession of corroborative facts, which
could not, in any probability, take
place, were the parties innocent.

It has been urged, (hat the effect of
Ihe record is invalidated by tiie fact,
tjiat the proceedings were ex park. —
But with what propriety can General
Jackson, or any one of his advocates
advance this argument? The transcript
docs not show when the judicial pro-
ceedings were first instituted. But
Judge Overton places the first union
of Gen. Jackson and Blrs. Robards, in
fhc summer of 1791. AV'hen they as-
sumed the open relation of husband
and wife, it was an illegal and criminal

act. it is asserted, (hat (hey supposed
it to be legal. They were upon their
own assumptions, gready mistiken. —
How was it pracdcable to eflcct such
a state of tilings, as to make it lawful
for them to continue in the relation of
husband and wife? The answer ad-
mits of no dispute. It could be in no
way effected, bu( by penni((ing Robards
to obtain a divorce. It is no where pre-
tended that Mrs. Robards could apply
for a divorce wi(h any hope of success.
Robards c^ uld only obtain a divorce
under the law, by proving the facts of
desertion and adultery upon his wife.
Gen. Jackson and Mrs. Robards, therc^
fore, voluntarily, and for the gratifi-
cation of their own appetites, placed
themselves in a 'situation to render it
necessary that Mrs. Robards should
be convicted of desertion and adul-
tery, in respect to Robards. To this
conviction they must submit, or sepa-
rate, or continue to live in open defi-
ance of law and decency. It is absurd
to suppose, that, in such a predica-
mcht, (hey could either of them desire
that the application of Robards should
be defeated. It is obvious to tlie mean-
est understanding, that they could
scarcely do otherwise than pander to
their own disgrace, or remain quies-
cent and hope for it.

We are told (he first marriage took
place, in confidence that the Legis-
lature of Virginia had granted a di-
vorce upon the application of Robards.
He could not apply upon an allega-
tion of his own misconduct. He must
have charged some derilcctionof duty,
some crime upon his wife, as the foun-
dation of granting to him a divorce.
He must have adduced some proof in
support of his charge. The parties
both knew this; and they married in
1791,if indeed, they did ilirn marry at
all, of which there is no proof, with a
full Icnowlcdge (hat the capacity to do
so, arose from a legislative conviction of
crime against Mrs, Robards, and none
other than adultery could be supposed.
Those, then, who believe that an
adulteress, who has become, after n
time, the legal wife of her panimotir,
is not a suitable person to be placed at
(he head of the female society of the
United State?, cannot with proprietr

m GEKER.iL JACKSOX'S

vote forGpnernlJackson. Those wHoj in the >umnftr of 1789, we hear of ne
are of opinion that all enquiry, as to, difticultios between Robard< and lii*
the charatter of a President's wife, is] wife, until the fall of 1790, when his
improp'T. and arc therefore indilVcrent 1 det'-rmination to remove bis wife to
what her character may he; a'ld those ' Kentucky was made known. Thai
w!io conceive that a fallen female mav ' new troubles arose ; thex ^'IIu whole af-
be restored by subsequent good con-\ fair gave Gen. Jackson grcalniuasiiicss;''
duct, may conscientiously ecive General ' then he informed J udge Overton »• hs
Jackson their support. But to ground nas the most unhappij of men. in having
themselve-i upon an affected belief, that ihnoccnily aiul unintentionally heen the cause
the allegation of unihanitv is not true, of the loss of the peace and liajipines-i of
is to defy the lights of truth, and ioMrs. Rjbards,iahomhebeHevid to be afim-
close the understanding against con- i ^"'""°''-"

viction. " I This disclosure is utterly irreconcile-

The state of facts, as the exposition' able with the whole case set up by the.
I haye made shows tliem to have ex N.ishville committee, of which Judge
isted, vitally affects General Jackson's Overton is the main eifective witness,
pretensio'is to (he Presidenrv, in manv It is an additional in>lance, to the ihou-
views. ttiat relate principal'lv to him- sands that liave occurred, ! ow very
self. Thev atfecl him as a "man. as a difficult it is to give a gloss to matter*
husband, as a patriot; in each charac- of fact, ditTerent from that which they
tcr evidencing his unfitness for the sta- naturally iniporU How, in the fall of
Xion to which he aspires. I ! 790, was General Jackson •• iniwceiitltf

T-iey alfect him as a man. His ac- and uninientionallt/ the cause f th- loss of
quaintance with Mrs Robards com- '^« /'^ace anrf A/i^./.uieiif/Vrj. A'oftarrfs.?''
menred in March. 1739. He was then ' t'l'ik •' "''1 P»"-^<^ J'"^>^^ Overton,
a veritable stripling to cast the eves ^"^ tl'P Nashville Committee to boot,
of affection on anotlier man's wife, <o make a satisfactory explanation up-
and in less than two years secure her on the facts they have adduced. .^
to himself. A gallant, gay Lothario. The jealousy of Robards in HSD,
according to iMis. Smith, who assures they sa\ wa-^ unfounded. At that time,
lis, that "his chamcUr and .'/t/n'//>ig" then, Mrs. Robards liad conceived no
[twenty-two years old, and a fow 'alfeclion for Gen. Jack=on. It could
months in the countrv:!] ''•added Vt not be the corroding canker of unhal-
his en^agins: and sprii;hlhj manners, sere (owed attachment that destroyed her
enou^rh 10 income the mind of poor Rob pp;,^,,, ^nd happiness, of whicli attach-
arh:' TI.ev certainly did inflame the ,„^„,^ q^,„^ Jack'on was the innocent
Blind of Mrs. Robards, and a percep- „!,je(t. Robards had become rccon-
tion of this would very naturally in- ri|,.d to his wife, :mkI there is no pro-
flame that of her husband. i ,,,„(,(. tbat he bad either deserted her,
We learn from Judge Overton, the or was in the habit of upbraiding her,
Pandarus of the play, that after Gen. upon account of Jackson. AVhy,then,
Jackson and Mrs. Robards became ac- was she unhappy, and Jack>on the
quainted, "not many months elapsed, cause of that unhappiness? Was it a
beforeRobardsbecame jealous of Jack- 'continuance of the unl'oundcd jealousy
S0;i," but '•vllhoi'l ihchasi frroiind." — of Jackson tbat indiirtd Robards to
T:iis unfounded jealoiisv broke out in wish llie removal of his «ilt-? Tlws
reproaches against Mrs. R«bards, and does not appear; if it did. upon what
violent altercation with Jackson, who. common principle of action would it
in consequence, cha: ged his residence ^ make Jackson *'//w viofi unhappij of
to keep out of the way of giving of nis;i?" or wherefore should it cause wAe
fe ce. After this. Robards rcnrMnvd loss nflhr peace and hoppinrss of J\!rs. Rob-
sevf^nil months with his wife, and part- »irrfs/" She.ronscious of innocence.and
cd from her in apparent contid<'n<e and devoted to the performance of conjugal
ki i<l ii'ss. in (lie month of June, 1790. duties, had no cause fora total "los* of
l"'r ni ihe time o| the altercation with p<'ace." in the fad that her husband
Jiirk^on, which must hyvr taken plarc' wished to remove her from the occ^

DO>rESTIC RELATIOXS.

13

sionnl society nf a man against whom I wife, while a icsidcnt in tho bosom of
he had cntei taiijcd suspicions. On the | lier family, and indulging that attach-

coi'trarv, such removal was pui-suing
the plain path of prudence and of dutv,
and was exactly that, which should
have given confidence aiid comfort to
the mild of an ellcctionate wife. Jack-
soi> having felt no altachment himself.
coTiscious that the lady felt none, and
douhly conscious no act of his had
given cause for the jealousy ofRobards,
could have no reason to feel unhappy,
or indulge regret. If there was no in-
tercourse between Mrs. Robards and
himself, but that of ffoinmon politeness,
he could have no k'lOwledtje of her

meiit so as to secure a reciprocation
from its object. We tind him accom-
panying her in a llight, (o get beyond
her husband's reach, finally giving oc-
casion for a divorce, upon the broad
ground of the w ife's adultery, and af-
terwards making her the partner of
his life, and probably mother of hia
! children. Were an occurrence like this
now to take place, no matter what waa
the conduct of the husband, how >hoiild
we estimate the youtliful hero of such
an adventure?

Let us exclude Gen. Jackson's case

" /oM of pence mid hrippinrss^' much less j from our recollection, until we reflect
weie it possible for him to know, that I upon the proper answer to the inquiry

he was the occasion of it. After the
ebullition of jealousy which had escap-
ed Robards. every principle of pru-
deoi e, of duty, oi' decent respect for
themselves, ai^d for the society in which
they moved, lorbade any intercourse

lere made.

To indulge an aiTection for a marri-
ed woman, even in a man's own secret
heart, is a great aberration from cor-
rectness-, i< is permitting unhallowed
passion to obtain the mastery over rea-

but that of distant civility, between j son and duty. To approach a married
Gen. Jackson and Mrs. Robards. Had woman with a declaration of affection,
sucli been the feelings and tiie conduct is an indecent outrage. If she does
of the parties, there could have been not so feel and receive it, she is already
no " /os'f 0/ pence"' on one side; no "otos/ more than half a participator. The

unhnppii of men'^ on the other,

Tne avowal made, that Jackson was
most unhappy, because he was inno-
cently the cause of the "loss of the
peace" of Mrs. Robards, inevitably as-

outrage against society and the hus-
band is not the less; and he who has
the hardihood to make such an ap-
proach, would at once be regarded as
a youth prepared to sacrifice his own

serts a stale of facts totally different ! duties, and the riglifs and happiness of
from that which the vindication at- others, to the gratification of his own
tempts to make out. is includes the appetites. Wiu'ii the rein is so given

admission, that Mrs. Robards was at-
tached to Jackson, that he reciprocated
this attachment; that this mutual at-
tachment bad been mutually disclosed,
.md had deeply allccted the peace and
liappiness of both. In such .circum-

to indulgence, that it runs the whole
race, and ends in divorce and marriage,
the most favorable estimate" we can
make of the parties, is, that they are
the mere creatures of passion, and t!)o
victims of itsungovenied predominance.

stances, it is possible that the grossest ' We should draw the conclusion, that he
indulgence of this criminal attachment , whose career of appetite was not re-
had not taken place? But when the , strained by a regard for his obli<;ations

parties so far forget what is due to
themselves, and to the world, as to be-
come partners in a journey avowx'dly

to society, nor by a dread of reproach,
nor by an apprehension of vindictive,
or retributive justice, could never be

to place the wife '•'bfi/nnd the nacir of a safe depository of power over others,
her husband, it is an insult to our com- 1 Such would he the natural inference
moM sense, to talk of their virtue, or to j in the case slated, and 111 Gen. Jackj-
tell us that the man is incapable of se- son's case, his whole life shows, that
during his neighbors wife. jtiie deduction would be a correct one.

Here then ^^•e find Gen. Jackson, in! Thus does this transaction vitally affect
the first stages of his manhood, conceiv- ' Gen. Jackson's pretensions to the Presi-
.ing an pUnchment for his neighbor's 'dency. It does nol stand an isolated

M

GENERAX JACKSON'S

date. And more especially, were he a
true patriot, who esteemed the honor»
the fame, and the interest of hi^ roan-
try as deserving all consideration, he
would feel tliat hi^ matrimonial rclaliou
ought to exclude him from the office oC
President.

Since this affair was brought before
the public, we have had a goodly por-

act of self-willed gratification, regard-
less of duty and of right, but it stands
the first in a series of similar acts, ex-
tending over his whole lil'e, and assimi-
lated in principle, though not always
in degree, with much of his conduct.

It touches him loo, in the relation of
husband.

Notwithstanding the criminality at-
tending their courtship and marriage. ,. r ■ ,, , ,• i - • ^
.1 ., /nil .k . I lion ot ?irk V and mawkish sentiment,
the evidence is hill and clear that. ;is L. ,,,,,•,, , . ,i /^ i

Ml 1 „ »i,„i.,i,-- , „„j.,^f !,„„ irom >lr. W al>li, and rom.Nlr. Coleman,
rs. Jackson, the lady s conduct hasL. ■-, ,r/- i . n i.

». I 1 "• III Irom Uuli (.ireen, and Amos rlolton,

been exemplary and irreproachable, i . „ , ', , , •

m, ■ •» ,• ,1 . • t ahoul trallantrv, and the respect due to

There is no situation that imposes on i ,. , *= , •': , , ^

,. 1 1 i I J lemale cliaractcr, and the cowardice

a man higher and more responsible du- ,, , ,' ■ j i .•

.- it ji 1 ,• rk 1 1. ' and baseness of drajiging a ladv be ore
ties, than the relation of husband to a ., 1 1- • ,. ^^ ,■*' , . ■

, ,1 r 11 r the public, in matters o electio;iecrine

woman once known to have fallen from ' ,,,, ... , °

the virtue of chastity. If he were the , ;:«"^'^'""- ^ '"-•*« /hings sound very
... ■(■ I f 11 1 linely, and would always aijplv when

original occasion ol her lall, and con- ^ -, n j ,- • ",■

°, r ti ^i ■ . •. lemale crime called (or investigation

izant of all the circumstances, unites ■ n - .u .

land exposure, ;is well as in the pre^eilt

But what would constitute fe-

his character with liers, lie owes her!

the most scnipiilous delicacy of deport-
ment, as well as the tendcrcst atTec-
tiohs. She is a bruised and broken
flower, wlucli be alone can proper-
ly appreciate and cherish. To raise
her to respectability, to obliterate the
remembrance of her offences, to recon-
cile her to herself, to restore her peace
of mind, should be the great effort of his

male excellence, if no diffeicnce were
made between her who subjected all
heractions to the restraints and regula-
tions of propriety, aiid her who gave,
a loose, to her feeliig.s, inclinations, and
passions, regardless of the decorum
which alone renders the sex estimable.

I have already noticed the imperi-

life, to which his whole conduct should ous nccessitvfor impo-ing severe pen-
be directed. Unoiitrusive retirement allies, upon certain (emale aberration*,
from the world, and respectful defer- 1 If she who has offended in this particu-
ence, for those with whom he associated, I lar so rankly. that her offence has he-
would be the plain course of a man j come matter of Legislative and Judicial
who felt as he ought to feel, in such a( record, may a«pire to high places, and
predicament. He should do iiolbing.| may claim to silence all censure, and all
say nothing, place iiimsclf in no position i eiuiuirv. who does not see the danger-
which would bring his wife before the i ous consequences thatmay be produced
public. To act otherwise, is to be in society? Wiiat virtuous woman,
as regardless of her feelings, as he what upright man can call for such a
had formerly been of the feelings of relaxation of public morals? AV hat fa-
others, and to expose her, in the way- t her, who descants earnestly upon tin-
ward indulijence of his own temper, to, duly of throwing a mantle over the do-
tbe rimruks and sarcasms of those mestic relations of Gen. Tackson, shall
whom he encounter-. It is no cvi-'bc at lilierty to reproach a fallen
dence of a good, or of a great man, to at- daughter! In such case, what daugh-
tempt by a high hand to force a susjiect- 1 ter may not shelter her frailties under
cd wife into society, or to imagine thatisurh an illustrious example? No true
the tongues of men are to be paralized . patriot would seek distinction, when to
by terror, AVere Gen. .Jackson pos- obtain it, would be to inlVict a stab
sessed of the enlarged, the subdued,, upon the morals, and u])on the female
and ttie corrected intelligence, essenti-; morals too, of his country. The maxim
al to the propi'r discharge of the Presi- of Caesar was a correct one. The wife
dential fiinclions, allc'Ction for his wife, of a distinguished public man, should
and tenderness liir her feelings, would! not only be pure but unsuspected. It
hare decided him never to be a candi- her character be stained with suspicio*,^.

DOMESTIC RELATIONS.

1&

■it affects all around her, the whole
••ommmiity of which slio is the head.

Gen. Jackson cannot be insensible
to the true state of his own case. He
cannot be deceived by the glossing's of
his vindicators; though possibly enough
lie may be mistaken as to public opinion.
But were ho a lofty patriot, such as he
is rcpre>ienled to be. his love of country
would compel him to decline being a
candidate for the Presidency. He
would never consent that the wife of his
"bosom, should be exposed to the ribald
talints, and dark surmises of the profli-
gate or to the cold civility, or just re-
mark of tlie wise and good. He would
never consent that his name should be
associated with sneers at his country,
or with suggestions of evil and danger-

of the country, like a stab into its own
vitals, has been invaded and cruelly
outraged. That some of the members of
the present administratiun of the general
goverjiment. are accountable for the slan-
der and persecution of General Jackson
and his zinfe, is reluctantly, though solemn-
lij asserted. A'o moral distinction can be
draun betzneen the act of hiring a man to
commit a crime, and that of re-uardirig him
after he has committed it; and it is noto-
rious, thai the prostituted 7niscreants, wha
invent and circulate these slanders, are tho
continued objects of ministerial favor, par
tronagc and pay. Hired witli the mo-
ney of the very people wiiose willing^
gratitude and just. admiration, are the
real causes of this defamation and ran-
cour, this foul injustice not only ag-
gravates the demerit of its procurers,
but should endear to his country the

ous examples to her daughters. The

truth of what I have asserted, must be hero w ho sustains it."

felt by every candid man. It presents

an obstacle to the election of Gen. Jack-

•son, which can only be surmounted by

the head-long devotion of party.

The denunciations which have been
uttered against those who consider
Gen. Jackson's domestic relations a

propersubjectofinvcstigation.havenot , ..-i -. i . , ,. ,- ,

been confined to the wdters of news- iP"'>l'shed with rejpect to Mrs. Jackson,

I make no remark upon the principles
avowed, or the language employed ii»
this extract; God help us, wlien such
morals and sucii taste prevail in our
Legislative assemblies! But it is an
actof duty to repel the insinuation, that
Mr. Clay is accountable for any thing

paper essays, or to the declaimers in
booths and taverns; nor have these de-

fer it would be atTectation not to under-
stand the allusion to some of the mem-

ations'bern'Tev^ied only- atThos^e \'f'^ of the cabinet, as being aimed at

iiim. 1 he following extractor a letter
from Mr. Clay, dated Washington,
December 23, 1826, and copy of a let-
ter from myself to Major Eaton, will
show how this matter stands.

nuncia

-who were concerned in perpetrating
ihe alleged otFence. The Legislature
of Tennessee have made them the mat-
ter of a solemn legislative resolve, and
have included '• some of the membei-s
of the present administration'' in their
charges. The following is their lan-

" But the retreats of private life are
nolongersacred. This beloved citi/x'ii,
this genuine republican, venerable for
liis age, illustrious for iiis services, and
>till more illustrious for his inflexible
patriotism, has seen, not only his con-
duct distorted by slander, and his glory | which I had collected, for the purpose
tarnished by calumny, but the partner of an attack upon Mrs. Jackson, which

'• I had a curious call the day before
yesterday from Major Eaton. He came
at the instance of Gen. Jiickson to in-
form me that the General had receiv-
ed a letter from some person in Ken-
tucky, (whose name was not given)
communicating to him, that you had,
during your visit to Kentucky, last
summer, obtained f|j|xn mc, papers

of his bt)som traduced ;ind expo'^ed for
tbe sport of the idle", and malice of
the infamous. That couch which has
so ollen been forsaken, that others
miglit sleep in safety and peace; that

you were preparing; and to enquire if
I had furnished any such pajiers. As
(here was ii(;t a particle of truth in the
communication which had been made
to the General, I of cour>c, contradict-

brcast that hits so often braved danger, edit, adding what is perfectly true,
that others might not even feel its j that I had never seen the papers rela-
alarmsi wliich felt a stain on the honor ting to. the transaction referred to---

ia

ilLSERAV JACKSOX'S

nor did I know that you had. on your'' What use 1 shall make of these docu
ab.ive mentioned visit, procured any ments, and the (acts connected wit)i
sucli papers. I have now, i.o recollec- 'them, must depend upon future events

tion tlial the case of Mrs. Jatk^on form
f (I any topic of coiivcr.-aiion between
us, when you were at Lexington."'

^'■Cincinnati, Jan. 3'/, 1827.

I meditate no attack upon Mrs. Jackson;
I do i.ol view the character of tlie Gen-
eral ii. a hf^iit so favorable as you. and
ma'iy others do, and I propose to use
this afl'air in no otiier manner, than to
Sir, — " I am advised information has j elucidate my estimate of that character,
been communicated to Gen. Jackson,! 1 wish to^luin iio'propcr re-ponsibilitv,
tiiat Mr. Clay had furiii>lied me with land should I make any j)ublicat!Qi , it
certain documents, in relation to Mr'-. ; will be accompanied with my ijame.
Jackson, upon wliich I am preparing; '*This letter is addre-sed to you in a
an attack on her. 1 deem it an act of spirit of frankness, to prevent any mis-
justice to say to you, that this i,. forma- ,coiiceplion of my intention, and any
tion is whollv incorrect. I never re- 1 mistake as to the channels through

ceived fiom Mr. Clay any paper or
document upon that subject; it was
never but once a subject ofconvcrsa-
tioii between us.

" According to my present recollec-
tion, from my eilrlie^l knowledge of

which I derived my information.
Respcclfullv, vours. &:c.

C. HAMMOND.
J. H. Eaton, Esq."

These papers show conclusively
Geii. Jackson's character, 1 had heard j that Mi-. Clay i.-in no respect "account-
exceptions taken to the manner in al)le" for the investigations that have
which his connubial relation was com- taken place, through my agency, afd
menced. I bad heard vaiious stories j they warrant the inference, that he
with respect to it. AtColunilmsinthe has in noway interfered to aid, or
Bummcr of 1C24. 1 enquired of .Mr. i countenance the course pursued, his
Clay, what was the true state of facts, ju^l that he should be exonerated from
He stated, that he knew nothing but by i an imputation so wholly unfounded iiv
report. The relation he gave was pal- i fact.

liatory; and he expressed his opinion | Gen. Jackson's application to Mr.
that the subject ought not to be ! Clay, was cerainly a '• ci/i-/oi(5"'onc. —
brought before the public. I mention- ^\ liilst Gen. Jackson made his domes-
ed this conversation to Col. Ahiln-w lie heartli. and ^ocialcircle. the theatre
Mack of this city, on our return from Ibrutterig various imputations against
Columbus, who is now and was theij, the character of Mr. Clay, what just
a warm supporter of Gen. Jackson for j cause of olTcnce could he taken, liad
ihi' I'residency, and he expressed him- ; Mr. Clay furni>hed papers bearing up-
self entirely satislied with the conduction the General himself, through his
of.^Ir. Clav. I wife or other relation? Suppose Mr.

"It has been for some time nn opin- Clay had collected co))ies of the diller-
ion, that the matter should be investi- ent papers in existence, touching tiir
gated. And 1 set on foot an enquiry divorce of Mrs. Rohards, and had put

to obtain the informal ion, that would
enable me to (le< ide. for niy~elf at least,
how far the public were interested in
it. Fnim .Mr. Wlward Day, a travel-
ling collector for merchants in LJalii-
more, I obtained such reference as cn-
abh'd me to find the application of Roh-
ards for a divorce, addressed to the
Leei^lature of Virginia, i^i 1700: the
Lot;i^lati\e acl that was passed by that
)ody Decemlier ^Oth, of the sam;-
•ear«« and thi> judi'ial iiroceedi'i-.'s
bunded upon it, it) Mercer county, Ky.

these papers in my hands, what ritrhf
had Gen. Jackson toqueslion him al)0ui
it? I can conci'ive of none. General
Jackson had put an end to all rclalioaf
ofaniilv wilb.Mr. Cla\,byhis Swar-
loui letter and oiher slanders. As an
avowed antagonist, Gen. Jackson could
have no just preten'-ion (o prescribe to
Mr. Chiv, the weajions he -hould um-.
or thr m.iiuier in which he should em-
plo> tliiin. It is tlierefore matter of
"liirinut" speiiilaliori what could be
the object of the call, and upon wln-l

/

DOMESTIC RELATIONS.

1*^

ground the General assumed the right |
to make it. The most obvious conclu-|
sion is, that it was made with the in-!
tention of opera iiig as an engine of in- 1
timidalioii. As much as to say, the
standing of my wile shall not be im- ;
pujpied by any man I hold my equal, '
but at the risk of direct responsibility.
If a more apposite explanation he given,
I shall be glad to hear it. I

Tliose who have perused this article,
are now apprised of the ground on
wliic!i 1 have deemed this investigation
a proper and a necessary one. Thcyi
arc possessqd of what 1 think, a just
view of the case. It is for all who have
preteiisiotis to intelligence and candor,
to say, whether the subject is not one,
which it is the right and the duty of a
free and moral people to investigate?
and whether the facts are such, as to
justify the charge of slander and calum-
ny against all. who hav(> dared to speak
plai-'lv, the clear coiniclions ot' tlieir
judi;ments upon it! lam prepared to
abide the sentence of just and reflect-
ing men; of men, who do not judge of
fit' ess and propriety, m reference to
a paricnlar case, but who make the)
broad principles of general right the
fou dation of their judgments. The
censure, or the ai)plausc of those who
accommodate their oi)inions to tiiecir-j
cumstances that surround them is of!
but little consideration. The one in-]
flicts no pain, the other gives very par- [
Hal satisfaction. I

C. HAMMOND, i

APPENDIX
An act coDcernini the inarrinjp of Lewis Rob-
anls (P:issimI the 2011. of December, I'9— .)
Sect. 1 . Be it enacted by the General ^Issem-
6Zy, That it shall, and may be lawful, for
Lewis Robards to sue out of the office of the
Supreme Court of the District of Kentucky,
a wT't ajainst Rachel Rohards, which writ
shall be Iramed by the Clerl<, and expre^^ the
nature of ths ca-e, and shall be published for
eii;ht weeks Bucces'ively, in the Kentucky
Gazette; whereupon the plaintifT may (ile his
declaration in the same cause, ami the de-
fendant Diay appear and plead to issue, in
which case, or if she iloes not appear within
two nonths after such publication, it shall be
set for trial by the clerk on some day in the suc-
ceedins court, but may for cood cause shewn
to tbc Court, be continued until the succeeding
term.

Sect. 2. Commissions to take depo.°itions
and siibnoenis to summon witnesses, shall issue
»s in ntlirr ra^c^:

lished in the Kcntuck/ Gazette, shail be suffi-
cient.

.Skct. 4. A jury shall hi> suminoned, who
shall oe s»iirn well and truly to inquire into
the allegations contained in the declaration,
or to try the issue joined as the case may be,
and shall finl a verdict accorilinp to the usual
mode; and if the jury, in case of issue joined,
shall find IVir the plaintitf, or in case of inquiry
into the truth ol the allegations contain> d in
the declaration, shall find in substance, that tlie
defendant hatk deserted tite jHaiiitiff, and that the
hath lirtd in adultery leith annllie.r man since
sitcli desertion, thi- -aid verdict shall be recorded,
and, Thekevpon, the marriage between the
said Lewis Robajds, and Rachel, shall be total-
ly dissoliid. — Sec Henninj;'s Utaturs al laige,
vol. 12,;xj»e i'2~.

The following is a true extract from the r(i-
cord anil proceeding in the Court of Quarter
Ses-ion*, for the county of Mercer, wlunin
Lewis Rohards is plaiulili", and Rachel Rohards
is defendant.

Kentuckv sct.

Lewis Rohards complains of Rachel Rob-

ards in custody, &c. of a plea of adultery, for

this, ti' wit : That whereas, the said Rachel

ItobariN, on the day of in thi year

17 wa' in due form, according to the law,

joined in the holy bands of inatriiuony, with
the said Lewis R ibards; nevertheless the said
Rachel in violation of her most solemn promise,
did, on the 1st day of July, in the year of our
Loril one thousand seven hundred aud ninety,
elope iVnm her said hu-band Lewis, and live in
adultery with another man, and still continues
with the same adulterer: Therefore the said
Lewis, prays that the said marriage between
the said Rachel and Lewis may be dissolved,
according to an act of .Assembly, in that case
made and proviiled.

J. BROWN, for Plaintiff.
At a Court of Quarter Session--, held for
Mercer count\, at the Court House in Harrnds-
burgh, on the JTth day of September, 1793,
this day came the plaintiff by his attornej , and
j thereupon came also, a jury, to wit: James
j Bradsbery, Thomas Smith, Gabriel Slaughter,
John Lightfoot, Samuel Work, Harrison Davis,
John Ray, Obeiliah Wright, John Miles, John
1 Me-.ins, Joseph Thomas, and Benjamin Sanless,
! who being elected, tried, and sworn, well and
trul) to inquire into the allegation in the ilain-
tilf's declaration, specified upon oath, do say,
that the defendant, Rachel Robards, hath de-
serted the plaintiff, Lewis Robirds, and hath,
and doth, still live in adultery- with another
man. It is therefore considered by the Court,
that the marriage between the plaintiff and
' the defendant be dissolved.
j Mercer sct

I do certify, that the above and foregoing, is
t a true extract from the record in my office. —
! Given under inv hand, as Clerk of the Court
aforesaid, this, bth day of A. -u-t, ims.

TIIO.VLAS ALLEN.

[Note. This transcript of the re-
cord was made out for Mr. Edward
Day, in 1825, at his own request, a:id
without anv suggestion from me. It
was in 182G, that J first convt^rsofl wiifh
him about itv
(?

18

GE.VER.Vt J.VCKSOVS

HanD< finished my stiidiee in the winter of
'80 — 9, it wa' (It-teriuinfil to fix my resilience
m the touDtry ni>K- callirl West Teufmssce. —
Previously u> my departorc from .Mrs. R<ib-
ards's, the old lady cari>e«lly entreated nie to
■1M> my exertions to net her son Lewis, and
diiightcr-in-law Rachel, to live happily to-
gether.

Intimations have been thrown out,' <■'<•<"'■ ''aoghter of the family, at that time, ex
not only that the pfocccding* were (M ' >re='^ the m«=t favorable sentiment; of her.
parlr, hut that the directions of the law
were (-oi ("oMowed, either hy liie mode
of proceed!. ig, or in respect to the
court where the proceedin'j;'^ were had.
Oti this suhject, it is onlv ncccssarv to
remark, that wc are bound to pre-
sume, the . o'lrt took care to see that it "^^''^ ^fPp'at"'" for » considerable time, had
1 1 . . I ,. 1 .L » .1 1 occasioned li.r treat unea'inefs. as she apicar-

had jari-dictioi), .ind that the law un- ed to be much attached to Ltr d:,u?htcr-in.la«-,
der wnich it acted, was complied with. '"'J *he to her. Capt Lewi^ Rohards ap:cnr-
Itnaay be further remarked, that if this ''' to'x'u"J'»^'i'v,a>>'l the old lady told me he
•j . . f • 1 1 r 'P-retted what had taken place, and wisi e<! to

record aoe* not furnish evidence of a berecomiledtohiswife. H< fure I would a-ree
le^al divorce, then the Ge-ieral and''" concern in the matter, I ddrrniim-d toa^-

M.-*. Robardsliave lived in adulterv all '■'''■,''l'''f:''"'' •^"bards' disposiiion from him«.-ic.
., . , . r, ji • • ,• I an . took an occasion to converse «ith him oil

th.ir luer; (or t.ieu is no pretcnre M.e subject, when he assured me of lis re,rct
th.ii -he wa'' ever, in aay other mode, l''''''"cctin: « hat imd pased; that ti.- was con-
divorced from Lewis Robards.] I ''^^Z"^, ]''\. *"'"'.=.'";" "ere unfounded, that he

.May 8lh, 182T.
Dear Sir. — In llie lull of 178T, I became
a hoarder in the family of Mrs. Ro'bards, tht-
inothi r of L>W!S RibarcU, id Mercer con iitj,
Kj Cai>t. Robard'* and '.is wile, then liv d
with old .Mrs. Koburds. I had nut l.ved there

wi=hed to live with hi? .life, and requested that
1 waitd use my excrtioiuto resiorre haruio:iv. —
I told him I Would Uiidertak,- it, providril he
«on!d thrc w .-i e al, n.inscn^ical notions about
jnatou^y, for whirh I was cu. >i .ced there was
no irround. and treat his wife kindit, a« other
men. He assured me itsfiouki be «<>; and it is
impression now, that I received a messaiio

many weeks, before I understood, that Capt 1 1^*"" "''' ■^'f'- '^"•'Hnl--, to Mr--. Lewis Robards,
Robards .ud hts wife hve^l very unhappily, on ' "■'"'^'' ' >'el'vcred to her on my arrival at hf^r

account of his beini je.ilous of Mr. Short 'mother's, where I found h.-r some time in the

M) brother, «ho wa? a boarder, infurrued me l"'""'^"! Kebriary or .March, iTilO The situ-
th;!t ii.'eat uneasiness had eMsted iu the faiuih' •''^"■^" °^ the country induced me to solicit Mrs.
for so e time before my arrival, but .is he hail ^'""'''-0" to boani me, good accommodation^
the onfidence and s;ood will of ail parlies a I"'."' '>"!"■'''"? '"''"S farely to be met with— tj<

portion of his coiifidence fell to my «hare. par-
lii-u. -rly the old laly'-^. than whom, perhaps, a
more amiable woman uevt-r liveil. " The an-

which she readily a-siiitc<l.

-Mr. A. Jackson hai! studied the law st Sal.w-
bury, .\. C, as I uiiderslood, and had arrived

easl'.e.s between Capt. Robards and lady, con- ;'" this country, in company with .Iiid-,'e .Mr-
.;_. .. ; .... .L .. -.. .Nairy, Bennet, Searct, -nd perhans D.i'vid .Al-

lison, all lawyers, seekin- tl eir ibrlur.es, not

tin-i-.; to i<crease, and wilh it, srcat ilisiress
of tlie uiother. and considerably \vith the fauii

ly ,-cnernlly — uuiil earl, in the year IT.l!!, is '""t'e than a month or two before mv anival.
wf II :i= now recidlecte.l, I nnderstooil fn.m the . W'fther Mr. Jackson was at .Mrs. D'onelson's!
old lady, and perhaps others of the family, that *''cn I first pot there in .March, 1T8P, 1 cannot
her ;on Lewis had written to .Mrs Robards' I '"J I if he was, it must have been but a liule
mother, (he widow Donelson, reipiestinir thai ' '''""• ^h' ''npfc'sion now is, thai he was not
she wouM tiike her home, as he did nol intend ''*'"" there, and having just arrivci!, I inlro-
to live with h>r any loncer. tertain it is. ihal .''"ceil hiju into the family as a boarder, alter
Mrs. Roharils'- hp'ther, samui 1 Doi el-on, came i •>' cou.inir acquainlcil with'l.im. So i; was, we
uptocarr\ her down to her mother's ami nn Icoinnicnreil boiirdini; there, about Ihe same
iiniTession i«, in ihe fill or sunnmr of 17K0 I jtime. Jacks.in and myself, our frirn.is, and cli-
was prc'cnt Hhen Mr. Samuel Donclson, ar- *^'''*> ^c. nccup) in:; one cabin, and the family-
rived at Mrs llohards's, and when he start, d ' «"olher, a few steps from it.
uvta\ wilh 1ms sister, and mv clear and distinct i ^°' " *'^'cf "')■ arrival, I ha.! frr.iucnt con-
rceolleciionis, thatit was said to he a final -ep- virsations wiih .Mrs. Lewis Robards, on the
arn'inn at the instmce .' Capt. Kobards—for |S'il>iect of iun? hapj ili with hor husband—
1 well recollect the distress of old .Mr-. Rohanls, I -'"' w't'> niuch sensibility, assurejl me, th it no
0-. account of her daeght. r in law, Rachel, I '""^"^ '"''"'"> "•'•J"''' 'wwimtiii.e on her part :
g..in!; away, on account of .be scpiiraii.fi that I"'"' ' cnmmiiriicateil the result to Captain
w-!s about to take place, toi;ether with Ihe cir-l •^"'"""'''"""' '"' "'olhcr, from b.ilh of whom
ciimsianoe of ttic oM Unix's embracing her-af ' ' ffceived coiiirralnlations and thai.ks. Capl.
feciionaiely. In unr(.si-rve<i convf rs.nians wilh 'tobards had previously purchased a pre-emp-
nif. the old lady always blamed her son Lewis, '■'"' '" '''•' county, on the south side of Cum-
unrl lot7k the part of her daughter in-law berland river, in 'Uavidsoii coiii.tv, about five

Ifirin,' mv residence in Mr- Kohirds's fam- ! 11?''',.'/'°'" ""*"'" ^'r' '^■''^'•''"■. """' I'vd-
iU, I doHorreeollcl to have heanl any of ,V ' ['„ '"• " '••'"f^""-"' f°' '!^ "-"•"on between

.,.if. f .F.., ,i,»,,M ,„S.Z,. S," ,i.,;'; ■ , i "T.;,'', •"•""'," '•■"•-''•y m-^i «i...i

DOMESTIC RELATIONS.

19

united to his wile «ouic tiincia the jcar KtiC, <ir
1789. Both Mr. J;ir,k>oii and lUMrCll' boiirct
odiiitue fiimil> o( .Mr>. Uonclson— lived in the
ciibin room, ami slupt m the same bed. As
youiii; men <■( the same pursiiu« iiiid |>rol'es?ioi),
with but t'tw oUur«i in the coiiiitrv, with whii.n
to associalf — besiiles -harinu', as wc fiei)iiemly
did, common danaers, such an intimacy cii-
sucil, a« mi^lit reasonably be ex|iectod.

^ot irany months elapsed, bckire Robards
became jealous of J acliSDii, which I felt conti-
dent was withou' the least gruuiid. Somi' ol
his irritating coiiver«ilion on thi-* snbjecl,
with his wile, I lieard amidst the ti ars of her-
self and her mother, who were greatly distress-
ed. I urjjed to llobards th^ unmanlines." of his
coniluct, after flie pains I liad taken to
produce Uarnionj, as a mutual I'rici d oi both
families, and my honest convietion that his
suspicions were i:rouiiflless. Th'-si- remon>tr.tn-
ces seemed not to have the desired effect; as
much commotion and unhappinees prevailed in
the family, as that of iSIr. Robards in Ken-
tucky. At length, I communicated to Jackson
tlie unpletisarit situation of living in a familv,
where there was so much dis'urbance, and con-
cluded by telling him, that we would endeav
our to get some other place; to this he re:idily
assented, but where to go, we did not know.
Being conscious of his innocence, he 'aid he
would talk to Uobards. What passed between
Capt. Robards and Jackson, I do not know, as
1 WIS absent some where, not now recollected,
when the conversation and results took place,
iiiit returned soon afterwards. The whole af-
fair was related to me by Mrs. Donelsou, (the
mother of Mrs. Roba|d«) and as well as 1 re-
collect, hy Jackson hftsclf. The sub-tance of
Uieir acccouiitAvas, that Mr. JacUson met Capt.
Robarils near the orchard fence, and began
mildly to remonstrate with him, respecting the
injustice he had done his wife, as well as him-
self. In a little time Rnbarils became violently
angry and abusive, and threatened to whip
Jackson, maile a show of djing so, &c. Jack-
son told him he had not bodily strength to fight
him, nor should he ilo so, feeling conscious
of his innocence, and retired to his cabin, tel-
ling him at the same time, that if lie in-
sisted on fighting, he would give hini gentleman-
ly s itifaction, or words to that effect. Upon
Jackson's return out of the house, f'apt. Rob-
ards said that ho did not care for him nor his
wife — abusing them both — that he was deter-
mined not to live with Mrs. RTibanls Jack-
son retired from the family, and went to live at
Mansker's station. Capt. Robards r< luained
several months with his wite, and then wf nt to
Kentucky in company with Mr. Thomas Cru-
ther, and probably some other persons.

Soon after this affair, .Mrs. Rob;irds went to
live at Col. Hays', who marned her sister.—-
After a short absence, I returned to live at Mrs.
Donelsoii's, at her earnest entreaty, every fami-
ly then desiring the association of male friends,
»s a protection against the Indians. This af-
fair took place, to the best of my recollection,
in the sprint: of I'OO. Some time in the fall
following, there was a rnport afloatj,thatCapt.
Rohard- intended to come down and take liis
wife to Kcntueky ; whence it oriijinated, I do
not now recollect, but it created great uneasi-
ness, both with Mrs. Douelson and her daugh-
ter, Mrs. Robards; the latter of whom, was
nioch distressed, as s\x wa» convuic"'! aftfr two

'air trials, as she said, that it would be impos-
sible to live with Capt llobards, and ol this
opinion was I — with all tlei?< 1 conversed with,
who were acijuaitited with the cij^cuuistaiices.
Some time allerwaids, during the winter of
1791, Mrs. Doiielsnii told me of hi r daughter's
intention to go ilowii the river to .Natchez, to
some of their friend^, in order to kiep out of
the way jf Capt. Robards, as she said, be haxl
thre (tened to " haunt her.'' Knowing as I aid,
Capt. Robards's unhappy jcahus disposition,
and his temper trowing out of it, I thought she
was right to keep out of the way ; though do
not believe that I so expressed myself to the
Old lady, or any other person.

The whole alfair gave Jackson great un-
easiness, and this will not appear strange to
one as well acquainted with his character as
I was. Cotditiuallv together during our at-
tendance on wilderness courts, whilst other
young men were induliring in familiariti.'s with
females of relaxed morals, no suspicion of this
kind of the world's ctiisure, ever tell to
Jackson''s share. In this — in his singularly
delicate sense of honor, and in what I thought
his chiv.alrous conceptions of the female sc\, it
occurred to me, that he was distinguishable
from every other person with whom I was ac-
quainted.

About the time of Mrs. Donelson's commu-
nication to me, respecting her daughter's inten-
tion of going to Natchez, 1 perceived in Jack-
sn, symptoms of more than usual concern. 1
determined to ascertain the cause, when he
frankly told me, that he was the most unhappy
of men, in havinj innocently and unintention-
ally been the cause of the loss of |)eace and
happiness of Mrs. Robards, whom he believed to
he a fine woman ; in this [ concurred with him,
but remonstrated on the propriety of his not
giving himself any uneasiness about it. It was
n it long after this before he communicated to
me his intention of going to Natchez with Col.
Star'^, with whom Mrs. Robards was to des-
cend the river, sayinsr that she had no friend
or relation that would go with her, orassistin
preventing Stark and his family, an I Mrs. Rob-
arils frombeinj massacred by the Indians, Ihen
in a state of war, and cxceclingly troublesome.
Accordingly, Jnrkson in company with Mrs.
Robards and Col Stark, a vener.ihie and
hijhiy esteemed old man, and friend of Mrs.
Robards. went down the river from Nashville,
to Natchez, some time in the winter or spring of
1791. It was not however, without the urgent
entreaties of Col. Stark, who wanted protection
from the Indians, that Jackson consented to ac-
company them, of which I ha<l heard before
Jaeksrtn's conversation with me, already al-
luded to.

Previously to Jackson's starting, he com-
mitted all his law business to me, at the same
lime nssnsiniT me, that as soon as ho should see
Col. Stark ami fan.ilv, and Mrs. Robarils situ-
ated with their friends in the neighborhood of
Natchez, he woulil return and resume his prac-
tice. He descended the river; returned from
Natchez to Nashville, and was at the superior
court in the latter place, in May, 1791, attriid-
dinj to his busines-s as a lawyer 'ind soHcitoi-
(reu. for the Govt. About, or shortly aftei-
this time, we were inforin^d lb t a divorce had
been granted by the Legislature of Va. through
Ithe intlomcj, nrinei<«tfy, of Capt Rdhards''

ao

'GENERAL JACKSON AND THE

«EN. JACKSON AND TIIEAMEHICAS
SVSTKM.

The promiiicMt supporters of Gen.
Jackson in t!ic \vo?t. are awari-. that
unless the peo|)lf ran be derieveii iiiio
a belief that tiic H' ro i? fiicndlv lo ilic

brotlier-iii-law, Maj. John Jouet, who was prob-
abU ill the l^i-;^i-lature at that time

This application had been antici'ated by
inc. Thi- divorce Jvas uutientood by the peo-
ple of this country, to have been era' tfil h_v
the Leijislaturc of Va., in the >ri:i»er of I7PI) —
1791 ; I was ill Keiitunkv in the siininierof 1791,

rcmaiii'd at oM .Mr>. llobanU' mv former -

place of residence, art of mv time, iiir.l never 'e^l'l'Dg niea>Ures ol t .e piVSCDt Ad-
unilcrstood otherwi-e than that Capt. llobanJs" I ministration, and e-|)eciailv to that »VS-
d.vorce wa, fi. al, uot.l H" ial'*;' Part of the ■ j,,^ ^,- y ^| j ,, ,,.^^ ," adopted

year 1793. In tlie «u.n .crol 1 ,91, Gen, Jack- ; r . » • , .

son went to Natchez, and I understood, mar-|Iorthe protection ol the o;reat inten sts
ried Mrw Robiird*, then believed to be freed i of Agriculture and IMaimf.icturts, all
from Cap. Kobards by the div.,rce ; in the | ,,q ^f eleclinir him lo the Pre>ideaCy
fall of 1791, returned to Nusb.dlc, »ctlle'l "> ', , . i'^ . i ,- /

the neiphhorhood of it; where fiiev hive live-lj must be abandoned; heiice, we h.id»

ever since, bel.,ved and esteemed by all rli^-cs | thai hi* friends, a,S they are falsely
About the month o. Occember, 1"9', alter ^ ,..,|ig |f,.,,j^ .^^ Senators, (who ex-

Gen. J.ickson and iinscll had slur'cd to Joiii-s i , .u ■ i •.• i

borough, in East fennessee, where we prac- P^ct lO promote their own amblllon by

E

tised law, I learnt for the first time, that Capt
Robards had applied to Mercer court, in Ky.,
for a divorce, which had tiicn, recently been
granted; and that the Lci;islatiire had not ab-
solutely granted a divorce, but left it for the
court to do. I need not express to you my fiit.
irise, on learning that the act of the Vireinia
Legislature, nad not divorced Capt. Robards.
I informed Gen. Jackson of it, who wis equally
surnrijed; anH ilurins our convetsation. I sug-
gested the propriety of his proourinc: a license
on his return home, and havin; the murriagf
ceremony apain performed, so as to prevent al'
future cavilling on the subject.

To this supscslion, be replied, that he hm!
long since been married, on the belief that a i!i-
vorceliad bt-en obtained, which was the under-
standinc of every person in the country; nor
was It vvilhout difficulty he could be induced to
believe otherwise.

On o;ir return home, from Jonesborough, in
January, 1791, lo Nashville, a licence was ob-
tained,"and the marriage ceremony performed.
The slowness and inaccuracy with which in-
formation was received in West Tennessee, at
that lime, will not be surprisiin:. n hen we con-
sider its insulated and d in:;eroiis situation, sur-
rounded on every side by a wilderness, and b\
hostile Indians,' and that there wis no mail
citabluhcd, till about 1797, as well as I recol-
lect.

Since the year 1791, G.n. Jackson and ray-
self, liavc never been much a aeart, except « hen
be was in the ariiiy. 1 have been intimate in
Ills family, and from the mutual and uninter-
rupted happiness of the Gen. and Mr-. Jack-
son, which I have at nil times witnessed ivilh
iileasure, as w.ell as those delicate and polite
atti-iitioiis which have ever been mntiiiilly re-
ciprocated botweeo them, I have been loll-
conlirmed in the opinion— that there never ex-
isied any otimr than what was believed to be
the most honorable and virtuous inlcrcoiirse l)e-
tw€-eii them. Before their going to Xutcliez, I
had daily opportunities of being conyinenl that
there was none other; beiorc being married in
the Natchez onimtry, alter it was iinderstooti
that a divorce had been granted by the l.egi>-
Uitiiro of Virginia, it is believed there was
Done.

JOHN OV KRTON.
Thi' Hon. R. C. FosTKii,

Cli!^nt<inof t/iticIcctCom-pxHice.

his elevation) down to such tools as
the editors of tlie Republican and Ad-
vertiser, who are paid as their work
proceed>: all labour inrcssaiitlv to niis-
li-ad tlie people, aiid betray them into
the hands of their enemies.

In the free states, the citizens arc
told that the H'-ro is a friend to roads
and canals, ai.d to tlie American S\s-
icm; and this is asserted with ^U(■!l.
daring effrontery, that hundreds and
perhaps llsousaiids of will nKaiiing
people, unacijuaintfd with the black
arts of unprincipled demagogues, give
credit to the falseliood.

Every art is practised, and every
trick resorted toby profligate and des-
perate hircli;ii;s;, I'or the pnipo«eof cor.-
ceaJi! g the truth, and preventing the
people from examining for tiiemselves.
Noise, violence, and intolerance, art
made to sup])ly the place of arguuienl;
obJeclioMs are replied to. by a loud irv
of'^IIiizza for J;ickson!" "the hero of
Orleans ai;d of lyvo wars'.! the .second
Washinglon!!!" I?ut these tricks will
not deceive much longer they become
stale; tlie people begin to inquire lor
information, they ;tsk for proof — aiui
lliey siiall have abundani [inHil that
Gen. Jackson was broui^hi ('orw;ud,
and is now supported chiellv by thosu
st:ites, and those persons, who h;ive
been, and now arc most distingui^iled
among tlie enemies of internal improve-
ments, and domestic manufactures.

Gen. Jackson was fii-st nominated iu
Tennessee, in which stale he re?ides;
lie has an exlensive landed ctale t lere,
and large numbers of s|;ixcs, who-e la-
bour is priticipally employed in th*^-

AMERICAV SYSTEM.

»!

culiivation of cotton. His long resi-
dence lias allbiHlfd to llie cidzins of
that state, an opiiortunity of k.iowing
his seiiliments upon poliliial ((uestions
of importance; it niiisl Im- presumed
tiiey do know tlicm, and that his senti-
ments and tiieirs are in unison; what
then arc theiropinions in regard to 1^1-
tcriial impro\ements and domestic
manuliictures? The votes of tlicir re-
presentatives in Congress afford a con-
clusive answer to this (luesllon.

On the bill of 1818, to protect do-
mestic manufactures in the House of
Representatives, the journals show,
that six votes from Tennessee were
against it.

On a similar bill of 18-21. all seven
votes of Tennessee were against it.

On the tariff of last session, all the
votes of Tenness e, except one absent,
were against tlse bill.

[n the Senate the votes upon the
same bill stood thus:

For.

Jlgainst.

Mnenl.

7 Northern States, II

0

3

8 ^otittiern Stiites,

n

4

4 Middle Slates 3

4

1

5 Western States, 6

4

20

20

The bill was lost by the casting vote of
.lohnC. Caliioun, Vice Presid>'nt, aiid
thus the most important bill lor the
Acrirultural interest of the Eastern,
Western, and Middle Slates, that ever
came belbre Coinrress, was rejected.
It is remarkaijle thai not a single vote
of ill;' T''nni'=3ee delegation, was given
in lavor ofeiihcr of those three bills.

It will i;ot be denied tiiat Gen. Jack-
son Is the favorite candidate of the
Southern States, and that he has been
warmlv supported by Virginia, North
and South Caroliiia, Georgia, Alabama,
Mississippi, and his own state, the
whole ol' whose Representatives voted
against everv tariff bill, from the vear
1818, to the" present time. Will it be
believed, that the Southern politicans
are ignorant of the opinions held bj the
person whom tliev have selected as a
candidate for the Presidency/* or that
they would support him with a knowl-
edge that he entertained opinions di

their hostility to which, is so violent,
that the) tlireaten to se'cede from the
union, rather than submit to its opera-
tiois. Can it be p()-sii)l<- tiial any man
believes tlie Souliierr. [leopleare so ig-
norant or so stupid? No man believes
it who possesses common sense, and
none but designing knaves, will even
pretend to bcli<ve it. The Sou!!ierii
politicians weJl nndersiai.d the opni-
ionsofthe Hero upon (his subject, and
publicly dc' lare tlieir preference of
Gen. Jackson, to be only a choice of
evils. They prefer him because he
suits their purpose; he h opposed to the
vinvs of the people of the free states, and
is opposed to the 'Kiinerican Si/steui:''
they prefer him because he will pre-
fer southern men, and southern mLiis-
ures: thev prefer him because he is a
slave holder, and identitied with tluni
in every ihterest which distinguislies
the slave from the free states of tnis
union.

The Southern supporters of General
Jackson, so far as tlie tariff question is
concerned, act consistently, for tiiey
have always been hostile to that policy..
They believe that " our workshops
should be in Europe." Tlie same opin-
ion was formed and expic-cd at an
early period, by her distinguislied citi-
zen, Thomas Jefferson, but afterwards,
was, by him, renounced as erroneous,
and destructive to the best interests of
our rounti'}.

The Southern people arc not dc-
cieved; they know tliat Gen. Jackson
'is their friend, that unle,-s they can^
elevate him to the Presidency, all hopes
of prostrating the American System
must terminate.

One of the Jackson Editors in Cin-
cinnati, a few days since declared i'' a
paroxysm of rage, "that the woUens
[bill ot'last session] was conceived in vil~-
luitvj^ and brought forth in hypocrisy^''
but the old gentleman is a foreigner,
and in the same paper which contains
the above extract, says, "that he heart-
ily accords with tlie sentiment,"' -'that
we have reason to distrust the patriot-
ism of tliose, wlio in controversies vvitli
other nations, t.ike any side but tiiat of

rectly opposed to their own; and that their country." The old gentleman is
too on a question which they consider sometimes indiscreet in blabbi: g too
•SO important to thgm.^as tjigi tariff; 'niueli. but be "talccs side with his coua-

23

GE.\En.4.L JACKSOX, AND THE

try." It is said ih;it liis intemperance ]
has fret|ut:iiil) been censured .it the i
Hermitage, under tlie impressioii tliat,
he does more liarm liian good to the
cause of tile Hero. |

No man should be blamed for enter- 1
taining good feelings towards the coun-
try whicii gave liini birth; ad in the
case before us, the old gectk-man ex-
presses the^anu'0)iinioii oftlie woollens
bill which is enterlained by hiscoun-j
trymen both on tliis side of the water,
and Great Britain. "Tliey take side
with their coui-lry." \

A Riclinio.' d jiaper says: "the Lon- 1
doh Times and Courier, the !cadi"g.
lory papers, have espoused the cause
ofGen. Jackson." They think him!
most fit lor president, and they wir.li i
him success. After the Revolution,!
and until the war of 1 Gl 2, Great Brit- [
.lin endeavored to destroy this uriion, ;
by delacliing the New Kiigl and Su'ites. |
7"'hat game failed: the policy now is,,
to sow discontent in the Southern
States, and through their dislike to the
taritr, either bring about a repeal of |
that measure, whicli has given a vital ;
stab to her inaruif icturing prosiieritv. !
or a dissolution ol the union! Hence |
the ministerial journals advocate (Sen. |
Jackson, and hence we see certain gen-
tlemen here, wlio have always been
herstcadfast advocates, in every dispute
between iier and their own counlrvv^ec-
onding her views also^i this occasion.
English politiiians now liiink, that this
union may be most eirectually assailed
from the . ioutn.

The supporters of Gen. Jackson m
the South, are as decidi-dly hostile to
internal im|)rovements, as they are lo|
domestic manufactures; and to prove |
thi>, we will again refer to-the journals
of Congress.

On a bill authoriz,ii\g a subscription
of stock in the turnpike from Colum-
bus to Sandusky, every serialorial vote
from Virginia, Nortii and South Canv
lina, Georgia and Tennessee, was !
against it, except i\lr. llaton who was ;
absent. j

On motion to strikeout an appro-]
priation (in a bill from the House ol j
Representatives) for surveys in aid ofj
internal improvements, the same vo!
was given as in tlie last case, includiii',''

Mr. Eaton and Mr. Rowan, in favors
of the motion.

Oti engrossing a bill for the repair
and proteciion oft: eCuriiberla:.d road,
all the senators from tlie slates a..ove
named, were agai; st the bill except
Mr. Eaton: Mr. Rowan absent.

But a proposition tlie object of v\-hich
was to reduce the revenue,and thereby
deprive the goven;meni of ti;e means
necessary to make intereal impiove-
ments,very readily meeis the suj>port
of Southern g«M,iiemen. Thus on a
proposition to reduce the duty on for-
eign wii'.cs, cotiee, and tea, every sena-.
t'T from the eig!>t Southern States,
voted for ihe measure, except four « ho
were absent.

Enough has been shown, to prove
that the friends of ihe Hero are not the
friends of interral improveri'enis nor
liomestic inanulactures; it has !>ecn
shown tiiat his o" n slate is opposed to
both. ai>d identilied as iieiswitli south-
ern i lerests, being a slave hold' r and
ciiltivatoi ol Southerri products, (he
conclusion is irresistible that the Hero
himself, is also an enemy.

Were he ati open ei-.emv, tiiere
would be notliingto fear — but l.e i.-an
enemy in disguise. It is true, that in
the South lie is known to be an enemy,
but in the ^Vest his advocates sny he is
n friend to the tarilf. A^d the Hero
himselfcountenances his friends ii rall-
ii'g him what tiiev please; hecare^ not
a straw, so that t!ie\ make him Presi-
dent; hence he pursues what he call?
ajudicious course — taking care so to
express his opinion as to admit a con-
struction favorable to both sides.

The Richmond Enquirer, a leading
Jackson paper, says: "as to con-
stitutional nuestions, we k!;ow I'rom a
letter we saw many months since i(;»-
dcr Gen. J.ickiion^f oirn fuind, never in-
tended to be u-ed, tb.at he was astonish-
ed and startled by the extravagant en-
croachments supported in l\Ir. .Adams"
first messatje." Here is a lurther evi-
denci'ofGen. Jackson's political senti-
ments, liul Ills Iriln jnis nrctr intended
li/bcusedl For what purpose was it
written? tlie Cincinnati Gazette gives
the true answer.

'•To let Mr. Ritiliie a;id the Rich-
mond Junta know what he dare i>ot le;

DOMESTIC sTsmr.

23

the VVostcr . j>ei.i)l ■ k uw, '..ar In- is up
posrito inlernal Improvemrtil ami riomcslic
iri'imtfaclnm:: Virgiiu-i i-'^ opposed to
tlie taritr, but her support is essential
to tlic eliclion of Gen. Jacksoii. Hi-
writes private letters, ["'never into .dcd
to be u-ed!""] to let the lea(l<rs at Rich
niond kiiow, that he is startled at Mr.
Adam's encroarlimeiUs upon tlie coo-
stinitioi). This tieiiip; interpreted,
tneans llipt he coincides in sentiment
\vit;i Virginia, and that she may give
him her voles witii saCeiy to her inter-
est-. How many private letter^ "■ necfr
intruded to be used" the General has
written, we know not. One designed
lor the puiilic we well remember. In
that lie expressed no fear of Mr. Ad-
am's adminisi ration or measures. —
it was inteiidcd to he used! He
knew it would be seen in the North
and West, as well as in the Sou h, and
was so'-jurlicioiis'''' as to l)e rlaimed by
both parties. The Richmond folks
■wanted something more explicit. In
the above extract he gave it: and it is
on this ground, we have no doubt. lie is
sujipor cd by the ar'stocracy of that
city v,i h so much fervor. But Ritchie
will be called to an account for blab-
bing— *■' the lellerwas never intended l!> be
rscdr

'•Cir'How long is it since General
Jackson began to be ^'■ai-lonislied nnil
alirmcd at encroachmrnis upon the Con-
ftiltilion .' .'"'

Again. At a meeting of General
Jackson's friends,' on the 29th of August
last, at Clairborne in Alabama, to take
into loiisidcraiion the policy of protect-
ing domesiic manufactures, by an in-
crease of duty on foreign importations:
a rcsoluti(.n was adopted, ■' that all du-
ties, except such as may be necessary
for revenue, or for the purpose of ad-
vancing the interest of some of the
United States, at the expense of the
rest are impotilic and unjust, and that
the taritTof 182j, particiilailv on the
articles of hemp, cotton bagging, and
cotton good>, was unjust, and unequ;il
in its operations, and oppressive to the
Southeni Atlantic States, and that the
duties imposed by that law should be
reduced."'

AVhalwill our farming and manufac-
T'lring friends in Mnrvland, Pcnnsrlva-

la. iS'evv ,K rse}, New York, aiid Ihfi
Western slates say to this? Will tlicy
shut their eyes to evidence, and consent
to be hoodwinked and iinjiosed upon by
the partizans of Gen. Jackson, who
laNely represit him to be a friend of
Naiional I' dustry, and American man-
ufichires? After the repeated proofs of
liosliliiy to the tariff, shewn by the
•supporters of the General in the South-
ern States, can any one doubt as to the
General's own sentiments upon this
subject? No one can doubt that the
General must support those who sup-
port him — the southern cotton grow-
ers.

Gen. Jackson and his followers may
play upon words, and prate as mucli
as thcv please about "n judicious tarijf','''
but they dare not come out openly and
avow in the Southern States, that the
Hero is a friend to the protection of
American Matiufactures. His strength
lies in the Southern States, and were,
his I'riends (here to use the same argu-
ments in his favour by which they seek
to make him popular here, his interest,
would be destroyed in a moment —
hence we find that in our section of the
union, he is falsely said to be a friend
to the tariff, while on the other he is
known to be an enemy — and is publicly
supported upon that ground.

General Jackson has been fre(juently
called upon for his opinions on this ques-
tion; why does he not come boldly be-
fore the public, and put the matter at
rest ? "//e seeks no concealment." Let
iiim then without equivocation, at
or.ce answer the question. Is he friend-
ly to the woollens hill rejected by the
casting vole of the Vice Preside;.! la-it
winter? The prosperitv of the agri-
cultural and rnanufac'uring interest of
the country hangs suspended npon thi.s
question; hundreds and thousand of
the American people are uiixiousl/
a^s-aiting its decision.

The people will not be satisfied with
such a reply as may be interpreted
to mean one thing on the South, and
another on the North of the Potomac.
The American people ought to
know what were the "^ extravagant en-
croachments"' to which the General al-
luded ill his letter 'under his own hand,'
which was seen bv the editors ef thct

:A

P.VnTIEK— -POLITICAL STATISl'ICg.

Ri'li.iiond E quirer — LiU u-hich u-oa I tiieii would have been suflicient cause
never intrn'ted lo be used. Will the Gpiij for makiiig so much din a.d bustle;
enil permit his am lition to tiiumpli but a.- no o'C is I'ool-hardv cuou-^h to
over lis political iiitcgrity; and, by | say that society labours under anv of
filivouding his opiriii,n> in obscurity, . these periluu- evil-, thc-re can be no
Avoim himself into the hishest otHc<; in other conclusion drawn than that the
tlic gift of a free, but unsuspecting pco- j party cxeilfinent of the present da>
pie? It is to be -hoped that he will i springs from that eAon .sptriV, the powei
rather attempt to imitate the example , of (7//6fro/ seitioiml pnjwlice. Down
of the champion of the American Sxs-j with the Yankee.-! wasthe placard of
tem, Hfnrv C'lav, who with that fnink- ' the New Yorkers, aid of course it fol-
ness a:id tearless independe;.ce, which lows, up with the slave holders. Down
peculiarly be land's to his character, with republic ani-in, and up with aris-
gave the whole force of his geniu- and tocracyl Down with civil rule. a\\<\
talents, to the support of the tariff of , up wiih military dictation! Down
1824, altliough he knew that by doii.'g' with the penurious Re|)ublican Gov-
so, he should i^ive a death l»!ow to all erninei>t, and upon with a stroag and
hopes of .-upport from the Southern ^ splendid one! — The opposition is con-
States, to his claim for tiie Preside icy. j ieiuling for no imf«)rtant principle vio-
Ilis sentiments were always under- lated: neither does the clamor pro-
stood — he wrote no letters '•/i<-.erj/tyf;i6/-'ceed upon the old partv grounds, be-
Gcl to be useiP'' — his opinions were inc.- cause the measures of the g<,veri>meat
preyed every where alike — he. in Irnth are purely republican. It may lear-
sought no conccidincn!. | lessly be demaiidid. wliat has the pre--

sent adminisiration done to forfeit the

— 's^QP — ;coii|idei:ce of the countr\ ? Has it

lacked zeal in the public service? Has

PARTins. its measures been marked with any hos-

It will no doubt be recorded in the tility to republican principles? Why is
history of this couilry,' as one of the it not as wortiiy of support and co:!li-
most extraordinary events of the pres- d<-:iceas any of the preceding admin-
ent time, the unprecedented partv pro- istrations? Is tiie noisv, senseless cry
cecdings against the ensuing govern- 1 to be raised, and the watchword given,
ment of the United Slates. Such down with New England! — Savs John

has been the dextrous perseverance
with which '-trilles light as air'' have
been magnified into matters of impor

of Roanoke. — When we gel i/ou doten
again, <rrV/ nnil t/ou to the counter like
bnsr mnnrt/: and Gen. Jack-on is to be

tanre, that considerate ]>eople have the instrument to nail tu! or bni/onet u>
Ijeen amazed at the stir, strile, and c\- doirn. What think you, shall he not
citement, wliich has been made to meet with some resistance ! — Bofl. Pat.
spring up without any legitimate, or j BUNKER-HILL.

even tangible cause. The members of !
the government have been i onslantly !
kept upon the defensive. The a«:saii-!
ants availing themselves of every spe- ]
cies of ambuscade, whether in ditch,!

defile, bog, brarnl)le, bush, fence, tree.

rOMTirAL STATISTICS.

Wf have often heard the manner o\
Mr. Adams' election objected to, and

or wall; now creeping upon all fours, nothing is more common than to, hear
now upon hands and knees, now dodg-, hi« opponents declare, that he was not

ing, now cringing, twisting, and turn-
ing in every possible direction, like the
wiley serpent, whose everv movement
is guile atid deceit. Had there l)een
any real grievance to complain of,

such as embargoes, non-intercourse, what evidence have we that be was
war, taxes, oppressinii.persecuiion,con- not the choice of (he people. The
spiracles against lile and liberty, there,' election IxMngcast into die House df

the choice of the people. As to the
manner.it was such as is pointed out
bv the constitution of the land, and we
slwuld tlierefore, suppose it to be in
tliat respect utiobjeclionable. But

PaiJTTr \l. si ATISTU S.—TO <if.N. A\I)«V'\V JArKSON.

S5

R"prcscntalivc's, the members ol' tbnl ihwvired and ninety ihousandpnc hundred
bofl^- rfpre>ci>ti!i2 their scvenil vtnt" \'ind elg/i/y too more freemen than those
sovcrcisjMtieshacl (oart for the people, did who voted (or Gen. J.'.eksoii, and

Nov.- lot >i? «ee how the accoiirit i.tar;d'^.
and what portion of the frcenner.of th'
nation Trcre represented hy the states
which voted for Mr. Adam«.as well a-^
the otiier candidate:

Accordiig to

hree niiihon, two hundred sixty eight
thousand, six hundred and filly four
more tlian did those who supported
Mr. Crawford; and it will he seen fur-
ther, that they also represented ou';
th> last censu--, tlie frrr 7i-hilr populntion million one hundred k. tliirty three ihoii-

of the United States (exclusive of tlie
district of Columhia, which has no
voice in the matter) amounted to seve'
millions, nine hundred and eishteen
thousand, three hundred and forty
seven: and were thus distrihuted: in

Vrrmont,

.

-

-

234.8-(b-

.M.unc,

-

-

-

29:.\;-io

Now lluinijshirc.

-

-

2J3,-2.>J

Ma«iacliiiselt5,

-

-

510,419

Rlio.lc l--!anJ,

-

.

-

79,113

Connecticut,

-

-

-

2fiT,lKl

New York,

-

-

-

l.;!3 2,744

Neiv Jersey,

.

-

-

257,409

Pennsylvania,

-

-

-

l,017,i)M

Delaware,

-

-

-

35,282

Jlarylaud,

.

-

.

260,J22

\'irginia,

-

-

-

6jJ,n74

North Carolina

,

-

-

4I!',2'">

-Diith Carolina

,

-

-

237,440

Georgia,

-

.

189^506

Alabama,

-

-

96,245

Louisiana,

-

-

73,?,J3

Mississippi,

-

-

42,175

Tennessee,

-

-

339,727

Kentucky,

-

-

434,e-!4

Misbourij

-

-

65.988

InJiana,

.

-

145.758

Illinois,

-

-

53.788

Obio,

-

-

57t>,572

Of these,

the states

of

New Hampshire,

Maine,

X'trinont,

Mas;a<

husefts.

nhuile Island,

Connecticut,

New York,

Maryland,

Kentucky,

Ohio,

Louisiana,

Illinois

Missouri,

sand two hundred and five more free-
men than did tliosc who voted for
Gen. Jackson and J\Ir. Crav/ford, to-
gether. Surely no freeman can com-
plain that thisconstitutionaldccisio;! led
to the result. — Albany Adv.

TOGEX. ANDREW JACKSON.

Sir — It must be known to you t!ia!
the last Presidential election was con-
ducted upon principles altogether for-
eign to the old party distinctions of
Federalist and Republican. Whether
it was right or v. rong to desert the old
landmarks of party, it is now too late
to enquire — it is suScient for us to
know that such was the fact, and tlial
the election proceeded entirely upon
new grounds. I need not adduce
proofs to substantiate this remark, for
you well know tliat every candidate in
t!ie field could number in the train of
his supporters, prominent and influen-
tial men in botii iiolitical sects. Some
eflbrts were made to keep alive ancient
feuds; but new interests -had arisen,
and they were soon laid aside.

Tiie new subject of party contest is
equally well ui.dcistood. In brief

embracing a free vhile. population of i '=i'-gi'='^<^ 't '^•'.v he called the -Do.mev
-1,5-25,776, voted for Mr. Ad.*ms.
The states of

TIC System," and it is about this, so far
as principle is concerned, that the Amer-
Vennsylvania, »can people are now divided. The

'iVnnessee, system embraces Internal improve-

Missisiipi, ments, at the expense cf the National

emS.racing a free uhite Dop*/o/w,i of ?°'"'=''''':"'="f'''''^ ^''« ^"'^^"'•"^'^™'^''t of
-'.135,564, voted forGen. Jackson. DomesUc Manulactures,by proleclinij

New Jersey,
ijoutli Carolina,
Iniliana,
Alabama,

The states of

D' la ware,
Vii'?inia,

Xorlli Carolina,
Georgia,

duties. I allude to the protection of
such articles only as we have the
means of manufacturing at home, and
to such duties, as will exclude foreign
embracing a free vhiie pr/pxdnlion of competition. The present adminislra-
1,257,122, voted for Mr. Crawford. jtioiiof ihc Government have indicated
Tims it will be seen tliat on a final a decided preRrence for this course of
ijuestion, tliose voting for 3lr. Adams in . policy, and so lar as w ithin their pow-
f'ongress represented .'no m/YZ/OT, /Arecler have pnvsned it. A large portiss

■26 XOGE.N. AM)RE« JA{K.SO.\.

oftlie Union cmhracing :«11 the free ■ leave you and tlic <|uestion would then
state?, Kentucky, and a part of Vir- stand upon it? incrit.*. Is k honorablt-
jjiniii, U equally f:ivorable. The South for a man thus fituated to remain si-
!- opposed, 'i'h'j people of that Sec- lent? Would you trust him — nay.
lion liavc conceived a deailly hostility would }ou not spjirn him from youi
to the system, and are niakinj; violent : presence?

struggles to arre>t its progress and to | But it will be said by your friend>
destroy the inlluence of those who sup- and perhaps repeated by yourself, that
port it. 1 have thus plainlyl and con- Aour sentiments on the subject before
cisely named the parties and slated the us are well known. I moan to be plain
grounds of their variance. It remains ' with yon. and therefore 1 dtielarc' dis-
wlih me now,-<^ir, as you arc a prom- tmetly and positivelv. that tiiey are no:
inent man. to rel'er to i/mir printipl(!s known. Everv thinp you have said or
and to tlie part which you liavc taken done, thoui^h a few of each party might
ill the great subject in dispute. i know what you meant, has been so

Vou will agree wilii me. that etpiivocal in relation to this matter,
every man who aspires to a responsi- tiiat the great mass of the peo|>le unow
l)!e office in tiie Goventnieiit is houird nothing of your real sentiments. Vou
i:i honor to declare if de>ired, his senti- have played a double game, holding
•uieiits on great political and national out one set of colors to the Boulhern
<]uestioiis. The man who is silent or ' people, and another to the Xorth-east
i-quivocal in party times, and will mean- ' and the AVcst. H.avc you not done so?
Iv court contending parties to gain If not, why did you write the celebra-
ihcir su(>port, is unfit to be trusted. — ; ted, but equivocal, letter to Dr. Cole-
He should be discarded by both, and man of North Carolina? Tiic ques-
tri'aled with scorn and contempt by all. ' tion was then di>tinctly put to you.
An eneniv in the guise of friendship is Asa plain man, having notliing to coii-
;lie most detestable wretch on earth. | real, why did you not answer distinctly,
This is eiinallv true in politics, as in whether you were frie ml ly or inimical
the adiiirs of social intercourse. AV'hat ' to the Domestic System? It is true
then, sir, arc your seiifiments in re- 1 you said much about revenue — some-
u'ard to the American System? Vou i thing of yoflr own modc'ty and patriol-
area candidate for the Presidencv — it ism — spoke of a "JiKlicions tarijl-'' and
is im[torlanl vour opinions should be ' there left the subject, just as much in
known. You are sujtporied in the South, the dark as to a development of yoiii
:.ind by a large body of jieople in the real sciitinient, as when you eon>-
x)iher stated, upon principles diametri- ' menced il. Vou wrote a longchaptei
< aliv opposed. In one section your are ' of (juibbles and evasions, zrhcn five hun-
el-iimed as a 7'f((j//"and iii the other as 'rs/ lines, expressed >vith the ("nniknes^
an .'7n//-fariil' man. To which party 'and boldness of a grt'ai and good man.
do you l>elong, and which do you in- would have set the mailer at rest, and
tend to deceive? Hoth claim.you, and satisfied t!ie inuids ofyour counlruncn.
while tlie contest iis raging, cnrrting 1 1 repeat, as a prominent man of the
witl- it discord and conlji-ion.you look i United Slates — as a patriot haxing the
cold on, by regardless of the peace of welfare of the nalion at hear!, you
the country and cart-ful oidy of your oinxhl to have answered the queries of
own ^aggrandizement. Sir, if you- Dr. Coleman in the most explicit and
were Icnown to be lifflilc as some of une(|ui\0(al terms — in such a manner
vour prominent Snulhern supporters that there could have been no misin-
are. to the Domestic Sytem. you could terpretation of sentitnents or motives.
iiol o')t:iin live thousand votes north- Out wni adroitiv poised your opinions
west of ibe tl'iio. Kven Pennsylvania to ileceive both partie-. and leave each
woiilil desert )on. and your prospects to claim vou.

would be limited to the liounds of the Until vou wrote that letter, sir.
Southern States. On the other hand, llioush not in fa .or of your election. I
if you were known lo be decidedly i thought vou one of the most unwaver-
//■:>»»'//7to the syslom. the South, would ing. intrepid republicans of the age.

TO CEX. AXDUEW JACKSOV.

ST

A man who woiil'.i sacriliec any thing
to the cause ol" twitli and the lio:iest|
.md fearless expression of his senli- ;
nients. It is said you do not seclc of- ■
flee nor decline it — that you are ahove ■
ail concealment of your opinions — you'
are called a second Washiiiijlon, a Cin-;
ciimatus, and the like. Does it com- i
port with this liiijii character to evade |
a direct question on a subject of|
vital interest to liie country? If you,
cared for nothini; i)ut tlie j^ood of the
people, would vou have writi en more ,
than a column in a newspaper, in an- ■
■:wer to a plain (jui^siion which re-
quired but a simple declaration of > our;
sentiments? Such a declaration would J
have saved your countrymen much |
^peculation and angry debate; and J
would have justified ihc fovourable
(^pinion of vour intrepid candour and |
frankness.

To show that I have not misjudged
you, I will now refer to the letter in
question, and to some other matters
connected with the subject. At t!ie
time yotr wrote it. it was well under-
stood, iioth bv yourself and the mem-
bers of Conijress, what was the extent ;
and meaning of the tariff. There i
could be na misapprehension ; — 3'ojii |
were a member of the Senate and well
knew what was the construction I
put upon the views of the tariff and anti- j
tarilf men. The one party was friend-
ly to protecting duties, and the other ;
to such only as would increase the
revenue — the one to the TarilVthen re-
commended, and the other to what was
called a '■'■jarliciovi tcirijf'.''' This last
phrase was used by the opponanls of
the S3stcm as a cloak to their (l<;signs.
They covered themselves with it as
with a mantle. You look the same
disguise, and have thrown it off, and i)ut
it on, as it best suited your purposes,
from that day to this.

You commence the letter by saying,
•■ that my name has brcn hrovzl'l brfore
ihf. notion b;i the PEOPLK. without anv
AGEXcvop mink; for I wisli it not to be
forgotten that / haxc never aoliriteil of-
fice-, nor when called upon by the con-
stituted authorities, have ever de-
clined, when 1 conceived my services
<-ould be beneficial to my country."
Have vou the least idea. Sir, when the

piirenzy of the present time has pa-
away, that, tliis declaration will Im
credited? Your name brought be-
fore the nation by the people, \\\\\\-
out any agency of yours!! Wiia;
people? Was not the first serious
mention of your name for the Presi-
dency, made in Tcnnaxe^ in your own
neighborhood, and by yqur own inti-
mate and bosom friends? Were these
the I'EOPi.E and the constituted authori-
ties to which you refer? And was it
without any agency of yours? Siircl)
Sir, it cannot lie proved that you had anv
agency in it; but when it is considered
your friends and neighbors declared
your fitness for the station, it will take
strong proof to convince the world, ;hat
it was not with your apppobation
and consent. But you '• nv'sA it not /i
he. furf^olti n tJiati/oti ^evv.b. soliciteo or-
fice"!! Pray, Sir, what had this to
do with the simple (juestion put to 3011
by Dr. Coleman? Yon not solicit' of
flee! The very language I have just
quoted, is one of the strongest but most
insinuating solicitalions for oHlce to be
found u])oii record! What did C'lT-sar
do when the crown was oflercd him.
Would he have it? Nay, he put it by
thrice, and the deluded mob fell a
shouting and threw up their dirty
caps. But why was it, 30U wished it
not to be forgotten, that you did not
solicit plficc? Sirange when a pl:uii
question was asked you relative to
other matters, that this subject should
have struck your attention ! Did it not
discover some anxiety, some hankering
after oflice? but I pass to the sub-
stance of the letter.

You say '• I am in favor of a 'jurlici-
oiLs' examinalion and revision of the
Tarifl^ and so far as the present Bill
embraces the design of fostering, pro-
tecling and preserving within our-
sel\"C5, the means of national defence
and independence. parlicularl3' in a
slate of v.ar. I won hi advocate and sup-
port'it." What did" \ou iiu-an by a
"/)W/f!OM.<''eX(iminauoii and revision of
the Tariff? Here you will discover
lhat30u used tb-c language I imputed
to you. Did 3-0U not intend bv it !<>
conciliate the South? The politicians
from that quarter repeated ;ind reiter-
ated tlie same expression; but after

is

To GUS. ANDREW JACIOOX.

all rotccl n;;;iinst llie Bill. Cautious
not to commit vour>clf, and wishing
also lo coiciliatfc the other party, you
concluded the sentence Uy a:-!*ertiiig'*so
lar as the hill provided for national
(I'fcitvc aivl iivlfywlciicr. pmiiaclarly in
n sifitr of Tiar, ipit viul-l iitpiioil it."
S':i-ii\in^lil thi* is a declaration in fa-
vour of the system. It was w-ll ralcu-
lafed to deceive the puMic. But what
application had it? If analized ai.d
(■oin[)arcd wttii the provisions of the
Bill, it will l>c di.-icovered to have none
at all. Even tho most inveterate ene-
mies of the Tarift" in the Soutii, are in
lavour of providing for our tuittonnl dr-
frii'T. mid indrpciifk.ice. Rut the ques-
tion returns; what arc tiic means of
our " inlioiuil defence mid indepcndcivc ■*"
A judicious Tariff sav you. U'liat is
a judicious tariir? A^ainyou answer,
such a Tariff as wril provide for the
"national defence and indepcndenec,
pai'iicn/arlif in a ft'dr of ?f«r/.'"' Tlius
you reason In a ring, evading the point,
thougli youse«n to meet it withdccis-
ioti and fairnes?.

I [)ass over your remarks in relation
to the last war, and ron>^ to t!ie foJIow-
ini; paragrajjh, wiiicii I tjuole entire,
that you may not accuse me of dealing
unjustly.

" Hi-aven has filled our mountains
nnd plains with niinemis, with Lead,
Iron and Copper, and given us climate
and so;! for the growing of hemp and
wool. T.'iesc being the great materi-
als of our ntliiml dnfi-iice, they ought
toliave extended to them adequate and
fair protection, that our manuf.ic-
tories and labourers mav l)e placed on
R f:iii- comprlitiim with lho?e of Curope,
and that w-^ miv have within our coun-
try a suppiv of those f-aJing and im-
portant (irticl.'i so ESSENTIAL IV WAR.

Beyond thi-, 1 look at the Tarilf, with
a" eye to the proper di'>lril)Utioii of la-
bour and rmeuitf, and with a view to
the discharge of our lutliontil debt !'^

T'lis quottillon carries with it the tame
doiMe aspect as tiie otIuT. You semi
to Ur- fricndiv to tlie Tariil"; hut to
what sort of a tariff no man can tell.
Oni- moment you speak of '■'■w.'fjjualc
and fiir prti'ertion, a proi^pv distribtilio •
of /fih>nr\"' and the next of a Tariff,
fnr raising n reccnur, and for the dis-

charge of tiie .ynli'Mwl debt /'' Did you
I not know. Sir. that. in these two posi-
I tions.lie all the subjects iudisputc? The
j Southern people contend for n-enuf,
I the other slates for protection — the
I former for light duties, aid the latter
I for sucli as will divide labour, and ex-
clude foreign compeiiiion. You blow
' hot android at the same breatli; — vou
■■ talk a little on one side and then on the
i other; and linallv wind up, by advo-
j eating such a Tariff, as will discharge
! the national debt? If any man in Lis
j senses can tell what you mean, other
; tlian to mistify vour own senUmenls, he
: must he gifted with an uncommoa
[ »hare of discernment. To .-ay that a
; TarilT shall be laid lo increase the
j revenue and pay off the National debt,
[ ;ind at t!ie same lime, to divide labour
and protect American minufactures.
is tantamount to saying nothing on the
' subject. The qucsiion, as ai)ove re-
! marked, again returns, what sort of
•a Tariff would this be?
I After saying that you are not GDC of
l.tliose. who " believe that a National
j debt is a Natioi-.al bles.-ing,'' whit h. bv
' the way, is not believed by any sensilde
i man, \ou agtiin remark: "Tiiis Ta-
riff-l.MEAN A JUDICIOUS ONE!
possesses more fancilul, than real dan-
ger." Vou ti>en proceed to give some
excel. cnt reasons, « by American indus-
try should be protected from foreign
competition, and conclude thus: — >• It
j is tl>ereibre mv opinion, that a careful
InwAjntlicimis Tarilfis much wanted, to
{pay our .Xationnl debt, and afford us tlie
j means of defence, &;c. And last, though
■ not least, to give a proper distribution
to our lal)our!" Here we have tlie
same <tory over again. A judicioi'.s
] Tiirijj'lo increase the rrvrwic, to pay the
' jValional debt, and to protect .'Imcriran
Inhjur.'.' One or two redeclions. and
I have done with your letter. Have
you never read it, and i<lushed at your
I own duplicity? Y'ou talk of a jiidi-
Iciou^ Tariff. Do you not know that we
are all in favour of such a Tarjff, and
' that the only diflicullv is, to ascertain
I what it shall be? Do you not know-
that a larifffor (he increa.se of revenue
»:id the pavmeiit of the National debt.
is the peculiar policy of the south, and
that those whoiidvocafc it arc opposed

TO fJKV. AXDUEW JACRSOX.

ais>

to protcctins; duties? Are ton so weak
H man, as not to perreive tliat the ade-
rjiiato protcrtion of maiiurarturcs of
lro;i. Wool. Hemp aud Cotton, eaaiiot
rortiilmie l>\ way of rcrmta' to the pav-
nieiitorthei*Iatio!:al debt? If tlicse arti-
cles are '■^ adequnlcly protected^'' one in
siicii a iifaiK'.eras to eriiplo\ pcrnianciil-
Iv the capital av.d labour ol'oiir cmiiitrv,
(ar"3 ;.o other ;.roteelioii is worth seek-
ing.) we sliall manufacture thorn at
hoiii': — their importation will cease, and
the revciiuc arising iVom them, as a con-
sequence, must also cease! Yet you
talk about protection, the paunent of the
Natioiul D<l)t, ai;d a i increased reve-
nue upon tiicse same articles, at or.e &,
the sam- time! Tiie man who knows
no better. I j)ily;on the contrary, if he
is w. 11 i;. formed, but tampers with the
truth, I despise him. ~

That you may not sir, think mv con-
struction Oi'yiHir letter a peculiar one,
1 will now refer to that \>hicii was put
opon it i)y d:trerei't parties at the time.
1 am only sorry, that I have not in pos-
session, all the i)romi!ient journals that
noticed it. Two or three I have, and
their remarks shall be repeated. I will
assert, however, tliat the conflicting
constructioi'S given to the letter, were
general, and tliat you have not seen lit,
so far as I have been informed, openly
to correct them.

The North Carolina Star, printed
at Raleigh, a leading paper in the
South, and the one in wliich the letter
was published early in June, Ifl-Jl, as-
serts positively, tlial it furnishes ii:du-!
bit'able proof of your o^yjW//o« to the
taritr. It declares that your opinions
and Mr. Crawford's correspond — and
gives an extract from the latter gen-
tleman's reports to Congress, in which
the Tarilfis recommended with a view j
solely to the increase of revenue, and |
not for protection. The Siar says: •'//'
u-ill be seen by a reference to Gen. Jack-
sons leiler ptibliaked in another column,
lehal reliance is to be placed in the slaie-
inents of certain partiznns of Mr. Craw !
for'Kivh) haze been INJURING THE

POI'ULARITY OF GEN. J ACKSON
BY REPRESENTING HIM AS \[
THOROUGH GOING TARIFF j
JIAN!!'' In this is fully recognized
the constnicfion to which I ha\c al-

luded: from the Star the impetus was
given, and the decl, nation was spread
fhrougliout all the Southern Stales that
according lo > our oiivi confessions, you
were opposed to the taritf. Norwasit
strange that such a conclusion should
be drawn; for your letter as fairly im-
ports hoslilily as friendship to that sys-
tem of policy.

But a construction quite the reverse
was put upon the same letter by your
supporters in sectfons of the country
friemlly to the Taritf. They knew it
would be death to your prospects, if it
should be known that you were inimi-
cal to the system. Your own remaiks
about '•'prntcrting duties — inrlepcndencc —
naiional defence and equal division of
labor," gave the cue, and you were at
once declared a decided friend to the
domestic policy. Hence, the National
Republican of this city, once your
violent enemy, but afterwards prosti-
tuted to your service, and thencefor-
ward a leadirg oppojition paper ol the
west, remarking upon the letter, observ-
ed, "■ It has often been said, that Gen.
Jackson was no Statesman — that ho
did not possess that general knowledge
of our national concerns, which is ne-
cessary to conduct the atiairs of govern-
ment, and alcove all, that he nas opposed
to the Tarijf! But being called on for
his sentiments on the great question of
the tariff, and his great dignity not being
in the way of a Adl and fia. k disclosure,
he has replied in the following letter,
wliich we invite the friends ol' domestic
manuliicliiies, and of a liberal and en-

LIGHTF.NED INTERNAL POLICY tO lead witll

attention. It contains more pure re-
publican sentiments, and more political
wisdom, than all the speeches made in
Congress last session!" Such was the
construction here of the very smne letter
v^iiich was quoted and referred to in the
South, to prove the opposite doctrine!
You see, therefore, that I have drawn
from your declarations no forced nor
uncommon conclusion. The two pa-
pers I Lave mentioned, piomulgaied
far and wide, their 0))posite construc-
tions; jouinals of less note, gave circu-
lation to the respective statements, till
it is as lirmly believed by your sup-
porters ill the West, that you are a
Tariff man. a* it is in the South that

80

TO HEX. ANUJIEW JACK:»OJS.

you arc opposed to it. If such a po<;i- Riclimonfi Juiifa and (lie soiitlii rii poli-
tion he lioiioraljlc, and f(rale(ul to llio ry; hut he did uol. in a liiij^le instance,
/eelings of a good man, I pray God that trench upon the spirit, or «vcn Icttcrof
jour seiisihilities may he «iuickeiied tlie Constitution. Is it not evident. ?ir,
to receive from it, all the consolation it; that you wrote dial letter ('-IsEVKR
is calculated to impart. Intrifiue and j INTENDED TO BE USED!") for the
Corruption, Bargain and Sale, in the ; express purpose of divulging > our real
worst forms char;;ed, cannot, in the esti- ; sentiments to tin- Iticiiniond people, and
Illation of po-terity. sink a man deeper , to court their approbation and support,
in degradation ami contempt, than the How tame Uitcliie, voar leading sup-
just imputation of a dogged and supple porter in Virginia, to see a letter -of
servelliance to opposite and contending I yours, (NEVER INTENDED tore
parlies. ; used!) and to puhli>h that jmrticn of its

In conclu-io!i. I have to refer you to contents which accorded with thcopin-
one other circuni-itance not connected ionsof the Virginia poliliciaiir ? Giles,
with your letter to Dr. Coleman, hut Randolph, Ritchie and other~,dcclaini-
hearing upon the suhjcct. In a late cd in the most vociferous manner against
nuinhcr (j|' the Richmond Enquirer, is the message. They were startled and
an extract tVom a letter of yours, which ' astonished at its encroachments upon
not only show s that you seek office and 1 the Constitution. Vou have nothing
meddle in the affairs of your election, ! to conceal — not seeking office — the
hut alfords a complete demonstration. I accents of congratulation to the I'resi-
if it he true, of your duj)licilv. The [ dent still warm upon your lips, write a
para^craph is as follows: "As to con- letter (Hcrtr /»i/f;i^c'i /o ic itscc/) declar-

stitutional questions, icc hnov froina let-
ter we saw many months since, c.v-
DER Ge\. Jackson's ow.v hand, xever

1.VTE.VDEB TO BE t.SED. that hc WIIS

ing also your alarm and astonishment
at the message ! ! What, I ask, was tlie
ohjccl of this letter? How came
Ritchie to see it? What induced him

astonished and startled hy the extrava- , about that period, having opposed your
gafit encroachments supported in Mr, ' pretensions with the most intemperate
Adam.'-'s first message!" The vera- violence, to become of a sudden vour
city of Mr. Ritchie it is neither j servile and supple supporter? Did, not
my intention to question, nor business i the letter have some effect upon liini!
to support. He was once an honora- Mark the phraseology: Mr. Ritchie
hie and creditable man. So far as 1 1 says. "/Aflrc .«c(»i o /i:«cr UNDER GEN.
know, hc is still entitled to the same j JACKSONS OWN HAND never in-
character — at all events I am bo md to tended to be n-ed. in which he express-
believe hc has spoken the truth. Wliv ' es his astonishment at the encroach-
did you write sucii a letter to youriments of Mr. Adams's hrst message,
friends in Richmond, and why was it upon constitutional questions!" Notl\-
not intended to be used? 1 thought ! ing more than this was wanted. Mr.
vou had nothing to conceal! It is said , Ritchie and hisassociates were opposed
you are open, decided :>nd fearless in to the Administration — they were de-
llu- declaration of your sentimcits! lf|termined to support no man for the
Mr. Adams h;is encroached upon the I Presidency who was not also opposed,
con.-titution, and you ha\e nothing to \ Your letter (neverintended to be use<l)
conce:il, and do not seek office, why did j furnished the evidence, and thence-
yon not proclaim those ciicroachments forward you were proclaimed « ith ad-

with a loud voice? But what are the
pncr<iac!mient.-> at which you were so
startled and astonished? 1 have read
Mr. Adaaw" first message with great care

ditional fer\our. the ••allinwlivt , the
only safe candidate for Virginia I"

From your own acts and word.-
have I judged you. If I have mistaken

and attention, and tind nothing adverse - you, it is your own fault: no man in this
to the provisions of the constitution. ; country need be misunderstood! If
True,he recommended (;i/rr««/ /;;i;>ro;(- I h;ive been plain, or even harsli in my
mrnts, and some oilier measures at va- , expressions, loiily regret that you have
I'iance with (he |>olitical wisdo:n of the deserved it.

AUHIMSTRATIOX CONVENTION •

M

ADMINISTRATION CONVENTION. ; member?. Maiiy had to stand, and ii

The nicctiiit; of the Administration nas dilUcuU to pass from one jiarl of
Convention at Columbus, on the 28th j the room to another. There were,
of Decenilier, gave decisive earnest of however, no (hiiicultics or interrup-
the intcrrest taicen. in supporting the ! lions, and but hlth' disrussion. It
|)resent system of National pohcv, and was in truth, an imposing assemblage,
tile pulihc men wlio maintain it. Every ' and condurled as became a thougiilful
eircumslance was adverse to tiie Con- and considerate people. Upoil the
venlion. For weeks the weather had ; next day, many of the members dej)art-
lieen dull and disheartening. Great j ed for their homes, with increased good
tpiantities of i-aiii had lallen, the roads ; feelings for each other, more dce|)ly
were in ari almost impassi])lu condi- devoted to the cause, and stimulated
tion, and the waters swollen to a dan- . to more active exertions in support ol'
gerous height; and in addition to all it. No douiit tlie asst:mbling of this
liiest;, a dce|) snow fell on Friday night ] convention has produced very advan-
[>receditfg, which was carried of with I lageous results, in extending accjuain-
rains that fell nearly the whole of Wed- ' tancc, and dilVusiiig coirect intbrma-
nesdav and Tliursday. 13ul the mem- ! tion, and in securing facilities lor fu-
bers of tiie Convention were neither j ture concert in action,
disheai'leiied or deterred. And when The resolutions and address ;ire

they assembled, H was found that up- j temperate and dignified, and at the
wardsof two hundred were present. — j same time (inn and explicit. Whilst
ilany of them aged and inlirm, most of | they assert an undiminished confidence
them advanced in life, a*ul all highly; in the slatesm<'n who conduct the af-
i'esi)ectable. fairs of the nation, and a strong ajjpro-

The proceedings of the Convention bation to their measures and coi;duct,
were characteri/.ed by good oriier,and no attack is made upon the character
strict attention to business. Tlie com- j pr principles of the opposiiig candidate,
mittces appointed, promptly attended j In delineating the incorrect course of
to the duties assigned them, and (he I the opj)osition, the most respectful
utmo=t liarmony and unanimity pre- 1 language is used: neilhcr (lie motives
vailed. Tiie dclef^atcs trom each Con- [ or integrity of any one is assailed, and
gressional district, hcK» separate meet- , no inuendoes arc employed or insinua-
ings and agreed upon the candidate fori lions tiirown out. The whole will be
elector in tlieir District, which w as re- 1 found in a tor.c adapted (o the occasion,
por(ed to the committee appointed j such as fellow citizens, dilTering from
upon that subject, and thus the list was j each other, ought upoii all occasions to
made out. [adopt when acting or deliberating in

An address had heed previously pre- '■ priniaiy or secondary assemblies,
pared. The committee to whom that, It is understood that (lie Jackson Con-
raatter was referred, examined it v ith venlion on the 8th, are to convene un-
carc, and agreed upon it, with amend- ' der the beat of drum and roar of can-
ments, which were incorporated into it, i non. How unaccountable is this delu-
and the report prepared, and submit- j si on!! The very object of employing
ted to the Convention. The utmost ■ these agents, is to act upon the senses,
attention was evinced while it was , by producing an excitement of the ani-
read, and it, with the resolutions and mal spirits, calculated to renderthe sub-
ticket of electors, were uiianimously ject of its intluence reckless of thought
adopted. I and reflection, and empowt;r the senses

The Convention met at (en o'clock ' to shake oH'the controul and silence the
in the morning, aiid about half after | admonitions of reason. Tiiis different
twelve adjourned (o (bur. It me( course of ac(ion, by the (wo parties,
again at lour, and closed its inisiness ' ought (o make a deep impression upon
and adjourned about six the same (}vcn- ' peacel'ul. sedate and quiet men. The
ing. The meeting was in the United i friends of the Administration exhibit
Slates Court House, which had not Ian example of noiseless, uncxcited,
sufTirient room to contain seats for the ■ thoughtful movement. The supporlei-^

sa

AU.Ul.MSTRATIO.N CO.VVtWTlOIf.

Of Gei.. Jackson appeal chielly to ,l,c , Dart-} Ar„ , r ,r,., J x-l VVo„„

senses ai,d to ll,e passions. Tmy art- '~""''-t^-— *.'=.„, Aur^rt.u.ie,
called to rallv round their hickorv Tho^fT/Vr '"* '^'/"u""' ''"'"''^ ^«^«ar.,
standard, to hoist the swine as th.-ir' ^^•IZ:;'^:^::'^:;^;^,,,, ,
i^ymbol, to march to the ciaMiror of the '«";"'•'-<*;: <'i^Of'.-, vvifilau, Trtrjie j,'i?o
'.-pint stirring drum,- and lo discanj all Juiln Cr'c.l'''°'^'" '^'^"^' *^'''"'"" CuuI..on,
ni?niment, by subtsi:uting lor it the , /-e,;-j„n,e.Gallo«a3, J„n. Kober. Dob
bra«i.ng exclaniniion: Hurrah for owl'""/' «"''"' ^-^i^, ^^ :li^...- Kn^.k, "''"
hukory! Hurrah for the hero o/" .A«r-! w^h'^r?''~'''*'"»"'; ^^^•'''"'■.'^"•'crllJ. Moor,
Or/can.!.' In such a mood the Lun.l ' B.il '"''"•''''''""'''■ '■^--''•'^'»'-^''

good sense ef the wisest man is render- 1 f''""?--?""'"'-' ^Vheeler, Cbarlcs C P-.,ne

fcl nn iiicn.'ii.-.'. „„J . J.. 1- 1 'ol.iiioii Kii:!;-bury. '»-■ «.uiii..

ed an insecure and unsteady director.

How can safety or prudence he expe<n'^>nV:r^n;;:i'G:uK: "1™^"; "'"T' 'V
od Irom the consuhations of those'wim ^;•■"^^.a^b.,fl^;:;;.,;:t^'„^'i;r:' ^':±
iv-ort to such methods of preparinir'Nn'.'."'." ,• '>'""'■'"''■ thurle, G. swain,
tlHMnselves for dehherating upc^ el K:;:br 'd v ,,' K'^'r^:)'"- Ir'""- f"-
o^t .raveand important matters? U\fr{''r^'^'''"^^^^^^^^^'^^^

ould seem ni.lv i.Pr,.c..,.. #„ ., <i.„ Kbarlc* (■ox. "-" "*•"'

tlie

inoN[ ^rave and Import,.... ^^.^.

would seemonlv necessarv'to'siale the ! ^'//'T/ "i^ ,

i.-ictsand make" the in.p.irv, to elicit a ' B./mt'r '^P'' Swearingen, George W.

readv answer. " /.-/..-

rnoctKDi.vGS of the coxve.vtion
Frifldi/, Dec. 28, 1 827.
Agreeably to previous arrangement,

re/; tlf.-^aff!:^' '^="*^-"' C'--> "-P'-

,.h!lrt;;S;:;! ^''°°'^' •"'-'' »--. eh.

i^tt-rcficf— tlijah Krsmptoii

^;r^; ""'^r■^^''!■.^•M•cuIlou,.;•

Delegates lavoraMe (o the re-election I H-um Paaer«.„,JacJbRHHfi •''^""'^"■^"•
ot Joijv Qincv Ad»ms. to the office of'^;'^7<^°'''''?~;V*-'''''''''^f ^^'-ui'-sJuhustum,,
IVsideiit of the United Sliles n,of ..f ^'' ';'""•* "'(^^ tiporte B. Holt. '■

the Court House in ^.^^rrK^t.f ;!:::i--'':^".^''l--- A..CoI..„a„,,sa„e

the Court House in Columbus: for ih^ ] ii9::^LS:.fn^:-,;^i^:!;;!r::i^r

(•urposc o( i(iri?iititj an electoral Ticket ' ""'■'"'"'»— ^^iiihu.. ri..,r. u ., „ •

<o l)c supported by the friends of thJ

- ...o*es C. Samlrrs, UaviJ Cai.ipl,,!!.
■i..r °"''''' ^^««'9"hiiver, Amos G

jn-esent Administration, in the sl^te of Icr^M*''^-'"^'-"" ^^-'-"uver, A^o. b
Ohio, at the approarhini; Presidential i ■'''.i''"^"'"— Jolin Amlitjws.
election. Upon calling the list of' ■'f'"*-""'"--^- ''^'•i""lk'u.r.

-unties, Delegates appeared from tlllf Pa{\:^^w'i;t»Sr ^:::;^/^2:;^^
following counties, viz: ! Jiicb Houck. i "u»uier curu=

UELEG.\TF.S PIIF.SE.XT.
Fromlfic county of ^dams-Samcs llo-crs

nw"!''^"'''""/': P""''«- Jobn Bro«-n, 2,1,
Daniel Stcviarl, Calvi-ry .Morri-.

.'Is/ilabiih—q. F. Alliiiis.

/?««fr_Jocl Collin=, James Healon, Wnj.

fhlniont

iluuDird, James Ui.ir •» .• .

"illiaiii M. Ilubb.rd, James "VVcir
y/roicn— .\atliaiiicl CiMslev.
Clermont — Tlumias Gaicb

ri.amv ba.uM.l MUonI, John Doagherty,
J^iincs Dallas, A. n. CalilHfll. "^

(V,„/«„_.Nathan Liiiton, Eli Ga«kiII, Rich-

Co.,Aor<,n_\V,n. Carhartt, Sam-icl Lcp,
Jiiinon Rohin'ioii. '

tV,/«mW,„_El.lcrkiti Potter, De Lonna
r.n.oks, Albert G. RicbariUon.

C./va/,offa— Kruhen Woo.l, Alfre.1 Krllv
C/ar<:_Jol,nl)ouch.Ttv, Charles I'. Anihoi.T,
Jame. Foley,. Nuautl Latlerty, Robert TurnJr
btr>|)heii Kitchen. "■•■•^i,

rrarr/,rrf-Joseph CnlTee, Wm. Walker
UrU„rare-\\,„ ^ Drake. Charles Carptn-
ttf, Leonur.lll. Coivles.

I .•"^'jf""','— I^l'ilip Lewi?, Jo=pph .^^Elfi.-h
Joh.. U. (....my, Joseph Chnshalan, Ste^^hen
Moore A,Tj,lla Poland, John \V. ^i.ni.C'
Jaiaes bunihaai, Kei:beii P. Mann

JI/i«<m;«,„_Jose,,b Sprii),:er Geor-c \V
Cas. Watlhew C,ll.spie,Ela,is Wheato^, Wo."
U. Moore. ' "

^Vonrop— Tlioinas \Vcston.

VcrfiMo— J. imes .^lonrc.
•"''1?»— Andrew Donally.
J'ler.fr— Joel VVo,.d.
.yorjoa-Kner Baker, Charles L. Boll.
/Vf4/c— David K. II.at..i.,J. M L? .M-\ott
John G. Jameson, Eli.l.a Egbert, Jamei Denni-'

m^-E-kri.lce Hall, William Rlackslone.

/,c*a-rav-..,|,nBarr,San.uel l.ybrand. Gut
|\\. I)..H ., E,l,v.,rd Williams. 1V,„ p. ^^^r
Isaac l.,,,lcl,IIe. John Cochrau, Samuel S, y^^r
ny.WilhamB Thrall, B. Z B. Do.ldriJge

lorla;c—l.. V. Pierce. ^

O.ni'.r-^""'"''" '^°'"'"' ^^'""""'■I'- Ji""!, Pete,

AU3IIN1STRATION CONVENTIOST.

33

Tuscaiwas— 3 nmes Pitrirk, Beaz M
Sail, oaiii'icl Mimlap.

fn*i«*uK-Simun Perkins, Rufus P. Spaukl

ing

C/n.on— Ronhrii P. Mann, Amos A. Williams,
raniMiin^irf-Vtwr, Joel W.mil.
ffanf/1-Jcrr.-miah Mnrrnw, George Snuth,
AViUiaiu A Camron, Joliii HupkiU-s T hoiuas

Corwin. , . », .,,

Jf'ashm^ton—D.ivid Putnam, Anui Ney, Win.

R. Putnam. „.,, ,i

»^«,/,uf, Cynis Spink, Thomas M ■M'l'en
llu„da,id JHancock—rhomui \V. Powel, T.

n. M'Ni.-ht.

Tiir/i/anrf— Jaine? Henry, James Ueilgus.

6Wo^— •Wiu. Kendall.

6-<ari— James W. l.atl.ro|>, John Angustine

SA.74./— ^Vni. FieUlin-.

ienrra—Asircen In^raham, Jo?iah Hcilgcss.

iii«(/iKA-i/— Sauuiil M. Lockwood-

The Convention, on motion, proceed-
ed to the appointment of a Chairmnn,
when Jeremi\h Morrow, Esq. ol' War-
re!! county, was unanimou.sly cliosen;
whereupoi), Mr. Morrow took the chair;
a':don motio'!. IVdi. Do'UThrrti/oi'FrMik-
iin county, and ThonvK Cinfin. oi War-
ren couiity, were appointed Secrota-

iie?.

On motion of General McArlhur. ot
Ro<s county, the following rosolutio'.
wa> adopted:

Resolved, Tliat a commiUee of six
teen mcmhers be appointed by the
Chairman, to prepare and report an
A Idress and Resolutions, touching the
object of this Conyention.

Agreeably to which resolution, the
Chairman "am-oui.ced the followin.c;
ge tlcmen as composing said Commit-
tee, viz:

Duncan McArthur, Charles Ham-
mond, Thomas Ewiiig, Samuel Wiicel-
er, Elderkin Potter, J. Patrick, Gus-
tavus Swan, AVm. R. Putnam, W. B.
Hubbard, George J. Smith, Quintus
F. Atkins, Nathan Linton, James Gal-
lov,-ay,jr. Stephen Kales, Alfred Kelly,
Cliarlc'sG. Swain.

Col. James Robinson, of Coshocton
coujity, olferod a resolution, wliiclt on
motion of Mr. Powel. of W'ood county,
a' d Mr. Curtis, of K\iox county, was
amended and then adopted. as follows:
RcsokcH. That a committee consist-
ing of fourteen delegates, one from
each Congressional District, be ap-

Athcr- ( made by the Delegates, that said com-
mit'.ee nonnnale such candidate or
cand dales to this meetiiig-,and further,
that they shall nominate liie two aiidi*'
tional Electors to which tliis state is
entitled.

On motion of Mr. Kelly, the Chair-
man wasauthoiized to appoint the last
mentioned Committee: Whereupon,
the following gentlemen were selected

to compose the same, to wit:

From the 8l!i Congressional Di>triot,
Col. James Robinson; 1st do. Thomas
Gatch; 2d do. James Heaton; 3d do;
John Johnson; 4th C. Antony; 5th
Nathaniel Beasley; 6lh John Barr;
7th do. Henry Birtlctt; 9th do. Wm.
H. Moore; 10;h do. William Skinner;
11th do. William Tingley: 12tii do.
Thomas M'Millan; 13th do. Sunon
Perkins: 14th do. Reuben Wood.

Whereupon on motion, the Corven-
tion, adjourned until 4 o'clock, ihit
evening.

Four o'clock, P. M.
The Convention again assembled-,
when Gen. D. M" Arthur, from the com-
mittee appointed for that purpose, re-
ported a preamble, resolutions, and ad-
dres.=. wliich were severally read, and
consid'ved, and the preamble, ResoliT-
•ions a kl Address, were unanimously
adopted, as follows:
Wmere.^s, this Convention has been
called into existence and organized
for the purpose of nominating a
Ticket of Electors, favorable to the
re-election of Joha Qninn/ Adams^ as
President of the United States, (o be
sujiportcd at the Electoral Election,
of Novomlicr, 1828, in the State of
Ohio; and whereas it is considered
proper that this Convention sh(Hild
cxprc'ss an opinion upon the matterK
of public policy, connected witli the
present administration of the Na-
tional Government: Therefore,
Resolved, As the sense of this Con-
vention, That the present administra-
tion have pr^tdently and wisely pursued
the policy of their predecessors, both
with respect to our domestic and foi-

pointed to receive from the Delegation ! eign relations: and that the general,
of each Congressional District, the ; prosperity of the nation is evidence ol
nomination of a suitable ca .didate for the correctness and vrisdom of th^rf
pilf^rtor- r>tid •^ho'ild nfl nomination be mcasnrc*-..

E

^

ADMIMSTRATXON CON VENTION.— JEFIliKSO.V A JAtJiSO.V.

Risolved, That it is equally unwise I JEFFERSON & JACKSOX.

and u'iiist, to change the public fur.c- 1 In the summer of 1 820, a toast giveu
tionan>~ of Govoromont, upon the ' many vearsajio, at LviKJilungli, hv Mr.
ground of personal preference alone; Jeirerson. was so modelled as to make
unwise, because it endan^ei-s the pub- it convey a direct compliment to Gen.

lie good, without any equivalent corre
poi'de!)t advantage; unjust, because it
rcHects censure upon the conduct of

Jackson. From the dale of that coun-
terfeit to the present time, the idol-
izcrs of the General have been labour-

punlic men, without foundation, and ; ing to gain support for him, from the
thus destrovs tiie strongest incentive to ' opinioris of the sage of IMontirello. —
patriotic action. | Gov, Giles, the late Gov. Randolph,

Resolved, That this Convention en- Mr. Kditor Ritchie, and others, have
tertain a liigli sense of the inte£;rity. been labouring (o hunt up something
falenls, and patrotism of Juhti ^^wiHcylsaid or written by Mr. Jefferson, from
.lr/nni.«, President of the United States, j which a co- fidence in Gen. Jackson'
and are firmly persuaded that his re- 1 might be inferred. Their elVorts have,
election as President, will tend (o pro- however, recoiled upon themselves,
mote the general interests of the whole ' Truth, as the General said, is mighty,
t^nion. I and has prevailed.

Rcsoi'ved, That this Convention re- ] The late Gov. Coles of Illinois, has
gard the charge \irged a;;ainst tiie been comjielled to speak what he liim-
Presidentand Secretary of Slate, of a !self heard, and what was communica-
corrupt coalition, Ijy which one was j ted to him by othei-s. His statement
elected President, and the other placed is in the following words:
in the Cabinet, as a scandalous iinpu- '-On the 1 1th of Aui;ust. 1 8-25. ■while
lalion upononrcou'itry and i'lstitulions, on a \isil to i\Ir. Jelll-r-on. at i\Ioiiti
alike unsupported by e\idence, uu- cello, 1 had a very long and highly in-
*ortiiy ot belief, and discreditable to, tcrestii:g conversation with him, in rc-
tll who give it countenance. jlationtothe last preside: tial election;

lie^ulval. Tiiat this Convention enter- 1 in which he spoke very freely and ful-
tiin the highest respect for the just ly of men and of things, and dwell at
views of our National policy explained considenible length on the character,
and recommended in the late Re|)ort of princi[iles, and conduct, of the gentle-
the Secrelnrv of tiie Treasury of the men who had been candidates. He
United Sti'tfs, upon the subject of a j expatiated dispassionately, and with-
National Tariff; and hereby express an out resen' ■; drew comparisons, made
earnest hope, that our )neml)ers of Con- ; discriminations, and described, in his
gress will emit no exertions to obtain usual forcible language, the good and
legislative protection for the objects bad traits in the character of each.

fecommcnded in said report.

The following is the list of Electors
recomme'.dt-d hv the Convention:

JF.RF.MIAH MORKOW, Wurrcn.

Pr.TEK 111 If llCdCK. Gcouga;

WII.I.IAM HL;FFI.\,Hamilloii.

.iA\ir.iM'HKinF,,r.uti.T.

.I0-;F.PI1 IIAWKIN-. IVI.lo.
Dr.NJ.\MlN nillTKM.AN, Green.
.lOIlN S^!1TII, Hu'l,lir.<I.
DUNCAN M'AKTIIUR, Robs.
RALPH 0>BORNE. Frnnklin.
WILLIAM K F.NnALL, Scioto.
rSAAC \ A.\IK)i;.\K, Mi,<kin!;uni.
.lOIIN I'ATTKRSO.N, Ri-liiiont.
.IOIIN.M'LAI»;lILlX,Jcirerion.
WILLI \M KOOLK, :st.irkc.
AARON WIIEKLKR, A^l.lahiilu.
iTB-iC^EZtR LANK, Ilurnn.

He gave the deciJi'd preference to
Mr. Crawford, and said it was greatly
I to be regretted flial he should have lo^t
jhis health, and with it his election.
I Having failed to elect him* he exprcss-
j cd gralilicalion that the choice had
[fallen on Mr. .\(lanis: to whom, he said,
I he dad objections, several of which he
[explained; but conceived him lobe
more safe and fit, and, by his acquirc-
j ments and habtis of life, by far better
1 qualified than (ien. Jackson, to dis-
charge the duties of the Presidenc_^.
In a word, he spoke of l/r ^Idatm as an
enli^lilcncd and (.rpcricnced stalcsuian: of
Gen. Jackson as a valiaiil and successj'iil
soldi/r — xiitli no other prthnfions to (//t
1 Chirf ALigistra'-ii. thai: ll;ui rlcrivcd from

JJSFFERSON & JACKSOX JACKSON & NEW-ORLEAfffS.

9S

Ms military services IVhilc conversing <
nhout Oen.' Jackson, I took occasion to say.
that lite great zenl xi-kich had been tlis-
ptayeil to elect the General, and the extra-
ordinary vote he ha I received, ha i made
me douijt of thp durahility of our free insti-
tuti,.ns. Mr. Jefferson braced himself j'»i
.'i)".s sea*, looked steadfastly at me, and in
the most emphatic manner, said. " Sir, it
Aflj caused me to doubt more than any
thing raltich has occurred dnce the revo-
ultion.'' This part of the conversa-
tion I repeated to Mr. Williams,
whicli I regret has found its way into
the ncwppapci-s, and suivjected me to
the necessity of making this communi-
cation."

The truth of the above statement
rannot be questioned by any one. But
if it could be doubted, it is corrobora-
ted by a letter recently written to Gov.
Coles by Thomas W. Gilmer, of Albe-
marle county, Virginia, a near neigh-
bour of Mr. .(eirer>on. and one wlio

soldier, and undei'standing the;e, he
cannot fail to see how Mr. Jetrei'son
appreciated the quaiiticalions of Gert.
Jackson for the Preidency. Instead
of respecting Gen. Jackson's preten-
sions, it appears that Mr. JcllL-rson held
them •' in almost contrinphiutis c/cr/.'.wn,'"
and looked upon his possible success,
in being elected President, as furnish-
ing cause to " doubt the durahilitij nfovr
free iii.4it<itions.^'' AVhen such were the
sentin)ents, and the feats of the vener-
able patriot and Republican, Tlu/mas
Jetlrrson, ought nut othtr repub-
licans to hisitate before tliey aid
in consummating that.wbi?hlie derided ;
or dreaded? and when it is seen, that
the old opponent'-, and contemners of
Mr. Jetrer^on, the Pickerings, and Colc-
mnns, the Ro.-scs and Ro'an-. ;ire
amongst the most active, in p omo'.uig
a measure.wiiicli Jetfersonmustcei lain-
ly have opposed, is it not singular t'lat

. ,, ., I Republicans should not feel some ap-

speaks very untavorably of Mr^Adams. p^^hension? Ten ye;.rsago, who ^^oM

have thouglit that the o])inioiiS of the

The language employed by Mr. Gil-
mer, is clear and explicit. He says:
"I believe his opinion on this subject

departed Jciferson would iiave been
slighted by Republicans in th s cou. trv;

was notorious among those who poss-ja^'d those' of Pickering, Colema:., Jloss,
fissed any share of his confidence. Ijand Rowai- preferred? Ti-ese tl ia^s
remember to have heard Mr. Jefferson, j ghovv the mutability of human opiiiions,
on one occasion, use an expression, j and (iern(,„j;t,.;ite the danger of tonfid

which struck me, not so much by the
sentiment it contaii-.ed (which indeed
was then a very common one in Vir-
giiiia) as the style in which it was made.

ing too mucli in our own judgment,
when excited by party. Let republi-
cans, and all patriots reflect upon it.
It has been said that '■'■parli/ is the mad-

Speakinc of theseyeral^ candidates for |„„, gj- if,,, many, for the good of the few.''

In the present contest the /ijcn^ who
support Gen. Jackson, are made mad,
that the General and a frzc wouldbp
great men, may get liigii ofliccs. Tiie
General may gain the Presidency, and
others may gain Secretaryships, and
("orcign Embassies, but what will the
many, the people who do the labor, and
bear the heat of the day, what will,
what can they gain?

the Presidency, l)efore the last election
he remarked tiiat ^'ane might as -well
make'a sailor of a cock, or a soldier of a
goose,as a President of Andri-.c Jackson.'"
These words made an indellible im-
pression on mv memory. Tliey were
uttered with a tone of sportive, almost
of contemptuous derision. Mr. Jeffer-
son was descanting at the time when
this remark waseliciled, on the prone-
ness of the multitude to gi^e :i man
who possessed one virtue, credit for
others which he did not possess or ofl
the want of discrimination in the pub-
'lic-mind, where any thing like enthu-
siasm and favoritism was mingled with
a subject."

Every reader can understand what

.TACKSOX & NEW-ORLEANS.

This 8th day of January, 1 828, Gen.
Jackson is invited to a civic feast, at
New-Orleans, to celebrate the event,
uiK)n which his principle claim to pre-

■:ort of a sailor could be made of a cock, 'eminence is rested. AA'hilst it is ad-
rv.A how a sjnosc- would figure as ai'mitf''d that N'cw-Orleair-; i-; the llicatre

Ip

JACKSOV & \r\T-nt?rF4\S.

wn'.M-i' Ge I. .1 ic.-.so.i periorm. (i act-
cr ditablc to himself, and advaiit.iKeou?
to his country: it must aUo be co.i-
ccdid. it is t!ie placi; wiierc at tlie
3;irno 'ime, lie did murh to taniisii the
fa;ne lie liad acquired. Here it was
h'- set at naug It the Co.isiitution and
jjaws of his country, and trampled un-
der his feet the ria;lits of hi;; ft'llow-citi- 1
Zeis-, with ala'»l(sj disregard of every
thing: but his own will.

Tiicre is no mitter in our country'
more misiriderstood by tiio well dis-
p i-^ed, a, id more systematically misrep-
resented by the supporters ol'Ge:iei'al
Jirkson, than the ilbual proceedMgs
of the G<neralat New Oilca.is. Jt is
▼crv gencrailv asserts-d and believed,
that the high lia:ided measures ol tiie
General Wfrc resorted lo, at the mo-
ment when the city was bcsi<!ged b\ the
et:emv, and when treason was employ-
ed ivitiiin it, which it was ncccjsar;. to
delect and arrest. Noliiing can be
farther from the truih. The great bat-
tle was fouglit on the 8iii of January,
1815. On the i9th of tliai mo.ith tiie
British forces evacuated the country
and embarked on hoard their siiips,
and on liic 20tli and 2lst, Gen. Jack-
aou with his pri:ici))al forces retuiiied
to the city in triumph. And from tiiat
time there was a geiiera! cnursi.- of ex-
uliation and rejoiring tiiroug'iout tiie
place, until the arrest and imprison-
ments took place more than a mo..th .il-
terwards.

Gen. .Jackson enforced some veiy
harsh measures agiii .si (lie French in-
haliitanls. tifier it was uiiofficially
known that peace was established. —
Tlieselcd Mr. Lonailiierlo make apul>-
lication conlaining strictures upon
tl • proccedijigs. This publicalion was
made the 3d of March, 1815. For ma-
king this puiilicalion he was arrested,
a. il with his arrest the outrage com-
menced. He was tried by a Court
Martial upon the following charges:
1. Mutiny.
2 Kxciting to rauliny.

3. General misconduct.

4. Being a spy.

T;. Illi'gal and improper conduct.
0. Disobedience of oi'lers.
7. Writing a willful and conipt libel
against (be General.

E. U -oldieily cj..duci.

9. Violation of a general order.

Tile publieati>n in question wa< ad-
duced as a specification to support
t'very one of these ciiarges. This ar-
ticle, wliicii was made to include the
Commission of so many atrocities, is
here inserted, and thereader is respect-
liillv re(|uested to read it carcfullly, a,id
ask him-ell, what tliere is in it that can
be mi*chiivous or criminal.

** Mr. Editor : To remain silent on the
la>t genenil orders, directing all the
Frenchmen who now reside in New-
Orlcaig, to leave it within three days,
and to keep at a distance of 1 20 mib-s of
it, would be an act of cowardice which
ought not to be expected from a eiiizeu
of a free country; and when everj
O'lC laments sucli an abuse of authoritv,
, the press ought to denounce it lo the

people.

In order to encourage a communica-
tioi. helweeii both c>iun(iies, the 7tk
and 8<h article.- of tlie treaty of cession,
secure lo the Frencii who shall cnmo te
Louisiajia, cerlain commercial advan-
tages which they arc to enjoy during a
term of twelve years, which are hot
yei expired — at the expiration of tiial
terni. lliey shall be treated in the siimc
manner as tlic most favored nation. A
peace, which nothing is likely lo dis-
tur!), uniliiig both ealions. The French
have until this moment, been treated
in (!ie United Spates with that regard
which a great People deserve and re-
quires, even in its reverses, and with
tiiat gtiod will which so eminently dis-
tinguislies the American Goveriment
in its relations with foreign nations. In
such circumstances, what can be the
motives which have induced (he com-
mander in chief of the 7th Military
District to issue general orders of so
Vexatious a nature? AVhen ihe for-
eigners of every nation, when the
Spaniards, and even the English, arc-
sulU'red to remain unmolested among
us, shall the French alone be condemii-
|ed lo ostracism, because they rendered
I so great services? Had they remained
1 i;eiitle spectators of the late events,
I could their sentiments towards us be
|iloubied, then we might merely be sur-
l prised at the course no'r followed with
■regjirdto them. But how are we to

JACKSON .1- NEW-OlltEANS.

"sr

l-efrain our indignation, when we re-
mcniber that those vcr}' Frcnchmrn
who arc now to be exiled, iiaveso pow-
erfully fontrilmtcd to the pres^ervation
of Louisiana, without speaking of the
corps who so eminently distinguished
themselves, in wiiich we see a number
o/ Frenchmen rank cither as officers or
privates: how can we forget that they
■wen- FreiKJi artillerists, who directed
and served a part of those pieces of
cannon which so greatly ainioyed the
British forces? Can any one flatter
himself that so important services could
have so soon been ibrgotten? No, they
are engraved in everlasting characters
in tlie hearts of all the inhabitants of
Louisiana, and tliey shall jjcrform a
brilliant part in the liistory of our coun-
try; and when those brave meri ask no
other reward but being permitted
peaceably to enjoy among us, the rights
secured to them bv trealies, and the

should have left it in the power of the
severnl commanders of military Dis-
tricts to dissolve ail at once the ties of
friendship which unite America to llie
nations of Europe? Would it be pos-
sible that peace or war could depend
upon their caprice and the frie; dsliip
01- enmity they might entertain for any
nation? We do not hesitate in declar-
ing that nothing of the kind exists.—
Tlie President alone, has by law, the
right to adopt, against alien cneriiicSf.
such measures as the state of war may-
render necessary; and for that purj)Ose
he must issue a protlamation; but thig
is a power which he cannot delegate.
It is by virtue of that law, and of a
proclamation, that the sulijects of Great
Britain were removed from our ports
and sea shores. But we do not k ow
any law authorizii g Gen. Jackson to
apply to nlien fricnds^a. measure which
ttie President of the U. S. himself has

laws of America — far from sharing in | only the right to adopt against alien
the sentiments which iiave dictated the \encmic^.

general order, we avail ourselves of this
opportunity to give them a public tes-
timony of our gratitude.

Far from us the idea that there be a
3i :»glc Frenchman, so pusillanimous as
to forsake his country merely to please
the military commander ot tliis Dis-
irict,and in order to avoid the proscrip-
tion to which he has chosen to con-
demn them; we may therefore expect
to see them repair to the Consul of
their iiation, there to renew the act
whicii binds them to their<ountry; but,
in supposing that, yielding to a senti-
mei>t of Tear, they consent to cease to
be Fri-nch citizens, would tliey by such
an abjuration, become American citi-
zens? No, ccrtai.ly they would not;
the man who would be powerful enough
to denationalize them, would not be
powerful enough to give them a coun-
iry. It is better therefore, for a man
to remain a tliithful Frenchman, than
to snircr himself to lie scared even by
the martial law; alaw useless when the
presence of the foe and honor call us to
arms, but wiiicii becomes degrading,
when their shameful fliglit suller us to
enjoy a glorious rest, which fear and
(error ought not to disturb.

But could it be possible that the con-

Our law*s protect stangers who come
to settle or reside among us. To tlie
Sovereign alone belongs the riglU of de-
priving them of that protection; and
all those wlio ktiow how to appreciate
the title of an American citize:i, and
who arc ac(|uain(ed with th.eir pre-
rogatives will easily understand that,
by the Sovereign I do, by no mea is,
intend to designate a ftlnjor Gei cral,
or any other military commander to
whom I williiigly grant the power ot
issuing general orders like the o!;e in
que?tion, but to whom I deny that of
having them executed.

Ifthe last genera] order has no other
object but to inspire in us a salutary
fear, it is only destined to he read ; if it
is not to be tbllowed by any act of vio-
lence, if it is only to be executed by
tho-c who may chuse to leave the city
ill order to enjoy the pure air of tho
country, wc shall forget that extraor-
dinary order: but should any thing
elsehiippen, nc arcofopinion that the
tribunals s!iall sooner ot later, do jug.
tice to tlie victims of that illegal order.

Every alien friend who shall contin-
ue to respect the laws which rule our
country, shall continue to he entitled
to their protection. Could thatgeeer-

Ftitution "and the laws of our ce-niifrv :nl. or'ior be applied to us* V''o- fhoulU

<■»

.IA«»KseN A- NEW -ORLEANS.

calmly wait until we were forced hy\ tioii of Fort Bo\rjer. The taking of
violence to execute it, well convinced: this fort, on the l:2tli of February, wds
of the firmness of the magistrates who; the last act of hostiiity done by tli^
are the organs of the laws in this part Enfilisti forces, admiral Cocivijuru liay-
of the Union, and guardians of public ing been inibrmed, oii trie ensuing day,
order. llie 13th, hi an oUicial bulleiiri rec<^ivcd

Let us conclude by saying, that it is I'rom Jamaica, that a treaty ot j. ace

liigh time tiic laws should resume their
empire, that the citizens of this state
Hhbuid return to tiie full enjoyment of
their rights; that in acknowledging
that we are indebted to Gen. Jackson
for the preservation of our city, and the
defeat of the British, wc do not feci
much inclined, tlirongh gratitude, to

had been signed at Ghei t, on ihe ■24tl»
of December. \Ve see page 226, oi the
Historical Memoirs already cited, tiiat
immediately after the c.ipiiul.ttion of
that fort. General Lamt>ert, and admi-
ral Cockburn, expcciing at every mo-
ment the ratilicaiion ol" t!;e tieaty by
the President and the Senate of tlie

sacrifice any of our privileges, r.nd less ^ United States, made the necessary pre-
than any other, that of expressing our, parations for the cmiiarkatiou and Je-
opinion about the acts of his adminis- 1 parture of their troops,
tion; tlial it is time the citizens ac- My pul'lication appeared in the Cou-
■cusedofany crinae should be rendered ' rier, 21 days after Col. Fdward Livings-
to t'leir natural judges, and cease to be ' ion (now our represe^ta!i\e in Con-
broug'ht before special or military tri-|gress,) had returned from ihe English
buiials, a kind of institutions held in ab-, lleet, a::nouncing to Ccn. Jackson tiie
horrence, even in absolute Govern- arrival of the sloop of war lJrazen,whicli
jnents; and that after having done had brouglit the news of the sigiiingof
enough for glory, the moment ofmod-i the preliminaries of peace,
eration has arrived; and finally, tliat| Finally. the publicaiion represented
(he acts of authority which the inva-'as (ending to disorganize tiie army,
sion of our country and our safety may made its appearance 33 days af^e^Gen.
have rendered necessary, are, since the .Jackson had written to the Secretary
evacuation of it by the enemy, no Ion- of ^Var, that he considered Louisiana
ger compatible with our dignity and as deli\ercd from the enemy, durnig

our oath of making the Constitution
respected.''

which 53 days, with the exception of
the taking of Ibrt Bowycr, no ei:gage-

That every honest enquirer after mcnt took place between tlie English
truth may know the circumstances in and American forces."
which the above pul)lication was made, I The injustiic of Gen. Jackson's at-
Ihe following statement is extracted tack upon the c!<aracter of Mr. Louall-

from a publication recently made by
Mr. Louaillier.

"What were the circumstances in
which Gen. Jackson had recourse to

lier, is fully established by the follow-
ing, being part of an orderor bulletin,
issued by Gen. Jackson himself, on the
1 jth of Januarv. 1815,after the victory,

those extreme and harsh measures? and bitorc anv ditliculty arose.

In what situation wore we placed oir "The wounded prisoners who fill

Ihe 3d of March, with respect to the our hospitals,are treated with the ut-

Knglish army? To understand this
well, and to judge what possible evil
my pulilicalion of the 3d of March

most care and attention; mattrasses
and blankets were, the very night of
their arrival in town, provided by con-

rould produce, it is necessary to know Uribution from the iiiliabitanls. Mr.
that it was made. ' Louailliii., ainrmbrrnftfie Hdiisc of Rip-

1st. Forty one days after Geuer;i\\ nsi nialivcs. fruin thr C^lousas, has on
Jackson and his army had li'ft the camp this ocrafioii, >-hozrn a :cnl and philnnthro-
near the battle ground, to return io\ pi/ ihnt ilocsliimtht hii^hrst honor.'"

New Orleans:

2d^ Forty-three days after the evao-
ijation of Louisiana by the F.nglish;

And I wen! v da\s aOer the capi'i-Ia-

Gen. Jackson, in a letter to Mr. Post-
master IM'Leap, written in lo2-l,to pre
vent Mr. Fuller Skipwith, who ^yas
Sprnker of the J^ei.ate, when New-

JACKSON & NJirW-OnLEANS.— JACKSON'S THREATSl

■4SS

Orleans was invaded, from getting a
post office appointment, represents the
Conduct of himseir and some other
members as very suspicious.' From a
work entitlid-HistoricalMemoirsof the
War of 1 8 14- 1 1^ ! &,'' by Major Latour,
wi-itlen principally to build up and sus-
tain Ihe fame ofGen. Jack-on, the sub-
joined extract is given, to prove how
very unjustly the General casts out this
imputation.

and Soullie, who co-operated with him
in his honorable exertions, a sufiicieni
reward, yet I must be allowed to pay
those gentlemen, the tribute of applause
so justly due to them."

In further proof of the same fact.
Gen. Carrol, in a letter written at camp
Henderson, and dated March 2d, 1815,
holds the following language:

" I hope you will convey to the legis-
lature the grateful sentiments with

"The deplorable condition of a great : which 1 am impressed for the honoi-
number of militia men of this and the j done me and the troops whom I com-
adjacent states, who were in want of mand

clothing, in an inclement season, and
obliged by the nature of the service,
to Ijc constantly exjjosed in the open
air, excited the sensibdity of the citi-
zei^s. Mr. Louaillier, the elder, a
member of the House of Representa-
tives, obtained from the Legislature the
sum of six thousand dollars, which was
pat at the disposition of a committee

" i cannot withhold the expressionV
of gratitude due to the people of New
Orleans, for their benevolence in fur-
nishing our autlering soldiers with
warm clothing, during the inclemency
of the weather, while they were be-
fore our works.

"They have administered to our
sick and wounded every friendly at-
formed for their relief. Subscriptions ' teiition, and extended to them all the
were also open at New-Orleans for the | rights of humanity."
same purpose, and another sum of six i Yet do the idolizers of Gen. Jack-
thousand dollars was soon subscribed, , son say, that his arrest of Mr. Louail-
and it is to be observed, that the Or-lier, and all his subsequent violations of
leans volunteers and militia, not satisfi- law, disregarding the writ of habeas
od v.itli discharging their dutv to their corpus, and imprisoning judges are
country, by their presence in the camp, justified, because of the existence of
sent for a subscription list, and tilled it treason, in the vicinity of the enemy,
with their signatures. Tiie country i The facts herr stated show that there
of the German Coast subscribed about , is no foundation for this apology; and
tliree thousand sis hundred, and that of ' leaves the General justly obnoxious to
-Attekapas remitted to the committee , the charge of acting only upon the im-
five hundred doll irs. The whole sum,' pulses of his own passions. Still he is
thns obtained, incKidi- g what was j honored with a civic feast at New Or-
voted by the Legislature, amoun'ed to i leans. The supporters of the General
sixteen thousand one hiniilred dollars, [are not unlike the ox decorated foi-
and w;is laid out in purcliasing blankets ! slaughter:

tmd woollens, which were distributed ! " PUasui to the last, he empped thcjlowtnifong^
amon" the ladies of New Orleans, to be ' -^'"' ticked ike hand jtul raised to alied his blood.'.'

made into clothes. Within one week — "^^jf^ —

twelve hundred blanket-cloaks, two' nE\. JACKson's threats.

hundred and seventy-five waistcoats, A statement hasbeen made and ob"
clcven handredand twentv-seven paira ; tained circulation, that Gen. Jacksoa

of pimtiloons, eight hundred shirts,
four hui.dred and ten pair of shoes,
and a great number of niattrasses were

had avowed a detennination, to assail
Mr. Senator Eppes with violence, in the
Senate Chamber, and was only re--

made up, or purchased ready made, strained by the determined inter-
and distriliuted amonc; our i)rct!iren| ference cf Com. Decatur. The truth
inarms, who stood in the greatest needt of this statement Gen. Jackson has de-
ofthem. Though the gratitude of nied, in a letter written to Mr. Grundy;
their fellow citizens, and the conscious- but the denial is altogether technical,

ness of the patriotic services, be, to
3fr. T.ouaillie'', p"d to Messr?. Dubij's

and confined to the language used, and
circumstaiices coiinected with ih.c stale-

id

91SS. JACKSON'S TIIKEATS.

ment in relation to Com. Decatur.
We believe Gen Jackson as far as his
statement goes. But he has not ven-
tured to deny the principal and materi-
al fact", in which the statement most
evidently had it: foundation.

Gen. Jackson visited Washington, in
the commencement of the year 1819,
when his condurt, in the Seminole war
•was under irivesligation in Congress.
He at the same time visited Baltimore.
Philadelphia, and New York.a^ ittlicn
seemed, for no purposi_', hut to receive
such public attentions, as might make
an impression, on the proceedings of
Congress. The papers of the . day
stated that he was at Baltimore, par-
taking of a public dinner. w''.en the
Feport of the senate wa< received; and
that he uttered much violent and me-
nacing language. He proceeded im-
mediately to Washington, where, it was
alleged, he continued tlic same tone of
conversation. It was Just at tlic period
of the adjourruncnl of Congress, and an
article was published in li»e N'^ational
Intclligencer,containing strong animad-
versions, upon the senatorial report.
This was attributed to some one or
moreof those who w ere in theOenerars
suite. Gen. Abner Laroek, who was a
member of the senatorial committee, re-
mained in the city, and immediately
made a publication in reply. He com-
mented with dignity and moderation,
but with severity, upon the publication,
and al~o upon tlie conduct of llie Gen-
eral, and t!iO;0 who attended liim. Af-
ter speaking of the language used by
the latter, he adds:

" Their |iprsoiiiil invcctivc-i correspond en-
tirely with Gen. Jackson's nbsi rvMlii.ns in the
public taverns und hiill rooms of Washinjton;
for it i' a fact notcrions, anil ciuinot l>cilenic(l,
tliat on those occasions Iie wjh i-'iri/erotix in his
imprrrutions, and rinlml Inliis threats n/ personal
vcni^eanrc, even to mK (LTTING off tuf,
KARS nf some nf Vie ntemt/ers nf the Selfct Com-
mittee, anil Ihie, while tlic suhject was hcfo-c
the Senate: iin>l sorni- nicnibnrs of the Mouse of
fle|iresentnlivcs, who dared to aniinnilvert mion
his conduct, or even to donhi his iufullihility.
u-erc menaced nearli/ in the snme ?nan/w/"'\','/

This, it must he observed, was no
anonymous publication. Gen. Lacock
subscribes it with his name; l!ien it
was not contrndiclod, it is not nov.- con-
tradicteil b\ Gen. Jackson.

Tlieditrcrence between tlio two state-
ments consists m'^re in matmcr and

place than in matter. The General
did not wail in the anti-chamber of the
Senate to assault Mr. Eppes. He was
not restrained from donjg so, by Com.
Decatur. He did not declare bis in-
tention to the Conunodore, and recvive
a reply that he should not execute the
threat i)ut over the dead body of the
Commodore. But, neverthele^?, the
General, "in the public Imerns uiid ball
room^, oflViishinglim"' was '■^vociferous i/i
his imprccatiojis, and tiulcnl in his threats
of personal vcngcnncc acn to the cut-
ting OFF THE EARS of some of tlic mem-
bers of the select committee."

This violence and these Uireats against mem-
bers of the Senate, for a fearless performance of
their duty, arc the substantial grounds of ob-
jection against the General. It is of no great
importiincc where they were made, or by whom
their execution was prevented. Perhaps it may
be deemed the most reprehensible course to hold
such language in taverns and ball rooms, and
finally to let the whole end in empty gascon-
ade. It is certainly more inconsistent with the
conduct of a brave man than that which the
General has (hmied. To form a rash determi-
nation and make arrangements to execute it:
then to be deterred by the timely and rosolutii
remonstrance of a respected friend, seems more
in character with greatness nf mind, than
blustering lu taverns, or brawling in ball rooms,
without an effort to do wh.it was threatened.

Gen. Jackson and his friends have thoiighf
that it was incumbent upon them to put in a
denial, with respect to the alleged scene, in the
;inti-chaiuber of the Senate. They thus con-
cede that the conduct imputed to die General,
in that ease, U well calculated to show his un-
litiiess for ihe Presidency. The actual facts,
as stated by Gen. Lacock, are not, and nevei
have been disputed. They are us eonclusivi ..
as those denied, to show the General's disquali-
fication for that high ollicc. They are in ac-
uordance too, with much of the General's past
life. Taverns have neen the thiatre where he
has most frequently displayed himself: violence
and threats very common weapons in his hands:
empty bhisterin.; olten the re=ult.

Patrick H. Dirby, Esq. of Frankfort, for some
time a rcident of Na.duille, and in intimacy
with the Geniral, has made a publication,
st;iting that about the time of these transac-
tions, he I'requenlly heard Gen. Jackson hold
l.inguige of tlie same tenor witli that referred
to, by Gen. l..acock. A recent number of the
I'iltsburch Gazette, makes the sulijoincd re-
mark, upon the letter of Mr. Grundy :

" The letter of Gen. Jackson to Feli\ Grun-
dy, gins the lie completely to the Untement
frei)iitnllij made upon the same siihiect by Hen-
ry Baldwin. Where did Mr. Ualdwin get hi^
account of this in:itter? llu was at Washing-
ton in inin. Mr. lialdwia slinukl publish hu
account in his own Jusliucation."

Here we rest this Mibject. \o doubt, «e think,
can exist, but that the Gen'l.utleieil tlie threats
imiuited to him Should such a ii'anlie olaeed
in llie highest oflicc of a free, a nrarcablc !»lt>'-
christian people?

■II III II ■■ miiwi ■ J'Ajajuntm'MMsuiBKvtx.mamM

TMUTM'S ADVOCATE

AND

MO\THIiY ANTl-J\CRSO\ EXPOSITOR.

CliVCINNATl, OHIO, FEBRUARY, 1828.

LIFE OF <;E>E1!AL JACKSON.

Few men, iiitlie woild, have enjoy-
ed the opportunity to obtain high rcpu-
tU!on,so ciieaply as Gi'n. Jackson. Un-
til he had passed the 46th year of liis
ago, he was little known, except in his
own state. Stations of distinction had
f)eeii CO fcrred upon liiin. But lie re-
tained them only lor a short time: and
abandoned them, without being dis-
tinguished, either as a Statesman or a
Jurist. However he may liave been
estimated amongst his immediate
friends, he was in a great degree un-
known to the nation, who were conse-
<iuently unacquainted with his delects
or excellencies of character.

In September, 1813, Gen. Jackson
was invested with command to conduct
tlie Creek War. On the 20th of Janu-
.'.ry, 1815, he had achieved the expul-
>ion of the British forces, from the at-
tack upon New Orleans, and acquired
a high military reputation. His ope-
jatioas had been conducted principal-
ly in a wilderness country; he had sub-
dued the Creek Indians, and made a
treaty with them of his own dictation.
He evidenced high militarv talent in
most of his movements, and tlie victory
of New Orleans had idcuitified him with
the interest, the glory ,and the pride of
the nation. All this had cost him but
u labour of sixteen moiitlis; and had lie
possessed only a common share of mode-
ration and discretion, he iNould have
-tood amongst the first of her citizens,
in the atfections, and in the esteem of
Lis country. I think it may safelv
be asserted, that no man ever acquired
an equal standing at so ciicap a rate, i

His attack upon the freedom of the !
citizen and the liljertv of the press. f»nd ;
tlie open contempt and dciiancc of law, j
tiiat closed his career at N . Orlcans,were
deeply regretted througli the counlrv, I
•not only upon account of their pernicious I
example, but becan>e (lioy ca.-.t a deepi
.-.hade Uj)onthc good and ihegreatnanie,!
which all were willing.shonld be ronce'd-
(Arl!ob-:n. Soardentwas'l't-ntiKHc f"cl-l

ing in his fa^or, that with something like
universal consciit, the outrar'cs were
permitted to pass in silence, or noticed
ivith very disqualified approliation.

In 1818, he was charged with con-
ducting the Seminole War. Here
again, successful in hi- main object, he
pushed hissucci ss to alarming extremi-
ties calculated-lo involve the peace of the
nation, ajid endanger its traiiquility.
Altiiough the to;ie of disapprobation
was now raised to a strong expression
with many, still the country was indis-
posed to scrutinize closely, or censure
severely, one who was so much a fa-
vorite. Appointed, in 1G21, to the of-
fice of civil Governor of Florida, he
again indulged, in excesses of authority,
which though none could juslily, most
were still ready to exiuse. There
has been no instance of the same de-
gree of forbearance, in cases of eveu
much less injurious character, towards
any citizen ofour Repul>lic.

In 1822, he was nominated a candi-
date for the Presidency, and though
the canvass was, on the part of his sup-
porters, exceedingly acrimonious, still,
with a lew partial exception?, he wai
treated with respect. Defeated in his
prospect of success, at the moment hope
was the highest, his friends and himself,
assuming that a mighty wroi;g was
done to him, commenced their assaults
upon the characters of others, and have
continued them, until i'lc attention of
the country has naturally been drawn
to that of the General himself. Investi-
gations have taken place, facts have
been disclosed, and traits of character
developed that have greatly ch.anged
the general opinion of his meiits. He
is no longer the favorite of the nation.
He is now but the chiet of a party,
who become more vociferous ar.d un-
qualified in their commendations, as
they become more doubtful of their
justice.

Amongst the means resorted to for
the purpose of extending his etiebritv,
on'- was tiie publication of bis biogri'.-

li

LIFE OF GE.\LKAL JACKSON.

pliy. This work made its appearance,
in lar£;c octavo,in the year 18i!4, in the
verv heat ot" the Presidential canvas^.
It wa? written by the General's partial
iVieiid, and under his own observa-
tion: and it is throughout a labour-
ed eulog)-, rather than an imparti
al history. There are some facts dc
tailed in, and connected with this work,
that serve stron;.'ly to ilkistnite. at once
the true character of the General him
self, and the means employed to give
him repulation, whether he de^ei-ve it
or not. It is my present intention to
give a full and fair explanation of two
transactions noticed in tRis biographv,
in a manner which the facts do not war-
rant. I have selected these two, be-
cause I iiavc possessed myselfof authen-
tic documents, whicli show that they
are not correctly stated.

In the 18th page of "The life of
Andrew Jackson," '% Jnhn H. En-
ton, Senator of the United States.''' —
we have the following account of his
services as a member of ihc Senate:

"The following year his reputution

continuing to increase, and every bosonj
feehns: a wish to raise him to still higher
hunori). he was chosen a senjilcr of l!ie
United States Congress, and took his seat
on the 'J'jn (lay of November, 1797. A-

noxious lo the reputilicans of this country,
at the srs-i r.n of 1798. were Anderson.
HlooiUvorth. liionn. Foster. Green. Jack-
son, LHiigilyn, Livermore, iMaitin, Mason.
Tiizpnelj. AgMin-t the tepeul, I hip-
man, t'laylon, Gooiiliue Hillhouse, How-
ard, Laliuier. La-^rence, Lloyd, .Vo./A,
P.iiiie, Head. Jiutlttrjord, Sedgwick, S<o*i^
Ion, 'J'racy."

According to the Statement here made.

'\ Gen. Jackson was absent from his posl
as Senator, during the three la-i months
of the sf"s>ion, attending to his own "iu-
fiitr.^s of an importnnt aivi private nature,'^
This argues very little for his attention
to public dutVs 'ri«re ci^pc. i^dly r.s it
was at a lime when party feeling ran
high, and when tiic strong measures of
tlie elder 3Ir. Adams's administration
were in agitation. During this period
the obnoxious Satilion Lnxv was passed,
and Gen. Jackson, was not there to op-
pose it. But, '•on the alirn lav hoic-
ncr, ami the effort to npeal the stainy
ficl he v:iispreKnt, resting (voting) in
the minority and on the one side of the
Republican principles of the country."'

I Tiie language here employed, leaves
it doubtful whether the author menni
to assert that the General voted on the
passage of the alien law. or on an^
other proposition in respect to it. Bui

bout the middle of April, business of an I '" the note, it is stated as a vote, 'for a
itnporiaiil and privati- natuic. imposed I r.^uca/ o///u o/fV/i and stamp acts v^ and
on him the necessity of asking leave of | the yeas and nays are given. The

reader of course, concludes that Gen.
Jackson vo!cd to repeal the famon*
alien lav.-, regarded as a twin brother
of the sedition law, and always asso-
ciated v. iih it. Such, however, is not

absence, and returning liome. Leave was
granteil. and before the next sessi'^n he
resigned hisrcat. lie »\ as but little more
than thirty J ears of age. and lipnce scarce-
ly eligible, by the constiiuiion, at the
time be "as elected. The sedition law

liiiir ■■<: ...1= cin,itn. 1 IIU M^UIIIUII iaW,,iK, r,„. ri-i 111. .

about which so much concern and leelino- 1 '^ ^ , ^.^ "'""''^ subject is most

has been manilestcd through tliecoimtrv,
was introdiirerl ir.lo the sen:tte, by JlV.
Lloyd of .Mary bnul, in .tunc, and passed
that body on the 4!h of July followmg;
hence the name of Jackson, on ing to the
IcriTC of abiciicc wiiichhiid been granted
him in April, does not appear on the
journals. On the alien lau\ ho-^-ever, anri
lite cJfoTt to repeal ihc stamp a^t he was
present, resting in the iniaoniy, and on
the .«ide of Ihc Itcpublican principles of
the country."

To this a note is appended in the
following lerni^:

"Those senaors who voted for a repeal
of the alien and si

trangely misrepresented," as may be
put beyond all doubt by a refereii^ce to
the journals of the Senate, for that
session.

The proposition which linallv result-
ed in the passage of "the alien lazr,"
originated i:i the Senate, on the 25th of
April, 1798, [Journal 249.] on the
motion of IMr. Hillhouse to appoint a
committee. Tlie bill was reported by
Mr. LivCrmore, from the committee, on
tlie Ith of May, read the lir-ttime a;,d
ordered to its second reading. [Jo rrnni
269.] It W.1S continued under lonsid-
enition until the 8lh of June, when it

imp acts, so Ob- pa«sed the Senate [Journal 338] and

AJLIE-V A>U STA.UI' ACiji FORl^ JACKSON l>ONATiO\.

43

was sent to tlie House. II passed bofli' real grent men require the aid of tricks
Houses on the ~22d of June,and was ap- like ilii;;, to secure them reputation?
proved by the President on the 2jtli.
Tlie Journal shows that on the l'2tli of
April. '-Mr. Jackson obtained leave of

absenee after Monday next for the re-
mainder of the session." Of course he
•ouid not have voted '-/or a repeal of ihc

riic other transaction, which I pro-
pose to notice, has been occasionally
glanced at, but.those who have toudi-
ed it, have omitted to probe it to the
bottom. Tiie docmneiils and puhlic
proceedings have been carefully l.id

alien act,^^ which was not in agitntion| away without publication; and the
antil n-ficrhe left bis seat!! ; glossings of the biography have been

A vote to repeal the stamj) act i
strangely associated with the alleged
vote to repeal tlie '■'■aVun act.'^ ^fothing
in Legislation, would be more impro

permitted to pass for truth. This pro-
cedure I shall now correct, by present-
ing the facts as they really took place.
After subjugating the Creek nation of

bablo than uniting tiiese two subjects '"dia'is, General Jackson was appoint-

together, and taking upon them a joint

ed to make a treaty with them, aided

vote. That no such vote was taken is 'w Col. Hawkins, who Uad long been
that the alien law an Indian agent of the Government in

clear from the fact

was not in existence to be repealed.

At (be prceeding session the law usu-
ally called '■Hlie stamp acl.^' had been pas-
sed. In Uie Senate of the United
States on the 8th of January, I79S,
Mr. Greene of Rhode Island asked tor
leave to bring in a bill to repeal thi
•'■stamp act "k\nA leave was refused, ayes
ll,no<:sl5. The ayes are precisely
the same stated, in the note before quo-
ted; but the noes are as follow: 7i;'/(i;

that coiiitry. The treaty was held at
Fort Jackson; and after some time
spent in negociation a treaty was con-
cluded on the 10th of August, 1811. —
We are tokl in tlie work of Major Ea-
ton, page 197, that "General Jackson
was directed to treat with the Creeks
as with a conquered people, and to/;rf-
seribe^ not negociate the terms and con-
ditions of peace." A singular Iransar.
tion took place during the time, whilst

hxim, Chipman, Goodfme, Gunn, HiJlj ^CJicral Jackson was>y)-e«r/i//,g<rnji<r
house. Howard Hunter, Latimer,! '^"- f'ot n'-g-oc/o/iVijj with this subjuga-

Lloyd, jMirshall, Paine, Read, Ros
Sy'dgewick and Tracy. Journal 72.

There is something very singular in
the misquoting of the votes in the neg-
ative on this occasion. Six Senators
were absent. Five are inserted as vo-
ting, that the Journal shows did not

ted and conquered people, which is thus
represented by Major Eaton,pagcs 207,
208,209:

"In the progress of this business nnotlier
difficulty arose: the council insii-ted that
there should be insertc'l in (bo treaty a
resorv.ilion ofcerlain trr.cts of land; one
for colonel H;nvkins, in consi:ier.i(i(m of

vote^ to wit; Ch'/ton, Ww, Mrtk hi. n.lcluy to them as an a^-nt; and an
Rutherforrl and Stockton. V ive who did oiber (o Jackson, because of the cratitude

vote are omitted, to wit: Bin^fiam,
Gttnn, Hunter, Marshall awl Ross. —

telt tiiwards him for his exertions in tiieir
favor against the hostile Creeks. To this

This seems to have been deliberately tlic General ohjerteJ. It was personal as it
done,for the purpose of misleading. A! regarded himself, and he ivas unwilling to
person searching after the vole as*la-t acP^ar in any point of view, uhere sus-
ted,findi:!a that tlie names did not cor-j Pinion could attach, that he had availed
respond, would probably be induced lol himself, of his official situation to obtain
conclude some other occasio.i was re-| ''^ ■"'""''' ^-p"':''''; '""'Lv aware, that how-
ferred to, and so permit the misstate-i f."" "'" l^f "•''^'" '"^Z '^"^''' •^?"''^«'-«-
ment to ,>ass without detection. Here! '°'^' 7"''' ^'f ""1"""' ■■'' ^" '"•■'""■^5"t
., . ' , . I -1 .1 Jto waat was (lone Uc rcfusctl. therefore

tlien IS conclasive record evidence thai;, „ ,,^.,^ -, ,.„^^^,^^;. ^,„,, ^^ ,.^^ ^J,^^^

Gen. Jackson did not vote upon any, ^ea^on, that the instructions under >vhicb
proposition to repeal tne alien law, and; he was acting, required it to he a cae-
tlVat the journal of the Senate havej it„i:.iion, not a treaty. 7flc wtxT work.
been mis'pioted lor the poor purpose of:,. N-c. Itnj.-ever, ii7ic.i they met in covndt to
maintaining thai !if did so vote. — Do ^/^'n 'bo )«srr"?n»>T.',tIic chiefs delivered to

u

LIFE or t.E\. JACKSON.

the general :i paper, expressing a wish.-
and disclo'-iiig iheir reasons, ihai a reser '
valion to hiinself. — colonel ilawkiof, and I
iMaytield, who being made a prisoner io '
his yo'ilh, had always resided in the na
•ion. might be a-^^enfed to; and requested ■
it to he forwardeii on anrl made Imoirn ',
to the government. Jackson consented to
do su, and In recommend its adoptvm; but |
tiiat the reservation that ihey had thmiuhl \
prupcr Io rei]iip^t, it assented to. he laoutii I
accept fifon no other terms 1,'ian their father I
the preaident sHOVLl) dispose uj it,aniiap-\
ply the proceeds to tho-e of the nation on \
xvhom distress and prrvcrlfi had heen brojtght j
by the ti-ar. !^Ir. Ma ■isoii siibsequenllj ■
liroiight this matter to the consideration
of I he Senate of the United State's, and in |
rccomoiending its adoption, higlily com-
plimented the delicacy "ith which the j
propo^iiion had been met \>y general j
Jacksoa; it was however, never acted on |
and asscnied to by the Senate." I

According to this stalcincnt, the In-'
diaiis proposed toinscrtthe donations in '
tlie treaty: bxit^'to this the Gcn.objcclcfl," :
— " He refused to have it jn.?r/-W." A'cjct j
morning, however, zvhcn they met in couiuril i
tosigii lhcin^lr>imrul,the chiefs presented
a f aper disclosing the reasons of the '
reservation, and a wish that it might he i
assented to, and made known to the ;
Government. To this tiie General as- !
sented. But in relation to- himself, if,
the Government assented, '"/ir zcoiild ac- j
cql on no other tcnmthan ihnl their ftilh- \
er, ihr President, simvi.d dispose of it"'j
for tlve benefit of tiie poor among the '
Creeks themselves. This is Major!
Eaton's account, in which Gen. Jack- j
son is first made to play the part of a'
stern, rigid, and disinterested patriot;
and second, that of a kind and bcnefi-!
cent hcnefaclor to tlie poor amongst .
the Creeks. Let us now look at the '
true state of tiie c.ise, and sec how far
it sustains these compliments to the '
General. It is siiown. by the followin-; ]
copy cf the proceedings made under the |
direction of the commissioners at the'
time, and transmitted to congress, bv !
the Prcsidont, in l]fc mess.nrre referred ;
t(<, m the above extract O'om Major
Eaton's work:

'^Kxtracltfrnm the minutes of oreurrenees at Fort
Jackson, during the nreoeialion nf Jarkjon's
Treat,!/-'' "lith August, ISIJ.

•The Chiefs of the Creek Nation ns-

seoibled at their Square, and sent for Gen-
eral JackMiTi and Col. Hawkins, tu visit
them. On ariiving iheie, the Speaker
I'ostunnuggee Thliicco. said, he Rishcd
to confer with the Geiieral.on some points
relative to the boundary "p Coosa river,
particularly to accommodate .\u he-coo-
' he at the 9oli>'italion of li-ao-l;i>.-he, Ly
t;i\iiigback 80i;ie Iniids west of Coosa.
The tjeiieral oi jt'Cled Io the accommoda-
tion, as the pcopie ill that quaiter bad
heen already suliirionlly pro\ men for. and
ihe ground asked foi h.id l>ecu the thor-
ough fare of the murrierers.

•' The Speaker then addressed the
General: — 'I'he points aow about bounda-
ry are pretty well settled, and we shall
sign it; tuit before we do it anil yield it
up. we haie something to say to you
We are a poor disire??ed people, involv-
ed in ruin, which we have brought on
ursejves. It is not caused by a foreign
people among us, but of our own colour,
of our own l.uid. and uho speak our
tongue. They arose against us Io destroy
us, and we could not h>lp ouiselves. —
We calieil on thiee brothers, Clierokees.
Chickasaws. and Choctaws, to help, but
they did not come; we then called ou
Col. Hawkins for our while fiieiids and
brothers to help and you came Vou
have saw our red and white brothers nii:t
iheir blood in battle. Vou have risked
your life fiT us. and come fiere, and here
we meet — Vou have saved my lite, and
I am thankful for it. We have put our
heads together, and consulted on it. and
have roine to one opinion about it, and
what we should do. U'e, the Creek Ac-
tion, give ynti three miles square uf lanil, to
be chosen zrhcrc yon like. fro.m wiht wk

AKK COINC TO GIVF. VV. We wisll yOU tO

take it where you like, and as near us as
you can, as. if »ve have need of you, you
will be near Io aid and advise us.

•• We give yon lli s in lememhrance of
the important services you have done us,
and as a token of gratitude of the oaticn.
There is a man near you. Col. Hawkins,
Ihe same we give him. three miles square,
lie has been long among us, helping ot us,
and doing good (or our nation, and is Iheir
friend. He and I met at Colerain and
were young men, iMid are now old. His
children iire born in our land. He is Io
select the land we give where he choo.'es
in Ihe land we nre about to give up.
and to fpt <lown • n it. and if he dies, his
children will have a jdace to live oo.
We do this ;:s a token of the sratilu''e c.f
the Nation

KORT .TA« ICON P»\ATION.

4S

'I'liern IS sl.in.l-.iii; uv VuuGeoiije May-

Mrs, tiawniiis luu-t be pul In vMili her
rielcl.a white maa .aise.l ...our Und, a 1 children, as she ha.l much ti-uhle lo

We ! tiach the Indians to ?|).n and weave.

' The instrutitciit of cunveyance uai

srood aid true min, an inteipreier. ••-,
-ive him one mile square of land, near
you. that you may have an inlerp.ele.- at
band if we have iieed of you to talk with
you.

"Hfre is an old interpreter, thirty
years in ou. service. Alexander Cornells,
■,ve gue him one mile squ.;ie of land to
set dinvn en. where he selects, near Col.
Hartkius, that he may conlicue his useful-
nc-'.' to us.

Gen. Jackson replied:— /fe should o.c

dranm acconlinglij. under the intcrpretaiwn
of Mr. Co nells and Major Mcintosh,
Commandeut of l^o.ielan

BENJ.A.MIN H.WVKINS,

Jigent for Indian Affairs.

'•9th AUGUST.

"We the undersigned Chiefs of the Creek
Nation, now assembled at the Treaty held
between the Iriendly anil ho.'-tile Indians
on the one part, ann iNlujor General

;i( „/ this na i nai mark of regard for] \„,{ie\v jMcksoiif'T the U. States, on the

him. IV Aprr.ovt.i of r.v thu I'liKsiPtNT.
and he, the President, might, if hf-
wo'jLD. appropriate its value to aid in
.•lolhing their naked -u.-otncn and children.
He zL-as ziell pleased they had noticed their
old friend Cot IJarckins and his children
horn anion^ them, and their coniuct on this
hca I to\ards him and them, nas much to
du credit of the .Nation

Col. Hawkins replied: — 1 have been
long iimon? yju. and pjrnwn grey in you.
service; I «ha I not miicii longer he you.
Agent. You all ki;nw me, that when ap
plied to by Red, White, or Bla.k. I look
ed not to color, but to the justice of the
claim. 1 shall continue to he t'liendly an i
useful to you while I live, antl my ch.lflren
born among you will be biought up as to
do the same. I accf.pt your pres iit, and
I esteem it the more his;tily. by the man
ner of bestow. ng it, as it i exulted from the
impulse of your oivn minds, and not from
any intimation from the General or me "

" S o'clock, p. M.
" This evening 'he Chiefs expressed to
Col. Hawkin.-: — They did not give to Gen-
eral Jackson, the land to day to giv-- it back
to them in clothins^ and other things; they
xfar.t him to live on it, and when be is gone
(ilead) his family may have it; and it may
always be known what the nation gave it
to him for. They say in the instrument
to convey their intentions expressed tl;is
da}', it must be plainly expressed, whai
are the towns, roasters of the land; that
they have been uniformly friemlly to the
United States, and faithl'ul lo their en-
gagements in peace anil in war; that thev
consider the extending the line through
their lands in the Lower Creeks, as taking
from them more than the equivalent of-
fered, and they have claims which should
be attended to; but as the (Jcneral ha*

other part, make known to all whom it
may Ci)ncern. that Caputan and C"owe'an
are the head towns of the Creeks, and
with Toekan Caichee and Osoackc, the
owners of the Creek laii(U. and with our-
selves, as we are masters of the land.
We have adhered faithfully in peace and
war, to ourTreaty stipulations, with the
United States. fr'inding that General
Jackson, in drawing the lines around our
country, to retain as much of that con-
quered from the hostile Indians as he
deemed just. f>iind it i;ecessary for politi-
cal motives and purposes, to run a line
from Ofucekee through our lands, which
commences on the dividing ridge, between
tne waters of the upper and lowei' Creeks,
to Chattiboacbee, and thence Easiward-
ly to the bouiiiiary of Georgia, within
which there is a g.eat quantity of lands
actually our properly, for which he, as
an equivalent, leaves to the conquered
Indians, lands between Consa and T^dla-
i>oosa. We do not dfem the exchange
as an equivalant; it shall not, however,
interfere with the run.)iiig of the line, as
we rely on the justice of the United -States,
to c:iuse justice to be done us, ann on
these condition? we request that General
Pincknev's letter of the 23d .April, to Col.
Hawkins and the answer thereto, of (he
2oth. be sent on with tiie Treaty, which
we V ill sign after deln ering this instru-
ment.

1st. Wishing to give a national mark
of gratitude to JIajor General .Andiew
Jackson, for his distinguished services
rendered us, at the head of the a. my from
''ennessee, we give and grant him, anfl
his heirs forever, three miles square of
l;ind. at such place as he may select out
of the national lands.

2d. Our nation feel under obligalion.s

no powers about them, they will sign the | to Col. Renjamin Hawkins, our .Agent, and
line with him.it bch.g demanded by him jtoM.s. Lavinia Hawkins, his wite for the
and advised by theirfriend Col. Hawkins, nnwearieri pains they hi'.ve for a long

40

UFE OFGKNlJtAL JACKKO.N-

time taken to introduce the plan of civili i apply the proceed? to those of the na-

en.inree miles sqimrp! ■ i ii i , ■ i . ...

of land, to him and h,^ heir, fcrever: T'^'"'''"''?"'/ '''"^ *^'"'^. "r'°"""-
to be located in such part of the nalional ^'"^^"" ""'^*^'' "■°""-'" '^"^ chlldrcn."-

iHnds as Col. Hawkins may select, in
one tract or survey of one mile square
each.

3d. We give to George Maylield, an
interpreter with General Jackson, a white
man raided in our lam!, one mile square
of land, where he may select, as a mark
of our respect for his honesty and !ise-
fulness to us as an interorelcr.

But if the President did not so appro-
priate it, win theu the General got it —
and all was well.

Here too is the "paper"' W/ic Chiefs
delivered to the General,'' which it ap-
pears was drawn up according to the
previous arrangement and uiideistaiid-
inc; hctwecn all the parlies and execu-
ted, i,ot on the morning they met toex-

4th. and lastly. We pive and grrani to ccute the treaty, but on the 9fh, the day
Alexander Cornells a half breed, and old ! hcfore the signing the treaty, and the
and la.thtnl interpret»r. who, has been day after the General had"agreed'to

Ion? in the public service, one mile
square of land, at bis o|>tion, to be lo-
cated by him.

We finally request that the Gov-
ernment of the United Stales, will ratify
(he forecioinff acts of nalional gratitude,
and by suitable deed^ of conveyance, to
enable the parties to receive and hold the
said lands, agreeably to our lyteolions us
herein expressed.

Given under our hands at the Treat'
ground at Korl .Iack~r>:).Otli Aucust. 1814
TIJSTLNNUGGEE TIILUCCO.
Speaker oj ihe .\'at ion of upper Creeks
[Signed by Mothers,]
In prescnrn of J. C. WxUNEU, assist-
ant Asfent nf Indian Afl'airs.
R J.MKIGS, .%"* C. jValion

iccept. Notwithstanding Major Eaton
says the "General at lir«t refused and
subsequently, on the day the paper was
presented, gave only a conditional con-
sent."

Before 1 further examine this mat-
ter I will proceed to investigate the
correctness of the final statement in the
paragraph (juoted,

" Mr. I^Iadison fjbsequenlly brought
this matter to the consideration of the
Senate, and in recommending its adoption,
highly complimented the delicnry with
which the proposition hid been met by
Gen. Jackson: it was however, never act-
ed on. and assented to by the Senate."

Tills is true as far as it goes: it is

RORKii'V KVTLKB., .SdJHUint General, ■'levertheless far short of the whole

truth, and by no means conveys a just
view of the proceedings in Congress up-
on the subject. The following is a

Ai.kxandki; Mavfield,

AlRXANUER CoRiVELLS,
GcORGE LOVEI.L,

Public Interpreters

Having compared the ivritten transcript

with the original, [ certify it to be a

true copy thereof

CHAIILES C.\SSADy, acting Secl'y.

Fort Jackson, Olti August, I8M.

copy of the message referred to*

To the Senate and House of lirpre-

senlatives of the United States.
The accompanying extract, from the
I orcurreiKCS at Fort Jackson, in ."August
Here we have the plain unvarnisiied j I8N. durinff the negociation of a treaty
truth of this matter; tiie conference, ' "'''h the Indians, shows that the friendly
the assent, and the conveyance. And ' Creeks wishing to give to (Jcneral Jack-
here are no ohirclions, no nfusoh, ;, J *"!". Benjamin Hawkins and others a iin
.stated in the biography. The offer is ' """='' "^^■""^ "' "'«""■ Rratililde and regard,
made and the rca..>ns assigned at the ! '^"•;'7<^''.\" "'P'" respectively a donation

same time, not upon a >ay,o-," hut in | "I'^;"' •."■''''=* ^^'Yr' '','*'•'''' ^''•'"'' '"'f"^'
1 ,. ' rp,, ,^' ' , ,. lie (lulv coiihrmril, by the jrovcrnment ol

oralconk-rance. The General replies n.e i],i„ed Slates. '

at once "Ac should arcrpl."" Not a word
about "o» no other Irrms than that
the President «iioui,t> dispcv; of it and

Taking into consideration the peculiar
circumstances of the case — the expedien
cy of in:'ul!jinij the Indians in wishes

FORT JACKSOX DONATION.

4:

which they associated with the treaty, mitigate hen.. Find..- tl.e Gene a

si'' eel by them . an.l that the ca.e .nvoh es inexorable they conclude i.ey .nu.t

an mvitin- oi.nortunity lor he.towh.g on accede to the term? i.roi,o<!rd, and, liav-

an officer, wlio has rendered such illus
trious services to hii country, a token oi
its sensibdity to them, the inducement to
which cannot he diminished hy the delica-
cy and ili.intere'tedne»-ofliis proposal to
tian^fer tiie benefit from himself; 1 re
commend to Congies* that provisions he
maile for carrying into ciTect the wishes
of the Indians expressed hv them.

JA. ES MADISON.
January 20, 1816.

In the Senate this message was ban-
died from one committee to another,
and no direct report everniade upon it.
In the Hou>c it was referred to the
committee on public land.[./o«n!o/ 109.]
On the 27th of March the committee
reported. [Journnl 537-8.] Their re-
port is not inserted on the journal, tho'
it is a remarkably brief one, iK'iiig in
I'lese words:

"The committee recommend the fol-
lowing resilution: AVso/icti lliat it is in-
'expedient to ratify the donations of land
as recoram-nded."

This report was committed to a
committee of the whole House; hut on
the 27th of April, the committee were
discharged and the report indefinitely
postponed; [Jounial 744.] a quiet and
civil method of getting rid of an un-
pleasant recommendation.

Thus, it appears, that the subject
was not referred to the Senate alone,
as a part of the treaty making power:
but to Congress as an affair that requir-
ed legislative enactment to give it ef-
fect. Though never acted on, in the
Senate, it was acted on in the House,
and there condemned and rejected.
The silence and delicacy manifested by
Congress prove their strong reproba-
tion of the thing itself, and their tender-
ness for Gen. Jackson with regard to it.
Let us now fairly examine this trans-
action as it really appears in proof be-
fore us. The Creek Indians were a
conquered people, and in treating with
them, Gen. Jackson was directed to
^•prescribe terms' to them as such. —
These terms had been prescribed ; the
Indians had manifested great aversion
to them, and had laboured several days,
*iid hv varioms means t* s»ften and

.n" come to this com hision, they assem-
blc a'ld send for the General and Col.
Hawkins to visit llitm. This visit is
made, and the conference opened Ir.
the Indians. They first ask some
accommodation as to the boundary,
which is peremptorily refused. Then
a speech is made enumerating the dis-
tresses of the Indians, and the obliga-
tions they are under to Jackson [for
subjugating tlicm and prescribing terms of
peace] followed by the ])roposition to
•'ive him three miles ^^qu;ueof land,to
be chosen where he pleased " Fuoai

WH.\T THEV WERE GOING TO GiVE UP.'.

The reader has no doubt often heard
of an '■•Iiuliangift.'' Here is one in
strong colours. Having been compel-
led to give vp the land to the United
States, they propose to make first, a
donation of part to those who compelled
them to give up the vhole ! ! By this the
Indians could lose nothing; all they
[gave away must be taken from the
United States, to whom they had al-
ready con'^cutcd to give it up. There
is an artifice in this, for which (he Ldi-
ans could have no motive. It bears
the impress of an interested trick, on
the part of those who were to receive
the land; and every one acquainted
with the manner of managing Indian
negotiations cannot fail to see it, in its
true character. No sensible man can
believe that the suggestion came from
the Indians. Let no one suppose I
mean to insinuate that it came from
Gen. Jackson. Far otherwise. The
other parties interested were evidently
those who made the su^geslior.
True, Mr. Hawkins takes occasion to
say to the Indians that it '■h csulted from-
the impulse of their oivn minds; not from
any intimation from the Gen'l, or himself.'
This, as the logicians would say, is a
negative presnant. Its very introduc-
tion is a ground of suspicion; for it
betrays a consciousness that the proposi-
tion did not look natural and right; and
although Mr. Hawkins did not make
the intimation himself, I think there is
little question he knew who did make it.
But no matter whence it originated.
The General promptly acceded to ir.

J?>

Lire oi. GEX. J ACKsox.

and minifc-.4cd an entire willingness to ' port it. In the second, language is pu(
receive the land. The remark that into Ger.end Jackson's mouiii, and coc-
the President " might if he would," duct attributed to him, which he neith-
makc other disposal of ii, is very plain- , er ufered nor pursued,as is fullj showii
ly ttiroi:\n inforcirectohly;theGener-: by the official document,- connected
al never losing an opportunity to afreet ; with the transaction. And in the same
the character of lofty and benevolent i manner an incorrect account is given
feeling. Ti.e General well knew the of the proceeding-; of tiie President ai:d
President " wollo" wA, if he " miout," ; Congress, wliicli brings into view the
make the disposition suggested, and 1 ' compliments bestowed on him, bv the
therefore hold it clear, that he wished President, and keeps out of sight tbf
to obtain the land. The donation to ' disapprobation of Congress.
Hawkins met the General'sdecidcd ap- 1 Jn his prelace Major Flaton says:

probation. " /ic vias well pleased :" — •

"To pre-^ent things truly as they occar-

■ thor conduron lh,s head n-as mneh to , ^^,1 has been the wish of .he Hu.hor. and
thcoT'lU of the naaon. | ,,e believes he has s..ccee<lwl He be-

fhis treaty was made m August, i.eves so, because he hud no inducemfni
ISH. It was submitted to the Senate j to do otherwise, and because, havinir al!
and approved during the ensuing ses- the orisrinrtl papeis in his possession, und
sion of Congress, As the Senate pass i the opporiunity of cunstani ami repeated
upon treaties, in conclave, we do not ! '"•'c'"''JU'"ie zi-i/.V tlu sxil.jeci of his hist m:
know how this donation was regarded,! |here h.is noaveniie to error, unless fio
or whether it was laid before ihem at '"'en'i<'n. «ii'l Ihis he discluims."'
1C15, General

all. In November
Jackson visited AVashington, where he
remained until towards the clo?e of
Dect mher. After his dej)arture, on
the 20ili January. 181 6, tiie President^
brought the subject before Congress,,
bv recommending an unequivocal con- i

Conceding to ."Major liitou the good
intentions which he asserts governed
him in preparing the work, the misrep-
resentations I have expressed, must l:c
traced to Ih.- su!)jcct of the history him-
self. Mr. Eaton avers that he had con
staiit a-.d repeated intercourse with

tirmation of tlie Indian grant. The in- [General Jackson, with respect to the
fcTonce is strong that the message was matters of fact related in the work,
acceptable to General Jackson. Tlic ThisnuHt have been the ''(irfwHc to t/-
lighl in which it was considered by ror,"' through which fiction has got into
Congress has been already stated, jthe place of truth, in order to give af:i-

This is the lirsl, a!id oidy instance, | v-jrah|c turn to tlie conduct of the Ke-
in which those who negociateo, or rath-! ro of the book, ^Vhether General
er dictated a treaty, altoiccd, if they did j Jackson is, or is not the author of these
not obtain stipulations to be made for misrep?csentalions,il is certain (hat they
their own personal advancement; and I exist, and that he has permitted them
this was the first treaty made by Gen. to stand uncontradicted in a work wrii-
Jacksonl! The principle is of the { ten utider his own eye, and whilst In-
most odious and ilanir'TOus character. | was in ^'•comlinU tuid rrpcalcd iid!:rcoum''
It is calculated to plant the seed of with the author. If a man who act*
corruption in a iVnitliil soil for mischief, [ thus, may he justly considered a higlt
whatever !\Ir. Madison may have said j minded and honorable person, it must
to the contrary. I he obvious, that honor and high mind

The misrepresentations which are' edness can associate witit very low and
shown to have been nrii\c of tln^ two discreditable traits of ciiaractcr.
transactions her;-noti'ed. have a direct I There is one other ciicumslance, ia
tendency to pi ice General Jackson's relation to I\Iajor Eaton's work, which
conduct, in a much more fivorable view deserves iiere to lie noticed. The pre-
ihan the truth would place it. In the j face informs us that Major lutton un-
lirst.an assertion is made wholly desti- [ dcrtook to complete the work for the
Inte of truth. and then an incorrec, or j benefit of the fiaiily of Major Reed, by
rather girbl.d statement from the jour- whom it was coniineiiceil, but who
nnls of (he Senate, i-^ adduce ! to suM-diod. n:<i\ Icfl if unfjin-^'ieil. A wisJi is

iHAN WOKSHIt.

40

expressed that tlie work should be "so
far (;h.iriial)ly received and patroniz.d
so :is (o aflord ;ulviintac;es to the chil-
dren of a Ineiui— their father is no
more! hut as his reproenlalivi^s, they
have cliiini- of no cornuion ivii'd (ui llie
Uberality of the pui)hc." The copy
rig'U is accordingly sccur- d. Ye( an
edition of this work in a cheap form,
wifh an appendix full of electioneering
fals'^hoods, has been recently- puhlisb.cd
in Cinciiinati. not for the benclit of >ra-
jor Reed's children, but to aid Gi'neral
Jackson's aspirations for the Presidc.;-
cv.'' There is great injustice to Ma-
jor Reeds children, in permitting their
properly, in the work, to be pirated for
G'.iierai Jackson's benefit. A consid
crable portion of the first edition is yet
or hand, as we may i.'ifer, iVom the fact
that it is found as a drug in almost eve-
ry book store. The edition published
here was got into circulation, by the in-
dusirv of a subscription hunter, and the
aid of politicid enthusiasm. The profits
were pocketed by tliose concerned.—
General Jackson's share, being the ad-
vantage of circulating an eulogium on
himself, the prejudice to the children
of Major Reed, that of keeping on hand
the fdition published for their benefit.
This too, may be higli-nfLnded and hon-
orable, in the Jackson system of etiiics,
t» my opinion it is dishonest.

C. H.

M VN WORSHIP.

The adulation offered to Gen. Jack-
son, on the 8th of January, is without
example in our country, or in that from
which we d<!rive oui- origin. It indi-
oates more than any thing which has
yet transpired, the rapid change of
character amongst us. Half a century
ago, the American Statesman were
stern, self-denying, self devoted Re-
publicans, abhorring all attachments to
men, and concentrating tljeirjudgments
and their aifections upon tlie publir
weal alone. But thirty years by-gone,
any thing beyond distant respect for
the person and character of Washing-
ton himself, was regarded as censura-
ble seirabascmc'iL, ai;d a reprehensible
<lereMcti©R from correct republican prin-

ciples. Now the ballof servile adula"
tioii to a single man, "is rolling from
Passama<iU()d.ly bay to the mouth of
the >li>si>sippi, and levelling as it goes,
not all, but almost all that stand before
it."'

An account of the celebration at
Washingion is before me, and I regiet
to say, it exhibits a scene little calcula-
ted to raise us, in our own estimation,
or in that of otlier people. The com-
pany consisted ol all the principal poli-
ticians of the country, tiien at U'ash-
ington, opposed to the present Admin-
istration, and favorable to the election
of Gen. Jackson. They were a collec-
tion of eminent and able men. It would
be equally foolish and unjust to su|)pose
that they are not sincerely devoted to,
what they consider, the tru(> interests
of the nation. Yet all that was said and
done is strongly marked by incorrect
feeling and iiy bad taste. In all thmgs
Gen. Jackson is first, and the country,
when noticed at all, only second. One
can scarcely read the account witliout
a mel.'Micholy recurrence to the history
of Rome, from the time of the Caesars.
Mr. Livingston made a speech contain-
ing a studied eulogium on Gen. Jack-
son. The auditory were the conscript
fathers: the senators and rcpreserita-
tives of a Republican people, and
claiming to feel, in the highest degree,
an affinity with the people in republi-
can sentiment. Nevertheless, as the
orator proceeded in his strain of hy-
perbolic eulogy, he was acconipanied
with enthusiastic reponses, and thun-
ders of applause. The prostrate Sen-
ate pressing Tiberius to accept of pow-
er; his rejdy, that "to choosb or to
DECLINE would ill bccomr. the man tcho
tcished to be dis^pcnsed with (ihogHhn-^''
the soothing panegyric of Asi;iiu G;d-
lus, pronounced upon the same occa-
sion, forcil)ly obtrudes n|)0M the mind
as presenting a somewhat similar sce-ie.
Mr. Livingston's eulogium and t' e
regular toasts having been gone thro',
Mr. Verplank introduced what he
termed a "a noble poetical cjfimion," writ-
ten for the occasion at New York, to
be sung t!iere,nccompanied with music,
which was ibrwarded to him, to be read
10 the compaii\ at AV.ishin<ilon. T'lis
'^eff-'uHon,'^ Ihraugh ren^ly a Hat and vapid

a»

MAV WORSHIP.

thing full of iliron^rpous metaphoijand I "Alcibindes had a do? of uucommon i'ae

grammiUical iiiaccuracies.coiitainssome 1 ■""}!^\<'^y «^''.'^^= '*« ^<^ seventy meiuu, and

g . u _ 1 II -.1 yet his tail, which »a- his principal ornament,

hnct0iiches,and concludes With a com- hecau^e.ltobecutor^. Some of bis acquain-
pliment to Jackson no doubt higldy ar- 1 '^ncc I'ounil jireat mult with his acinig so
■■ ■ jj^Q_ , slraii!;el\, and told him that :ill th.iis rang

, -1,1 with the *torvuf his fotdish tre^.tment ur his doe.

If migllt have' At which he lay-hml and sai.l: -^Tlihis

ceptable to the coinpanv, at
mcnt it was presented

passed Wi'll enough had it not been in- ! the rtry thing I -j.anUd: for I icould have Vie

troduced with so inuch comraendation •■f'/""''"" talk afihh, Utl thty thould/ind nnu

Ui Ing worse to say of me. "

By asseiting that Mr. Clay's hook-

as coming from '•« true poej,''' and as
having been transmitted from the

Queen of Cities, as worthy tlie appro- ' was written, with a -jieu- to the same ub-
hation of the wisdom of the land — view-|Jf'''i" for wiiich Aliibiades cut off the
cd in this ligiit as it must be, it liiniish-j t<'il of his dog, the Major assumes that
es rather an unfavorable specimen of t^ie American people are no wiser,
our poetical talent, and literary taste. {*'''"' were the nibble of Athens, in the
Then come toast.- sent from Hams- days of Alcibiades. He, in substance
burgh, from Rockville, from Ve.rmont; asserts, that they are so light and igno-
to be given and received as evidences | rant, as to be amused and misled, by
of ardent allection and of plighted faith an incident like that of cutting otftlie
to the good cause. This method of *"'' <^f a dog. I am very »u re he did
being present, though distant, Is some- "otsee that his attempt at wit included
what new in politics.aiid seems to have *'''^ consequence. For had he perceiv-
been imitated I'rom the contrivance of cd it, he would not have made the allu-
the separated lovers, who agreed to \ sion.
commune with each other, by both gaz-' Again. . The avowed object of Alci-

ing upon the moon at a certain iionr
utiderstood between them. It is truly
Platonic and sentimental, especially
when we remember the sensuality with
which it is associated.

hiades was to start a subject trivial in
itself, least •vonie/A/'/in' nvrsc" should b(
found, in his conduct to be made the
theme of conversation. Here again
the allusion is an unfortunate one. Foi

Amongst those who gave toasts were i t'le subject of the book, is the vorsl and
the Vice President, the Speaker of the the oii/y thing Mr. Cla>'s enemies can
Hou<e of Riprescntatives, Gov. Duval find to urge against him. So that his
of FloridH, Mr. Clieves, Mr. Van I3u- * 'l'" could not have been the same witii
ren, and other great men. One was tliatofthe Athenian, as Major Eatoi.
given by Mr. Desha of Tennessee, cer-' asserts it to have been. But even thi?
tainly a gross personal insult upon Mr. i '* "ot the most uidiappy consequence
Brent of Louisiana, and one by Major lo^i'itroducing Alcibiades &. his dog he-
Eaton, which is entitled to some notice: j fore the good company of which ih«-

j Major was one.

"To divert public attention at Athens, Alcj- there is no character in history more

blades cut oil till' tail 111 a doc; — the modern Al- •. i i- -i i i ^i V .■ •

ciba.le^ with a view to the same object has writ- 0|'P<>*ltoly discnbed than that of Alci-
Icn a book." , biadrs. It is "stigmatized with ever\

reproach," and "honored with ever\

This was no doubt intended to retal-'eulogium.'' And an eminent writer
liate upon Mr. Clay, here described ai has observed, that "we cannot charg<
tlic "mo(/rni .//r/WrtrfcV for the ligure j the former with injustice, or the latter
which Major Eaton cuts in the ''book." with partiality."' But, in whatever
It is not an appropriate or happy refer- [lipht „,• con-ider the rharacter o(
ence. On the contrary it is calculated [ Alcibiades. it embraces as manv |)oinl.
todireil public attention to times and { resemblinii that of Gen. J.ackson, as
characters, with which com|.arisons ! H.at of Mi\ Clav. In beauty of pen-on.
maybe drawn, not very favorable to ■ neither of them resemble him, and in
the company assembled with Major j what other points the resemblance ex
Kalop, when the toast was given. i isfs may he very stroiiijlv di>puled bv

The anecdote of the dog is thus re- i the fri'ends of i-ach. AJcibiade- was
iated by Plutarch: , „„ orator, so is Clay, and Jackson is

MAN WORSHIP.

SI

not. He was a distinguished General,
so is Jackson, and Cla}' is not. It was
not so much as an Oialor, as a "Mihla-
tary Ciiieftain" tliat he inflicted injury
upon his country. Ho is accused of
licentiousness, so arc Clay and Jack-
son botii. Tlie (irs(, that kind of licen-
tiousness, in which most men indulge.
The latter, that which is considered
much the most reprehensible. He was
accused of ambition, so are Ijotli Clay
and Jackson. He indulged in luxury.
So, too, to make himself popular, in
Sparta, he shaved close, bathed in told
water, eat coarse bread, and black
broth, and like Gen. Jackson, " had the
very extraordinary art of engaging the
affections of those with whom he con-
versed." In one other transaction his
situation was not unlike that of Mr.
Clay. The demagogue Androdes got
up a false accusation against him, which
he attempted to sustain by slaves and
sojourners. This Androcles, was his
bitter enemy, and with others '■'■persund-
"d certain oralors, who ii-cre not reputed to
he his enemies, but zcho hated him as hearti-
ly as the most professed ones,'- to insist on
sending him into foreign service, whilst
the proceedings went on against him.

In another affair there is a strong
analogy between his case and General
Jackson's. He trampled on the laws
of his count'-y, and the rights of his
fellow citizens. But in progress of
time these things were overlooked, and
forgiven, and his return to those whom
he had injured, is thus described by
Plutarch.

"When he was laiulcd, tlie niultitndp lli.lt
came out to raeft hiin, dil nut vouclisatV so
much as to look upon the other Generals, lint
crowded up to him, hailed him with shouts of
?oy, condu'-ted him on the way, and such as
could not a;ipr>ach him cp>wn('d him with
garlands. While tho'e that could not come up
50 close viewed him at a distance, and the old
men pointed him out to the young."

Tiiis scene which occurred some-
thing more than twenty-two hundred
years ago, is not unlike one, which look
place within tlie last tw'.'nfy days, in
which Gen. Jack^on was the Alcibiades
or principal pageant.

In another respect there is a striking
resemblance between Alcibaides and
General Jackson. The first " so gained
upon the Athenians that they connived nt

his errors and spohr of them with all
imaginahle tenderness." Just so a cer-
tain part of the American people act
in r(!spect to Gen. Jackson.

There is a whimsical similarity be-
tween Alcibaides and anoihcr great
man of the present day, so closely allied
with the gentleman of the celebration,
that his health was '■'drank standing,
with reiterated and thundering applause.''''

"He had great advantajjes for introduciog
himself into the management of public affairs;
from his birth, his estate his riersoual valeur,
and the number of his Iriends anu relations, but
uliat he chose above all the rest tiy recummcnd
himself by, to the people, wastherbarms oi his
eloquence. He was famed far hisbreed of horses,
and thenuraber of his Chariots."

Alcibiades flourislied at a time when
the bad passions of bad men had a mis-
chievous sway, upon the councils and
people of Athens. Those Avho may
take the trouble to acquaint themselves
with the history of public affairs at
Athens, in the days of Alcibides, can-
not fail to be seriously struck with many
analogies to what is now in transaction
before us. One circumstance is thus
narrated by Plutarch:

"There was at Athens, one HypERBOLUS of
the ward of Perithois, whom Thucidydes makes
mention of, as a very bad man, & who was a con-
stant object of ridicule for the comic writers.
But he was unconcerned at the worst things they
could say of him, and bcini; regardless of honor,
he was also insensible of shame. This, though
really impudence and folly, is by some people
called fortitude -ind a noble daring. But
thous;h nn one likrdhini, the people nevertheless
madi rise of him uhen they wanted to strike at
persons in authority. At his instigation the
Athenians were ready to proceed to the ban of
o-trarism, by which they pvtl doirn and expel
such of the citizen" as are distinguished by their
dignity and power therein consulting their envy
rather than their fear."

Here we have a description to the
life of a certain Hypcrbolus now '•'•made
use of at Washington; a person whom
^•no one likes,''' but at whose instigation,
many, " consulting their envy rather
than their fear,'' are ready to "/«<//
do7vn'"n>cn in power. Where tlie end was
the same, the means seem to have been
prettv much the same, in Rome as they
are in Washington.

Mr. Hamilton gave a toast.

"Mavour country have passed to its credit
the dilTerence between that man who has van-
tiuished a living hero, and him who is only able
to spit his venom on the grave of a dead one."

This pcrcontra of the balance sheet.
smark« much more of the counting

au

MAN WOR!«inP.

hou5<? than the tented 6eld, or page
ofcla-sic lore. It i? equally obscure,
equally venomous, to say the least, and
far less sientific, than the sentiment it
is intended to reprobate. Tiie eVoriy
and topaz toast was never to mv taste.
I saw no venom in it, but I regard<"ditas
a fiil:ire. Here, venom is a principal
and maniA'st ingrcdierit.and no explan-
ation can be given cither to amu<e or
to instruct. U'hen we hunt up a mean-
ing, by supposing, that General Jack-
son is t!ie "mfjrt" who vanquished a liv-
ing hero, in the person of Gen. Lam-
bert, and that Mr. Adams is ^him" who
Spit his venom on tiie grave ofa '■dead
one." in the toast with respect to Gen-
eral Ross, we have still to find who is
to be creditor in the account, and how
it i'i that Mr. Adam'' is " on/i/ nblf'"" to
perform the act attributed to him. —
A'ld. whe'i we iiave reconciled the ab-
surdities of the toast a greater difficnltv
mu«t remain, to vindicate the proprietv
of the imputation.

Mr Hail complimented Mr. G'^orge
Krem?r, and Mr. Krcmcr gave the fol-
lowing:

" General ..Indreie Jarkinn — Tlie Natlianiel
oflh'' prr^ntaje — anlTarlitein wl<om Hieri-is
no suilp. — When thn Pre«i(li'iiry was out iip
fo the hi-.'hr<t biHdrr, br Ihp Juda? of the pre—
ent ai;e, hcfcorned to bid."

Tins tissue of Maspliemous panegvr-
ic and disgnicelul calumnv, mig!it have
been overlooked. comivg from George
Knmerala late stage of the feast.^
But surclv the committee of arrai ge-
mc ts are incxcusalde for publishing it.
T^iosc who believe that the t'liaracier
of General Jackson is, in any respect,
similar to Natha- oal. are per^o is no?
to be reasoned with. Neither are thc\
who believe tliat it were possiiile for a
si'igic man to set up the Presidency to
sale. Tiic promulgation of either sen-
timent can but discredit and dishonor
those concerned ii' it.

Mr. Haync of South Carolina, a gen-
tleman whom no one should attempt ti
dis^)arage, gave a toast accom|)atiied
with some prelimi-iary remarks. —
Nothing ofihe whole proceedings mor
di^tinctlv shows tlse d'lusion that over
spread the whole company.

•'.Iifr'ic Jarksoii — '•^'l.n likr Wushineton.
«av'-i 'li- r.ijiin'ry in war; mid like JoffiTsoi.
»rill savf it in pence."

To CO-.lipi'.rt-
New-Orlean-.
Wa-hington"s ir
the war of the revo'

gance we should supi..-L

proceed from a sane mind,
phetic comparison with Je'l
be regarded as the plianiasy o

In his speed), Mr. Havne oii • ., =
Mr. Livingston in eulogizing ibt u- a-
eral. And he relates an anecdote of
his saving an infant Indian wliose moth-
er was killed (•^accin'eniaily,") the cniic
clinging to her breast : taking him !i ni^ .
& rasing him.a< of itself sufticii-nt i. n-
(ute the imputations cast api'-i ?'ie
cliaracteroftheGc'icral. Strargc. ;' at
Mr. Hayne's ksiowledge of the world
did not instruct iiim. that trails of hu-
manity, like this, have at time>, charac-
terized the most ferocious of our spe-
cies. The Red Rover of ihe seas,
has been alfected by them ;is wel
as General Jackson. Tlie author ol
VVaverly hardly tiioughtthat he liad in-
vested HalbcTt Glciidenning «it)i a
trait of charrter that might exempt
him from all vi.Ience of feeling and
harshness of temper, when he put him
to carry the new born infant of Julian
Avenel from ihi- tieldof battle, nli ongh
old Staworth Bolton commen'ied the
deed. Nevertheless the anecdote is
cr ditable to General Jackson, and like
old Siaworth, 1 would pardon him seme
half dozen of his misdoi;.gs, uj)on that
account.

Foreigners, admirers of monarchical
government, ard contemners of Rejub-
lican, cannot but exult, when they re-
ceive the accounts of the recent cele-
brations. They are devoted to a sir.gle
man. Bonaparte was never more be-
praiscd by the enslaved F^rer.ch. F.i^g-
laiid never witnessed such man service.
WTien they compare the character a;id
services, the pretensions and talents of
this idolized being, with the adulation
poured out before him,they can sav little
ravonil<lc to our intelligence orrepuhli-
■anism. Tlie> cam ot fail to see that
we are (asl pushinginto the current that
'las swept all ri-piibiican governments
into tiic vortex of monarchy That we
'•outly dispute both the iiicts and the

Terence argues little against their ex-
"•■tence. 'Were onr eyes open to our

REMINISCENCES.

J3

dais-.T, it would lie a- an end. and such, pie. But they weie open in their
wa» the condiuon of all who have pre- opinions of the unfitness of General
ceded us. i Jackson for the station of President.

Januarv -2>>. 1S28. i After the election ol Mr. Adams, they

j adhered to rbeir old views, occasionally

^ — expressing themselves very sensibly.

upon the comparative and respective

REJii.MSt E.NCES. , qualifications of Mr. .Adams and Gener-

Oiie of tlie rciTular toasts of the great a! Jackson, for the proper discharge
Ja' kstin dinner at Washington, is in of the ex'-cutive duties. At different
diese Words: i periods. the different gentlemei, became

__ . ' irterted with a certain political disease
.r..tsm f-KuiepmrTh- con-cienc«ofpub- once Called n/^H/ra%. but now more
Kc ftien, and seltin; jart buunds lo tbeir ambj- : generally described as ^^ stradling the
tsfn." fence." And since July last, in each

A more correct sentiment is seldom case, this disease has assumed the type
uttered, ar.d t.i give it practical t-fftct of a confirmed Jackson fever.
is tiie -ole oi.icci for whicii tiie present But before I proceed turther. it may
work is esia..li-ned. Much good has not be amiss to give some explanatioa
l>e;.a effected by a free discussion of of those affected with the disease I have
pri.'K-iples and measures. But the mentioned, and its usual probable ter-
moit ffficient ageitey ot the press, is that mination. Edmund Burke, a most pro-
wi.ich is employed, in a critical exami- foui.d political casuist, thus describes
naiio.i of the pretensions and motives of the subjects of this disease, as they ex-
th.>se who hold, or are candidates for isted in Ecglcind, about llie jear 1793:
office : or who otiierwise disti:iguish |
tlie.-n-f-lves in public affairs. Even! " Sach men can serre no cause, for this plain

1 -1 L- _A- _. *' Ti reason — th»^v bave no cauae at heart. They

man bears easily his portion Ot general ^„ ^^ be^^^ork onlr as mere mercenaries.-
cer.sure. Not so, does he leel a critique Jhej have not been guUtj of great crime* ? bat
a'»on hi« own dearlv beloved self. — 't '- "nly because thev have i;ot encrcv of mind

Hence ti.e press, to be -#W should '^J^^^Z k'^^'^thtTr^fr^se^a'bTe
occa5:o:ially take up and examine the fowls whose flijht is not abovs their dunghill

political historv and political preten- or hecruost. Bet they tremble before the an-

■•_ ,- J.1 " I J I „^„. „^„ „r.k„ • Ihors of these horrors. They admire them at a

Sions ot the^ould-be great naeo ot the ; ^^^ ^^^ respectful dUti-Jjce.-* Tlere nerer was
land. To do this Ul a proper manner, | a mean and abject mind that did rot admire an
ha« a two-fold good effect. Just pun- ' intreHi! and delteroos TiUain. In the bottom

ishment is indicted upon the delinquent, °^ j}':;\^''Z\^'\wlV^ 2^,6^1l ^i

. r T creants to be the only men qualineu lor ^reat

and a salutary (ear imposed upon such aflairs^if von set them to transact a business

as mav incline to follow an evil exam- with »ach persons, they are instantly subdned.

pie. Within the period of the last sea- Tbej dare not somuch as look their antagonist

i r in the lace. Thev are made to be their sub-

SOn. three eminent characters in UtllO, jects, not their arbiters or controllers. These

have pur-ued a S>mewhat extraordi- men. to be sure, can look at attrocioas acu

Dar%- course, and some two or three "ilhout indi^aUon, and c,n behold saffenn;

, , , Tirtue without sympathy. 1 nerelore thev are

great men of lesser note have borne tbem considered as sober and dispassionate men.—

company. As thev are all politicians. But thev have their passion?, thonsh of another

•ind occupants of. or aspirants after of- ^"«ii f »d which are infinitely more likely to

c . . \ , ' - 1 carry them out 01 the path 01 tneir duty. They

face. It IS deemed proper lO give them a are of a tame, timid, lansuid, inert temper.

place in the .Anti-Jackson Expositor. tehenmrthe ice//ar» o/ others u f»n«nwrf. In
At the last Presidential election the ' ^<^ ""'^' =^° they bare no moUve to action,

^, 11 J J 11 I -1 : they never possess any real abUitT, and are to-

gentlemen alluded to. were all hostile • „,iy destitute of all resources." '>theonly thing
to the election of General Jackson. ! that occurs to such a man, when he has ^ot a

Thev were neither active nor efficient '-nl"*^.'"' °^r' *■»» ^i* ^^nds, is, how to

.f - L 1 1- ,^ L 1. , :iiake his own tortone oot ol it. Insteaa ol

in their hostihty. (I mean the three of , .hinkinz how he shall defend r is grnond to the

eminence) because thev are vour pru hist, and if forced to relreat, how little he shall

dent cast of men. who' seldom expose | -iye "r, <*"^ fei"^ o'" "a" considers how much

, , , , . . ' 1 01 the intt-rest ot bis emploTer he is to sacnhec

themselves to labour, inconvenience. , ,„ ^j. adrcrsary. Having'nolhing but himself
•or reproach for the good of other peo- in view, he kno'w?. that in scrrins his principa*.

54

BEJUIxMSCENCES.

with zeal, he must probably incur some resenl-
ment from the opposite party. Hisobjccit is to
obtain the pood will of the person «ith whom
becouteiids. that when the agreement is made,
he may join in rewardiun him. I would not
take one of the?e for .ny arbitrator lur ?o much
as a fish pond, for if he reserved the mud to me
he would be sure to give the water that feil the
pool to my adversary."

Now, I do not take upon me to say
thai our gentlemen of the fence are en-
tirtly of (l,e same character liere de-
scrihetl. Nor do I assert, that, after
sittinsupon tlic fence the appropriate
period, and then dismounting on the
side oppo.-ite to that from wiiich they
ascended, they are still to he consider-
ed and estimated, as though they re-
m:iiiied upon tlie fence. In general,
however, it is very certain that thev
ascend tlie fence for the purpose of ta-
king the hest possible survey of the
contiguous pastures, and, no doubt, (
with the intentionof dismounting upon
that side uhicli thev deem the most
rich and luxuriant : 'and should they
gel into a field of cheat, we mav he
very sure that they mistook it for "timo-
thy. Probably their object is as cor-
rectly described in another metaphor,
.-ipplicd to the same general class ol
poliliciaus, at a diflercnt period:

" They stand in sight

And (|uiei|y see the parties fijht,
Judgiugthc stroncest side the right,

Till anc prevail.
Syne, smack, to fa' wi' a' their might,
On them wha fail."

But to return from this digression to
Ihc eminent personages of whom I pro-
pose to speak. I must, how ever, pre-
'nise that I find some diliicullvin intro-
ducing them, all having been dii^nila-
nes enlided to the courtly appellation of i
himnrnlitc, \ knttw not how to give a pre-
ference, in the order of naininc ihem,
Hiat shall be satisfactory to them all.
Tliey all commenced their public ca-
reer together in high stations, which
they all abandoned lur other vocations,
where Ihc gradation oflheir importance
has been changed, literallv making the
first la,-l. and the last first. To follow
the prciferencc, as it was arranged,
when their honors first blushed upon
them, whil>t it graiihed hii,i who would
thus he preferred, would lo namini:
A//)i last, who has attained the highes'i
-tations. and who ..lands now ""most

prominently before the public. This
might seem inviduous. On the other
hand to give him precedence, w ho is
now most conspicuous, might be regard-
ed as a mean attempt, on my part, to
court the rising sun; a thing that I
abhor as I do bad wine at a good din-
ner. But, in either case, I am compel-
led to place much the greatest man,
in his own estimation, in Hie middle,
wbcrebv I shall certninlv gi\c otfence,
for though lliere may be safetv, in a
medium there is no honor it. ' To
cut tlien this gordian knot, let me sav
bluntly: I refer to the late lion. T.
Scott, and to the present Hon"*. \Vm.
W. Irwi.v and Eatha.v ,\. Brown.

In the year 1810, these gentlemen

were appointed judges of the Supreme

Court of Oiiio, contrary to the constitu-

I tion, and in violation of the undoubted

rights of the then existin<; Judges.

Then this was matter of controversy.
.'\orc it is indisputable. It is onlv refer-
red, to as evidence that the gentlemen
are liable to fall into \ er) capital er-
rors, on politic at subjects, where tliev
are personally concerned and as
evidence also, that, in times by gone,
they were willing instruments ofa'tem-
porary faction.aiid lent ihemselvesto the
erroneous doctrines, the faclionisis set
up, lo prevail once, aiid lo be everafter
abandoned.

After a service of about five years.
Judges Scott and Irwin, becanie se-
riotisly impressed with the belief that
theirhigh lalonts were not sutlicientiv
compensated with as;,|.iry of one thous-
and dollars p-jr aninim. And because
the Legislature would not increase it,
they took a lit of the pouts, and, in the
midst of the circuit of the court*, with
most significant dignilv. sent in their
resignations, and returned lo the pro-
fession of the law.

in the fiill of It!|;>. .ludge Scott was
elected a member of the House of

Kepreseiilatives from Ross county

But he dodged and /omAc/ so man v im-
portant ipiestion.s, that the people of
[loss coiinly hnt all confidence in him,
and he could not be re-elecled. In
ini7. his honor who had resigned the
chief justiceship with a salary of oric
thoqsand dollars. wa,s a cantlidate for
the office of President Judge wiih thr

KEKIINISCENCES.

aamc salary, and [;ol a few votes, so as
to stand third on tlic list. From that
time, his honor was a standing caiidi-
dato for judicial stations, wliencver
there was a vacancy, up to 1824, and
with about the same prospect of sac-
cess. In 1824 his honor warmly advo-
cated tlie election of Mr. Adams. A-
mongst other Ihinjjs lie wrote a long es-
say vilifying Mr. Clay, and General
Jackson, which he sent to the Adams
committee, at Citscinnati, for puhlica-
tion,bu( which.they deemed it impolitic
and imprudent to publish. After the
election of Mr. Adams, his honor set it
down as certain, that the laljourer was
worthy of his hire, and accordingly, up-
on the first suitable occasion, put in his
claim. Conceiving that by (he pas-
sage of a new law, or by the death of
Judge Tod, there would be a vacancy
in the bench of the supreme court of
the United States, in the winter 1825-
182G, he drew U]) a i'Ccommendatio!i of
himself for that office, and personally
solicited subscribers. Having obtained
?omc thirty or forty, he proceeded to
Washington, where he bored the Pres-
ident,Secretaries and others, with such
pertinacious indecency, that it became
impo>>il)lc for even their politeness to
conceal their disgust. He was disap-
pointed, and came home a gentleman
of the fence, where he sat gazing a-
round him until July, 1827, when the
declaimers (i)r General Jackson so be-
clouded his virion that he mistook a crop
of cheat for timothy, and slid himself
down upon the Jackson side of the
fence. He attempted a miserable a-
pology and again presented hhiiself to
the people of Ross county, a candi-
date for the Legislature. But mene
lekel was written in the ballot boxes,
and the ex-chief justice,would-be Presi-
dent of Common Picas, w'ou Id-be asso-
ciate justice of the Supreme ("ourt of
the United States, is left to follow his
profession, and sing hosanah to Gener-
al Jackson.

Next in rotation comes the honora-
ble \Vm. IV. Irwin. His honor, having
abandoned the supreme judge-ship in
1815, was again willing to take that
station in 1817, was a candidate and
received a very paltry vote. Again, in
1819. there beins a supreme judge and

a senator in congress to choose, his
honor long debated, in his own mind,
which ol'tue two olliceshe would oblige
the people by deigning to accept, aiid
finally learned there was no possible
chance for him to obtain either. In
1 823, he conceived the state stood in
great need of his services for governor,
and ol)ligingly consented that his name
might be u>cd ; but the ballot boxes
bore testimony that his honor's good
opinion of himself, had again deceived
him. The county of Fairfield, in 1825,
compassionating his yearnings for pub-
lic employ, elected him a number of
the House of Representatives, and he
was chosen S[)eaker. Again he felt
his budding honors fresh upon him;
and a vacancy in the Senate of the Uni-
ted States being near at hand, he con-
sidered himselfcertainly placed in that
station. Sensible that a majority of the
Legislature of Ohio, was Anti-Jackson,
he took occasion, when out of the chair,
to make a flourishing Anti-Jackson
speech, on the Tennessee amendment
of tlic constitution, which gave him con-
siderable repute with the supporters of
the administration. He was again e-
lected to the House of Reprcsenta-
(ives, in 1 826, but not again elected
speaker. The election for senator
in Congress came on. His honour
was a candidate, and voted for, under
the impression that he was a friend of
the administration, but a belter tried
friend was preferred. Disappointment
again beset him, and in 1 827 he dis-
covered that he bad been a lacksoninn
for the last several years!! His seat
upon the fence was of short duration.
He floundered from one side to the
j other, with all the confidence of a
dri'.nken sailor,and deserted old friends
and courted new ones in a style which
Arnold himself could not have exceed-
ed. Next fall his honor is to be a can-
didate for Congress. As 1 am no pro-
phet, but an historian, it behoves me

to be silent

I come now to the Honomhle Ethan
Alku iSroavi, who, from a lawyer with-
out practice, was made a judge of the
SupremeCoiirt. in violation ot'the Con-
stitution, and in violation of (he right
of another judge; and who was re-
elected judge, because he had kept his

56

KEHINISCENCKS — VIRRIMA CONVENTIO.V.

station when hi.s colleagues resigned in
digiiilicd dud<;eon about salary: who
ivas afterwards elecled Governor to
get liinr off the bench, in opposition to a
candidate, a Bee-hcxter by prolcssio',
who could hardly write hi* name And
who was re-elected Govertior when no
one else sought the station. Accident
and the unpopularity of the opposing
candidate transferred him lo the Senate
of the United States, in the descent
from which station, his fall was com-
passionately broken, by the appoint-
ment of Kund Commissioner to the ca-
nal. The offices conferred upon his
honor were matters tangildc to his
senses: the chapter of accidents by
which he attained them was too sulitle
for his comprehension. He fancied
h\mse]( a pro-'Ii-ffi-ous great man, and
his greatncsship has taken offence, at
we know not wiiat. He mumbles miser-
able F'rench. and therefore thought he
should have been sent minister to Mexi-
co. He could not see or feci a reason,
why he was not conliyucd in the Senate
of the United States, for he had no
comprehension of the accidents that
placed him there: So he became soured
and mounted the fence. He once lived
in New York, and Dcwit Clinton had
accorded him the honor of being one
of his retainers, ten degrees removed,
about in the station occupied by Caleb
Afwatcr; consequently Ucwit Cliriton
must be the greatest man in the world;
Dewit Clinton him>elf sat upon the
fence, looking which side he should
take, and the honorable Ealhan Allen
Broivn was conformable. At length
Dewit Clinton declared for Jackson,
and the honorable Enihnn Allen Brozrn
exclaimed. "/ en/ diltn." For this he
heads the Jackson tiiket in Ohio, and
linds hini-elf rcparated from most of
those, who helped to make him a great
man, and associated wilii those who
have uniformly opposed him, and <.'ven
affected to despise him. F.rce ■ji^niun!
Of the /«.<£»• great men, I will now
name only two.

Firstly. The Honorable David
Smith, his ride ujton the fence and tinal
lounge into the cheat |)asl ire are larless
selfish than that of his compeers. He
is more zealous than mcrcenar)'. But
unfortunatelv he is also more zealous

than discreet. Those who si.oulu i:ave
cherished him as a colleague.have heat
'lim off as a drone. He ascei.did ihc
fence reluctantly, and sal upon if cast-
ing many a "longing lingering look"
U|>o)i tlie field-i from which he was ex-
p' lied. His case is a hard one, and
calls for commiseration rather thnn
censure.

Second. The Honorable John C.
S!>orl,a gentlemari who^e moritid sen-
bilities became desperately excited, at
some fancied insult to the niaiies of a
deceased relative, in reveiige of which,
he felt himself constrained so to act.
a? to excite suspicions, in the mi ds of
many, again-^t living ones; taking care
however, to reap lor himself, an imme-
diate reward for bis change of course.
His seat upon the le^ce was briet^ if
ii.decd he sat all. His change of po-
sition resembled the leap of a breaciiy
horse, and his apology bears all the
marks of being manufactured for the
occasion. He has been cordially
greeted bv his confederates; and tliey
mav,no doubt safely trirst him. I am
very sure liis ca-e is not that of Sear-
gcant Champ, v. h:itever else it m;'.v be.
RFMRMBRANCER.

VIHGIXIA COXVFrVTIOX.

The subjoined extract, from the Ad-
dress of the Virginia Anii-Jackson Con-
veiilion.is considered a particularly ap-
I pio|)riate article to be inserted it' tlie
I Anti-Jackson Expositor. It pourtrays
, in vivid colors, the strong objections
j that exist to the election ot Gen. Jack-
! son. President of the United States, ai:d
I it is recommended by the consideration,
j thai it proceed* from tliose who were
I neither original >uppor!ers of ]\Ir. Ad-
lams or Clav. The base and stale
I charges of coalition, bargain, and trans-
j feree, can in no sense he applied to the
framersor adopters of this address. —
They were neither Adams men, imr
I Clav men, nor have they been engaged
•in supporting or eulogizing either ol
these di>tinguished men. They are
meii of higli standing, of mature age,
and of the first order of character in
I Virginia. The opiiiioi,* they advance
■ are not liable to the objection thatthw

VIRGINIA COJIVEJJTION.

57

are pensioned editors, or beggarly of-
lice seekers. Tiiey occupy siations in
life to which the^e iniputuiions cannot
attach. Ami wliatcver they assert is
entitled to the higiest conlidcnce. —
Nothing is more maiiilest than that a
regard Cor t!ie cou-itry, and just apprc-
hosionofthc coiisequence of rnaknig
Gen. Jackson President, arc the sole
motives of their action. And surely
the redecting part of the community
cannot permit themselves to disregard

sened. F om wliat lia? r. cci; J. t i iS-
pired in Congress, it would seem ; lat
tiie illegality nf this execution is noi to
be longer dispulcd; anaticnipt is lo be
made, to ca>t the blame ironi Gc'ienil
Jackson to Governor Blount of Tennes-
see; this cani.ot succeed. It was the
duty o( Gen. Jackson to know tne law,
and the ign )raiice or indiscretion of
Gover;;or iilount, w!io was noi called to
decide in a case of liie and d*'ath, can-
not be ^et up as a ])lea lor him. He

the opi'iions of such men, called out i perpetrated a %„/ murder, if that
under such circumstances'. I which the law did not aulhorize can

Thev are not tlie men, who in lG24,jbe considered legal, if not, then the
denounced Gen. Jackson, and depre-i homicide is v\it;ioul any justification,
cated his election as a rwxc upon //icj But furlherintrodu.tiouis useless. Tiie
anintri/. Thev arc not the men anathe- 1 extract from the address speaks for if-
matizcd by Gen. Jackson at that time,' self. Let every well meaning man read
tar otherw'isc— Those who manifested it, and, if he can, lay nis hand upon hi«
so much horror then at the thought of i lieart, and vote ibi Gen. Jackson.

Gen. Jackson's success, are nozv his ac- "The fnenUs of Gen. Jackson have cofiacBt-.
live supporters. There seems to have i b h^ia hun up, as the favorile of the People—
1 a; •• ft • *!,„:.. .^., I have iusi ted ihut, 111 the last election, liis plu*

been an aftmity of temper in their mu-! ^^,,^^y ^,|.^^j^^ _,_.^;^,l ,,„^j^j^^ n.e choice of the

tual violence, that recommends them , nalion— and have bitt.rly cdi.ii.lamed, that
to each other. Like all extremes they i <('«' choice was impro. eriy disapijointcd by the

meet and harmonize. The supporters
of Wm. H. Crawlbrd, have brought
themselves to ofler adoration to Gen

Representatives in Congress.

Never was there a n.orc direct appeal to thos«
prejjdicesand passion?, which, on ail occasi(jnp„
the good shoiilil disdain, anil the \vi:e should

Jackson, and to support John C. Cal- repre-s: ntverwasa complaintmoreultprlv un-
, r> t iL ti Til' J J iloundeil; and neverone niore characteristic of

houn. But the authors of this address ,hat disr.^ard f,.r the Con-iitutn,n, which ha.

notof the number. A\ hilst they vin-i been maniiested on more occasions thaii one,
dicato the I)ublic course of Mr. Adams, »''«" ■'-' l"-ovi>-iou stood in the way of General
, I I ,1 1. 1 ■ -n 1 Jackson's Uiarcli.

thev do not Hatter him, eitlier as a pub- 1 ., ^ , , • ,. o , , r

,. • . ^ rrii \ i Whether Gen. Jackson IS the People's favo-

hc or private man. ihey content '^^^ „ to be tested b:> the evmt, not a,?uined as

themselves with speaking the truth,' the bails of the pei.dins eliction. 'that his

naked and unad. rned. Neither dol plurality of votes prove,) him to be ti.echoiceof

, . , , . ,. ., ,. ■ I the nation at the last elecuoii, we conlidentlr

tlicy indulge m ranting vituperation, or j ^1^,,^. ,( .^^^^ ,„.ri,ap., be found, upon exam-

Vulj;ar invective against Gen. Jackson. | iaalion, that, w idle Gen. Jackson had a plurali-
And whilst thev expose the mischiev-; 'V of electoral v.,les, Mr. Adams had a phirali-
, , - ' , ^,. 1 I tv ol voles at the poll- ; and we are corlidenf,

OUSand dangerous tClidencyof Ins pub-j^,,,ti|Mr. Crawford and Mr. Cla^ had beer
lie conduct, diey ex;>ressly actiuit him I withdrawn from the canvas.^, and the come'
of any evil design against the public l had been single-handed between Gen. Jack>or
, ■' , ,, ,.^,1 . 1 i . ti and Mr. .\danis, the election would liive resulti

good. In all this their conduct is the L^, ^^ ,t has done, in the choice of .Mr. Ad-
rcverse of that pursued by the support- ams.
trs of tiie General. Tiiere is a tern- But this isnot the li?ht in which this question

,.^ 1 1 i. ii • J 1 diserves consideration, riieuiindsol the peo-

per a- diik-rent between this adiliess, ,,,p „„^,,j „„t ,„ ^e influenced by such exirane-
aid tlie JiroceedingS of t!ie Washington ous considerations; and above all, t!ie i>nnci-
Jackson dinner, as if they took pl;ice h''e' of ""■• Constitution ou-hi not to be abused,
, ,, ' , f y./j- ,' bv ailiiiiltiiis; fv>r a moment, iliat the nluraiity

amo.lgst the people ol a ddlerent COUn- | „f ^.^i^, ^„e„ ,„ General J nckson, -honld hnVe

try. They Sta:id in as strong con- 1 i^ovemed the choice of Ihi- Hou<e of Repre-

trast aslifrht and darkness, as 'Topaz\»>>^-*"'''- V ''" "°t meai to say, that a
,_,,"_,, . . . ■ 1 iiroocr res.. ert for the wishes ol the nation, lair

fuul Ebonji. The one is characterised
by a dig litied moderation, tlie other b\
a desperate a"d reckie?-; violeme.

In this a<ldrcs.5, the ilkvgal exccutio
•f the six militia men i« divlinctly ' •

H

Iv asciTlaiiied,'>ii!;ht not always to be observed
by its Reoresi-ntaii'es. Rut we do say, th'.t
the present t hicf .MaRitrate holds his se.it t.y
(he will of the pennl of the IJhiied States,
I'iU arly exjiressed, in ili.-o:ily way in v. hirti
an expression of that will has any authority.

s»

VIKGINIA CDNVENTIOJT.

They hnve uilleil, in the uiost soicnaii form —
in the I'onii or a CuiistitutioD, which Ihey de-
clare thall be llie sujirtme law of the hind —
that a plurality of votes sliall n>>t coDstituteaii
election; that, when then' is such plurality,
the Hepresentativcs shall cU ct, voting hy slato.
Thus withdrawine from the people, that equal-
ity ol influence whioh is ;iivcn them m the lir-t
vote, ai.J tran-ierring it to the stales in the
secoiui. This provision ol" onr Con'tituli m is
in tue true spirit which pervades the whole of it,
anJ which oiark^ it the result of a conference
between state-i, siirreiidenngin part, and retain-
iusin oart, their political equahty Shall tin*
•pirit bi; appealed from, on every occasion in
which it was intended to sooUie ind conciliate,
and tiie spirit of faction be invoked, to osnose
our lllngi^t^ate3 to unpHt prejudice, and brins
ou"^ ihstituti.na into discredit! These Ihinu''
are revolutionary iu their tendency, and oughi
to be diicniraned.

Of like character is the complaint again^it the
Ken'u. ky delegation. Cor di^i«t,'arding the in-
tttnctions of their Legislature. We have too
loucli rt-:i|iect for the Lepslatiire of Kentucky
losup;>o<e that they meant to hind the delega-
tion by an instruction. We ■ an only suj'pose
thatth.y me int to furnish the be;t inforuMiion
iu thi power, of the opinions of the Peojde on
a tpiesliipn which had nevi r been sMbmitte<l to
thcai. ^iich iufiriualiou was entitle! to iht
respect oue to intelli<eiil opinion, and no inor>-.
It was i..<l the cuiHlitutioiial or:;an through
which t. e will of t^ie people was to becon\eyi d
to the !('■ iresentative. The Ileprejeiilatives in
Congre^i were direcllv responsible to their con-
stitnenti, not to the Legislature. And an at-
tcm 't .rf the Leiislatiirc toco-Hrol tlie immi'di'
ate llepreseiitativesoflhtt People — would he an
usurp itioii U[ion the rights of the Pe^i^le — an
act, which, iiisteail -f dc-erviiij; obedience, or
even r'spect, requireil resistance and even rep-
rohaliou. The faithful reiresentativc will
obey the instructions of his constitui'iit« when-
ever coiislittiti'Miall) given. He will oa\ a re-
apectf ilaiteiition lo their wishes, and every ev-
idence of their wishes. But, iviien not bound
by instruction, he will look beyond the iiiiner-
fccl evidence ol their will, inforinJy convey-
ed ; he will rest upon the conclusions of his owi
mind, fornieil from the best lights he can obtiin;
will consult his country's good, anil (irmly in.et
the resjnn^ibdity of those acts, he d<;eins proper
for its Rtt.iinment. This »vc believe (be Ken-
tucky deles.itioii did. Thej were not instriict-
Isd — iie.y d'd not choo'e to sh'lter them". !\i s
from respons'ilility, under tiie cover of a !■ l'i-Ih-
tive reconinieiiUHlioii: eoiisnltiiig their own
ludgni'Mits, they preferred (he man thought
most capable of advancing the interest of his
country; and there is no ipiestion, that Vir-^nnia
then concurred iu the opinion, and approved
the net.

This vole, which, if honestly given, is an af-
fair ch'.elly betwe ii the Reprcseutativ'' and his
Constituents, woulil not have been obtruded on
yonratlelilion, had it not been connecti'd with
ii charge of grave import, imde uion the purity
of the clecti.iii, impenchiiig t'le integrity of the
Chief MaL-istrate of the Natiui, ami the fir:-t
niember of his Cabinet This charge, in its
ilrongest form, imports that, at the last elec-
tion, the vote of the Kentnrkv dele/nlion was
tn the ni'irket, for the I'i.-h. -t hid'ler; that it
rrai •Ifered lo siie candidate, and buiof; refused

by him, v.-as sold to the other; and ili.,i ihe
consideration of the vote, wa> the office of Sec-
retary of state, bestowed on Mr. CI ly. If thi;
were true, we should not hesitate to a.firai,that
It stamps inlamy on the characters of the guilty,
ai~i.jcnders tliem forever unworthy of public
trust.

This charge, not so strongly, howcv r, a* hai
oeen here staled, was made for the first time,
.•endi.ig the PreddentiaJ election. It was
roiuptly met, and challengoil by ^Ir. Cl.iy, and
deserted hy its supporters. They rallied a^ain,
aft r the election, gave it a form soiiiewhat va-
reid, drew to it some imposiii^ circuiiistan-
ces, and, at last, gave it the public sanction
of General Jackson's name. Mr. Ciay again
publici) denied it, called for thB proof, and
c!;allenged inquiry. No proof has appeared to
sustain it, no inquiry h:is been ^nttituie'i. and
now in all iLs ph.<s-s, it stanil reprobai.-d, by
a b >dy of jiroof, so s tron; an i 'i) c niviiiciiig, at
to re^piire from the li-astchdrilalile. its open dis-
avowal, and from the most 'us|,ici,„,5^ ^ candid
ackiiowledgciuent, th.it they have done injus-
tice in even thi:ikiiig it probable.

It may not be unw«»rthy of notice, as one of
the means by which the public mind has been
preju liced and lollamed.th.it opiii;ons,the most
olTensive to a Rep'-hlicao peuple.have been nu-
warrantalily auduiicaiilidly irfered from s.jiue
■ <f the President's coii.uiiiuicatious to Con.russ,
and grivelj impnled to i.i n as doctrines in his
political rreeil. He ha- ei one occasion, not
nerhaps with stiict rheiojicaJ proonety, used
ihc Words "p.ilsii.J by ^he will of our const tu-
eiits"' — in relerence to duties enjoiacd by the
Coiistituiion.

This phrase has been torn from its context,
iuisinteri>rete.l, niid used as the utilhorit) upon
which the Prcs i^leiit is charged with the heresy,
that a representative owes no oblieation to the
I rtillof his constituents. On another occasion,
I incautiously taking it for grauled that eiery
j one wuul 1 uuderstanil thai the high obligation
of an oath was lierived from Heaven, he has
again, perhaps, witiioui innch felicity of phrase,
I made an obvious, though not avowed rtferencj
I lo hisoith of oiBcc, as im osing an obligation
above all human law — and this reference is tor-
t tureil into .1 pualic avowal of the oUious doc-
1 Ihae, that his political power was jure divino.
j If these hod been the taunts and the railing of
aiionyiuou* newspaper scribbler*, they would
I have been dnen.ed unworthy of this public 110-
I tice. But when such ch.irges arc seriously
made and reitenUed, by men hohling high sta-
tions in r.e go*trnuient, ami exercising strong
iadueuceover pnohc opinion, they cannot be
loi' -tr,«igly Condemned.

Mr. AJains, it is .said, is friendly lo a regula-
tion of the Lirilf of duties, with H view to the
enconraeement of American nianiifaetures, and
[ this is clnjii'<roiis|v urged airainst him, as a seri-
ous objeclion, by those who support the election
of General Jackson.
I The objection seems to have l>een treated, be-
fore the public, as if .Mr. .Adams were the found-
er of a new and odious dortrine, and the father
of the me. isures to which he hid given biilh.—
Nothing ran he further irom the truth. Not a
sinxle act of covernment. on this snhiect, has its
<h>(e within his administration. And so far
is he from bcinc the foumler of the doctrine,
(lint it istraieil to the earliest and purest limes
' of the Republic, uvowed and acted upon from

VIRGINIA CONVENTION.

Sfi

thi: Ibumlaiioa of the Governnn^nt when the
F;itlu?r olhisCuiiutry presided ovrrits dc?tiiiK-s.
Bi.r.ire the adopti );i oi'the Federal C'onstitii-
tii)i., the power of regiilutiiigcomiiicrce, anil ini-
pgjing duties oil ini iDfts belonged to the ^lite
Governincnts, and such nfthein, as doenn d it
expedient, s;> r»gul*ted their tariff of duties a*
to •^ive encouragecoenl to tlieir niiiii;ifactiire=. —
The (^u!i!<titutijn Iransferreil to the Fedei;il
Gbvorniiient, bj' express provision, the power
of rt'^i .ting comiiierce, and of iniposinj duties.
An act, pas.*cd at the first session of the first
Coii.res.-, hild under the Constitntii>n, advoca-
t('d hy James M'l .ison, and signed b)' George
VVashinsTton, on I'le <!Oth of July, 1789, com lins
the lir't laritf of duties on imported goods laid
bv the General Government, and its preamble
recites, that it -.v.is "le-ccssary for the support
ofG >vcrniiciit, 'orihe diseh irge of the deblsof
the United States and the encouraff^'ment and
proti'ction of inanufactures '' This doctrine
was ai:ted upon, by e\ery ^ucccedinir Adminis-
tration, by the older Adams, by Jeirersou, by
Mndisun, and >I I'.roe. The policy of protecting
Sz encoiira:;in^ tnannfactiires was recommend- I
cdhythem di; the t irilF was increased from
time to time, wiih a view to that object ; and yet,
no champion ol tlie Constitution, thougii many
and bold in<\ able there were, always at their
posts, e\er ctiall'iiged the authors of these
measures, as invader- of constitutional crouiid;
until, during the administration of the last Pres-
ident, whi'nthe fathers of the Constitution, hav-
ing mist of thim retired from the field of action,
a nii'iibcr ironi Virginia suggested, in Congress,
tlie wait III con'litutional power to give pro-
tection to manufactures.

On this question we forbear to enter the field
of argument; and content ourselves with sav-
ing, that the power of Congress to regulate the
taritr of duties, so as to give protection and
encouragement to agricultiir'', manufactures,
Ciunmerce, and navigation, cannot be denied,
without dnnyiiig to the letter of the Constitu-
tion its plain import, and to its spirit its most
obviousandcs-enti il attributes, w th.jut alfirin-
ing ihat those who have adiuinislend the Gov-
ernment, from its foundation to the present
day have either misiin lerstnod the charter of
their powers, or wan'only an I habiiually yio-
lat"dit; wiinait coming to tile e>;tr lordinary
conclnsiiin, either that a power which existed
in the State Governments, and was freipienlly
esercise.i by them before the adoption of the
Fed. ral Constitution, was annihil.Ued by the
secret and magical influeneeof that instriiinont,
or 'hat such powerdoes not properly pertain tu
the Legislature of any free People

The exercise of this powcris necessarily refer-
red to the sound discretion ofCongres5,tobe just-
Iv anti impartially employed for the common
bemfit of all — not to he perverted to the purpose
of advancing the interests of one class of com-
munity, or of one part of the country, at the ex-
pense of another; and whatever some of ns may
think a» to its abuses uniler a former adrnini--
tration, or of the danger of such abuses under
the present, ill must noncurin the opinion, that
the remedy is not to be found in the electiim of
General J.icks'in; but, ifsought at all, should
be looked for in the vigilance and exertion of
faithful and able Senators and Representatives
in Congress.

The opinions of Mr. Adam=, and his reeom-
aicndations to Cengrets, in relation to internal

improvement are iinpopuhvr in Virginia, and
have been urged against hiiii with much > arie'st-
ness, & perhaps with some ilT -i t, even though it
cannot, witti any *oior of reason, be contended,
that his comjietitor, 'ren. Jackson, is exposed to
precisely thf eame objection. We tloliot vindi-
cate tiiese opinions, or discuss them, because
they fall within the interdict we have imposed
upon ourselves — wedilfer in opinion concerning
them. But we will remind you, that the^e opin-
ions, whatever may be their merit, have produ-
ced but few and unimportant act-, during the
present .\liuiHistrati')U: and we will avail our-
selves of the occasion to ap|ie il to the good
sense and feeling of Virginia, and invoke itf
inll leiice in tempering the asperity of party
politics, and securing to every subject of nationn
al interest, a deliberate and candid considera-
tion. VVe beg leave also to remind them, that
the questions of Constitutional law and State
policy connected with this subject, are.impor-
lant, d'dicate, and of acknowledged dilliculty ;
that there are array 0(1 on cither side ofthein,

] .Staiesuien of approved patriotism and talent,

I whose opinions should be examined with great
consideration, and whose measures, if deemed
wrong, after being judged with candour, should
he opposed with reason,not with passion — with

; firmne-s, not with violence; — that those among
us, who deny the Constitutional pow'er, and
condeiiiii the policy, should entitle ourdoc'rineS
'o respect, by the fairness of our views, and the
force of our reasoning, and give weight to our
opposition, by its temper and its dignity ; while
those who alfirm the power, and approve the
policy,shoud observe the most tespectl'ul def-
erence for the opinions of the many and the
wise, who differ from them ; and should consult
the public interest and tranquility, by confining
their measures to objects of acknowledged and
general interest, by infusing into them a spirit of
the most exact justice: and by observing, in
all things, scrupulous care in the exercise of a
power so delicate, and so much coiitrovtirted.

Thus far, we have endeavored to correct er-
ror and disarm prejudice, that reason m giit be
left free to estimate fairly the present AdmiiiiE-
tration, and its principal measures. VVe have
oU'ercd no panegyric on the present Chief .Ma-
gistrate;— vve cheerfully leave you to estimate
the value ofhis long and varied public services,
his great experience, his talent, his learning,
and his private virtues, — and to set off against
tiicm, wh.atever your fancy (■ • your judgment
may iiiid to blame, in his private or public life.
Wh'Mi you have done this— rellect on the char-
acter of the office you are about to fill — incjuirc
what fe lings, what tompor, what talent, what
acijiiirements, what habits, are best suited to
the discbarge of its high duties; and then care-
I'iilly compare John Q. Adams with .Andrew
Jackson, in reference to the great question. —
Which of them is best qualified for the first office
in the nation — which most likely to preserve to
us the distinguished blessings we enjoy — (roai
which is most ila'.ger to he apprehended to our
peace and happiness, our live- aad liberties?

It is not in wantoness that vve secak; but, in
the sadness of onr hearts, we are compelled
to declare, that, while we yield our confidence
to the present Chief Magistrate i.i very different
degrees, we are unanimous and unhesitating in
the opinion that Andrew Jackson is nltogcihei
unfit for the Presidency, and that his eltction

j would be eminently dangerous ; tl,a.t, ivliile mc

(iO

VIR«rXIA CONTENTIOX.

cheerfully Hcrord tn him hi« full share of the
glory »li]'h rciijers the aiiiiiv>-r';irv ol' the 8ih
ofjiiu iry, a day of joy and triuii>|)h lo uni
IhiiiI, wp niu$t,in the must <ulciiiii manner, pro-
test aeainst a olaim tu civil rule, fiufided exclu
aivcly upon military reiiowii; uii>l avow ihil
nothint; has occiirretl in the history of our coiiii
try so much calculate I tosh ike our confidence
in the capacity of the people for sclf-guvern-
Jiient, :i» the hiT .)rls wliirii have been made, an
are yet i.iakin.-, to cicvale to thi; tirst .itiice in

military subordinate to the ciril power; that
luercy evento the guilty, and humanity always
lo the conquered and the captive, are pan of
the law ofCioil and wan, found in etery civili-
sed code, written iji every human heart, and
iiidisjieneable to the true glory of the Her p.

General Jackson h 19 bc'-n unmindful of these
truth!:. Though he has enjoyed cubordiiiation
b. precept, and enforced ii by authority, he lii-"
not recoinnienilol it by example. Hoha-oiri r-
cd indi,-nity to Itie ?ecrrtar) of War, in the

then iiioM, V'C linn, who, disob'->i'ii{ the onlers very letter which aMiijiKil his reasons for ilisO'

of hii nuperi'irs, tr minlin; on the laws and Con
sti'iition of h 9ciiu:.tr>, sncnficini; the liberlie-
and lives of men, ha^ in.'i.le his own arbitrary
will the rule of hi? conduct.

In ^tatiii;; anopi'tion «o unfavorahlo to d dis-

b. ying un order to iiisbiiml hi- troops; he his
placed his own autliority in o position to ih it
if the War Ueiiartmcnt, by a general order, fir-
bid lin^ the oiLcers nf his command to obey the
iinlersofth t t)-partoi"ni, mile-- th y p;isfcd

tin^jwisii.-d lua., who has rendered valuable scr- | through the channel which he ha I chosen to

rice* to hi- country, a proper re-p<cl for our
selve' and f.ir \ on, requires that we should de-
rlare the reason w:ii' h compel as to withhold
our confi.lence from him.

Capacity for civil i (fairs in a cnunfry like
OTirs, where the road to preferment is open t

[irescribc; and he diwibeyeil the orders of the
Government in hii miliktry opcTution.<p in the
Spam-h territory.

He has been unmindful of the subordination
of military to civil oowcr, and has violated the
law and the< onititution, by declaring martial

merit, in every cla.-s of society, is never Ion,- lawat .Vew-Orleans, and niaintiiiiin^' it, .f his
eoiicealeil,a al selloni Icftin .etir'-iiieiit. Gen. I own arbitrary will, for more than two m inth?
JacK^on h-.s lived bc-iaid the age of6d ycirs i after the en.my hail been beii'en and repulsol,
an'! was hr -d to the proiV'sion best calculaied j and all reasonable ap,ireheii£i»n of their return
to iinpove and disiilay fe facullics which civil ! had ceased ; by surrounding the hall of the Lou-
emiiioyments require; ^ t tnehi<tor\ ofhispiib- ' i-iana Legislature wiUi an armed forcc,aiid su»-
lic life in these iiUDJot inents i' told in a fe.v pending their deliberali.ins; by seizing the
brief lines — m a sinjle pa^e of bis biography, j person of Lonalher, a free citizen of Louisiana,
I4e filled, successively, for very short period', i and a menitiernf their Legi'lalure, and briiig-
tb' oilic"of aiemher of the Tenne';-ee Conven- I ing him to trial before a military tribunal, for
tion, which lonn.- ! their State Constitution; ^ having the boldness to denounce, through tlic
[{....resentatfVeand Senator in Congress; Judge I public press, the continued arbitrary reign of
of the Supreiu"' Court oi Tennessee; and again, I martial law ; by diwipproving the acqiiital of
.-v-aator in Coiisressof the United States. Here i Louaillier u|>oii his trial, when to have coii-
vvHs ample o;> ■ortunity for di-tinctlon, if he ' demneil and executed him, wouhl haveexi>o=ed
po-»s-ed the talent, taste, and application suit- j the actors in the fatal tragedy, to the legal
cd for civil eminence. B.it he resigned three, ! pains of death; by suspending, of his own arbi-
aail paivseil through all of these stations, a-- I trary will, the writ of habeas eoqwf, when the
k'lowle'ging his unlitncss in two instances — Legi-^latiirc of Louisiana had refused to susiend
manifestly lecling it in all — and leaving no sin- it on hisapplication, when no law ofCongress
g'e act, no trace behind, which stamps his | aiithorizeii it, and no iin i.inent danier pleaileil
(jiialiacitijns above mediocrity.

F'lrcivil government — and in no station more
etufiiiatically t!ian :n that of President of the
United States — .iwell governed temper is of ad
niittid i iipurtance. General Jackson's friends
laaient the impetnosity of his, and all the world
has vi'lenceof its fierv mi-rnle.

Ti maintain peace and hanoony in flic deli-
e:i'.-rela!i.>n» existing between the Government
of the Union and (he various State Government-
in iMir Ciinfeler icy, reipiires a courte-y and
f irbearane.e in their i.itercourse. which no pas
s;!''i shoiil.l di-t irb. Let the spirit of d.niiina

ts apology ; by arresting and imprisoning Judge
Hall for is-ning the writ of haocas corpus to re-
lieve Lonaillier trom illegal confmem.-jil, and
nrrc'tingand imiihsoninc two other oliirers of
the law, lor ap|)ealing to civil pricess against
his tyrannic rule; by the arrest, trial, and esc-
culioii of <ix militia men, who were guilty of
no other offence, than the assertion of their law-
ful right to return home, alter their legal term
of service had exnired: and by organizing n
cornse of volunteer militia, and appinnting it?
iilicers, without any warrant for so doing, ami
ig.iiii't the provisiniis of the Constitution,

(,.. displired i i Ge .oral Jackson's celebrated i which exiiressly reserve the appointment of

letier to Governor lt..ibiin, w ir a ii^oftbe dan
g -r fc ..uniitllii'; to hn keepniix this precioii-
ritip lilt — saered to the iinion of our llepiiblies.
a;>il to the freetloni of iiian'ktnd.

Military men should lever be allowed to for-
re'. !li'»t the obligation 1. 1 ehey being the sole
f.iiindati n of th aahurily to comiii ind, thev
sho.ii.l i'i.:nle^iesrih.irdiiialion, nil by precepi
only but by ex-Miiile; that profoniitl re-[»ect for
the laws .mil C«iMstitiition of their eoiinlry, i-
a'l iiidi'neasahle guar.intee of their worlSines-
to lie eiilrnsted with the sword which is drawn
to defrnil them; that Ihi-y sho'ild lose no fit oc-
'^-isi'iii tor niaiii

cersof the militia, to the stales respectirely ;
and by making w.ir U|Km the Snanish territory,
seizing and hoi liii; Spanish iiost*, in violation
■)f the order of his government, and whil-t
peace exictcd between Spain anil tlie United
States.

That mercy an'l humnnity may unite with
the olTen'led La« ami Constitution, in acciisiiij;
rjen. Jack«on i>f being unmindful of their voire,
tiid in refusimr to his laurel crown the rays of
true cliirv, will he aeknowlc'lced by impartial
nosteritv, when they review Ihe lii''t'>ry of his
I idtaii cani'tai^ns, and es'>ecially when they

ting that respect, bv practical i read the stories of Ihe coM blooded massacre a"t
illustriDn. of the principle, saered in every 1 1 le H.rse Shoe; of the deeoved and slaughter-
well ordered Republic, whiel» proclaims the led Indians at St. Marks; of the wantoii and

VIR&INIA coxvEvrro?f.

fii

nnexampled ex..c.ition of *'"''"»'"' ^"^L !
d.slima,., tbun.l 6fM„x?, it .' true, .n the rank.
If thM Sem.noles b.H taken |.r.soner. tr.c.1, I
doo.ur.l to a miUler punishment, and execut.-,
bv..r>ler o. the comman l.n- General, a^.in.t
the.entcnce of the tr.bn.ial appo.nte.i b.v hu..-
self: an.l ..fthe st.U ..iore inj .red Arbntl.n .t,
a„„ I.er Br.ton, not beanjii arms at all,oMl>
fo.in.l :m..,nc th^ warring IimI.hm^ a trider, aiid
auadvoc ite lur peaee. ... ^ ,

We have doae with thi« -icUeninj catalisTMe.
Y.o, have now a bnef Mi,n...ar.> ol the oyid. ncc,
on 'he anlhoritv of which we r jard General
Jaok«on a- wholly d.^qnaltfi. .1 for the Pre=ulen-
cv, i.id lo k t. t;ie ,-ro^..c. t of his election with
til' ino't £;1 >omv forl■b.)dl^g^.

You think, oerhans, we oav a I'Oor corapli-
me'it t> the virtues of our p.'.>ple, and the
.tr-M-lh .ifo.irinHitnti'.ns b. i id il-inj m ap-
prrhJii'i'.isofdn.'er from the en .roachment.
of ..iliiarv ,)OW.r, m tie voiith an 1 usorof our
R .i.iblic,andinthe niid=t of ir.f..und peace.
Wh should, inieed, do ^r^.'l i i.i'i^ice to the
virlni- of our People, the cir.-.utnst..nces of our
coinirv,am! the value of our Government, if
we in iu:g.-din the idle fe^r, (hat an open altuct
,M>..n our liberties, male with any m.litarN
f„r-e which General Jack-on cnld probably
rommaiid la the course of his adiiunistralion,
would bri.i? us under the vok ol his POwer —
These arenotoura.nrehen-ions: we woul 1 bid
a pr )ud deSance to hi- i.o.ver, il he should so
J ,re our liberties. .\ .r will we do hina the in-
i'lstice trtcharjK hi< ambition with any ilesigns,
at (iresent, on 'the liberties of his country, or
withhold our acknowledgement, that, if they
were availed by oth-r=, we h lieve 1 he would
proinplly and boldly drawn bis sword to detend

But we have no security for the continuance
of peace, in whatsoever hands the Government
mav be placed; and it is not unreasonable to
thiiik, that in the hand* of a man of military
pride and talent, and of ungovernable temper,
the danger of w.ir will bo increased. .\ foreign
war may come, niay ra5e with violence, and
fiml Gen. Jar.kscu at the h'-ad of the civil gov-
ernment, and commander-in-chiet of the land
and naval forces. Dissentient views araonj the
States may arise, controversies crow up between
the State and Federal authorities, asdis ensions
and controversies have heretofore arisen ; and
who, then, we pray you, can answer lor the
consequences uf that spirit which sail to Gov-
ernor Rabun, fVlien. I a.n -n tlic field, you have
no audfriti/ to is.tuf a miliUiri/ onltr? Reflect
on this question, we beseech you— on the pecu-
Jiar structure of our government; on the colli-
sions of opinion, and the threatened colli-ions
ofnction, both in peace and war, which have
already occurred between the State and Feder-
al -tuthorities— and then tell us. whether the
fear is altogether visionary, that the first foreign
w»r, seriously waged acainst the United States,
with Gen. Jackson their chief, would bring
danger of civil discord, dissolution of the U-
ni H^and deatlito the hopes of every free govern-
ment in the world.

We say nothins of the danger of civ.l discord.
even when no foreien war should afflict us—
tlwiiigh the retrospect of a few short years
would teach us that such ilanjer is not imagin-
ary—and that the slishtest want of tact, in its
management, the least indulgence of temper,
-xi the part of the Chief Magistrate, might in-

flame the whoK- nati in, and light the luoeral
pile o freedom.

There arc dangers of another kind. If we art;
"-■rrect in the detail of offences committed by
G iieralJackson, against theiuo^t sacred prin-
ciples of our Government, what will be the mor-
al effect of the direct sanction given to these of-
fence-, by rewar.ing the offender with the first
ho.ior oT the nation ! Can we preserve our love
and revereice for institutions which we suffer
1,1 be violated, not onl) without censure, but
with applause. Will not our affection and our
Trneraiion be transierred from thode-pised La«s
and Constitutions, to the lionored 1I« ro wlio his
abuse 1 them — Irom republican simplicity and
virtue, to military pomp and glory J Will you
not,inCne,by sucii example, lay the sure f.in-
ilatiou of that moral depavity, and admiration
of irms, whicli must soon reduce us to the con-
dition in which Greece was eu'l ived by Ales
ander; Rome, by Caesar; F.-igland, by Crom-
well; France, by Bonaparte ; and in which we
will assuredly li'id «oine future J ickson, not too
fastidious to' accept the proffeied crown, and
erect a military despotism on the ruins of the last
Republic.

We appeal to the people of Virginia,
to ■iay what there is in the present party
pilitics, so alluring on the part of Ihe
O|iposilion. so Irighiful on the part of the
Administration, a? to reduce them to Ihe
fraternal ernhraie. or drive them under
the piotection, of snch a man as .-\ndrew
Jackson? We ask an answer to this ques
tion. not from their otTeiided priue, not
from the prejudice which attarhment t
party never fads to beset; bul we ask it
from" their love of country, their love of
truth atiH virtue; we ask i!. afler a deep
and dnpassioiiate consideration of the true
state of the question; after a candid esti-
mate of the Itltle to he possibly gained by
the rejection of Mr. Adams, the incalcu-
lable mischiefs winch may probably attend
the success of his rival If you indulge
the faint hope, that, under the Adminis-
tration of Ciener;»! Jackson, the trilue
which asrricultiire will pay for the encour-
a;jement of domestic industry ;ind eiitcr-
pri-e. will be someivh it lighter than at
present— we ask you fiist. whether the
hope is not groundless? and next, wheth-
er it is wise to insist on enjoying the profits
of your estates in the uttermost farthing
of their fancied value, at the risk of hav-
ing your free allodial lanas converted into
military tenures or liefs of the crown? If
vou are fighting liie battles of General
Jackson, in this political contest, with the
vain hope that victory will conquer from
your adversaries some barren spot ofcon-
stitiition:il ground — He ask whether you
will wage such a war w iih your counlry-
men. at the hazard of laying all your con-
quests, and all your former possessions —
tne Constitution itself, and the freedom if

82

VIRGINIA CONVE.\TiO\.~'-TIIE Ql ESTION.

was intended to protect — at the feet of a j gamcnt. The ^ilsehoud assumed in thi« propo-
(Icspot ? This does not become the char- j sitioncau hardly now be denied by rxiiy hcuest
aclcr of Virginians! j man. The pruof leares no room i .r il.mbt.—

In tlie uncient state of political parties. | And the most iaiprndpnl ptrvorsioncan do lon-
rihen federali>t ■ k lepiililic ins couten'iei.' [ gcr say any thiiii; to give c»li>r to the charge,
for ascendency, there was something in j Mr. Clay's Address and tbedocumtnts accom-
• llie great question? of foreign policy, iu : panyinc it, have settled the "t/ie question."
the leading principles of const.-TjctioM ap- 1 In this ?tatc of the case, thecentnl while-
plied to the conMitution. bearing strongly , wa=hin?c..ra.iiittee at Washington have i.^sued
on the C'f-enlial character of the Govern- 1 a proclnmation for proof, and have m..dc a loud
roent,and worthy of a generous struggle! ,.„unt of what thev intend (o do. And the
between the statesmen, »vho. on the "no i felograph Colonels ;,ar no6,V^ /ru't.nn, a pair
hand sought lo guard ag nnst a dissolution of nohle broih.-rs h'-v opened their .^wr. of
of the I n.oii, by strengtnening the F ede- ibiii.o^g^te u-on Gen. McArthur, Col. Brent,
ral bond, and, on the other, endeavored to i^nj ^,|,„,. ■J.^^^ Annies and blackzii^rds in
avert consolidation, by establishing more , Congress and out; th.' Deshasand ihe Di«->,ns
firmly the Slate authorities. But this state ^^,^. Enquirers Repoblican., and .Merrurie,,
of things has passed away and the fee!- ^<,,th, South, F.ast, and Wcsf,_open ,n cn-
ings and doctrines to which it gave rise.,,, rt. The scene is not nnl.ke one which may
though not entirely forgotten, are almost I (,,. sometimes witnessed in a court of ju^tic^,
iinknow-nin the party di-tinctions of the j „.,,^„,^„„,j ^„^„^^,^^„^^, ,^ ^„^^^^ ^^ .„
day Federalists and republicans mingle U^^^^^,^ ^^^^^j^,, ^ ^^ ,^^„^ ^^^,

tojether in the ranks ot the opposition — I , . u „ i • i-

f", ., ,, ^ . .1 I J 1 , champions, who arc ready to swear, lie, or

and, tosrother rally aroifnd the standard of , .' , . . •' . ' '

.V • ■ . .■ >ni, 11 1 tieht lor her, as occasion may require,

the Administration. There will be no ^,, . , ... , ;, /... ,

, r- ,.,■ 11, .1-1 It IS now beyond dispute tht this cliarje of

ereat principle of political doctrine to (lis- , •' , ■ ^ ^^ ' ,

^. .', ,. ' I .L i-> . ■.■ ri I bargain and corruption originated wilh General

tmiruish them, unless the Opposition, fol- 1 , = ,» o •,

, =. . , 1 ., r . . c .1. I Jackson. xVlr. Buchanan had

loivmg too closely the lootsteps ot those

had a conversAtion
with hira, which the general entirely luisun-

who trample on the Laws and Constitution . , ,,,...
of the country, should give to the suppor- j '^'="'°'"''. '^"'' ""^°'" f«f ""I"'"? '" '"^ for
tersof the.Vlministralion some daim to I "l'"''"''^''"' I'^"''"?'"^'* ''" misu.ken version,
be the champions of civil rule and consti- ('"J^""""^ conversations with various persous
intional law. Shall our parties be hereaf , ""d at various places, notwithstanding which,

in his Beverly letter, the Gencr.il hail so little
regard to the real state of fact, as to say that
the "6e^innin?q/"fie;noU<T irai at hii oirnjirc-
sidc,'^ as much as to say he had not mentioned
it at any otlier place.

To make out a plausible case, Gen. Jackson
states, in his Utter to Beverly, that "two days af-
ter" he had rejected the proposed bargain, it
was known th:it .Mr. Clay intended lo vote for

ter founded on local interests, .and marked
by geographical boundaries, arraying the
North against the -outh.the East against
the West — losing the generous enthusiasm
which is always inspired by a contest for
principle, for honorable distinction, for
pre-eminence in the service of our com-
mon country; and acquiring the bitterness
of spirit, acrimony of feeling, narrow pol-
icy, and sordid views, which ever charac- I Mr- Adams, thereby conveying the intimation
terize the contests of men, slrivin5-,not fori that .Mr. Claj had, until that time, reserved
the promotion of the common good, hut l hirostdf, so as to bo nt liberty to bargain with
for the advancement of their own peculiar I either party. Major Eaton labours to sustain
interests — and which must lead, inevita- ] this view of the case. He tells us of a meeting

My, to the entire subjugation of the weak-
er party, or a dissolution of the Union?"

"TIIE(irF,STIO\.

that took place on the 2ii\ of January, "u/ffr it
had been aicertuirud Viat Jarkson icould make no
disriosure as to his cabinet " And then he tf lis
us of Mr. Clay's chnnse of manner toward
Gen. Jackson on the .Monday following. Ue
"/ladnci'fr btfnre perceived .Vr. Clai/ Hius dislatil
•■The table orator-'at the srcit Jackson din- I "■>'^« General Jackson, hating Ucn prtiioushj
ner at Columbus, very candidly confessed thnl!?"i'f the rnersc." Major Eaton asx-rt., too,
Mr. Adams was to be turned out of oilioe, not that until this time Mr. Clay had concealed hi?
for what he had done, but because he was in.

Uo distinctly asserted— "the ftiTSTioN I'j ni/
ir/iot he has done ? but hoie he ;;r<t there." He
got there by barg-iin and intrigue, and, there-
fore, he ought to be turnc<l out. Such is the ar-

npinions. "On the 23th January, and not ear-
lier. Major Eaton says, was a declaration made
of the course he hod concluded to take. H'hy
Uit neeet.<it!/ of a silence so hn;; and so ripidiv
pruervcdV All this is said by General Jacksop

'THE (irEST10N."-TPE COMPANY.

<i-J

'first ami by Major Eaton .<flor«'anl5, 10 furnish I that ho intended to vote for Mr. A.iUms.

an inference, that Mr. Cl.iy reiuaniwl silent,
tliat lie might n»ake a bargain with Gon. Jack-
<«on— anil that if the General would not Ijiirgain,
then that abarcain misbt be made with Mr.
Ailaais. Cinsetinently, when the General so
loudly Triusvd the trade, it was drove with Mr.
.Aila:.i5, and then Mr. Clay rame out. This
mi-htv labour of inference is now put to (light.
IVIr. Clay's silence, upon whic:h it 15 founded,
is sh»\vn to be an unwarranted as5um|ition of a
fact in .t did not exist. Mr. Clay did not pro-
cl.iim his intention to vote for Mr. Adams in the
ta|.itol, nor i.ublish it in the newspapers. Had
h.; done so, he would have been charged with
using aa undue influence upon the election, and
denounced for his indelicate interference. He
k.'pt his opinions to hims'lf, except in conver-
sation with a few frien.ls. .*nd for so doing he
is charged with ni-.nting to make a bargain. U
seems, therefore, that he could not move with-
out incurring reproach. •

But the question '■'how he g(jl there'" is now
put to rest. The whole foundation of the bar-
gain, as lonitructed by Gen. .Iack;on, has been
found to rest upon sand. Mr. '.'lay did not re-
main in the market li.i the best bidder. He
made up his mind in favor of Mr. Adams, r.nd he
expressed it, not only to Gen. La Fayette, but
to Mr. Senator Beuton, and this before the mid-
dle oCDecember. Here is Mr. Beulon's letter
asserting the fact, and putting it beyond all
doubt or controversy. Gun. JacksBO'sanl Ma-

j'hue is no mis-lukc in the date, as a ,viMt
which I made to your part of Viiginiiv
about that time enables mt to lix Jl ^^ ilh
teitainty. I left Wa^iington.on that vis-
it, about the iSlh ol iJetemhtr, and haJ
received liie int'orniation of l\lr. (,'lay be-
fore I sat out, and told it, wliilu absent, in
the family of my father-in-law ColnncI
M'D.iwell of your county. l'>ul the infer
ence so much insisted upon, that I must
have told the same thing (o Mr. Kalon and
others of his political I'ricnds, is wholly er-
roneous; for, having no authority from .Mr.
Clay to promulgate his inlontions, 1 only
spoke of them in the boMimof a pri\al<;
family at two hundreil ii.iles distance Irom
Wasliinglon Since that period, and es-
pecially during the present summer, 1 have
on several occasions, and sometimes in the
presence of political opponents, when the
coufs.- of conversation led me to it, men-
tioned «hat I knew of Mr. Clay'a early
intention to vote for Mr Adams; and in
this way I came to speak of H agam, some
two or three weeks since, in the house of
my father-in-law, where I liad lirst spoke
of it near three years ago, and whence,
with some additions and variations, v ith-
oul the privity of any one present at the
conversation, it lias crept into the paper
which you have sent nie. No one ever
asked my leave to publish what I said;
if any one had, the author of Ihe puldi-

jor Katon's infeiencts are dispersed as to the I ctiop [^ the Lexmgton paper might
four winds of heaven. False— false— false is \iy^^,p beg,, spared an oflke which nuisl

have been inexpressibly painful to their
honorable feelings, as I should' not have

written nfon themby thchandofMr. Bi;Uton,oDe
of themselves, a leading luembtr of the combi-
nation. Mr. Be.iton confirms Dr. Drake's
statement and the statements of others, and
DulT Green dare not denounce Mr. Benton. —
The question, then, which the Columbus "/a-
lile orator''' siys is the true and only que, is an-
swered aal the answer stamps falsehood up -n
the orator's inferences, as well as upon the in-
ferences of his superiors Mr. Adams "g-o<
Ihere," was made President oy the votes of
those who preferred him to Gen. Jackson, as he
will again be made Pre»ident by the same
uieaas. So much for "</»<? i;urs(io>t." — Cin. Gas.

COLONEL BENTON.

Washinglitim Cilij, iJcc.lllt. 1827.
Sip. — your letter of the 13th ult. cov-
ering theLexingtotiV irginia Intelligencer
of tlru date, has been duly received, and
in answer to the enquiries you put to me,
1 have to state that the article to which
you invite my attention, is substantially,
not verbally, correct, so far aa respects
me as saying that I was informed by Mr.
Clay in the forepart of December, 1821,

refused lo the adminisliation any testimo-
ny in favor to give, notwithstanding the
character of the war which the great
body of their forces are carrying on a,
gainst me. Vouis. respectfully.

TllOM.\S II. liENTON

THE CO-liPANV.

Mr. Vice President Calhoun and hi? princi-
pal supporters, dined on the 8th at Washington,
with Mr. Van Buren and others that were ac-
tive supporters O' Mr. Crawford in 1824. la
March, 1824, the Washington Republican was
in the interest, and supposed to be under the
influence of Mr. Calhoun. The following char-
acter of a portion of the company of the 8th,
was published in the Republican of Feb. iJth,
1824, the day proceeding the cnncus that nomi-
nated Mr. Crawford. It will be seen that there
was no sparing of scurrilous epithets. Faction,
Trmion and Traitors, wpro as uncereineni-

«A

T1:E COMPANY TO t;EX. AXDREW JACKSON.

Haste Hwaj, llifii — c;irpe dii-iu!
Tho«e th.il woulil |irevciit ^ou— fl^'ero!
Youth arift iis:c, with dilfereut facei;
All who hopetir ^-k for plnces —
Folly with hiscaj) auiJ belU —
Ra'ifiie'iS «:th?<;.l>oiic itthatswclU —
All, with em.it^ '.onu- to luock us
Stragcliug, one hy oue, to Caucm.

ouslv applied to the \"aD Buri-ns, Forsj thes and
Cobbi", as it is uow, to those who administer
the govirniiicnt. These Traitors and Faction-
iitf, are now io happj unanimit) and brother-
hood Kith those who thvi'. described Ihcm. —
VoriJy, Uiose arc singular associations.
PARODV.
Wend you with the liadt to night —

Tall and short — ami wc*ak and witty —
Slaiiy >iiicjothat h.itts the lij(ht —

An I I .ves confusion— more's the pity— 1 ..,.,.„ , . ,^.-onv

Sh.illuw knaves, w.th form= to mack us, TO (.L%. ANOiU.M JAC»t.>>0]S.

Are ilra.-linc one by one, to caucus. \ g^ \;^ ^^_^^^ ^,^^^ j^ COIISciouS ol'

There the fears lor the future — the paugs i , . ... , ,„|, ;,„,,,.

for the past having perlorincd ins diiU to his couii-

May be swell'd or expunged as the r.ids try and to lii> tV-llow men, can oojoc i to
'win or loose: a candid examination of Lis conduct.

■'"''''w.llbeca!!',''' ' 1^' i^''"^'- *"^'''-' ^'^'^/"'^^ OIUSW..O.C

That will make' many wish their stiff i private and public life will bear, in all

] respects, a strict and lliorou<;li inve>ii-
gation. It is liuman to err. We all
; therefore, stand in need of the forbear-
ance and ciiariiiej of eac.i other.
Fault? of ^outll,and the minoi otiencee
I of manhood and age. should be over-
j looked and forgiven. J«ol?o, however,
I in resjard to crimes and olTences of a
I deeper die. Thes-e it is always lijjiti-
' mate a: id proper to notice, both for ihe

necks in a noo^c.

Wend you with the Radi to nipht —

Sixty -five perchance they'll niLsler —
There'll be none of niinil or iuii;h( —

Uiit sonic three-^core in a lln^ler —
General Chandler wiil be then —

Toudi as steel, nd bidd as Hector —
Bats'l, with Virginia air —

/on, the Albany dinctor —
Forsi,Ui,v:H\\ his I'orenrn graces —

Edieards, U i//iiinij, in a f-tew —
riotiins brains and dirty faces

With the blushes rediicninic thro'— , _

;Miallow knaves, with forms to luock us, : sake o( piil)lic morals, and lor llie
Strajri^lin^ one by one to Cancns. punishment of tiic olTender. The

Wenil yon with the lixids to nicht — i practice is sanctioned bv our law^ and

A motley crew, and bad the best-- j imposed bv neces>i*v. " In addressing

Win.'in; Irom Ihe boalh their (litht— • , ,•• ,• "i^ ■„,„ ,-,^ I

With two poorstra-Jersfruiuihe West- vou therelofp. I invade no ri2:iU; ior I

"Ti« the tide of fad ion llowin^-

' Tis the noon of treason's rci^-u, —
i/o',r(of Maryland is joitie —

DicI.erson — and Holmes of M.iine —
Western Thomas looking grimly —

From Xew York, a hagard few,
Led by Lot Clarke., seeing dinily.

Spectacles and va]iour thro' —
i^hallow knaves, with form= to mocks us,
Straggling, one by one to Caucus.

Wend you with the Radi to-ni.ht —

Where all eyes will gladly meet you —
If you area proselyte

'EviTy ■^oiil will -I'nng to greet you —
Where the demon of dispuir

Reigns the tyrant of the hour,
And every dark intriguer there,

Jostlesin the race for power, —
J,ahoriT«, suited lor the job,

Will he there at thecio'e of ilay,
Sarbour, h'loydy and Fuol, anil CobL—

Lamttan, ready for hi- pay —
Both the JlarOours, men mistaken '■ —
■Sint/t/i shall scarcely save his bacon —
Gailanl Cock from Ycnnes--c—
Some in uloom and some in .jlee —
Shallow knayes, with forms to mock us,
Straggling, one by one, to Caucus.

Wend yon with Ihe liadsfo night—
Caneusin his court presides —

Proiiii»es-Jind power invite —
Traitors point — and faction piidcs.

shall only call your attention to a sub-
' ject which has been made public by
vourself, ai-.d which relates to matter-
of K^cat political interest.

As a candidate lor the Presidency
you will at once admit, that it became
you to observe a l*gh mind d and
h. norable course in reference to your
I competitors. It is your conduct to-
' wards Mr. Clav, which I propose tc ex-
amine. )Vhatever may have been AiV
I faults, they alVoni no apology for yours,
I vour duty was i)lain — to remain silenL
or to sav nothing concerning him that
; was not strictly true and susceptible of
I i)roof. " Lnpifssion':'^ and •'Ulirj"' fur-
I nish no excuse for the circulation id
Islander. Otherwise the calumniaioi
might go unpunished. a!>d the laiiest
I reputalions be ruined without tlio pos-
i sibility of redress. It i- equally reprc-
j hcnsible for ;i man to assail another by
insinuation and surmises. This mode
1 of attack is more fatiil and malignant,
' though it possesses at thesauie time, all

■ro orv. Avntn^wj ACKsov.

66

the Jani:iiiig • i .i, •.:■ oi tii a <•• ■ i ni
*inv:irdice. Ii ^dire-st's itself to tiie
HI iri)id iinagiiiatioiis of t!ie vulgar, who
Biagiiify a nod or an iriue'ido, inlo a (h-
rec charge, while the defamer shrinks
fri>m re<ponsihility under his guarded
expressions. No ina'< of sensitive hon-
our will assail an adversary in cither of
these modes. If lie be disinterested,
and have any tiling to say, he will
speak wit'i a precision and !)old less
that cannot be misinterpreted or misun-
derstood.

That you have both spoken and
writ;en of Mr. Clay's conduct, in refcr-
ei'ce to the last Presidential eleciion,
cannot be denied. The character of
jour remarks, both verbal a',d written,
is of an extraordinary kind. I sav ex-
trfoHiitary, because vou have evinced
thes 'me equivocal temper, so co-spicu-
ou- in your letter to Dr. Coleman, on
the subject of the Tariff. And is it not
extraordinary, that a m.m of vour reput-
ed candour a.id fairioss, should always
bo misunderstood? You eitlier have
arraigned Mr. Clay before the Ameri-
can public, for his conduct on the Presi-
dential question, or vou have not. It
is in vain to shutflc out of tlie alterna-
tive. Your own language' as given to
the people, must delermine the point,
and the rule of construction must be the
same in this, as in every other case.

The first attack upon Mr. Clay, by
yourself, which I shall notice, i> in voar
letter to Samuel Swartwout of N. York,
dated at Washington, the 23d of Feb-
ruary, 1825. The election of Presi-
dent had ju>t transpired. You soon
after congratulated Mr. Adams upon
his success, showing by your conduct,
that you had every confidence in his in-
tegrity and talents. After speaking in
the most bitter terms of Mr. Clav, in
your letter to Swartwout, vou proceed
In the following manner: —

"When the penple failed in their cnl!pj;f« to
make rhoice of a Presiriciit, nu <me beheld me
seeking Vtmuffh art or manai;'-mf-nt, t'l entire
arty representative in Congress from a consnen-
tions responsibiliti/ l.i his oirn. rr tlie tris'ies of his
ooistitaents. Vi midnight taper bvml bi/ me;
no secret C'lm laves irere liclil, iu> rahnls entered in-
f?, to persiia ie any one V> a viotction of p!i dgrs
girm, or of instructions rectirei. By ME n/i
t>lans were concerted to impair the pwe principles
of our rrpuljliran institjUions, nor to proslrat' that
Ajnda'nental maxim idiir.'t mrtii'tnias (he supre-
^•c^of the rKortle'srrftl'"

1l is a iiuiuer of asiOi'.isnnie t i . n a
man of your rcpui.ition, and situated as
you were at the time, should hate writ-
ten such a paragraph as this. It is .-till
more astonishing, after having writ en
it, and knowing that it was publish. 'd^
that you siioulil have written and >aid
other tilings in direct contradiction to
it. For you have said in another lei rf;r
which I shall notice presently, th.t;
i/ou •> ■iave ot been Mr. Ctay^s accuser."'
Read the extract and inform the Amerf-
can people what you intended t!.ey
>hould understand by it. Was not Mr.
Clav in your mii;d when vou wrote it,
and did you not intend every word of
it to apph to liim? You were writi, g
to Swartwout about him — you spoke
of him in terms of harshness and re-"
proach, and immediately fall into the
above strain of saying that you had r)ot
intrigued, &c. &c. No other fair in-
terpretation can be put upon the quotat-
tion, ttian that you believe Mr. Clay,
was guilty of the very practices of
which you boasted yourself to be free.
It was so understood by the people. In
the bitterness of jour soul, sharpened by
disappointment, you poured forth your
Complaints into a kindred ear, embody-
ing all the charges which had-ther, or
have since been preferred against Mr.
Clay. Yet you have'lihe audacity to
come before the publrc,.and declare
that you are not Mpj 'Clay's Accuser! I
grant sir, thus far^tharf in Hire d krrns,
you were not Ms p>1?cusef. You availed
yourself of the usual subterfuge of the
slanderer, and covered your ciiarges
under expressions of such a character,
as vou thought would leave you room
to escape. But it is in vain to attempt
it. The import of your language is
plain — it hats been published to the
world, and yo\i must abide the conse-
quer.ces. Fully written out it would
read as follows: "Mr. Clay has sought
through art and management to entice
Representatives in Congress to disre-
gard their own responsibility and the
wishes of their constituents. He hag
burnt midnight tapers, and entered into
secret conclaves and cabals to persuade
them to violate pledges given, and in-
structions received. He has concerted
[)lans to impair the pure principle*^
of our republican institnMons, a»d fo

J.

C6

TO GEN. ANDREW JACKSON.

prostrate that fundaniental maxim,
which maintains the supremacy of tlie
people's will.''' I defy you, sir, or any
of vour apologists, to escape from the
rei'li'ig I have here given the quotation.
True, the text has not the redeeming
qualily of bold and direct assertion;
bm< it is i rte:idcd to have the same
forro andeffct. It discovers a willing-
ness on your part, to calumniate witliout
th- manhood to me'it its responsibility.
I -^unmit to you and tne country wheth-
er F 'live not taken a just view of the
ma;i3r in question — leaving the point
witn this remark: that you did on the
23d of February, 1825, charge Mr.
Clay in terms too plain to be misunder-
stood by the puMic. wit'! all the in-
tr'2ue and conuplioii, which Kremer
and otiiers have preferred against him.
Tii'j next thin;^ connected with my
subitct which I shall notice, is your
coi'duc*^. or rather silence in the Senate
ef the U:iited Slates, when Mr. Clay's
nomination for Secretary of Slate came
before that body for coi.firmation. —
You were a member, ar'd according to
your ow.i showing, were in possession
of afi the information relative to the
pretended bargain, whicii you ever
had. Rilleet upon your position — a
grave Se .alor, sworn to support the
CO'istitution and bound in honor to i-ro-
tect the parity of the Government. Be-
sides, you had that reputation for
severe justice, which wouhl not permit
you for a moment to look upon intrigue,
even in its mo-l fascinatirig furm-. You
had bee!; m:ide ac(|uainted with Mr.
Cla^s alleged miscoiduct, early in
January, The appointment was some
time subsequent. But what did you
do ? Did you rise in your place as
an hoTiorahle and high minded man,
ami protest against tlie appointment !
Rt,'i;ardless of private iirterest, and
solely bent \i\m\) the good of your coun-
try did you call for a committee of
investigation, that you and Buehaiian,
and your other inlbrmants might dis-
close to the Senate the infamous mon-
ster tliey were about to ap[)oinl ? No
Sir, you did nothing of tlie kind. ^ ou
gave a silent negative vole, ami let the
njan whom you have branded as the
basest i:!triguer. pa.^s into ollicc with-
out a single manly eflbrt to prevent it.

Consideri.ig your character, ai d the in-
formation you pretended to have, wiial
ought a reasonable public to think o!
your conduct ? Mr. Clay was at hand —
the witnesses were all present — the
pretended bargain had just been
made — the thing was fresh — tlie Senate
had power to investigate it ; and you
looked silentl) on, and in tendaysafter-
wards wrote a letter to New-York, pre-
lerring in substance all the charges
against Mr. Clay, and boasting that you
were free from them ! Sucli conduct
is certainly very extraordinary. —
What the public in general may ihiik
of it, I know not; but for mv«elf, 1 can
give it no other construction than tlial
you did not know any tliingagainst Mr.
Clav, or that you had not iionesiy aiid
boldness enough to assert it. Review
the case and see how it stands. Early
in Jauuar}, you say, a friend called on
you, and told you of the intrigue that
was going on between 3Ir. Clay and
Mr. Adams, you diil a'tpposi he came
from Mr. Clf-y, ikoiigb he used the term
^'- Mr. Clay's friends." Again, Carter
Beverley asked you wliether the over-
tures imputed to Mr. Clay were well
founded ;yourreply was,"/nw:;f;-f 5/ him
cann'illy, Lcing unable, as rrf// as Kuinll-
>ng to refuse lelliitff things I had heard
and KNEW TO BE TRUE!"' You
knew the things you had heard to be
true! Yet « iiii all this ii-.lbrmalion
you pennitted Mr. Clay's iiomination
to be confirmed, without a struggle.
Did you do your duty as a man or a
Senator? Certainly not. The truth is.
Sir, notwithstanding all your verbosity
and circumlocution.your tales in letters,
tayerns, and steam boats, you knew
nothing against Mr. Clay or 31 r. Adams.
Enough has been developed of your
character, to convince any man of ob-
servation- that yon would have trampled
Mr. Clay to the dust long before thi?.
if you had had it in yourpower.

-Vlthough I have relerrcd to youi-
denial of being Mr. Clay's accuser, still
1 deem it proper to examine that point
iii a particular manner. Korthis pur-
pose, I Millrecapitulaieinsubstar.ee
your remarks, and add such as I have
not iierototbre noticed. Your char-
ges in (lie SwartwDut letter have al-
ready been quoted — it would he sufli-

TO fiRN. AN'DRFW JACKSON.

er

cient to rest tiie aigument on tiiisj
point alone. But I do not stop liere.
Voii have bet-n vociferous in your de-
nunciations of Mr. Clay from the time
of the election to the present moment.
On your way from Washington city to
the Hermilagf, just after the election
had transpired, you made use, both in
taverns and steam boat-;, of the follow-
ing language. — " If 1 had made the
same promises to Mr. Clay that Mr.
Ad imsdid, i might have been elected
.President!" This language is proved
upon you by the most respectable wit-j
nesses. I need not mention their |
names — they are already in your pos-
session. If any thing further were
wanting on this head, I could refer to
your conversation which took place on
Sims' poarch, a tavern kept at Wheel-
ing, Va., where you said in public com-
pa-iy, the same thing, though at that
place, you acquitted Mr. Adams of
any participation in the '■hcirgain.^ You
repeated tlie same declarations in dif-
ferent parts of the country — you made
no secret of your sentiments, though
you took care at all limes to provide a
way for retreat. On arriving at your
■seal in Tennessee, in answer to Carter
Beverley's enquiries, you declared be-
fore '• seven VirginiiDis, awl a crowd of
company, that Mr. Claij s friends made a
proposition to your friends, that if they
zcould promise for you that you ivould not
put Mr. jdams into the seat of Secretary
of Stale, that Mr. Clay and his friends
would in one hour make you the Presi-
dent!" This language Mr. Beverley
published in the Fayettville Observer;
and on the 2Gth of June you confirm
the publication, and add: '■'I anitvrrrd
Mr. Bc-cerley freely and frankly ; and did

SUPPOSE THE GENTLEMAN WHO INFORMED
ME, CAME FROM MR. ClAY^ ALTHOUGH HE
USED THE TERM Mr. ClAV's FRLEXDs!"

In your address to the public on the
28lh of July, you continue the sub-
jecl, by saying; '•'■Mr. Beverley requested
to kmne of me, other gentlemen being pre-
sent, lehclhcr the overtures imputed to Mr.
Clay, zt'ccc ii'cll founded, awl if I had any
knomledge of the fact myself. I ansu^er-
cd him candidly -^ being nimble as well as
un:L-illing to refuse telling thinss I hid
lie^rd awl KNEW TO ^?E TRUE!"
Vo'.i then repeated ihr overtures which

you pretei>ded had b<e;i made, and
close by sayiii;: "To be tluis .tpproach-
ed by a gentleman of Mr. Buchanan's
high character and sta.idiiig with an
apology proffered at the time for what
he was about to remark to ni'": one
who, as I understood, had always to
that moment been on familiar and
friendly terms with Mr. Clay, assuinig
me, that on certain terms and condi-
tions being assented to, on my part,
then by a union of Mr. Clay and his
fiiends they would put an end to the
Presidential contest in one hour, v;}iat
other conclusion or inference was to be
made, thari that he spoke by nuthority
ci/Aero/MR. Clay himself, or some or
HIS confidential friends!"

After having written the Swarlwout
letter and spoken and pubKshed the
above declaratioi'S, you have the hardi-
hood to say to the American people
that you have not been Mr. Clay's ac-
cuser— that tlie origin and beginning of
the business had been at your own fire-
side, and that you should be rejoiced if
Mr. Clay could clear himself of the
charges against him!! Is it possible,
sir, that you consider the people of the
United States so stupid as to believe
one word of your assertions? If a ca-
lumniator were to be sought among all
the ranks of the opposition, none could
be found of greater perseverance and
malignity than 3'ourself. You have
pursued your object with a spirit as
remorseless as tiie grave. The man
who disappointed your inflated ambi-
tion has been marked as your victim.
Neither yourself iioryourminions could
persuade or bend him to your purposes,
and you determined on his destruction.
But tliank God he has escaped your
toils. " Ttuth is might ij and must pre-
vail IT

One thing in regard to the part you
have taken in the slanders against Mr.
Clay, has always struck me with sur
prise. It is your total indilFerence and
carelessness in relation to facts. After
declaring in the most insinuating man-
ner sufiicient against Mr. Clay to sinl<
him to the lowest depths of degrada-
tion and contempt — adding at the same
time, your conviction of its truth, you
say with all the meekness of a hypo-
crite, "thrityou may have done him iujn'-

08

TO GEN. ANDREW JACKSON.

tice ; if so, the gentleman informing you
can explain ! P'' There is something so
moiistrous in this cold hlooded calcu-

refrrred to the same Iransaction. You
ditTur ii. dates a." Well a* in material
(aci-^. li. the tir>t place vou say, tl.at

laling resen-atioii, that I can attribute Mr. Buchanan visited _vou"ca/7i/ in J: n-
it to nothiiiji; hul an utter depi-.iviiy j i/an/, 1825" — made lo you the mer-
bothofthe head and ot' the heart. Is i ture^, tc. Mr. Buchanan says it v as
it ii<ual for honorahle men thus lo deal | '^on tht lO/A DfitmhfT, 1824."' I r." te
with their compi-titors? Is it just and tliis not as material; but to show your
risjht to cast upon a man the foulest im- careless;,ess and inaccuracy in the
putations upon opinions ami belief, and i ^tatPmLMt of iacts. You ag;ain say,
alter the slander has taken effect, to | that Mi. Buchai an "inloimed you tl.at
sax that otlicrs can coriectit? A dif-, there was a great intrieue going oi, —
fcrent mor;ility has taught me tha m<Mi I that he had been informed by the
should he extremely careful to ''■.ty rniEiim ot'Mk. Clw, that the friends of
nothing discreditable to their fellow ' jtfr. ArJitas hcd made mcrtnres to thfrn^
men, without the clearest and liest au- • saying if Mr. Cli\ and his friei ds would
thority. h was your duty, therefore, unite i'' rtid of the election ol Mr. ,A.l-
to have a.-ccrtaincd pret jsely and dis- ams, Mr. Clav should Bi Si cket.^i t or
tincily, what Mr. Buchanan aid your t.\te. That the friei d> of .Ad ins
other informants haf said, before you : were urgi: g as a reason to ii dure the
ve;iti>red toacld ihe woiifhtofyonriiame friei ds of Clay to accede to their prop-
to a public declaration of it. You -ay, ' osition, that if you were elec'ed Ppsi-
**ifyou were incorrect the gen'leman dent Mr. Adams uoiild be contii.u. <■
informing vou could explain?'' surely Secretary of State, (ii uei do th( re
if 'le could ox|)lain to the pul'Ilc, he would be tio room for Kentuckx.)"
could liave e.\.|)hii"ed to I/OK. He was This is your accoui:t of the ovi rture.
within vour reach; and a man careful You aver di>iii'ctly that Mr. Buclian-
of reputation and witling to be just, an told you tha' the ii trisrue was goi; g
Wiiuhi have >oug!U the explanation be- i on between the friends of Mr. Adcmsaua
jbre he had ventured to circulate "de- \Mr. Clay. Clay"« friei.ds had told l.inj
oeptive rumours among the crowd."' 1 iso — overtures had •ll^^•ady been made,
repeat, there wa:* an indifference and i &c. ?Jo\v hear .Air. Buchanan"s own
callifii-ness of feeling in your conduct, i version: he says: '"1 staled to Gen. Jr.ck-
w lich calls for tlic severest animadvcr- \son there tras n report in eirmliiliiu thi t he

Sion. The charges against Mr. Clay,
or ifyou please, your insinuations and
©pinions, were of the blackest cliarac-
ter. If true, they were sutiicient to

H.VO DETEHMPCED HE WeiUD ATIOINT Mr.

Adams SECRrTABv or Stafe, jn ease he
Tverc elected President; aid that 1 wished
lo ascertain from Mm whether he had

de-troy him Imth as a politician and as [ ever intimau-d .-uch iiitti'lioi'. T'r.at
a man. Yet vou repeat them, confe>s- ' he musi a' o ice perceive how injvirirus
ing at the same lime thai you may be ' to his election sucli a rcnort might be!"'
wrong, but takiiig no pains though you • Does this corrc'po d !'• the least v ilU
had the means to be right! Ou the | your assertions? So far fioui it. Mr.
same principle a man may slander his, Buchanan was t.ilkii g, not about Mr.
neighbor's daughter or his wife \\Uh\ Clay''s friends, at^d what thev aid the
ini|)Uiiily. He may say, "//"//ii.uc (Aj/sc | friends of Mr. Adams were doii g: tut
her injustice the gentleman informing me I what it was reporlt'd i;ou had said, and
can explain!"' Such, sir, is not the I what _i/oti were I'oing lo do. He came
moral feeling of the people of the Uni- 1 to you, accordiiig to his own dela-
ted States. ration, not to trll tf any intrigue, but 'o
1 pass now to a comparison of your know whether yo^i hnd said cerl'iin
statements with those of I\lr. Buchan- j /A(')(<^.s- which he conceived wonM le
an, a witness produced bv yourself and j injurious to your election! Mr. Buch-
on wliose testimony uMi relv for justiti-i aiian then proceeds to give his rea'^ons
catio;t. So great is the discrepancv i :c/iy the report in circul.Tlion would l<c
bC'vecn Ihcin, tb.it no'e but 'Ourl)lii:d| iniuriou* to von. He ^aid there wire
TVorshippers woajd have supposed they ' other gentlcnicn. among whom he in-

TO GEN. ANBRinV JACKSON INWIANA CONVENTION.

C9

eluded Mr. Clay, liiat might aspire to I But again you say : " I did suppose Mrj

tho office o(" Secretary of Stale, Hiid if 6'((/i(nw" had come frovi Mr. Clay
it were believed vou had already de- a/though Iw used the tirm Mr. C ail's
termiiied to appoint Mr. Adam's "«< l/ncrtdi." How in the name of common

inig'it have a most unhappy effect upon
their exertions & tiiose ol'lheir fi-iends!"
Not a word in all tins ahou' Mr. Clay's
intrigue—not a syllable coaccrnijtg of-
fers made by Mr. Adams' friends to
Mr. Clay's friends! But tlje whole
CO iveriation related toi/ourself- — giving
you tliis advice, that you should make
no promises or deilaraiioiis tiiai would
d'-'ter those who mii;ht aspire to the of-
fice of Secretary, from voting !or you.
M- Bucba:'an then proceeds to say,
that he relaied to you the substance of
the (onversatio he had held with Mr.
M Tdev; and what was this? Was it
th it he liad my proposi ion to make
from Mr. Ciav or his friends? No.
Did he come from Mr. Clay? No. Did
he vofc for Mr. Adams? No. Wlial
then was Mr. Markley's mission? Let
Mr. Buchanan answer. He says, Mr.
Markley and I got into coaversatio.i,
witen 'he aciverl<i.l to the kumouji / had
medt oned and said it ~^as caladaled to in
jure Get,. Jackso7i !''"' flerc then werf
two of your friends, for they both voted
for vou, contriving ways aiid means to
effect your election. Neiiherof them
had any commission from Mr. Clay or
his friends. Both had heard the repon
that you had said, if elected, you %vould
continue Mr. Adams in the oiBce of
Secretary of State — both thought that
Mr. Clay might justly aspire to that
office, and ibat a declaration on your
part beforehand, that you intended to
appoiiit another man, might disaffect
Mr. Clay and iiis friends, and lose you
tlseir votes in the house! It was to con-
tradict this report, t' al Mr. Markley
and Mr. Buchanan held this conversa-
tion;— and it was to get i/'/ii to niithorize
its co:itradiction, that Mr. Buclianan
waited upon you. So far then from
furnishing you any evidence of a bar-
gain between Mr. .4d(ims and Mr. Clay,
the conversation was totally upon a dif-
ferent subject. It was an attempt or
t' e part of your friends to be author-
ized to court the favor of Mr. Clay and
his friends. Hence I am bold to say.
that Mr. Buchanan does -lot support
von thus far, in a single partirnlar.

sense, could you suppose he came from
Mr. Clay, when as he himself discloses,
he visited you on a subject referring
solelv to your own reputed declara-
tions? But hear Mr. Buchanan: he
says, "I called on Gen. Jackson on the
occasion which I mentioned, solely as
his friend upon my individual responsi-
bility, and not as the agent of Mr. Clay
or any other person. * * Until 1 saw
Gen. Jackson's letter to Mr. Beverley,
the conception never once entered my
mind that he deemed me the agent of
Mr. Clay or his friends, * * He
could not, I think, have received this
impression until after Mr. Clay and his
friends had elected Mr. Adams, frc.
Again Mr. Buchanan says: "Had I
ever known or even suspected tnat
Gen. Jac'^son believed I hud been sent to
him by Mr. Chiy or his friends, I should
have immediately corrected hi« ivro-
leous imiiressions." Here again you
and Ml'. Buchanan are at varia>ce. He
denies, but in teims of as much delicacy
as he can, that he ever gave \ou
reason to liclieve that he came from
Mr. Clay. Yet it is said and by your
permission, that he supports you in all
your material assertions! I close the
subject by expressing my entire convic-
tion tiiat vou are not altogether so dis-
interested in this business as you and
your friends pretend. You have spo-
ken against Mr. Clay without cause,
and have charged him without proof,
you have lent yourself to a faction,
organized for personal agraridizcmerit,
regardless alike of the peace and hap-
piness of the country, and of tlic repu-
tation both of yourself and your oppor
nents

INDIANA CONVENTION.

The following^ Electoral Ticket was
agreed upon by the friends of the Ad-
ministration in Indiana on the 14th ult^'
Joseph Orr, rf Ptiinam county
John Watts of Dearborn,
Joseph Bartholemew of Clark,
Isaac Montgomery of Gibson,
James Abmstrovg, of Mnnrnr'.

GE.\ERAL RErLECilONS).

«;E>ERAL, ItErLECTIONS. (

Truths wliicli assail our vanity by
expo-ii]g weaknesses in our character,
are seldom received with satisfaction,
aiid are most generally, either resented
as impertinent, or rejected as inappli-
cal)le. So fal-ehoods which (latter our
pride, by ascribing to us virtues which
We do nolpossess, are geperally receiv-
ed with complacency, and secure to
<hose who utter them, some special
mark of our regard. All this results
from the disposition so natural to our
kind, to be thought favourably of by
others, whether we deserve to be or
not. And as men generally prefer, j
rather to communicate pleasure than I
to give olVence, eo flattery, however |
gross, is more common than reproof, j
however deserved. These principles j
it is believed explain the whole theory ]
of tliat miserable hypocrisy which pre- i
vails so universally in the world, and j
erjsrenders so much mischief in the com-
mo.i intercourse of individual life.

Ii were comparatively well, how- ;
ever, if the circle of individual associa- 1
tion could lie made to limit the action
of these principles in its intlucnce upon
the characters of men. But all experi-
ence shews that this cannot be done.
They pass into the great mass ofna-j
(ional feeling, and make a part in tite ;
great aggregate of national character.!
Hence the Paipir love to be llattcred
as well as individuals; and they are
about as sensitive, v\hen, however;
titly, they are made Ihe^ subject of re- 1
proof. Hence the bolder and more
palpable the truths which implicate
their patriotism, their good sense, their
intelligence, oi- their virtue, the deeper
generally, is their indignation at the
fancied impertinence which dares to
entertain them, and the louder thecr>
of denunciation against the man, who
is honest and independent enough to
give them utterance. T.n the other
hand, they swallow as with a greedy
appetite, and often re'ward with their
special favour, the honeyed cant and
flattery dealt out to their credulity by
designing demagogues about " the peo-
ple's riishtf, the. people's iiilelligcnrc, and
ihc priipli'spovcr,'^ &-c.; while the heart
which such miserable (lattery disguises,
is replete with studied policy and de-

liberate falsehood. It is the purpose
o( tliis paper to speak the seiuim< nts
o( truth arid soberness, without a (ear
of consequence;, and without a fastid-
ious delicacy in the choice of terms,
whoever, or hewsoever many may
take offence thereat. And should the
happy consequence result, of awaken-
ing the people to a proper con.-idera-
tion of ihtir claims iipnn ihcinsehrs, as
well as upon those who are ca'ididaies
for their sulFrage, the etibrt wliicli pre-
sumes to treat so plainly, and with
such certainty of odium, a subject of so
much delicacy, will be abunuai'tly re-
warded.

It is a grand mistake, and may one
day prove a fatal one, to suppose that
the American people have arrived to
such a degree of intelligence as lO be
proof against designs on theircredulity,
or to such a dijiree of moral power, as
to place them beyond the pos-ibilit\ of
an improper and wayward induliienti-
of their passions. For all tiie ordi^ ary
purposes of maintaining the integrity of
their institutions and ensuring the pres-
ervation of their form of government,
their every day habits and modes ot
thinking, suggested and regulated by
their most direct ard palpable indi-
vidual in'erests, are doubtless a sutli-
cient guaranty against their going radi-
cally wrong. But this proves nothing
of superior intelligence — nothing of
extraordinary virtue. The boy has an
C'lual claim to either, \\h>-> has so learn-
ed his way to school, and loves so well
to travel it that he could not lose it.
if he would, and would not if he could.
It is only in times of great political
emergency and excitement, when some
1 formidable revolution is scugbl to be
jetTcctcd either in fundamental princi-
I pies or (ixed habits, that national intel-
ligence can display its greatest power,
and national virtue exert its influence
with the most sensible elTect. It is
only in times like those refered to, that
aiiy moral necessity exists to call out
the genius of a people, or to put their
virtue to its strongest test. Hence,
that people reposes in a (alse security,
that relies upon that sort of inielli-
gence, which reters to a routine ol
principles merely habitual, to meet the
emergencies of extraordinary events-.

GENERAL REFLECTIONS.

and Uj)on tbf^M^ of moral strength,
that answers ^^11 enough for the
smooth and steady sei of life, but is
lost to its proper sphere of action, when
it encounters ilie whirlwind and the
storm.

Unless the present alarming excite

its projected application, must date a
new era in the political history of our
Republic.

The task is too great, for cither
friend or foe, to undi-rtal<e the discus-
sion of Gen. Jackson's pretensions to
the Presidencj", as an nbstrncl question.
ment of the public mind, and thecausej The field of argument furnishes no re-
of it are greatly misjudifed. they pre-] sources in his favor, because (ruth and
sent a most lamentable illustration of i good sense can point to no principle
the prevalence of ignorance overiutel- j that is properly connected with the sub-
ligencc, and of morbid passion over iject, that can at the same time, be asso
sound and deli'H'rate judgment. It is ciated withone singlefiualificationofhis
a truth too, almost too le.-irful to be I character, that marks him out as a fit
uttered, that this ignorance, and this ] candidate for such a station. Tbat
pa-^sion, in the desperate and reckless ; field is al^o equal, y barren of resource*
enterprise in whicii ;ill their worst attri-j in opposition to hijn; for what man of
bules are enlisted, receive their im-i common sense would resort to argu-
pulse and direction from intelligence j ment to prove that a fool was not a
of the highest ordt-r, sliamefuUy per- wise man, or (hat a political, or any
verted to the uiihallowed purposes of other sort of knave, was not an honest
personal ambition; the accomplishment one. The slirewdest of the friends of
of whicli, proposes the elevation of a Gen. Jackson are abundantly aware of
few leading political desperadoes, to' this dilemma; and accommodating the
the highest seats of power, at the ex- course of their discussions to an evasion
pcnse of all the principles, all the vir-'of the inference which that dilemma
tues, and all the blessings which ren-' fairly authorizes, arc meanly coiitent
der the government of any value, in ' to rest his claims to elevation, upon al-
thc administration of whicii, (I'.at pow- : leged deficiencies in his competitor. —
cr is legitimatelv exercised. Let it he , When driven from this paltry refuge
admitted and believed, as it doubtless by the almighty po\frer of truth, and
should be, tliat the American people called upon again for positive, instead
are too honest to go wrong by design: of negative recommendations, they
It is still too true, that tliey are not suf-
ficiently Jealous to suspect, nor suffi-
ciently shrewd to detect the arts thro'
which a desperate combination of dis-
appointed demagogues are assailing
them, to resist, in any considerable ex-
tent tlie allurements by which those
arts would decoy them into the mnst
tatal errors. Hei'.ce, those imposing in-

urg^' upon you (lie very ]ioin(. which of
all otiiers. in itself, and i(< connections,
furnishes the most powertul argument
against him. They refer you with af-
fected confidence to his military ser-
vices— the only ones with which his-
tory does any honor to his name thro'
a long life of sixty years. They call
him the saviour of his country — the
fluences of military friscinations, opera- 1 Hero of two wars — the second Wasli-

ting upon the passions to prevent the
wholesome discriminations of moral fit-
ness and expedience, which had kin-
dled up a flame ihroug'iout the union,
threatening a catastrophe thatsliall burn
up, iiidiscriminat(;ly all tlie good and
evil of the la!:d. Hence, that anjazing

and alarming popularity of a military ; military glory was also the theatre of
thief, which for tlie last three years has his military usurpations: — that the soil
brought so much distraction upon the! which his bravery assisted to defend
country, and which threatens the intro- ; against om enemy, became the domin-
duction of a principle into t!ie exercise ' ion ofr/;!o//i(7-in his own person. They
of our elective (Vanchise, as novel as it | never remind you that the precious
i> dancerou*. and which if successful in' blood of AnrioncaH ritizen* \\;\? shed

ington. Our language is too j)oor and
too cold to express the half they feel to-
wards him. and too limited in its num-
ber of hii;h pounding and adulatory ep-
ithets, to keep pace with their phrcn-
zied zeal in applying (hem. But the}
never remind you that (he field of his

itt*

GENERAL REFLtCnONs.

even to thelastebbo<*Ufe, in the mere
waTilon'icss ol powt-r, without the ro-
ni'>t^»t die. ate of policy to recommend
it, or oven tru* common forms of law to
ju-tifv or warrant il. Tliev never re-
mi il yoii that the first and most sacred
pr!i;lc(Tpof tMe Constitution — the writ
of Habeus Corpus— was suspeuded —
that tlie freedom of the pre^s was out-
ratjed by liie w.iiiton imprisoi merit of
an independent citizen who liad the
bold'iess to assert and exercise it; and.
in tine that all the departments of the
civil (government were virtually hatid-
ed over to the keeping of a soldiery,
with the certain understanding, that the
severest mililarv inflictions would mark
the slightest act of disobedience to a
military despot's will! *

These are matters which it is not

nominal file leader, but in fact, its mis-
erable tool. T'le decencie.- of deliber-
ate discussion have no quarter i;i such
places; and tlie cliaracteristic modesty
of sound argument always retreats dis-
gusted, leaving tlie boisterous passions
that opposed it, in full and confirmed
possession of the field.

Hence the grand secret of General
Jackson's popularity in relation to the
Presidency. All the worst passions of
the heart, undisciplined ')y moral prin-
ciple and uncontrolled by thought, arc
warring in his favor; and honest but de-
luded ignorance is enli-ted in the cau<e,
because it knows no better. Yes. let
it be repeated again and again. a:id let
it go forth, as a solemn and alarming
truth, to the furthermost corners oi our
land, that, with the ho'iest mass of the

oo"vcnient for the friends of General | people of these Uiiit"d States, G-neral
Jackson to remember. Tiiev either i Jackson is su-tained, solelv, by that

pass them over as venial errors, un-
worthy of serious discussion, or treat
them with c<):iti-mpt, as talse: accord-
ing as intelligence or ignorance may
happen to be the subject on which
their efforts in ^^upport of theGeuerars
pretensions may chance to be directed

sort of higli exeitement which ig or-
ance i-alwavs liahU to, and which ig-
norance.however honest, always enjoys
— an excitement, which, in the case in
hand, has reached a point of delirium
tlialstrugslcs against all depleting rem-
edies, ai.d fight- against all impressions

in the reading roomsand literary circles hut such as directly tend to add more
af our cities and our towns, wliere mind luel to the flame that keeps it up —
is fairly opposed to mind, and where a . When it will eid, and how much mis-
knowledge oifach is possessed by eve- 1 chief it will do in the vast expanse of
ly one, common policy, as well as a ne- ; territory over which its contagion has to
eessary courtesv, requires the admis- operate. God only knows, and time
sion of certain indi.-putahle truths. In only can de;ermine. Meanwhili' it be

8uchplaces,theheroism,the patriotism,
the genius, tiio respect for the constitu-
tion and the laws, which the General's
friends are so sedulous in their attempts
to fix upon his character, are all under-
stood, and, by honest men, regarded.

lioves every honest man and well wi>h-
er of his country, to do his utmost to ar-
rest its course, and if he cannot alto-
gether put it down, at least, in some de-
gree, to neutralize its moral influence.
•Viixious forchodincs have frequently

with tiic degrajingqualificalions which i been expressed by some of the soundest
properly hehing to them. But in the , Statesmen of our country, in reference
taverns and tlie cofl'ee houses, in the I to the great problem of the durability
grog sho|)s and the shambles, at the of our institutions. The spirit ol the
bear baits and in the race fields, the revolution is rapidly jiast^ing away; a
Ger;eral is known only as '• the Hero oft new race of men, with new feelings and
New Orleans" — ''the Saviour of his new motives to action, is fast superced-
country," and every attempt, however ling the generation of patriots to whicli
honest and prupiih dirf-cted.lo retnove : the revolution ^ave existei.ee and char
th<' veil which cover-the grossiniquities acter. Men are more selfish now. th.m
ofhls military liie, and thcdark deprav- j then, because they have ]css pulp-iblc in-
ity of h- moral character, is met with ducement to.l.e patriotic. They look
the gross abuse and hull\ing defiance | more lo themselves, &, less to their coun-
that arc suited to the c-i'.isr which nrjres i tn .because their country seems capable
hJsprct(n«ioi.s,andtothonw,>»whoisit's'of takins (are of itself witi»out ihetV

GKNERAL UFri^CCTTONS THE PAfiFANT AT NEW OHT.EANS.

•rs

assistance; thev have no enemy at
tiieir gates to dispute witli them the
posses'-ioii of their tiiosidcs; no cry tor
the (lefooce of liberty, to di^tiir!> the
sile-it repobCoCthe nigiiUor, in ti'.eday
time, lo draw them from the iiOTie?t
laHours of their pcareful lives, to the
on.T.itioiis of the tented field. T!ie
qa stioii, then, of los-^ a .d gain, in the
acC'iu:it current of individnal interest,
de'eriiii'.ie> most men to look to the in-
d^s^idual advantage ti\cy are to acquire,
before they make up their minds to
hazard pcrsoinil interests upon the un-
certainties of political aflliirs. If this
he true, and we iiave examples of it
e\erv dav, what great permanent and
abiding pri'iciple of i;aiion;il cha.ractcr
ca ■ we rely upon, to sustain us in fu-
tur:' conflicts, with the storms of fac-
tioii? Here is a diflii ully full of dan-
ger to the permanency of our ii:stitu
tioiis; a'!d, if the matter be not greatlv
inisiudjed, tiic period of time that shall
change our form of government, will
be marked with the blood of conteidir.g
parties; who, if they each be asked
whether a better form of goverr>ment
could be devised tiiaa ihe one they are
overturning, would eacii prompilv an- [
swiT, no; and yet would each sacrifice '
their country in the co'test, rather ;
than lose a paltry triumph to them- j
selves. This sort of spirit exists in I
embryo now. It will grow with our |
growth, and strengthen with our I
strength, U!itil its full maturity of gesta-
tion shall invite some future JACK-|
SON to perform the office of its birth,
a."d christen it with the cognomen of I
MILITARY DESPOTISM. We may '
no: live to see that day, bi^t it may

rOME. f'l.

TTTE PVREANT AT NEW ORLEANS.

There is one historical fact of unde-
niable correctness, which ought strong-
ly to arrest the attention of e^ery con-
siderate American. England is the
O' ly country in which any thins like
liberty and security lia^ been perma-
nently maintained through her whole
national existence as detailed, in au-
tbe':tic historv. I-i English liistorj' we
have pf» instanw oftiie nation, or any

respecta!>Ic portion of it, abandoni"g
themselves to the idolatrous worship of
a si; gle man. No political pageai.l.or
religious Jug^cnaut !.as been set up
in lliat country for u:.iversal ailoralio;i,
in the person of a mortal man. Her
Alfreds and Williams, her Edwards
and Henrys, her Elizabeth, Charh ^es
and Gi'orgcs, have had their paras'U'S
and pulfers. But the nation recOcj' i-
zed no one of them as an object of ;>.'i-
oration. Nor did the Hampdens a d
Sidneys, t!ie Fairfaxes, or the Crom-
wells of the Commonwealth, receive
from the people the adulation, too com-
monly bestowed upon men in power
or professed supporters of the public
gopd. Ergli~hmen have in all aues
l)iefen bigoted, factious and vindictive,
hut never the suppliant idolizers of
men no better than themselves.

When we turn to the historv of other
countries, we find that ma:'.-vvorsi>p
has been a very common idolatry: a. d
we find too, that subservience to men,
and the prostration of put-lie lioerty
iiave, in most cases, bee^' coixurre-.it
events. I speakofgeteral results, a d
do not mean to specify particulars. —
Whoever has read historv, Itnow:. tJ:at
from Alexander of Macedoii, to Boi'.a-
part(' of C'or>ica. successful military
ciiieftaius have bee;: deified, by their
countrymen, the military ci'ieflaii s of
! England alone excepted; and Englav.d
alone has preserved even the semblaicc
loflibert\. This fact speaks volumes
I of instruction and of rcl)uke to the A-
merican people.

I The recent events at New Orleans,
'.associated as they are witli surrou d-
; iiig circumstances, cannot be regarded
j with too much attention. All that -er-
viie svcophaiicy a'.'.d impudent impiety
' dare attempt to confer honor upo;i a
frail mortal was there attempted. Tite
I whole scene is calculated to create a
1 loathing disgust, in an upright and iit-
! dependent mind. Tite following arti-
cle, copied from the New OrIea:'= Ar-
gus of the third of January, pair;t> in
strong colours, f l;e follies that were ex-
, pected to take place.
I "No custom has longer received ihc
sanction ol"mai>kind, than that of ceb'-
' hrotinc witi: m^I nr ri'es. parable-- and
Ifeslivit&s, those da)9 that have been

t*

TIIE PAGELiVT AT NEW ORLEANS.

rendered meinoraMe by the occurrence
of great and important events. The
advent of the Redeemer is thus com-
memorated throughout chrib eudom.
The hirih of great ai.d distiniruifhed
mjii, the achievement of victorio*. and
the elfeciuation of grt-at political ac-
complishme t;, are e^ery wlicre ac-
claimed by punlic Cflebration, to con-
tinue tlip impress^ion of their import-
ance upon tiie mind* of the p'-ople.
Who does not feel the fervor ofpat riot-
ism upon t'le a:iniver!-ary of our inde-
pendence? Who does not feel gratitude
to the great disposer of events upon
the birtb d:iy of \Va<liington? And
whit patriot is not proud of the achieve-
mi-iit performed on tlie 8th of January,
l.al5? These ceh-hraiions arou-e the
best feelings of our nature, and i^t-ep
alive the love of our cou.trv and its
happv in-litutions. How baneful and
degrading it is, that these sacred oc-
casions sliould ever be prostituted to
Ui ' allowed purposes. Ir'Sfead of ol'-
fe g up tlia'.ks to Almighty God for
the greatest boon the world ever rc-
ceiv. J, the day, on which the Saviour
appeared, has been too often devoted
to wic'-:cd and unrighteous pur-uit*;
and the jubilee of our national inde-
peiidenc- has oftesi been spent ia riot
. and di--i'ation. But the approaching
8thof Ja.iu:iry, will he the first instance
of the sacrilegions violatio.: of a day
coiisecriicd to our counlry's glorv, to
the purpose of promoting the poliHcal
views of a man who has no quaiilica-
tions for tlie ofli^ e he seeks, and is oilv
impelled to the aspiration bv the vanitv
of hi- military renown, aid tficur^ings
of a faction, that liope< to profit bv his
gratitude il he succeeds, or to tcakc ad-
varitage ofiiisii;capacity tobring them-
selves i'lto notoriety.

"T'-^sc"-igns( f the times'' arc omin-
ous of evil, and dcgiadii.g to the moral
sense of our co mtrvmi^i. Far better
would it be, to Icl the day pass without
obsr;r\ance,ihan toha>e it thus abused.
The roar of cannon, the ringing of bells,
the shouts of a multitude, tlie strains of
music, and all the poinj) and circum-
stance th it can bo <;ot up. are intended
to e\ dt in public opi'iion a man, who
stanN CO- demned lief>re the world, as
».vioiater of tiie coustituiion and laws

, of our country — whose hand is stained
I with the lood of his fellow cit;ztns,
I slain in premeditated malice and cold-
j ncss of heart — who delights in blood
land carnage'. — who ha* outraged the
j best laws of social order and whose
lips have habitually uttered the most
hideous profanitier — who, to repress
! the rising prospects of hi- rivals, has as-
serted the most calumnious falsehoods,
and sealed them with an oath swora
by the God of Heaven ai'd Earth.

"The puppet of a faction he is to be-
made '•to tiglit his battles o'er again,"
and like the u^ly idol of Juggernaut is to
lie iield up for the adoration of slaves
and children, fools and denwgogues.

"All this absurdity would only be
worth V of contempt and ridicule, were
not the sacred rites of religion to be in-
fringed upon! It might have beea
hoped that these would not have been
put in requisition upon this most unhal-
lowed occasion. I3ut the *Hero" is to
be conducted into the temple, dedica-
ted to the living God. surrounded by the
admirers of Voltaire and Tom Pnine,
and thrre the most venerable prelate of
ourland is to congratulate him upon his
hop.ors, and rail down blessings frorr».
the sides upo;i a man who holds reli
gion in contempt, -id audacioaslv pro-
fanes the nnmc of God ! y invoking it
I for the most wicked purposes'. Tiic
, venerable Fa'jier, v.ho. bendiug u-der
j the weight of eighty years is to be diag-
iged forth O'.i this ocrasio'".- has the
w-armest aftV-tions of our population;
I and how ji.iinful w Ml il be to see. (possi-
, biy) tlie la^t clei ic^i act of his life, ron-
trilnitiiig to the fulsome purpose of oiler-
ling inceise to a njan ''Utanointed and
unannealed" by any redeemir.g act,
feeling or sertimcnt, from along life ol
vioieiice and profligacy!!!

"After all this mummery, this modest
and unassuming; repuidican will return
to his Hermitage, stuffed to bursting
with ttie '-vanity of vanities," and then
claim tlie suffrages of the people of the
United States for the highest office in
their gift."'

1 have not ret seen a detail of all
the particulars: but I have seen enough
to satilymc.that it was.in truth a pageant
for '^staves on/i childrni. fvnh ami dnna-

A pageant in which dcraa

tilep.i<:e.4.nt at new-orleans.

w

gogues were the principal actors,slavcs,
children and fools llic mal'Tials wil'
which it was intended to produce an
iinjwsi' g ctTect. In the eyes of m-jn
of undor?taiiJiiig it was a complete fail-
ure. But upon those it was never ex-
pected to operate. If it produced e(-
tecl upon the minds of imbecility and
ignorance, it lias answered every pur-
po.--e contemplated hy its authors.

Some twelve niont'is ago, one of your
Taclv.-onian under workers, whom I do
not remember, proposed to the Legisla-
ture of Louijiana, to invite Gen. Jack-
son to join in the celehration of the 8tli
of January, at New-Orleans, in I8'28.
No man could >"i?iake the oiiject, but
that truckling spirit, whicti, in all ages.

oftlic hero, give him eclat, and strength-
en his pretensions to distinction in tue
public mind. Gen. Jackson well knew
surh was the object, aiid contemplated
result. AVhen lie accepted the invita-
tion with this knowle<lge, he became a
participater in all its meanness and in
all its deception and baseness. He
made himself tnc chief pageant in a
show, the whole protit of which was
to redound to his own advantnge. In
doing so. he evidenced a sentiment
no more elevated, not one whit more
honourable than that of Col. Pluck,
who exhibited his own person, in ridicu-
lous military decoratioiiS, for a given
sum of money to each visitor.

Where is the diflcrei ce in principle?

has sought to compromise with a mis- Col. Pluck is a tool riatural, and with-

•chief it was unwilling to encounter, bo-
cause addressed to (-.("[lular prejudice,
assented to the proposition. The invi-
tation was given, as if from the whole
peojle, to a public character, upon ac-

out any natural feeling of decent pride
or intelligence. Mischievous wags
play upon his credulity and puffhini up
with the most absurd notions of his own
importance. Thus played upon he is

couiit of his past services, and without brought out for the amusement of all

reference to passing events. All parties
knew the t nth was otherwise. The
object was palpably to produce effect
for present purposes, not to consceraic
good feelings upon account of deeds by-
gene. Yet the invitation was given,
and accepted upon apparently total!}
differe'it groui'ds.
In this course of proceeding, there w as

concerned, to make sport for those who
despi-e him. To stamp his folly with a
mark peculiar Sz iiidelible,he is exhibit-
ed for pay. Gen. J. if not a deliberate
participatorin ihe fraud must he an idiot
politic:il. Interested demagogues have
discovered his political imbecihty, and
have conceived that they can turn him to
account,in subserving thelrown purpos-

a fraud and meanness, on the part of es. As in the case of Col. Pluck, they

those who gave the invitation and him
•who accepted it, that cannot be too
much reprobated. There is aii oifenoe
againstmunicipal law, in mattersof pro-
perty, called deceiving by false pre-
tenses. It is punished as infimous, and
is seldom conmiittcd but by black-leg

deck him out with fancied virtues and
talents, all of v.hich he puts on, as did
Col. Pluck his military spurs and epau-
letts. The coarseness of his percep-
tion and the voracity of his appetite, in
mattersof self applause, are drawn out
md practised upon, until it is discover-

pretenders to character. The common ed that theGeneral.like Col. Pluck, can

thief is more despised, but is not geiier
ally esteemed so detestable as the per
petratorof this otlence. The political
practice of false pretences should be
held in equal detestation.

Theinvitation to this pageant, affected
to be given and accepted as a matter of

jie made exhibit himself as a show,
as a pageant, an automaton chess
player, or any other automaton, for the
protit of himself and those who use him.
This being ascertained, the General is
brought to New-Orleans as a show. —
Where the whole scene is not unlike

general national feeling and sentiment, i that, in which Vulcan convened all the
■was, in reality, both given and accepted Gods to witness his own dishonor, in
for the purpose of working pol tical ef- the person of his wifecuriouslymeshed.
feet. It was a contemptible and fraud- in the arms of a paramour, of which it
ulent trick, which it was calculated is said:
■wowld operate on the timid and the ! ,, r , j ■, •,; . ,, ,• j j ,

' , ,. , ., . , :'■'■ F.arh deittiviUi laxigkUr tired, dtnarh:

'■a n and thus enlist them m the cause l» Bvtali sminudiat I'uicn fn t/ictt hiaris"

16

THE PAWEANT AT >-EW-ORI.EA>S»'.

geaiit lia.- bce:i characterised ;>\ eil'ort
to produce efffct. The manager* ks.ow
well cnouiili thit in all that co reriis
inti-ilectual excellence, General Jack-
son is l)op»'l(.>-l_v deficie:.!. They kmsw
also there is little o;' moral heautv iii his
character. Con'ei)iiei tly he is not a
man to gain upon liie understand! as
or kindly social feeli. gs ol'men. His
way raa>t l)o made good b\ recomine."-
dations ahogciher extrinsic o!' hims.-lf.
Hence it is : ecessarv lo dccoraic !.im
like a show bullock drive:, through the
streets of a city previous to his slaught-
er. This is a com mi i! device of a
butcher who wishes io ^-ell !iis beef at
an u common higli price. Her.ddres-
«es the eye. not tlie palate of the gour-

The childu'P, -laves, and fools were

no 'Joul)t d-lig'itcd and astonished. —

T'>o master spirits could not bu'. laugli,

ai Ge ■<ral .1 ickso'i, thus played otf like

a p.i ..'a'lt of straw, to liis ow.! disgrace,

a d ior his own political advancemi;;.t.

No alleniative remains ro him; "«»/

c/i/irimulgus aiUfautor.'''' He is t!ie par-

tiza 1 or the instrument, tlie hero orthe

Co! Pluck of the exhibition.

S.iicerily is a cardinal virtue, from

w'iicli no man can depart without jeo-

pardizi-g his own m 'rah. Whatever

is '0 'ransacted, as lo convince consid-
erate men, that it is founded in false and

heartl,-RS professio'is.generates a feern:^

o! distru-^t and a sentiment of di-gust

a d contempt towards all coiiciri'cd.

Tiie attempt tocoMner' personal adula-jmand, inwhichcase mere var.itv. m:.kes
tion to General Jackson with national ; many purchasers. SoGeii. J. ispresti.t-
festivitv: mere party advancement ed to the eyes tif "he people. trick<'d cut
witii national ulory; to create efTect in ir. gaudy habiliments. A 'd, lest i is
favor of a man u: der cov^r of maifest- should rot bee.ough, he is-urroii' ded
ii;g patriotic fceliigs. is an ofTeiicc witli all conceivable aid practica'. ic

circumstances that mav ?erve' lo excl'.e
the pride of life, and lusts of visio;>. by
ostrich, cannot but fei-I that the pro- which men are deceived. Nothi ij
ceedi::g is, in some degree, disgraceful, need be more humiliating than a move-
Andeachle'idaha;.dioconsummatetne ment like th's, w!ien krown lo be 'he.
follv which he hop''s others do not per- mere eirort of party mammerv. No
ceive as di>iinclly as himself. It is ma'i has been made more ridiculous
true men deceive themselves oftner than General Ja Lson, i)v i>xhibiiio;,s
than thcv deceive other-; ; yet they are iof 'h'schariiet- r. No one has ever been
not always deceived, when tiiey appear! pla\ed olfso frequently and so palpably
to be so. Hence we frequently fii.'d , for political etrect alone, as this same
persons exceedingly testy, upon occa- liero, wiio for his very gullibility in sul)-
sio s, when they feel that the foll\ of miitiiig to lie thus u^ed, might i' xur
tii"ir conduct is scarcely compatible the im[)utation of an egregious block-
witii ih(;ir cliaracter for unders;anding. ,liead.

Their good sense ti Us t'lem tliat what I It is now something more than I'om
they are about stamps fool or knave years, since he was first brought out.

against all propriety. F.ven those con-
cen:ed,yyho have as mucli brains as an

upon their foreheads: and they are en
raged tliat any one should presume lo
read it there.

Those concerned in getting up a ri-
dicalnus pageant and actiiiga conspic-
uous part in it, are ever ready in their
hearts, lo doubt tlie sincerity and ques
tion the motives of others. Their own
hearts tell them, that much, that pro
duces public regiird, is but a trick.
piTulised on the senses of those who
do ot care I" lliiiik. Thcv make their
0^^ n conduct the sta d ird of their
judgment and consequ(>iilly pronounce
cond'-ninalioii.

During the last Presidential canvass,
the east had their candidate, the .-ouik
their candidate, and the west LMeii
candidate for t!iat high ofhio. General
Jackson yvas got up, a sort of South-
western candidate. It is asserted up-
on apparent good authority, that the
friends of the Mastcrn candidate set
him up, to break doyvn the candidate
of the South, and this wears a goodly
face of pidbabilily. But far (Vom ins-
pecting the maiKiuvre, the Gen. per-
>uaded him>elf that his pretensions
yvere of the first grade, and thought of
Mottling less tlian being made a mere
Rvcry step of this Neyv Orleans pa- 1 man of «-traw. The conceit that he

fWE PACKANT AT NEW-OU LEANS?.

lY

was ilocmed fi( for President, infused i
a belief into iii^ miiid. that he was a
statesman ai'd jioliiic iaii Full of tiiis
notioi', he lugaii to look wisely and talk ;
ohscureh ; and tinally took a stalion in j
the councils of the nation, as Senalor |
from Tennessee. When he proceeded
to Washincrton. the scheme of jjlaying
liini olF to make a division in favor of
tlic Eastern candidate, was prosecuted
with iiicrcased activity, \Ve all re-
■lember the party given hy iVIrs. Adams,
on the eighth of Jantiary, 1824, iri
honor of Gc.i. Jackson. Tlie Hero did
not take up the distalf. as he of old, to
cultivate a tender passion. But a mis-
guid.'d ambition made liiTii the pageant
of a !adv"s tete. for belles and beaux to
wovder at: and whilst he attracted at-
ter.tion, like the newest rarit\ in a mu-
seum, he was tuiconscious th:u even
tlien, he was showed off for political
affect. I

The friends of the Southern candi- |
datt^ perceiving that the (jieneral was
likeh lo be a useful puppet for those :
of the Eastern one, determined to work j
with hmi also. Tiiey plied him with
presents and praises, whicii were re-
ceived with equal relish. And the I
General was acrually vvorkea up into a
kind of universal iiero. Tlic •' adini- i
rrihie Cnihlon" was riothiiig to him. j
Ladies and dancing-masters, gour-j
inands and anticjuarians made court!
to him, until the general imagined ;
himself, not merely a Iuto and states-'
man, but an Adonis, connoiseur and \ ir- 1
tuoso. Tents, pistols and jc-wcls, cards
and compliments, almost overwhelmed
him. The puffers and donors regard- '
od liim as one, from whose political
prelC'isions nothing was to be appre-
h'^nded ; whilst he, poor man. attributed
all the honors and atteiitions bestowed
upon him, U) the irresistible attractions
of his own perfections. It was amusing
enough to see the south and the cast
blowing up Gen. Jackson, as. they sup-
jjosed, boys blow bul)i)les in a tul) of
soap suds, which the\ can cxtinguisti
again by touching. And see them final-
ly intlate him to such a pilch as actually
to press him befort both their own can-
didate«,and sivehima character, which
re.'dered 'iin ' dnng'-ious rival to both.
This rcsnlt disclosed (he bllo^ancv

of the General aiid his peculiar fitness
for a poliliral pageant: and, since the
election of Mr. Adams, he has been
dcxtcrou-ly used to turn the tallies
upon those who (irst pulT'd him into
notice. In 1 828, Mrs. Adams would feel
no disposition to make the 8th of Ja-
nuary a gala day, in honor of Gen. Jack-
son. Page mt as he is, he is now iu
other hands. He is used as he was in
1824, for tlie same purpose, but by dif-
rent managers. The pi'escnt pageant
at New Orlca: s, is but a new and en-
larged and embellished edition of the
pageant at Washington, in 1824. How
far this foUv and extravagance can be
yet extended, and how long the Gene-
ral may l)e preserved for sinnlar exhi-
bitions, are matters for curious sjiecu-
lation. It may be that four years hence,
other hands may play hiiti off, to the
great annoyance of his present mana-
gers. Van Buren mav put iiim at Cal-
houn, or Car.uuiM at Clinton. So long
as lie lives, tliose who wish to delude
the people with a pageant, will soTnc
of them make Gen. Jackson the princi-
pal puppet.

AVe learn that the late exhibition has
produced no effect favorable to the
chieftain or his cause. It degenerated
into the grovelling rancour of party,
and was as remarkable for virulence of
1 sentiment as the dining party at Wash-
' it:gton. The Geneial, we understand,
; had rot been well instructed in his va-
' rious parts. His speeches were so
I written that he read tliem with ditii-
Cnllv, arid once or twice commenced
the wro g one. The show in the Legis-
; lature, the church and the theatre, was
' not of the talents and character and
[ property of the country. — but rather
{ of ^^ slaves nml cliihlren, fnnis and dimu-
' p^o^ursj''' There was a parade of gun-
i boats, and a roar of cannon, and a
crowd of such as attend a crim. con.
trial or an execution. Such as. threw
up their greasy nig!it-caps and shouted
when Ca<sar refused the crown. And
the General dined, and dra!d< toasts,
and thumped the tablc^, and huzzaed,
for our noble selves, witli as much glee
as anv of the company. And modestly
esteemed himself the great desidera-
tum of all, u; disUirbed by a si'gle sus-
picion that all was got up. and hitnself

■w

THE PAGEANT AT NFm-ORLEANS.

exhibited, not for his own sake, but to > Tiie delegates from New-York,
^'■prit down the present adminhtrUwn,lho'\thrijn^h Mr. Hamilion, dohvered a
pure lis the angels that minister in hinxen.''' \ speccli. It m:i» cotniiig behind others
Every thing appears well on paper, for fulsome tlatlery aiid bold assertion.
Speeches upon speeches were made at . Let one specimen sutfice.
the General, and replied (o bv him.: "In discharge ui ihe immt-rous and bif^hly
His replies, more than anv tiling else, ' i'"P"f'a"« civ.) trusts to winch ^ou (,»«■ be.n

mc> iv.^. .. , .. iv- _ J, ' j c;illed Ir.m a MTV f:arl\ period uf '-.iir n:iti..i)al

expose the true character Ot the pa- ! e^,,tericp almost'to ihe prescm d:..,, .you hare
geant. No m.m can suppose that thev! luviinaoly muced talents, prudinci- and Ill-
were prepared by the General hiuiseli. i «*snt), alik. hoLorabu-to jour*t;l.-..na condu-

_,,■,', •' . /• .1 u i cive t'l the i.uIjIic welfare. '

The style betrays them, for t he v bear .1 . .. . .. r \i „ ) ,

^, . •' r k 1 , I . -„^ Alas! that the sou of Alexander

the mipress ol a scholai, arid a prac-l.. ., , 1 . 1 1 ». ■ 1

.. , ' .. ,.-, ' f„ ' . I Hann ton sioulu Hod this language to

lised writer. \Vlien a great m;in sub-i i 1 11 00

mits to have speeches put in his mouth, ^'"''"cw Jackson..

we can be at no Joss to estimate his

.Mr. Hamilton presented the Gene-
ral •' in tlie name of the cor|>oration of
the city of Ne«-Vork, with a m. dal,
struck in commemoration of the corn-

true character.

The add re jses to the General.abound

in the most extravagant hyperbole. ,- .1 i- ■ r> 1 i

,r>u c u • . t f „ . I P etion ol the Lne Laual, ana a copy

The following extract from one, ma> ' ' ai r- 1 1 • ,u n t

" J c^\ ■ ^ „i ol Mr. Colden s memoir on the Canals
serve to give some idea ol tlieir general I \- 1 •■ -p^, r- 1 1

■ ^ '^ " iol New-iork. The ucneral wa? al-

character: . 1 1 1 1 *i i\ ,. ■

most overwhelmed bv the •• Haltering
"The Legislators of our country have sus- 1 , . •) ,- .1 " < j .1

peiided their, leliberation=-tl.e multitude cover, dlstllXl ions ol ti.tt present, ai.d thc

the banks of this gnat river — the temples are) supersidded Compliments and COiigra-

opened— theincenseburn9,ascen.linetoheaven,iiy|;,t[Qjjs of the "Republicans of the
tosrether with the blessine? of a eratelul people! j . , » rxi \T 1. •' 11;,

<jSs happy conqueror, go! and^hear the voice! City ^'"^ '^O""^)' "".^ New-lork. HlS

of mothers greeting the hero who brought them managers make him reply thus:

back their -ons— Gol .ind hear the cheering' „, ^^ ,,g,^j, ^„^,, coMPENSATtD /jr my
of the wives and daughters Irom wl om voii I ,^„.,,.„ j,p„jip,„pn^ ;,. being all.iwed I., accept
averted the insults of a lawless Suldiery. Ixo . ,^p toV.,\n vou present, of the ap).robation of so
and meet the kind, the rapturous welcome ol „^^„„o,,^ a„j patriotic a portion . f my fellow
the new generation — the children born since ctj^puj."

1815, the future men of Louisiana, await also 1 ,,., ' ,, . , .,.. , ■,»., . /.

the deliverer of their fathers— thc Chieftain who 1 VV hat blessed humility! What unat-
alrendy lives in history, Uu chieftain equal to the | fected modesi V ! '• Mure than compensa-
herot,ofanrU7aday,y , ,^,y ., r^^^^ j,"^^ ,,j^jjp^, ^^^.^^ j^^ Qg,jg.

Those who could make, or receive ral nothing. He has subscrii)ed a re-
such an offering as this, might well play coipt i'l lull! What further claims can
their part in a jiagcant at Ispahan. 1 he have upon t!ie Presidency? How
They evince a taste for other habits' can so motlest a man continue his aspi-
than those of plain republicans; other j rations for an office to which he has no
governments than one founded in 'claims — for which he has no qualifica-
Cfinality. and resting upon thc suprc-tion?
macy of law. I We see no account of a speech from

Tiiroughout thc speeches and replies 'the Pennsylvania, Oliio, Kctucky, or
the General's violations of law, at New- Mississippi delegations. Tlieir names

Orleans, are studiou-ly misrepresented,
and most unc|ualitiedly vindicated

arc not even mentioned, though their
position, at the Natchez dinner, is no-

Pursuing the false impression made ticcd bv an anonymous puffer, who

Upon the |)ul)lic mind, from the first.

thev are asserted to have taken place

while the danger was imminent, and

the nocessily imperious. This ijene-

rality of assertion serves to protect those

who make it, from detection abroad,

except amongst such as have made

themselves actjuaintcd «ith the facts.

Its true character could not but Ik-

known to many who had heard it made.

hopes the public may be gratified
with the "courteous toasts" of " the
vflermi Piatt and the accomplished
WnlkcrP

Some queer things took place in the
cathedral. " A discourse prepared by
the reverend father Antonio de Se-
dilla," a vcrv aged father of the Catho-
lic church, wa.s delivered by a young
clcigyman. A reply was delivered by

THE PAGIEJILNT AT NEW-ORtEANS.

If

General Jacki^O;., but we are not in-
formed by whom il was "prrparctl."' It
eoiitains, liowever, tlie Ibllowiug pas-
sage i

"To your pioii!! labours in thi? commuuity,
tlol ;ittribiitriiiai;ri.itilegree,tlirit di liverance
from tlic iiiva('ing I'of, which crowned the v;i-

adoration. No common mind conceiv-
ed this daring. It is not merely con-
verting a cliurch into a political arena,
or into anamphillicatre Ibi the exhibi-
tioii of poliiical gladiators. It is per-
verting the very ottiees ol'religion them-
selves. Divine service was performed,

lor ol'mv comrades on thi day ol which thi> i? ] ,. . ,. . . , , -.. .
thean^hcrsary; for a mora; and relijrious Hfe ; a divine blcSSing invoked, a divine ben-

is a constant appeal to the lav r of heaven, auii edklion dispeil'^ed. And carnal pride,
j« a sure guarantee of faithful and heroic patno- ;,„(1 „oildly ambition and political ran-

*'■■"■' j cor were the predominant sentiments

What a commentary upon the Gen- Uf the pretended xsorshippcrs! And
erals own life ! VVliat a precious speci- j holy men sanction such an abuse of ho-
ment o( complimentary nonsense! | |y oflices, and connnend the prodiirfte

The "pious lai)ours"' of father Sfdilla Uzza'iswho put forth their unhallov. -d.
in the "■community'' of New Orleans, hands, to touch holy things, and were
*Hn a gred degree" achieved the victory, not stricken dead',
wliicii "crowned the valor" of the Gen- The Ursiiline nuns too, -kctc intro-
eral and his comrades. It must then duced into this pageanl,all carnal, sen-
have been the "mora/ «w/rc/i'fi'W!W /(W sual and voluptuous as it was. That
of the New Orleans militia, which sc- these holy Virgins acted upon their own
cured '■Hhc favw o/" Aroifvi" upon the impulses is not to be believed. The
army of defence. Of course the Gen- trick is more gross than all the resf. —
eral himself, and the men of Kentucky The\, who are retired from the world,,
and Tennessee had no part or lot in the and its vanities and strifes, its enjoy-
niatter. Thev had not been benefiited ment- and delusions! they, voluntarilj
by father Sedillas '■'■pious labors^'' they ; mingle, in political disputes, to invoke
had no pretensions to "a moral and rcli- heaven's blessi:igs, upon one of (lie chief
gioiii lift,'^ could make no '-appeal to ' combatants, a profaie and relentless
the favor of heaven,'" and were without man! The thing is incredible! But
"guarantee ol faitiiful and heroic pat- they have been brought before the
riotisiiv'!!!!!! Such is the plain read- world in this character. And so in! ro-
ing of this sentence. It is absurd e- duced, the Ursuline nuns, have found
nough to have been manufactured by favorwiiere pure and undetiled religion
General Jackson himself— i)ut the style i could never hope to find it. In the
is not that of -'o mirror tu slimululc /o , Bachanalian orgies of a political feast:
future exerlioii."' at the Washington, 8(h of January

One of the most reprehensible parts ^ dinner, the Ursuline nuns were made
of this pageant is the attempt to make the subject of Volunteer toasts!! —
religion bear a share in it. There can ' There is impurity in the association. —

be no proper connection between re
ligious feeling, and a cause so unholy,
or an individual whose life has exhib-
ited such unmitigated profanity as that
of General Jackson. There is a daring,
in attempting the association, that c-
vinces the profligacy of the managers.
There is an unhallowed impiety in some
of the movements calculated to shock
and confound a truly religious mind — a
political Jugeernaut,a(tended by a rab-
ble of political enthu>aisls, and put in
motion by political demagogues, is to
be wheeled into the temple of the liv-
ing God; and there under the impious

To be applauded by such company
caimot but affix a stain,on vestal purity,
unless the applause be altogether gra-
tuitous. Have vestal nuns so con-
ducted, as to be in fit association,&, nat-
urally call forth approbation at a polit-
ical carousal? Then have they certain-
Iv forgotten their characters. For
light and darkness cannot be more op-
posed than the proper avocations of a
religious reclu5e,& apolitical bacehinalj
a timid, a virtuous female, and an impu-
dent, and presum|>luous political aspi-
rant. 1 doubt not, the simi)ncity of
these nuns was imposed upon, by some

Dretence of wor-hip, is to be made the! intriguing ecclesiastic; and the fact
spectacle of curiosity and an object of' shows the profligacy of the means u-.e<i

80

THE PAGEANT AT NEW ORLEANS JOHN 1VOOUS.

to give eclat to the pas;eant. Noth-
ing is too pure to be defiled, if there-
by the opi)<)=ition can further its great
objects. With them it is iiothitig to
(ic'unide the moral seti-^e of their fel-
low citizens, 1))' amu>i:ig tliem wit>i
shows and spectacle:, tor poliiiral pur-
poses. It is nothing to caknniiiate ilie
wise and the good— it is nothing to lav-
ish applause upon the undeserving: it
is nothing to palliate crime, to vindi-
cate "^eduction, adultery and homicide:
it is nothing to attempt elevarLig to
high otfice a weak and a wicked man,
a contemner of law, an indulger of his
own appetite, a follower of his own
will. — It is notliing to subvert princi-
ples, to de-ert connections, to abuse
religious otlices. and mi-lead religious
votaries. All this is notirnig, is v.-nial,
nay laudable, if it do but te id (o pro-
mote the great political end— o(" pros-
trating tiie present administration. —
Can that be right, in its<ll. which at-
tempts to <'lll-ct Us accomplishments t)y
means so irreconcileable with good
morals? I sb.ould answer nav. Lei
every good man .inswer for himself.

( i<> thus stated by a writer in the Keoluc^y

t "The dav on Mbicli Woods commilted the
|\)ffi-nce forwiiicli lie expiate: with t>is life, he
] WHS on guard Ttit oiEciT wlu co.iiiiiaiiiirJ
! the guaril, hail piriiiiltfil Woods .fter hU relifi
i to "o to hi-^ ti-nt and snutch a hasty bri-.ik ist.
. 'lis tuesj had unished, and left somi;thiiie r'.ir
i him in a skillet. Seat J on the ground by llu-
side of this skillet, he was cnj'iyiii!; an humble
mia't, nerhaos thinking ofhi? hume and the
friends he had left behind, when a in-tty, -elf-
iniportaiit assistant to a stalf oiTi^cr. passed
aloii;:, who ordered Woods to pick n > and car-
ry off some bones that lav scattered abujt ne ir
the place. "V.iods refused to comply wit. the
order, statin? that ne was on guard : — the Ml.cr
with an oath swore that he should do ii, and
also cursed him ror leavin;; his guard-lire.
Woods still refused, and rose to return to his
guard, savins liiat he obtained leave of his
ollicer for hi? absince. By this time the lialf-
ofTicer fairly swe'led with rngo, and itew to a jun
tliat was layini; in >lie mo^ith of a teiii, tociu-
pcl him to obey, or to take him prisoner; but
poor Woods, nuthin^' daunted, primed his tun,
and told the little ollicer or any one else, not to
approach him at their peril; and then dcliherr
atel\ walked to his guird, and surrendered him-
self pri-oner to the ollicer on duty.

Who, hut (Jen. Jackson, would have
; thought of pulling a militia man to death,
for a transaction like this? By the ivay
I Major Eaton says not a word of Harris
I and his C'lmraiies who weie sliol. He is
silent even about their desertion. — lie
I kiieiv it tvas a dark affair that could iicr!

JOII.V WOODS.

The case of this militia man. executed
under the direrlion of tien. Jackson, at
J'oitSlrothcrin 1813, is a curious inslance
of giving col'oi in the manner of telling a
story. Gen. Jackson's eulogist, .Maj. Ea-
ton,"tlius relates it:

"The execution of a private, (John Woods,)
who had been sentenced by a eoiirt-iiiarti.il, on
a charge of inutinv, produced at thi> time, ffreat
excitement, iind tiie most salutary elTects. That
inulinous spirit, which hi.d so frequently bro-
ken into the camp, and lor a while sii=peiulcd
all active operalioiis, reiiiaiin'd to be cheeked.
A lit occasion was iioiv at hand lo evince, thai
although militia when al their liiv-si.ies at
home, hoa~t an exemption from coiitroul, yet
in a field, tlioM- 1iis;h nolions were to be iibiin-
(loncd, and subordination observed. Painful as
it was to the feelings of the general, he viewed
it as a sacrifice e-*eiiti,il lo the preserra'ion of
•rood or.ler,nnd left the smtence of the court to |
hfiinllieled. The execution was productive ol
(he happiest cllVcts; order was produced, and;
that opiiiiiii, which had so Ion,- prevailed, that I
:i iiiiliti;i-iiiaii wa^ privdeged, and for no <.f-
fence liable to «iiircr death, was from that mo-
ment abandoned, Mild a stricter obedience than
had been practiced, afterwards cliaracteri/ed j
the army."

Maj. Eaton is careful to say nothing of
Wx" circnmstanceo of Woods'' oftencc. It

l>ear the light.

Fiom the .Marjilandcr.
GEN. J At' K SON.— The late election
cering trip of this personage to N-Orleans.
should, we think, disgust all men of proper
feeling. If the system of personal solicit-
ation which has been (iractiserl bv ramh-
dates for inferior ollices is to be extended to
that of the rreii.iciit there will be lui end
lo every thing like iii;:nity abotil llie situa-
tion, "riiat nolliingbut the selfish molivc
of lisbingfor the votes of Louisiana, could
have induced him to travel that far no one
will doubt imlecd nothing short of thai
could have prevailed on him. after the very
pointed neglect ol the legislature of that
state in It! 1 5, to accept their invit;itioii at
this late day. .^nd considering the Gener-
al"s aversion to overlooking suposed or real
injuries be is really presenting bimselt in
a very humiliating posture, lie must in-
deed consider his cause as desperate, when
I he stoops to such miserable artifices to cre-
ate an exiileinent in his Civour. liom'V-

er, the iiiipeiial C;esar wooed the peoph-

n the market place.

TiiUTM'^ ADVOC^ATE

AND

MO TIILY ANT5-J iCKSON EXPOSITOR.

CINCINNATI, OHIO, MARCH, 1828.

GENERAI. JACKSON'S

.cations were in every respect liis su-
periors. Thcv :;1! went tlirougli ;i
A pamphlet eii'aiied, "Truth is no [sfrles ot"hard.^lii[\s .-ind dilHcullies iiev-
Slander," piibli.slied at Natchez, i'.i i er exj>crienced by Gen. Jackson. Ycl
J827, and wrilton by Ci/;;/f;/;i Clemknt, flc are told lie is a second Washington,
lias been sent lo iis by liie jninter: we
make from it the lollowini; extract.

the se<'oiid Saviour of his countrv, &c.

He did his duly merely as a soldier

for liiis he has been amply rewarded.
To exalt him hii;her is fulsome anil
dirgiisting adulation.

Evlract.
, , , ,, r.i 1- 1 *i "Truth is miohtv, and shall pre-

he such by gentlen.cn of the highest I, ^,^., thu. Gen. JacLeu begins a let-
repu'.ilion m this city. What he hasjter to a gentleman in Baltimore, dated
said is ;.poken in a plain nngarnifched |4th of September, 18'2i;, wliich has
style, and comin<«, from a person whojhocn publi^l!ed in many of the news^
was an eve witness, is entitled to a ^o.ip<'-P^\'''
ber and Jandid examination. i _ ^Iter^such an introduction and ap.

in submitting- to the public this por-
tion of the pamphlet, it is proper to
-tate that Capt. Clement is a man of
integrity, and veracity, and !:no\vn (o

We know it is coiisidered by the
GeneraVs sychophantic admirers to be
Iiigh treason to doubt of Ins military
qualifications and capacity. Because
he won the battle of New Orleans, or
J-aiher because that battle ivai von, he
lias been compared to Washington and
set down beside the greatest military
heroes of the woild. History, how-
ever, will doliim ju.-tice in this respect

peal, it is but fair to conclude that the
General meant, not only to call in the
aid of truth, to refute charges injurious
to his character, but to cliailenge, thro'
trutli.an investigation of his morals, his
veracity, his public services, and what-
ever else might concern the ])ublic, in
order to enable it to form a just esti-
mate of his fitness and capacity to dis-
cliarge the duties of the olHcc for vrhich
he Is a candidate.

Whether the General intended to
invite this liberal application of the

A single successful engagement gives i '■"""' or no!, I think it iught to be eX'
no warrant for milifarv'skill. General I ^^"'^,'il ^^ 'j'^'' '" ^^^^'^'^P with every

Jackson can never justly be compared
with many of our military leaders. —
Brown, Scott, Miller, Harrison, Ripley
and several others, were, to .sriy liic
least of it his equals in the last war.

candidate for public f-ivoK I think it
is the duty of every American, who
takes an interest in the prosperity ot
his country, and in the wisdom and in-
tegrity of ' iis rulers, to set forth /acta
relative lo a candidate, as thev'com6

.,,„,,. , . under his own observation: or as he

Ri the Revolutionary war, leaving j^.^j. ' ^

Washington out of the ipiestion, who
should be compared to none of them.
Generals Greene, Lee, Hamilton,
Gates, Marion, and others were supe-
vior to him. For impetuosity and rash-
ness, Allen, Putnam, Wayne, and Mor-

as conclusive reason to believe they
id transpire. Upon this principle J
shall proceed to make a few remarks
on what occurred at Nev»- Cleans. ai«3
its environs, during the time that the
General was in command there; and
in order to be explicit, or as much so
as my scope of mind will enable mo to

^n. hesiitos eombining eth'^r qualjli-'be. 1 "h-iH have j^mejimps Cperiwps

l.>V<rl--K%l. JA«>hS«tNN MILITARY PRFTKNSIONS.

jthe manner in which I was engaged
duri'ig the time; which, by ^ome, will
no (loul)t be thought cgotislick, and a
•Jti^iik of vanity.

On the 9tli of December, liciiig in
command of tlie 5icam-!)oat \ c-<avius,
vvliile lyiii^ to, at the bank of ilie Mis-
sissippi, a little below St. Francis river,
repairing some damage, and taking in
•Wood, 1 was pas«cd by Gen. Carrol's
brigade, embarked on board of flat
boai>, amounting, as I afterwards un-
derstood, to 2,900 or 3,000 men. The
next day I procedoil down tiie river,
pvcrtook and passed Gen, Carrol, and
either at this place, or somewhere be-
low, received his aid, Col. Havie, on
bojid, as passenger for Ni'w-Orleans.
():i titc evening of the l-2t!i 1 arrived
at Natchez, and on the following day
took onboard 120 recruits, belonging
either to the 7ih or 44lh regiment,
which of them I do not remember; I
Ihen proceeded to New-Orleans, On
the 15lh I made a stop at Baton-Uouge,
wliete in a group of persons, who
evinced a great deal of anxiety, I «as
told thai our gu"boats ne-;ir New-Or-
leans had been laken by the British;
thit the number of British troops upon
the coast W'as computed at 17,000, and
that they were fully of opinion that
liew-Orleruis would be cajttured be-
fore I could get there. I went on, and
arrived at New-Orleans the iv^xl day,
Nvhere I found great anxiety, and much
•drspomieiicy prevailed: and indeed the
appreiiensio'is of the citizens arc not
to be wondered a(, for llie British for-
ce.-, liiO amount (jf wliith was various-
ly e-limnled. hut by all exa^;gerated,
W'TC iiourly ex[)ectcd to land; and at
the lime, the only defence of' the place
cpnsisied of the town militia, amount-
ing to about a thousand men, with
parts, of the 7th and '14th regiments,
mostly raw recruits and a small num-
ber, probably 150, sailors and marines,
ii''dpr the command of Commodore
Patterson,

Here let il be particularly remark.

cd, I'lat there was at this time, and

had been for a month previous, within

three hundred miles of New -Orleans, a

'rcf under Gen. lackson's command,

'lilfciTcnt points, of more (ban four

inousaiid inen; one jodv ol wtiicn, ac
cording to Col. Russel's statement,
consisted of tlie '*2d, 3d, and 8th regi-
ments; none of them," he says, '• but
little more than half full, and some i.ot
that; detachments of the 24lh, witii a
(tiW companies of artillery, and the mi-
litia." In another part of his letter,
he .-ays, •'the militia were from Geor-
gia, Tennessee, and Mississippi, with
about six or seven hundred Cliickcsaw,
Choctaw, and Creek Indians." This
force was stationed at Mobile, and
from the above statement we may safe-
ly conclude that it amounted to, from
three to four thousand men; indeed I
understood at the time that the num-
ber was mucii greater than I have now
estimated it. The other body was Gen-
eral Coffee's brigade of mounted rifle-
men, containing 1.550 men, stationed
at Sandy-creek, a place more than 140
miles in the interior.

Again: let it be remembered, that il
was not until the morning of the 15th,
four days after it was known in New-
Orleans, that the British were on the
coast, and two days at'ter an attack up-
on, and destruction of one of the gun-
boats, that Gen. Jackson sent an ex-
press to Gen. CoflTee, ordering him to
march with haste to New-Orleans.

Now, I will ask any impartial man.
whether it is not strange and unac-
countable, that a place containing tb«
wealth, and being in every way as im-
portant as New-Orleans wa«, should
have been thus jeopardized ? Can Gen.
Jackson — can any man, give a plausi-
ble reason why more than three thou-
sand men, some of them the best troops
111 the United States' service, and Cfjual
to any in the world, sliould Ik- station-
ed at a place so insignificant as Mobile
iheii was, when New-Orleans (some ol
the ware-houses of which contained
more moveable wealth than the whole
town o{ Mobile, and all its dependen-
cies) was left destitute. F know that
Gen. Jackson's biographer, who b)
most impartial persons is considered as
the General's mouth-piece, or amanu-
ensis, has said that the General was
grea'ly concerned for the safety of Mo-
bile, and the settlements on the .Vlalia-
bama and Tombigbee rivers. But who
will yHow tliis to lie a snfljcient reason

GCN'EKAL JACKSOSi-^ ItJU-tlTARY PKKTE!VS10JiS.

A^

why three or four thousand troops j Mobile, and at Saiuly-creek,* in order

to pi-cvent iNcw Orleans lalling into the
hands of an invading eiiemy? Leave
the capital, the emporium defenceless,
in order to protect some of its depen-
di'nries, when it was known the capi-
tal, il not the entire, was the ullimato
ohject; ami wlien tli.it capital, left de-
A'liceless, was as assailaiile as any of
tliose dependencies — cover the liinbs
with mail, and leave tlie heart exposed.
How ahsiird, how nugatory such lears
andsuclianaiigenionts — a fear of tiieil-
landing ill the province of Texas, aiid
thence Kai'ihig command of ti)e Missis-
sippi, would have been much better
founded. Whoever will take tlio trou-
ble to look at a map, and observe the
bearing and distance of these different

should be allotted for its preservation,
and a place of a hundred times its value
li-'ft defenceless.

What would now Iiave been said of
Gen. Jackson's talents, had New-0
Teans havefillen in conseijuence of this
iniu(liciou> distribution of the forces un-
der liis command. And it was mere
accident ttiat it did not; for had the
British landed any day previous to the
evening of the 19th, there would have
been none to defend it, except the
town militia, in whose patriotism, it
has been argued, tlic General had no
confidence, and six or seven hundred
undisci|)Iined soldiers. iMorcover, the
General's biographer in defending him
against the ciiarge of having tyranni-

cally continued martia! law, after not a | pk'ices, will see that the idea suggested
shadow of necessity for such a measure , '•>' this biograplior, was almost as chi-
existed, defended hiin by alleging that merical as to iiave imagined tlic Brit-

the British were still upon the coast,
ar,d that a few hours might bring them
to t!ie shore. If he meant liiat in a
few hours they might land, and again
attack New Orleans, in their then dis-
ronifited and greatly reduced condition,
if was untrue. But when thev first ar-
rived upon the coast, thev might have
landed in a few days, almost without
opposition; for Jackson had neglect-
ed, strangely and culpably neglected,
to concentrate his forces to oppose
them.

As for Coffee's hrig.ade, it would
atem that Jackson had entirely forgot-
fen he had such a body of men at his
<7Dmmand; for it was not until the fifth
day after he knew the British squadron
was upon the coast, that he sent for
them. His biographer has indeed
made some remarks which may per-
haps have been intended as an excuse
ibr this egregious blunder, or neglect;
he says the Goncr.il apprehended that
the British might capture '^Mobile, the
left bank of the Mississippi be gained,
all communication with tlie western
states be cut off, and New-Orlean? be
Chus unavoidably reduced."

I cannot find language to convey m\
idea of the futility of such an appre-
hension, and ot' the means apparenth
taken to prevent the occurrci'ce. —
Wh^t, a general station his iorrc? at

oils had turned dragons, would take
v.insi and aliglit, not at New-Orleans,
but somewhere in the interior.

Some will excuse themselves from
passing judgment upon these proceed-
ings of Gen. Jackson, upon the ground
that they arc not military moe, and
tlie re fore cannot presume to judge oT
the propriety, or impropriet) , of mili-
tary operations; but every man knows
(hat to effect any purpose whatever, it
is necessary to have the means within
his reach, and that it is culpable remiss-
ness to omit colloctii'.g (hose means^
when they are attainable, and when
great disaster and molestiition, may cn'-
5ue from sucii neglect.

On the evening of the 18th, I receiv-
ed orders from Gen. Jackson to pro-
ceed up the rivi;r, with tlie stcam-boa(.
to meet Gen. Carrol, for the purpose
of taking as many of his men on board,
as the boat would contain, and ining-
ing them direct to New-Orleans. On
(he morning of the 19th, I met Uim.
about twenty miles above Ne>»-Or-
leans; he having by great and praise-
worthy exertions, retarded as he wa?
by wind and weather, di^-cended (he
river much further (h-'n could iiave
been expected. T!'C weather, when
I met him, having become fine he de-

'-innHy-ore'k rmpties into the Mi^aissjpp'i
twrnty.*V7n miles nbove Baton Rmi;c

M

GENKRVl, JACKSON'S .TMIiTAIiV I'ilETKShiOXS.

jcliiicd letting anv of his men leave the 1 tiiis hatt.-ilion, posted where it iiad
flat boat?, ami thalaflenioon ho landed l hcen. wmild have hccn in a roiidilion
with his command at Ncv.-Oileans. — | *oniev,!;at similar to tiic Dutch teii
The following; da^ Gen. Coiiio, by ex- [ raj>tair., who.'wiien lie i:ct upon a for
ertions and (hliguo sullkient lo pros-|Cign coast. i"ouii<l he had left his an-
tiate l)Olh man and beast, arrived at j chors at home. Now I w ill i:ol ["rofess
New-Orlcatis with twelve hundred ofi (o ..row much of iiifatitry esercis^e. or
hi-^ bri^jade. having marched over ex-' wlietliCr Gen. Jaclisoti is jusliy criisui-
cessively muddy roads, more (iian one , able for (his lack of prcpai-ation; bu^ 1
hundred and forty miles, in less than' liave seen officers, and 1 believe gencr-
threc days. al oincers, when reviewing (heir mei^

At tliis lime Uie American forces at! require each lo raise the cover oi his
Ncw-Or!eai!s, consisted of Carrol's bri- , cartridge-box, so as to enaltle tbo ofti-
gade, whicii I utidcrsfood at the timecerto sec whether it was fille! wilij
contained 2,900 men, but tlie wrilcr of ! cartridges or not: and further I knov,-
Jackson's life rates it at 2,500, there- j (Iiat Com. Barron was suspended Irurrt
fore, tliat mu'^t he considered liic nuni- 1 service, five years, for goii'g out of porl
ber; by the same writer Coflle's bri-i in the frigate Chesapeake, unprepared
gade IS rated a! no more than 1,200; | for action, during a time of peace,
the town milil'.a amounted to ai)i.u'. ^ when too, captain Gordon was on
1,000: tlic rcguliis of (he 7(h and'boaid, with the rr'i'aisite number o(
4'Ub, 700: the marines and sailors un- j lie;iunaiils.

derCom. Patterson, 160-, making a to- The GciiCral,in his Idler lo (he Set-
tal of 5,000 nici!. I re'.ary, giving an account of the actio.i

The knowledge tliat the British liadiofthc cvcningof the 2.3d, says, "I ar-
reacbed Uie bank of the Mississippi, at ; rived near (he enemy's encampmml
Villere's pliuitation, war conveyed to >about seven, and immediately made my
town at about 1 o'clock in the after- ' disposition for attack. His lorce;,
noon ofthn 23d. A( fn-:' it was gen- [antouiiling at liiat time on land to about,
rtraliy tiiought th.t; not more than a 1 three tlioiisand men, extended about
thousand men had latidcd at this point.; iialf a mile on that river, and in tiie
and that tliero Avould Ue a .^imiiltancou? i rear nearly to the wood. Gen. Coffee
attack from some oilier j.>oiiil. That ; was ordered to turn their right, while
this was (lie o])inion giiei; lo Gen. | willi Ihe residue of the force, 1 attacV-'

Jackson, and tliat he coincided willi it,
I am induced to lielievc from tlie cir-
cumstance of his taking no more than
2,1 C7 men with him to attack ii;r»(

ed hi'- stro'igcst position on the lel't,
neai- the river. Com. ratterson iiav-
ing dropped down (he river, in llu,-
schooner Caroline, was direc(ed to

Body of (he Bri(is!), and leaving the open a fire or. their camp; which In-
residue in the town and its precincts, ejcecutod about half alUT seven, (hi;

1 will here relate an incident v. hich | l>ci;^g the signal ofailack."
pcriiaps by some, may be liionglit wor-l Now let il lie rt marked, tliat Gcner-
thy of notice, and a malter from wliich I al Jack<)n, by ibis statement intended
an inferciicc may he drnwn. Major j (hat it should be iiiltrred that Conimo-
Plaurhe's battalion, of .-ibout 400 men,] dore I'atterron was under his command,
who had been encamped several days | This I can u'.V.csitatingly say is not
on the bayou St. John, and who had] true. Commodore i a(tei¥on, like all
now started logo with Gen. Jackson (o other na\al ofticers. would have dis-
the attack, were under (he necessity of dained to obey the orders of General
being halted, until a sujii'lv o( carl- j Jackson, or anv oth'^r Gener:il. Pat-
ridges coulrt be obtained fioni tiie forl;;terson would not have delivered a car-
the men not liiivingiii Ihcir cartridge-; trid^e of powder lo the order of Jack-
boxes more tluui from four (o seven j son; (his I know, whether (he General
cartridges each. IIkJ the British ap- knows il or not, and could iclalean oc-
proached New-Orleans liy (he wa\ oficurrence that goes lo prove it. but it is

lak;" Poncfi.irtrai!., the diicclic.:' lu ' unuece-sarv
vhii.ii (hey were cxjiecled lo approacli. '

(^aplain H-nlry, under Patterson,

(JENEitAL JACKSON* MILITAUY PREl'E^fSIO^S'.

6{*

commanded the Caroline tliat evening; j his fame, to be considered as the com-
a:ul Oil hoard the steam-boat in tom-lmander, not only of the soldiery, thu
pany wiili myself and several others, militia, .md the jndieiary, but of the

he rclalod the occurrences of the oven-
■inj; nearly as follows. l> jt let it be
jpremiscd, that at that time the river
was not more than a foot or eighteen
jntiics below the level of its banks;
and the bai;ka and coiuitry arc almost
as level as the water itself. '-'rhe
Biitish," s;iid Captain Henley, "were
encamped aleni; the hank of ih.e river,
and were standing and sitting, iii grou[)s
aromid the tires, cooking. I diopped
down, and came to anchor abreast of
them, about one hundred yards from
the shore. At lii-si the British appear-
ed to take us for a (rieiidi) vessel, for
several came to the walei's edge and
hailed, '•schooner ahoy, wliat have you
got to sell," I made no reply, but got
every thing snug. As soon as 1 had
got all ready, I fired a broadside of
grape and cannister shot among them,
and there never was a finer lime for
.Idlii'ig men. Immediately I heard the
orders of, "out tires ; l)ring tiie rockets."'
Some of the rockets they threw at us
without any effect; our fire on them
was as brisk as possible; they fled from
(h(; shore, and soon after that the firing
(intlie land commenced. Shortly after
lhi> 1 found the Americans were beyoiid
the British troops, and between them
aiKl the wood, and thoug'it tiiai my fire
would be as likely to kill (he Ameri-
cans as the Britisii, 1 therefore ceased
firing."

r think Captain Henley remarked,
that he thought liie hre of the Carolii;c,
killed and wounded as ntanv of the ene-
mv. as the whole of the land forces,
nnder General Jackson did; if he did
not make this remark, m.any otliers
were of th.at opinion ; and the account
of the action, given by a British ofKeer
whose hot k has been reviewed iii one
of tiie late numbers of tlie Edinburg
Review, confirms this opinion.

.lackson and Patterson had an agree-
ment, no doubt, a? naval and land offi-
cers ought to do, upon the manner of at-
tacking tiie enemy ; but I feel safe in
assertirg that Jackson no more com-
manded Patterson, than Patterson com-
manded him. The General appears
tp have thought, that it would add to

r.ava! lorces also.

The General, in many instance?,
shows his fi)ndness for telling a good
story; not a mere dull matter ol' fact
tale; but oise that has pilli and nerve'
in it. This disposition i-* evinced in
another part of his statement respect-
ing the events of tiie 2:3d. Of the New-
Orleans rifle company he says, "tliey
liaviiig penetrated into the midst ol'iho
enemy's camp, were snrrounded, and
fouglit their way out with the greatest
her;'isni; bringing with them a numbei
of prisoners.'' Now one of this company
was mv brother, and 1 am well satisfied
that neither he, nor any of the rest, in-
te!)tio!jally, penetrated into the midst
of tiie enemy's camp, armed as they
were with rifles and knives, although
there were as brave men in the com-
pany as any in the field. The facts of
this incident are nearly these. In the
darkness and general confusion that
prevailed, this comiiany got divided,
and separated into two nearly equal
parts; one part, twenty-five 1 think in
numlier, seeing a body of men standing,
took them to he Americans, and march-
ed up to tnem; when very close, some
of them cried out "iiuzza for Tennes-
see;'' t!ie British soldiers, tor such tiiey
proved to be.onlcrcii them to lay down
liicirarms: lliis they immediately obey-
ed, ai'.d surrendered, for resistance
would have been vain. The otlier
part of the company took a different
direction, and got to the main body of
the Americans,aiid on their way picked
up seveial stragglers ofthe enemy.

Perha])s no action which ever took
place in this country, has been more
misrepresented, ar.d whicli the people
of Ih.e United States are more in error
upon, than on this: no one can. or ever
could,! conclude.givc a true detailed ac-
count of it. I have seen many state-
ments in print respecting it. some of
v.liich were so iiidatcd and bombastic,
indeed so ridiculously falac, that 1 sup-
pose no man in his sober senses, would
for a moment believe them. Even
Gei;eral Jackson's statement is not to
he ielicd upoi ; 1 even think that when
ho mad" it he did not give it to the bcrf

M

GE.VRKAL JACKSON-'S MrLriAKV FRl:i ENSIONS.

of his information. From ail tlie infoi-[ flown and miery ground, in tlie wood-
mation wiiicii I havf l)pcn able to salli- This idea, Irom statements 1 tiiink to be
er, of tiie manner in wiiicli it proceed- relied upon, oiiginated witii, and tiie
ed, I i)elieve itcommejiced with very work was commenced by some of tlie
fittleconcert, and ended in total confu-: privates of the militia. The nesl
sion. "I arrived," says the General,! morning, pursuant to ordere from Gcn-
''near the enemy's encampment, ahout eral Jackson, a great number of spade?
seven, and imnndiately made uiy dis-i were collected in town, for the purpose
position for attack. His forces, a- j of e'ffectitig the uork. and it was con-
moiiritinf; at that time on land to about I secjuently executed, but in a very uu-
3,000, extended about half a mile on j skilful manner, which will be perceived
that river, and in the rear nearly to the I by a description of the manner in
wood. General Coffee was ordered to I which il was construc'ed. It will be
turn their right, while with the residue understood that the earth which had
of the force I attacked his strongest po- 1 l>cen thrown out of the canal, in diggii;g
sition, on the left near the river." lit. had raised a ridge upon its side.

This Il)elicve is correct as respects 'The object now was, to elevate thi?
Coffee's brigade; but Phiuche's baltal- ridge to the height of a man's head,
lion, owing to its detention, waiting fori To effect this object, earth was taken
cartridges, had not yet got up. In his i from the upper side, and thrown upon
advance he was met by an officer ofone the ridge; thus the level and smooth
of the regular regiments, and ordered 1 surface was broken, where the men had

to n'j)iiir to a certain point; b»it the
officer was evidently so much intoxica-
ted, that his orders were not obeyed.
and, as I have been informed, and be-
lieve, Plauchc took a different direc-
tion, and was fortunate in arriving at a
place just in tim" to meet, and to batlle
the riglit wiiigof the British; and pro-
babh, hv his uinxpcctrd appearance,

afterwards to stand. Tl>e surface wa^
taken off from six to ten imhes deep*
ar:d to the extent back from tiic breast
work, oflrom twenty to tbrty feet; thus
in many places making reservoirs for
rain water, which were soon converted
into slough- of mud. It will be judged
wtiethei-this rude piece of military en-
giiier.' did not greatly contribute to

impressed them with n;i idea that the ' the sickness which afterwards so extcn-
American force was niudi greater than j sively prevailed amongst the men. —
it really was. and thus prevented a total I Had a new ditch been formed, immedi-
route of our forces. The General ad- ately above the old one, of twelve or
mits there was some cont'nsion, and the fourteen feel wide, the earth from it
British officer who has written upon would have been sufficient to raise the
the subject, says it was total confusion, i desired breastwork: and thus an aJdi-
I presume he meant on both sides. | tional harrier would have been opposed

Towards morning, after a consulta-' while t'le defenders would have had a
tion of tlic officers. General Jackson smooth surface to stand upon, and a

concluded to fall back, ahout a mile
and a halt", toward town, and post him-
selfon the bank of ai\ old saw-mill race,
through which, wiien the river was
full, as it was al this tune, tlic water
ran in considerable quanlitv.nnd spread
in the swamp, or annually inuinlated
woodland, which every where borders
the Mississippi river. To this jilace
the Tennessee militia, or Caroll's brig-
ade, who had been left in and about
town, were colh-cted in the moniit'g.
During the day (the 24th) tlie idea be-
came general of erecting a breastwork
on the upper hank of this s,a\v-mill canal
to'o"Xlcnd from the vi^cr tn^he ovct-

much more healthy, and in every res
pect eligible sittiation; and all this,
with the men that were there, could
have been ellected in six hours.

The side;- of the breastwork, owing
to the adhesiveness of the earth, could
be formed almost as perpendicular as a
brick wall. This wall of earth, situated
immediately upon the bank of a ditch
nearlv hlled with mud and water, was
almost a p<rlcct security to the men be-
hind il.

While the breastwork was in pro-
gress, cannon were brought dowa iVoiTi
town, and were mounted alo g with
it ^<^d rnjbrasures formed. Thu's {Hf

GENERAL JACKSON'S MILITARY PRETENSIONS.

89

ttfied, the defenders had an immense jcould to render tliem fit for service,
;idv;inta^e over the assailants. The /Two of the eighteen pounders which
ejicmy could not advance upon it ii, 1 ranged down the road to the point
an_v direciion, but directly in front; whence the enemy must come, if he ad-
foratone end, the river rolled wide,ivancod upon the town, were in a shame-
deep, and rapid: at the other, trees, fui condition; they were both kxided,
mire, and wafer, prevented all access;' and fresh primed, with match-stocks
one tiMiusand men in the defence- were j and lighted matches standing by them;
e<]ual to four, if not five thousand in ma- they were mounted on ship carriages,
Ring an attack. with iron trucks, or wheels; the trucks

Jackson's hi'torian «ays, General of one of the guns !iad settled up to the
.lackson left Mobile on the !22d of No- axle-trees, through tlieplatlbrm, it being

rotton, on v.liieh the gun stood, the low-
er part of the gun, near the muzzle,
rested on the embrasure insucli a man-
ner as to give it an elevation of ten or
twelve degrees; or, in other words, to

vember, and went direct to New-Or-
feans, to prepare for the expected in-
vasion. That shortly after his arrival
fhere, he visited Fort St. Philip, situ-
ated seventy miles below New-Orleans.

That afterwards he visited the works point it so much in the air, that at the
j^'fortifications 1 presume he meant) upon I distance of fourteen feet from it, the ball
tlic lakes, in order to ascertain tlieir i would have passed over a man's head,
condition. In these visits of the Gen- The other of the two guns abovemen-
oral we may safely conclude he visited tioned, was in a somewhat similar con-
ll'ort St. Charles, mounting about four- | dition, though not so bad. These gun?
tten pieces of artillery, :<omc of them ofj I afterwards raised, and placed tempor
farge calibre, situated a few hundred; rary platforms, of new three Inch plank,
yards below the city, in order to ascer-| under them. Before this was donej
tain its condition, and the degree of pro- they could not be brought to bearupon
fcction it could afford. On this subject any object that stood upon the ground
1 will state a fact, which came under my at a greater distance than live yatdg
fiwn ol)servatio)!, from which tl'.e pub-' from them, and were of course entirely
fie, or tl-.osc who have any knowkdgel useless; and liad the enem> advanced
in the art of gunnery, may judge what! upon the town, firing them would have
degree of knowledge the general pos-j liad no other effect than that of making
sessed >ipoM the subject of artillery, and; a noise. Had Gen. Jackson been a^
to what extent the public service was- well skilled in the use and management
probably benefited by these visits. I of cannon as from all accounts he is i^i
Early on the morning succeeding the! the art of gaffing, trimming and pre-
cvciiing on which the British landed, I! paiing cocks for battle, he never coul4
took the crew of (he steam-hoat, went' have pn.ssed those guns, without seeing
down to the Fort St. Charles. a!id olfer-, they were in a condition that made it
ed my services to captain Humplirey,' impracticable to use them to any effect,
who had been in command of liie fort.! 1 have several times adverted to state-
He told mf lie had received orders, andj ments made by Jackson's biographer;
was then preparing to go down with: that in many instances they were made
his light artillery, to join General Jack-! k'*' ^'^^ Generars dictation is probable,
son; heref<-iied me to Major Nis, of: considering the relation in which they
the infantry, who from an accidental i stood to each other, but that they were
wound, was unable to join his regiment, j made by his uppr..hation, no one can
■jnd was in consequence placed in com- , doubt ; i caniiot refrain from referring
mand of the fort. The Major immedi- j lo another of tliaae statements. It is
atcly accepted of my proffered service,} written by this friend of the Generars,
and captain Humphrey then went with j that the vigilance in Jackson's tamp to
me round the fori, to shew me thecondi- i prevent ni;y siippiies. or intelligence, be-
tion of the guns. He made some re- |ing carried from New-Orleans to the
nuiiks explanatory of the reasons why j enemy, was so gfetit, that a log could
some of the guns were in tlieir ruinous j scarcely passdomi the river uuobserv-
-t.-rtc, and whslied me (e d<9 what I'ed; a? an eviH(*nc t he savs (.page .323.)

«a

GE-VERAL JACKSON'S amJTAIl\ PRirr£N'SlO.\&

»Two flat bottomed boats in a dark
night, were turned adrift above, to as-
■certaiuil" vigilanrc were pn-scrvcd. and
wi.etiier tiiere would be any chance of
passing safely to the Briti«ii liin??: the
light boats discovered them on their
passage, and on the alamj being given,
they were opened upon b\ the Louisi-
ana sloop. and the b.ilteries on tl>e shore ;
and in a few tainutos were >unk."' Wliat
9 notable expedient ; who but Gen.
Jackson would have fliought of one so
■excellent; who but him would have
•chought of tun.ing two flat boats adrift ,
at the same time, in order to ascenain ,
■whether in (>eamen"> phrase) his senti- i
nels were on tiie look out. Ttjose who
have not seen this ki:id of l»oais. ivill
from ade^triptior. of their form at-d di-
mensions, be able <o form some idea of
the sagacity of the exivdient. and the ,
argus eyed vigilance, wliicli it required
in the sentinels to discover them as '
they {lassed. Tiie tlat boats which ,
hr'ws produce from the upper country '
to New-Orlean-. are from fifty to scv- '
enty feet long, from twelve to eighteen ■
■feet wide, and from five to eight high, '
square bow and stem, planked up at
the sides, and roofed over, a man t!iat [
could not see oae of them, could '
scarcelv see a ship: spies and traitor?
have generally travelled in ?mallvr|
vehicles, and more clandcsUr.eh".

However well planned such a de-
¥ice might have been, there is one
strong objection to the story, thecir-,
eumstancc never took place as related
by the General's friend, at least no one
ever saw it but the Gener;'.!. ar.d he
only as he has seen and lieard ii«:iy .
other things — in imaginafi-yn or infir-
fncc. Something like it, however, did '
occur towijrds the last of the scige; — a ■
jlat boat, lliat had been in use at the
iter.m iKjat, was during a squall at '
ci?ht, blown adrift, a:id went down the
river: when she got abreast of. the,
'Cnmp, several shot were tired upon her,
and a skift' went ofl' a!id ascertained
that she was empty and unmanued ; but
although in the latter nan of tlic scige,
there was so much vis. ilancu kept, that
a flat boat, or perh-ips a keel I'.oat,
•ould not pass the ••ncampmcat in a
oloar night unnoticed, tliis was by no
m**ans tha rnsc. in th c early part of the

siege. I will give !ny reasons for thi--
assertiO'i; 1 have stated shat the dar
after the Briiisli la:;ded. I bad engaged
in fort St. CSiarles. I remaiiied in the
fort duri. g tiie night of the 24th, but
the weather bei:;g cold, and having !io
place in the fort but the floor to sleep
upon, and t'le steam boat being not fai
off. I afterwards !i>dged on board.

On I'.ie eve'iif.g of the i?7th, be-
tween 9 and 10 o'clock. Mr. Charles
Harrod, deputy i|>iarter master, ci'me
to me, and told me, that he had jast
received orders from heid quarters, to
send down immediately, a quantirv of
thick plank ;u'd scan Jings, which were
it) a saw inill yard, above town; that
he could hiiv no'jody. and there was
no way of getting it down, unless T
would, with the crew of the steam beat
take it down: of course I could not re-
fuse, or even hesitate. I received from
Mr. Harrod, written authority, to take
aiiy I'oat that I could find at the levee,
of suitable size; I soon found one.
manned her, a;^d went up, and got the
timber en bo.-ird, ai>d proceeded down
t!>e river; when from the distance f
had descended. Ihad as I supposed, ap^
proached near the American camp. !
sheared in to^vnrds the land, and kep!
along .ibout fiftv yards from tl>e shore,
expecting to be hailed bv i!-.e tir?t sen-
tinel that I came to, no? douliling but
at that time of night, it being between
one and two o'clock in the morriirg, &
vigilant watch would be kept; when
hailed, I intended, after satisfving the
sentinel who I was. to enquire where
the timber was to be landed: tiic night
was not dark, but there was a little
bank of log resting upon the margin of
the river; I soon heard men talking
upon the shore, and had no doubt, but
wlicn i got abreast of them. I should bo
hailed, a".d ordorod to give an account
of myself, but although making a noise
with the oars that might be lieanl a
mile. I pas-ed them without being no-
ticed: 1 began io thir;k of hailing the
siiore myself; but, thought I, what hail
a military tamp? I shall be considered
a real fmmpkin, I certainly shall be
liailed when I get low enough. I kept
on, under tSiis impression, passing sev-
eral sjroupcs of men witliout being no-
ticed, until not a voic.e was to be hear^

«E!(£RAL iACKSOS* MlhlTARY PRETE5W05*.

*»

»n either direction. I then cooclodrti The Bntish encampment was about a
it would be imprcdent to proceed far- mile and a half lower down the river:
ther withoai kwjwirig more of mj ^itu- thev had at IbU time no breastwork,
■ation: I mljcht 1 ihoudit. get down to bat relied solely upon their arms for
Hi':: British camp, in which case 1 liad ^-fetr, their bofiness, was to attack,
-not a doubt but 1 shoald be imittd to not to keep under caver and deiead
^re an account of my=elt 1 accord- ibcmielvei. In making the attack,
ingl V taracd the boat to the shore, and upon the Americans, they had to march
Jinding nobody upon the bank, was at up over a plain so level, that from the
first in do-jbt,' whether the men whom fir?t step in advance, thej were expo*-
/ had paM*tl were not loiterers, and ed to the American's caimon, and to
whether 1 had vet descended low the uninterrupted fire of the musketry
*:nough to reach the camp, but I re- and riflemeo. wiien they had arrived
solved to go back and enquire- 1 there-' near eooo^ for such aniK to take cf-
fore rowed up by the shore, and soon feet; when arrived at the ditch, ther
with a good deal of anger, discovered had it to wade before they could chaise
men about the breastwork: and did the Americans; its opposite bank to
not fail to taunt and reproach them for climb, and then to inoant the breast-
fheir seemir:g ignorance of duty. I work, both muddy, in doing which,
forthwith went to !iead quarters, to re- their hands would unavoidably become
port mvself, and related to the Geror- so besmeared with mad, that they
hI's volunteer aids^e-camp- this most could not use a musket or any other
unsoldierlike negligence of the senii- weapon to any eflect, and all this time
iieJs: or unmilitarv police of the camp, the Americans had noth'mg to do. bat
The people of the United States raise their beads above the breaitwort
have beard so much of the Hero of to point their guns down upon them.
New-Orieans, and of the glorious and dmot them — it is proper to remark
fjghth of January, so much esaggera- that the river bank, and after a ^wri
rion, and misstatement respecting it. distance from it, perhaps an hucdrcd
that thev have learned to consider the yards along the breastwork, the ditch.
repulse of the British, on that day. as owing t>3 the falling of the river gnoe
.1 brilliant victory, and an evidence of the 23d of December, had become
-uperior gecerahhip and valour in the nearly dry. so that here the obstacle*
■ omnvirjder: but this opinion never above mentioned, to the success of tlie
would have prevailed, ha-] they have enemy, or their close eccouoter with
had a true knowledge of the situation the Americans, was not so great as is
of the two armies- Had Gen. Jack- other parts-

'on and his army met the enemy upoa The cumbers of the Briti^ have by
.-quai groand. harid to hand, arnl foot some of the biuy newspaper " slang
:o foot, as Gen. Brown did at Chippe- whangers" been greatly exaggerated,
•^-T- and at Bridgewater, and h?.d the and the number of the Americans a«
British in such a contc-sl. been defeated much extenuated. J have seen a
•ind destroved, as tliey were at New- chronological table printed at Boston.
Orleans: then might die General have in which tfie number of the British tnx^
l>cen lauded with proprietv. But let on the Sth of January, was set down
us for a moment consider wLat the real at thirleen thousand : and the number
-ifuation of the two armies at ?»ew-Of- of Americans at considerable less than
fcans was: and from it draw conclu- four thousand: but why rate the force
rioas what degree of generalship was of the British at only thirteen thoasand
Jisplaved. Their p<»itions were near- — if the object is to make a marvelous
Jv as follows: tlic American?, as I have j tale, why not give the roar>d number of
before stated, were on the upper side twenty thousand, or forty thousand, but
of a high wall, made of adhesive and if truth should prevail, the supenority
-lipperyer.rth: Wvond tliis wall at its of numbers will be found much to pre-
itase, was a ditch twelve or fourteen ponderate on the American sidf, for
icet wide, from three to four feet deep. irr>m the best sources of infonmtion
MVtn-lv fillf^ w'fh mud and water. — re?pecRng tfi** nomber? •f ibe Bri'>*^*

•0.0

CENKR.VL JACKSON'S SOLITARY PRETEN'srOSS.

and ill k-ed liie oidy sources tlial are I tlic hiiiiJijii saiiors and iiiuiiiies, nude
entillcd to credit, which i? Gen. Jack- his attack.

son's own account, and that of the If Gen. Jackson had no more thau
British officer hcforc alluded to, there 4,600 men at the breastwork, it must
worceight rP£;imcntsof the Briliih.and 'have been because more could not be
from six Inmdred to nine hundred mari- engaged at it to any advantage. In-
nes and s;iilors. Admitting all the i deed conside g the length of the
regiments to liavo been full, when they j i)rea=two-rk, w'iik h certainly did not ex-
landed, a circumstance totally improli- j cccdtwehohundred yards; and further,
able, they amounted to eight tliouiand, I taking into view that mew cannot ac'
and the marines and sailors, eight in battle in a less space than three
hundred, tl>e whole force which was feet, it is probal.de there was not more
eight thousa'id eiglit hundred; it must | than that number immediately at the
betaken ii-.to account however, tluit i breastwork; for if each man occupied

Erevious to the eii;l)t!! of Jaiuiar)', there- 1 a space of three feet, or one vard,
ad been several co'.cfiicts, and accord-] twelve hundred men, sii gle file, would
\ng to :dl accou'its their efficient force,] have occupied the whole length of the
had Iicen reduced about eight hundred. I breastwork, and 3,600 would have tilled
te.iving seven ihousaid two hundred ' it three deep, which is as many 1 think,
reL;u!ars; this number, however, did not I as could be advantageously engaged.

all .idvauce upon the American lines.
Colonel Mullen, refused to lead his
regi/nent to the attack; the force, there-
fore, that did advance to the attack on

The General had more than twice 3,600
men on that side of the rixer, hut where
posted, or what their coudilion for bat-
tle was, I do not know, at least I did

the left bank of tlie river on the eighth I not see; I was that morning employed
of Tinunrv, did not exceed six thousaiid i in Fort St. Charles.
th:-' t liu'idred men. Gen. Jackson I If Gen. Jackson could not empio}
rate.s hi? own force at the breastwork, more than 3,600 men to advantage at
at three thousand six hundred men; and i the breasfwdrk. how can if he inia^in-
savs notliii'g of tlie thousands which lie | cd the British General could attack to
had in the rear. There arc public advantage with a greater nunjber, when
documents and other proofs to siiow, he had no greafer space lo act upon
that Jackson had at his command on ' than CJen. Jackson had. The Britisii
that day at New-Orleans, more llian I troops could not fire while they wen-
nine thousand men; the following list •>dvancing, except the front (ilc, and
w-ill be fon.d very near correct, orj'beybut once without stopjiing to r<-

rather a low estimate.

Jfi'K-Orlonns militia nnd voliintorrs,
7tli ami 41(1) rr:;imi-iit;i of rocnlars,
Loui^iiinn and Mi^siisippi mi.itiii and

volunteer-, at Ipiist
Com. Patterson'^ s lilors and marines,
CotTie's Hrii;.ulo Triiiir-sce ri.'lfnien,
Carrol's I>rii,'!ulo IViiiit«-i<f niililia,
Tliomaa' Brigade Keutuckj militia.

load tiieir pieces: and if they cotdd
have (ircd, it wouhl have been niert-
accident if they bad hit any of the
Vmericans, for there was nothing ol

tooo

71)0
1. 100 f

|,j^^!luads and shoulders, and tlicse only
23(H> "'hen thev rose up to lire. As I lia\e

'2-200 ■ "

tlu-m to be seen by the British but their

9200

before remarked. />ne thousand m-n.
situated as (he Americans were, wc.uKl
be equal '^ ("ur. if not live thousand.
Beside, it is but reasonable to sup- 1 situated as the Brirish soldiers were.
piNp, that some, if not all the 350 men \ And where, Iwould a-k, was there anv
ot Co lice's brigade, who were left at genoralshipdispla\ed bv our commatuj-
Sandy Creek, knd ere this followeiland jer? ^Vhcre was th.-re'an opportui;il\
joined the army. Palterson's sailors to display miliUirv skill? There was no
.■<nd marines, were r.ut indeed under marching: no pressing or charging up-
Jac!;Non's command, but thev acted in on the enem^ : no bringing up of corps
conrer(,_it must bo understood. t!i:il-,of reserve tostrenglhen anv weak part,
■about (iPeen hundred of the above enii-'orto counteritct anv evolution of the
met-.. fed m^n, were on the* right hanklenemv; there was not even a-,vchang-
«f tlje rivar, where Col. Thornton, with ' ing of position. Any of the tirsl settler^

CIENEHAL JAeKSOJV'S MILITARY PRETENSIONS.

91

of Iveiilucky, or Tennessee, would in i answer my [)urpose, 1 concluded lo re-
their little forts have arranged lliem- turn irnmediaicly to town, and inform
selves in this maimer, to repel an attack the aid-de-cam|), and make arrangc-
of the Indians, or any other assailants, mcnts that evening, to go early in the
Gen. Jackson undouhtcdiy has one morning, to some otiier place, where
of the fjualilies of a good General; he better wood might he procured; on
has intrepidity — but lias he strength of I the way down it became exceeding
muscle? strength of eye? hardiliood of I dark and fuggy, =0 thai nothinii could

constitution? and above all, where has
he ever given any evidence of superior
genius, either in this profession, or any
otiier? He has nevcrmet the troops of
any civilized natidn in the open lield,
and without a cover.excei)l on the nigiit
of the 23d Uccomber, a' d liicn it was
under circumstaiices thai neither com-
mander knew scarce any thing of the
other's force or position.

I am, and always have been, aspiuch

arms, as any man thai lives between the
Sabine and the P;;ssama(juoddy. But
I have always I'cll a little disgust, a lil-

)e seen but Ihe faint glimn)er of iigiils
on shore. I thouglit, however, that 1
could get to my usual landing plate,
by the aid of two lamps that stood be-
tbrc the custom house. I was so unfor-
tunate, however, as to mistake lights
which stood a few hundred yards a-
bove the custom house, for the cu-tom
house lights; 1 had a sailor constantly
heaving ihe lead, but ihe bank of tlic
flat, which is called the batture, was

delighledat thesuccess and glory of our so bold, that although the engine vi'a

stopped the moment soundings were
obtained, the boat forged ahead so
much as to slick upon the bar; after

tie asiiamed, when I have heard the I trying to force her back by the engine,
felaugliter at New-Orleans spoken of as 1 without elfect, 1 sent out a kedge upon

an evidence of military prowess, and
genius. It always seemed to me, loo
much like boasting of cutting off men's
heads when their hands were tied. The
victory of Hull. ollVrry, of McDonougii,
or almost any other of the naval victo-
ries, and indeed Gen. Brown's successes
on the land, were in a military point of

the slaiboard quarter of the boat,
which moved her considerably; but at
the distance of fifty fathoms from the
boat, the water was from fiAcen to
twenty fathoms deep, and the cun-ent
very rapid. I immediately tried a
large anchor, but the bottom was so
soft, the water so deep, and Ihe current

view, and as examples of chivalrou'i so rapid, thai it was impossible to get

warfare, worth fifty, ^ye a thousand
such repulses as tliat of New-Orlp;ins.

Gen. Jackson [wd on the 2Gl!i, or-
dered the steam l)oat which I lom-
nianded, to be prepared for receiving
guns, to be used against the enemy; at
the time the order was given, the Brit-
ish had not used artillery, and it was
rot known that they had landed any;
the boat was ready lo receive the guns
on or about the 2rid of January : late
on that day, I got an order from Thom-
as L. Butler, the General's aid-de-camp,
who was stationed in town, to go up
the river a few miles, to take wood on
board. prc])uratory tofakingthe giinsou
board, and to proceeding down to iht
lines. I accordingly went up Ihe rive,
to the point of destination; when Hirst
arrived at the pile, 1 concluded to lie
at the place all night, and take a large
quantity of wood on board, but on ex-

a .'■udicient scope of cable out, to ena-
ble the anchor to hold; the ilat or bar
was so soft, that it was impracticable
to shove her olF. Another circum-
stance transpired against me: the wind
had for several days been blowing
from the south, which had conside: a-
bly raised the water; that evening it
became calm and foggy, and the wind
soon came from the norlh-west, which
caused the v.-ater to fall very rapidly.
Having worked all night, and ail the
next day, with my utmost strengtii and
action, suffering the keenest mortiticn-
tion, and having tried every expedienl
which I thouglit likely to succeed, with-
out effecting my object, 1 was compel-
led to yield to what I considered at
that time, a great misfortune.

The above st;itemenl respecting the
grounding of the steam boat, may ap-
pear to some quite superfluous; but in

amining it, and tind'ng it would not (these^ ill-omened daj-s of strife and pre

iS>2

CBNEHAL JACKSON'S MILITARV PRETE\S10,VS.

varication, to have omitted it would 'and that it was little short, of blasphe-
hrfve appeared to man}-, that 1 was de- my to censure, or even etiquire into the
sirous of hidiiig fact-:; and some, who, propriety of their conduct. General
like the modern judf(e of Israel, think; Jackson had declared martial law
that all is fair in politics, would eaf^erly ! wlien there was this justification for it:
seize the opportunity of manufacturing . it was necessary that every man should
a tissue of faUehood. I be a soldier. But it is very doul)t/iil

On the niiiht of the 18th of January, I whether hy this violation of the coi;-
the British force retreated; at which stitution tiity men, or even one man.
time, owing to the loss which they sus- was brought ifito the riinks, who would
taincd on the 8th, and the previous not by tiie existing laws, or their vol-
conllicts, their whole number, regulars, \mtary will have placed themselves
sailors, and marines, could not accord- there. It will be seen, by refer.ing t»
ing to Gen. Jackson's estimate of their| the acts passed by the legislature or
losses, have exceeded five thousand Louisiana, a few days previous to tiic
men. Tlic joy of the citizens of New- 1 landing of the British, that that body
Orleans was unbounded. The French of men, unpatriotic, or traitorous as
people are said to be le"s phlegmatic, > Gen. Jackson would make it appear
or in other words, more enthusiastic : they were, had taken the most zealou's
. than the Americans, and now, in the . and energetic measures, to bring every
overflowing of their joy, they wanted man that could he found into the de-
to select some object, tangible object, fence of the country. Two of these-
on which to bestow their benedictions, acts are contained in the appendix, anA
They too, some at least of them, had in i there arc several others, passed in the
their native country been accustomed ; same animated spirit. There was noth-
to shows and pageants. The present ' ing in the conduct of these men, in
they thought was an occasion which their legislative capacit}', that goes t»
would justify such an exhibition ; they, sliow they were less earnest or desirous
as well as the Americans, were in that | for the successful defence of New-Or-
mood, in which they iiave raised up leans, than Gen. Jackson himself wis.
and crowned an idol, or a man, whom Indeed they had as strong, or strorger
they have called their king, or empc- incentives to protect the pl.ice Irom
ror, and who soon became tlieir tyrant, the ravages of an enemy, than the
Gen. Jackson was the man they select- Gen'l. had; they, many of them, had
cd, on whom to bestow these insignia their fimilics, their lionour, and their
of honor, or tokens of adidation, and , property to protect, while Jackson had
b • it would appear, nothing loth, be- only military fame to acquire,
came, as some would say. the pujjpet of But llie circumstances under which
tliis most anti-repuMican spectacle. A (jen. Jackson had declared martial
triumphal arch was erected in the pub- law, had long ceased to exist. When
lie s<|uare, l)efore the church, avid Gen. [ he incarcerated a member of the leg-
Jackson pompously marched under it, I islature, a national judge, a district at-
wcnt into tl;ecathedral,an(l wascrown-l torney, and banished the consul of a
ed by the bishop. "Freedom shriek- 1 foreign nation; when martial law was
ed when Kosciusko fell," and Freedom ! declared, and invasion by British troops
frowned a .d sighed, when Gen. Jack- [in great force was hourly expected,
so:i was crowned. ! but a monti) belbre those high-liandeil

It is a n'atter for speculation, wheth- nicasures were enforced, tiie Brili>li
er the heiiar, and homage, tiiat ou the liad been discomtited, had lost nearly
above named occasion was m so high a half their nundier, and had gladly eflcct-
degrec p.iid to Gen. Jackson, was not ! 3.1 a retreat, or escape Irom the banks
the cause of his acting in so tyrannical' of the Mississippi; and further, at this
a manru'i- as he al'terwards did. Men; lime, our Ibrce was near or quite dou-
o( muc'i more strength of mind thaii ble what it was when the British land-
Gen. J.i-kson possesses, have by lion-.ed for in addition to the arrival of the
orsaiui .iistinctions. been led to believe J Kentuck). the Louisiana, and the Mis-
■ey Ijcld their power by divine right. I sissippi militia, the 3d regiment of the

GENEKAI- JACKSO.V'S MIMTAKY I'RETKNSIDNS.

Ha

tJnited Stales' infantry, six hundred | the 3d, 7th and 44th regiments of roc;a-
stronsi, had arrived from Mobile, and all hi IS, containing upwards of thirlt-cn
were" eonipletcly equipped with the hundred troops; these men he kept in
bestof arms, for, in addition to about 'garri^^on near his person; forwhat pur-
one thousand stand of arms taken from 1 pose, I will scarce venture a conjecture,
the British on the eiglith, a boat had J It is well known, however, for what
rtrrivid from Pittsburgli on tlio 10th or 1 purpose tyrants have generally used
lltli of January with 5000 new nuis- troops of this description.
Icets; Gen. Jackson himself proves' by | The militia of the town, some of
one of his oHicial dopatehes, that he them at least, were kept oil' at a dis-
had no apprehension the British would jfance, stationed at disagreeable po'tsj
lieturn, and if they had returned, itjit was this arrangement, and the Gon-
wouldonlvhavebeento bcraptund, for eral's treatment of French Pul)je( tt',
Jackson had more than double their j that Mr. Louaillier, a member of tlic
numbers. The General writes as fol- ' Legislature com])lained of in a ne\vs>
fows. "Whether it is the purpose of! paper; and for this complaint. Gen.
the enemy to abandon the expedition | Jackson sent a t"de of these regulars,
altogether, or renew his cHbrts at some and took him into custody. Mr. Lou-

other point, I do not pretend to deter-
mine with po^itivencss; in my own
opinion, however, there is but little
doulil that his last exertions have been
made in this quarter, at any rate for
the present season, and by the next, I
hope we shall be fully prepared for
them. In this belief, I am strengthened
not only by the prodigious loss he has
sustained at the position he had ju>t

aillicr, by a friend,a])plied to the district'
Judge for a writ of habeas corpus, the
Judge granted it, but Jackson instead
of obeying the writ, sent another tile of
these regulars (or the body of the
Judge, whom he kept in custody for;t
week, and then banished fiom the town ;
from these, and many other illustrations
of character, and disposition in tlie
General, I sliould,wcre I tohazard an o-

quit, butby the failure of his fleet to pinion,conclude that ifhc had athisi nnv

pass fort St. Philip.

'•His loss on this ground, since the
debarkation of his troops, as stated by
the last prisoners and deserters, and
confirmed by many additional circum-
stances, must have exceeded four thous-
and, and wac greater in the action of
(he eighth, than estimated from th(!
most correct data then in possession by
the inspector general, whose report
Las been forwarded to you."

But although there was not a single
♦•nemy on our shores within three hun-
dred miles of New Orleans, and al-
though not a pretext of necessity re-
mained for military law, being contin-
ued paramount to civil authority;
yet Gejcral Jackson found that dic-
tatorship was convenient and very

mand an army of one hundred thousand
of these rcgulars,undcr good discipiiae,
and good pay, no man within these U-
nitcd States, could with impunity, pub-
licly spcak.or publicly write, any tliiag
which the General in his w isdom, wc'idd
deem an improper meddling; and i! he
should be elected President, the very
first year of his administration rt ould
proI)ably involve us in a broil with some
other nation, and the General would
deem it expedient to raise an army;
then what his friends now boastii-igly
call his energetic character, would in-
cite him to iiave an energetic or numer-
ous army; and by the time this army
was well drilled, he would (ind that
martial law throughout the United
States was necessarv; and then, if any

pleasant. His brow too, still retained i man, in any p;irt of the nation should
the exalting sensation which the crown | complain of his proceedings, he would
had impressed upon it: he felt that he 1 find, as he did in the case of Louaillier,
had the power, and that conscious- 1 that they had committed a dozen oll'en-
ness gave him the disposition to over- ces against the rule> and articles olwar,
come all opposition to his mandates, and [each of which, ought to be capitally
to silence all public enquiry into the | punished; perhaps ho might merciluIN
propriety of his arrangements. Jack- , mitigate their punishment, and only
son at this time, had at N^'w• Orleans consing them to a d-ingcoTi,

34 GEN. JACKSON'S 3IIUTARYPRETESSIOVS..~~THEOFPO.SlTlO.\.

But (say his .idvocates) after peace
took pl.K e, he surrendered himself lo
the judicial autliority of this same judge,
a^'d tliu-; proved his respect forthi- l;nv>.
and for the civil autliority. I would
ask these advocates, what could he

that tile diameter of the person fixeS
upon as r.; ;. I demagogue possessed suf-
tii-ient bi i!Ii:ii;<.y"to <lazzle the uiider-
sta.'idiitgs •)(' the ccmmunilV'to such a
decree th<-. '■•■ . " ■• but his eleva-
tion would b' -d by ihem. —

have done else, could he have taken any ' But this has been found to be a misUike.
other course without open rebellion to The people, althoutrh easily iiiflueticed
the govert.ment of the United States, for a time livshow of prctciision, have
And could he have rebelled success- still a habit of reflecting, after the inti-
fullv; none 1 presume will believe he mediate impulse is past. Tliis habit
could; then I ask, where was t!ie evi- 1 constitutes the most formid^.''k- diffi-
dence of his meekness — because a man] culty to be overcome by the oppo.^iiion.
yields with apparent readiness to au-land it is one which for a lonu lime
thority which he knows he cannot re- they totally overlooked. But liavi;:g
sist, is it ah evidence that he respects | at length perceived it to be neces-ar)-
or honors that authoritv ? or is it not] to pay some attention to it, they found
more an evidence that he yields with , ed tliemselves in a verv awkward di-
rt good grace to that which he knows; lemma: for having; fixed their aticn-
he cannot successfully resist, and must Uion solely upon the ol)ject to be ob-
finally yield to?' tained, they neak'cled to observe the

elFect produced l)y tlie steps tliey were
_t;^^c= — taking to obtain it. Tiie inconsistency

of preteiidi ig that the elevation of a
THE OPPOSITION. particular individual would cause the

It has been somewhat amusing to oh-' adoption of a course of policy to -uil
serve the efforts that have been made. , different parti of the country in which
by the opposi' ion to the present admin-; the view? and wishes of t!ic people
fetration, to effect an amalgamation of' were in direct opposition, was disro-
the discordant and heterogeneous ma-|jrarded until it was feartd th.at to nc-
Icrials of which their party is compos- 1 gleet appearances entirely, would jeojj-
cd. The object of all the leaders is , .-^rdizo titcir plans. It was discovered
the same, viz: to obtain place and | that the people were not sufficiently
power for themselves, and this object vereed in the opposition doctrines ol
has united in a common cause a great ' political economy to understand that a
number of political mendicants from as 1 desire for oflice and an utter reckless-
many diffttrent parties as existed pre- 1 ncss respecting the means by which it
vious to the last Presidential election, is to be obtained, are sufficient qualifi-
But it is not considered prudent to i cations for their puldic servants. The
avow the rcul motive whicli governs prompt and perfect refutation of the
them: somelliing that shall have the various slanders which had bc^n dc

appearance of political princi|)le is
thought necessary to justify, to the pub-
lic, tlic extraordinary efforts they are
making to obtain their ends. To ask
the ptH)ple directly and openly to dis-
miss tried and faithful servants merely
tor the |)urpose of giving their places
to thiwi; whose chief recommendations
arc their impudence and ambition, is
not sui>i)osed to be the course most
iikeU to insure success

vised as substitutes for sound doctrine
and patriotic principle, was a misfor-
tune which they found it difficu.t to
remedv. In this emergency it seemed
expedient to avow some political doc-
trine that should be common to the
wiiole party throu£;iiout the United
States. And as has usually happened
in such cases, the southern politicians
have been able to dictate the doctrines
that arc to be supported by the party.

But to discover any thing which ! In former times, according to i\Ir. John
should serve as a common bond of uni- Randolph, the southern members were
on, and have at the same time any | aide to //u;/ as many »doup;h faces' a- ihej
(icmblance of principle, has been a dif- ireiiuired to carry any particular meas-
fkuM tasL At Grst it was supposed 'ure, But on the pres"::t occa-ion^ it

/«U..

THE OPPOSITIOPT.

95

does not appear (hut they have incur-] but they did not possess the tale'.ts of
reii any pecuniary expense. An oppo

sition to the American system seems
now to be the bond that unites the dem-
agogues ot'tlie soutii and west.ahiiongh
itls well Icnown that in nothing have the
people of the west ever been so unani-
mous as ill the opinion that the adop

'the ediior of the Tiller, and therefore
failed.* Not satisfied, however, with
these two taslcs, our great man in hii
course is accomplishing a tliird, viz;
the destruction of the English lan-
guage, and substituting ore in its
stead, entirely i;idcpendent of rules

tion of that system is indispcnsiblc to I of grammar or any such like restraints
the prosperity of tiie country; and it j upon his genius. In this latter work
must have been a very grievous affair I he goes on prosperously, and by the

for our opposition members to be oblig-
ed to adopt it without receiving any
pay in advance. But in truth, it would
have been asking too nun ii of them to
require that t!iey should withstand the
dictation of the valiant "hero of lute-

time the people are enlightened
enough to understand what he writes,
the other two tasks will uudoul)tedly
be accomplished. To tliese powerfiri
supporters of the opposition in Ohio,
another has been lately added, pcihaji!:

string and Cologne,'' backed by the re- j somewhat inferior in talents but
doutable champion of Roanoke, who , equally useful: we mean the Cques-
mifht'-nail them to the coun'er like ajtrian statue lately erected by Mr.
pie'ce of bad money," if they refused | Letton at his museum. This last
to believe that the constitution is a | would have been more efficacious if
-fai>faroaade of abstractions,"' or "blow! Mr. L. had attended to the advice of a.
them sky high,"' if they refused to a-' friend, and exhibited the six militia

bandon the interests of their constitu
cnts at hisbiddlng.

But how are the people of the west

mer, with their general. These would
have given more character to the ex-
hibition. The mere representation of

fo be made to adopt docrines contrary | one man on horseback, dressed in re-
to those they have so long cherished?! gimentals, is rather too much like our
fn this Congressional district, indeed, I every day exhibitions of dressed up-
the powerful talent, of ouf represen- j officers, and the latter possess one
tative will do much, and if ^e should ! advantage over the former, — they arc
not be entireiv equal to the task, our able to parade the streets. As to
late representative will aid him. Of their comparative real utility, there
these distinguished characters it is dif- will be, doubtless, mucii dilfcronce of
I'lcult to decide which is the greatest opinion.

man: either of them would in ordinary The importance of the task of sup-
times, be sufficient for one stale, but porting Gen. Jackson for the Presi-
theold remark, that when great events, ,|cncy, is surelv manifest f:om the im-
are to be achieved, great men are rais-i portance of the characters we have re-
ed up to accomplish them, 's doubtless ferred to, who, with many others of a
the best method of accounting for their j similar stamp, in. other parts of the U*.
appearance in the same age and coup- j States, have assumed it. And the labors
try. It will unquestionably require and sacrifices requirca of all his parti-
the exercise of talents of the highest or- j z^ns attest it no less .-Urongly. In spcak-
der to induce our people to relinquisli i Jn^ of the sacrifices required, we do not
their most lavouritc doctrines, merely | refer to that of consistency, which was

made by most of the leaders, nor to
those of an external regard for trutli
fcid decencv. These seem to .have

because the people of the south require
it. One of our great men, indeed,
seems to possess the proud conscious-
ness of being more than equal to this
task, and he therelore devotes some of [~7
his surplus talents to the additioral
modest one, of overturning the chris-
tian religion. In this attempt Hume,

Gibbon, Voltaire and many others. ^ g,.n„c,„an of good education, good morals
were very zealous. Ilio' unsuccessful :' ivnd goo'l «pnsp.

nre informed tli-it the Tillftr Ins l.itely
passed into other h.nila and will in fntnre bo
conducted with deceni;y. Of course llie ahove
remarks will not be 5U.iipo?i-d to be nppliciible
to llie present editor, -ivlio we are infortaed is

ao

THE OV POSITION.

been made witliout any effort. But to I Aost deep and ingenious intrigues in
be o'oligod to adopt such sentiments and i liis power. They would never know
sjjrii language as Joiin Randolph, Gov. any tiling more of his peculiar talent
Gil;-, Duir Green, and McDuflie are . than his countrvmen do of his political
•in tiic liabit of retailing — to he forced principles. How tlieri can such men he
•lo adopt these, as the sentiments and j expected tocountenance manufacturing
/ccliiigs of the party, is really tasking 'and the mechanic arts. No power less
iiuman endurance to the uttermost. — than that of an Emperor could create
The pi>or Egyptians who were forced 1 rcw ards sutricient to satisfy such nu-n.
to acknowledge as Gods, the most loath- If industry should be cherished and
some and unclean animals in nature, j protected, where should we be able to
furnish the onlv instance we recollect rtind men to gaze at the pageants gol
of such a hardship. And if the merit I up in honor of the Hero? Whert-
of any work is to be measured by its j would be the "greasy knaves to throw
disgusting nature, the followers of such [ up their caps" and cry "hurrah fur
men may fairlv assume a high degree, j Jackson."' And if liabitsof attention to
But will all the olliccs and all Ih-! business should become universal,
treasures of the nation i)e sufficient to whi^c should we find suitable materi-
reward so many men for such sacriticcs? als for the distinguished leaders abovr-
Truly, we fear not. A Republic m'jst ! referred to, to operate upon, and wha'
alwaysbe toopoortosatisfysu<hclaims. , would prevent their talents from be-
Tiiey would recjuire an Emperor who j ing lost to their country? The Ameri-
could make Dukes and Princes of the ! can Ssytem tliereforc cannot be ex-
leadcrs, aiul wI)o could cstabli'^h a ' pectcd to lind favor with such nK;n;
iegion of honor to reward the subordi-.and its supporters must endure the
nates: an Emi>eror who, if the treasures dreadful apprehension that the powcr-
of his own country wore not suflicient, ful states of S. Carolina and Georgia,
could rob his neighbors to enrich his>vill withdraw their support from
follower-. : the Union if they do not abandon

To I'o-ler ar,d ciicri-h manufactures it. The secession of these states,
and encourage indu>try. would enrich would leave the rest of tlic union
the nalio'i, but would the riches thus as weak and feeble as an oak il
gainedgointo the pockets of the leaders the support of an ivy should br
of the opposition? If they would not, taken from it. But this is not all,
ran they be expected to do otherwise there are the New- York and Boston
tlian oppose these interests? Could merchants, who are opposed to the
mv lord John of Roanoakc be expected An»erican System, and the latter have
to' descend so low as e\ en to touch , already published a memorial, ponder-
w ealth gained bv a manuHictory ? U'hy ; ous enouu'li to overpower the senses ol
the very idea would be a* horrible as J a wlxde arm>, and if need be. the
that of his coachmaivs giving a vote at • New-Yorkers can import another from
h\ election, and t!uH neutralizing that ' England ecpially weighty, and equally
of his mailer. And can it he supposed correct, both as to facts and inferences,
that Lord 1\1< Dull' could use cologne i They have long had it in their po«-
walerofthe m inufarlurc of //i/x coun- er lo check any particular branch o!
try? Why bo would tiiink it a decoction American niaimfucture^ by glutting
of oakbark And the sublime Cover- the market with importations from
i>or of Virginia, what would become of; England, and thus preventing the A-
all his ideas, if he were once to see a merican fabrics from becoming knowu
manufaftory in operation? Would not,) and preferred, and they are cndeax-
the whirlingoflliewheelsand the noise, louring in the same way to preveni
and the incNplicable varieties ofmolions. our own doctrines of political econ-
eoinnli'lrlv aiinihilatethem? AndMr. !omy from being adopted, hi InUh
yan Ihiivii, w hat can he do in the way case< they are in the habit of •sending
of his vocation with a parcel of facto- to this country inferior article-, such
ries? 'J'hrir wheels will always keep as have for their chief recon«nenda-
whirling the same way in spite of the tion cheapness and eitcrnul poli>b;

iilK OPPOSITION.

9^

of such as are ver>' little used in G. i cm planters with tlie Eastern mer-
Briiain. I chants. These two Imdies have liith-

If by this course, — by tlius lending | eito been more regularly and constant

t'lemselves to l)ecome tools ot the
British maiiuiUcturers, the merchants
secured to themselves the advantage
of even being the Inat to be devoured,
their conduct would not appear so ex-
traordinarv, but as tiiev are among

Iv in op|i(),-ition, than any oth.cr, and it
would be very pleasant to see thcni at
lengtli united, it'it were not for the cir-
cumstance that tlicy have united to
oppose what their own interests, as
well as those of tlic country, should

the lirst to be ruined by those charges j have caused them to unite to suj)|)0! t.

The planters, however, are not so ex-
clusivelv governed by interest, as their
new associates. They possess a great
deal of j)ride and much magnanimity.
But to carry the latter quality so far
as -to restore, voluntarily, to G.Brit-
ain, all the beneiits she cither derive?
or .asks from colonies, viz: those of
taking all their raw materials, and
supplyiiig all their manufactures, is re-
ally carrying this good (piality a iitilc
too far. It has been supposed by some,
that where slavery exists, a state of
colonial subjection in the mristers, i?
t'lcir only proper political condition.
We hope our Southern brethren arr
not anxious to prove the troth of this
maxim. Con-ideving that the slavery
whicli now exists among them, is not
their fault but their misfortune; those
of us who know from experience, the
many excellent and amiable traits ol
character they possess, would willing-
ly believe that this misfortune canrot
so obscure and cloud their me: tal fac-
ulties, as to carry them such lengths as
tliis. AVe all know that the blird en-
t'.msiasm, which, among the ignorant,
supplies tiie plare of political knowl-
edge, does not, in the case of General
.J. exist in the South. Too n^any of
his pcct'.llar traits of character, have
been exhibited there to admit of this
belief. Perhaps if they could he
'-xclusive benefit of existing manufac- 1 brought to forgive Mr. Adams for hav
tnrcrs. — That every citizen can, and j ing been born north of the Poion.ar.
a goodly number always will, embark | they might yet be induced to refust
in any pur-uit that they observe to be! their assistance toward elevating to
profitable ; and the wealth acquired by 1 t!ie Presidency a man. whom they
successful occupation, is as likely to he l«urely cannot love very heartily, .and
generally dilTuscd among the people.! whose success can hardly afford nfuch
if that occupation be mechanical, as if! gratification to their pride,
it be mercantile. I If Gen. . I. should be elected Pro|i-

Among the strange associations which ! dent, the task of pulling the wires will
the nomin.ation of Gcu. Jackson for the not occupy a suiricient number, to
Presidjcncy, h."^ caused, none appears I quiet all the restless spirits that are
■^lore sinsiilar, than that of the South-) expecting to he ergaged in the bus;

wliich are occasioned by an extraor-
dinary glut of liie market at one time,
and a forced scarcity at another, their
combiiiiijg with the enemies of the
American oystcm is a course of policy
trul>' unaccountable. As long as they
pursue this course successfully, they
can calculate upon what they have
hitlierto experienced, viz: at periods
of five to seven years, regularly, a num-
ber of bankruptcies sufficient in the
course of an ordinary life, to include
nearly all the members of the mer-
cantile .commu:iity. A suitable en-
couragement of manufacturing indus-
tr}", by diverting some of the compe-
tition, would reader commerce more
secure and safe for those who choose
to pursue it; and would offer to those
who choose to emi)ark in other pur-
suits, opportunities of safe and profit-
able investment of capital.

It seems somewhat singular, that
no one has yet undertaken to inform
the eastern merchants and southern
planters of a fact, which from the rea-
sonings of their remonstrances, reso-
lutions of Ch.ambers of Commerce, &c.
thcv seem to be profoundly ignorant
of, viz: that the manufacturers of the
United States are not a distinct and
separate chiss irito which no one else
can enter, and that the protection that
mav be granted to them, is not for the

9»

TTIE OPPOSITTOX "TnE BAHGAIN."

ncjs, ai.tl t'.e.M what will ijeioinc- oiieDiiu t?. Li. stroy thece, ai.d tojilii-
those u: fortunate wretches that must |sit>n and anarchy must inevitaljly en-
be crowded outol'the places they have jsuc; and all our free instiiuiio.is turn-
set tieir heart- upon orctipying? It is oie ii.io ruin. The importance, there-

rcally melancholy to think what a num
ber of men are disqualifying^ t^'f-m-
selve- for engi^ing in any laud- bl"

fore, of keeping up a correct and prop-
er uiidcrsUiiidi g huiween those who
^rnrit, and those who exercise clHcia!

pursuit by endeavouring to qualify I power, must -fjc obvious to all; — in or-
thc.nsclve- for this. To a majority of 'der to do this, it is equally obvious,
the supporters of the General we i that both parties are hou d by every
believe a more dreadful di.-appoint- jcoisideratio;. of palrioti.-m and hoijC«ty,
ment would be caused by his success, to be candid and just. Tiieir recipro-
than his failure, a>id it would be real- cal intercourse should be charactcr-
ly piaiseworthy to save them from this I ized by mulu;il act- of kindness a:.d
shuck. They would certainly feel cr nlidence. As on ihe one lianii, wll

much less chagrin in being defeated
Ly their enemie-;, than in being shaken
off" by their pretersded friends. We
have many of t'lese unfortunate beings
in the wrs!,and what is (o be done with
them afler the election, is a subject
whicii ought to occupv tiic attention of
the humane and cliaritalile. We have
many charitable societies, hut we have
not yet established one for the relief of
disap])ointed oflicf-seekers. As this is
almost t!ie only one that is really need-
ed in tiic west, il is time (!iat our lead-
ing p'lilanthropisls should take il into
consideration; and we hope it will not
be neglected. It might, if properly or-
ganized and directed, be the mca's of
reforming many young m"n, whose
brains liave been turned by poliiital
ambition; and of restorit^g tiuin to-
usefulr.ess. and in time to a correct es-
tim;ile of their own talents. The pat-
rons of such an institutio-i, would re-
ceive the blessings of a comniM.iiiy
whii-h would l)y tlieir means be deliv-
ered from a conslantlv increasinr; evil;
aiid the portion of peace a-d quiet
%vhich would iie restored (o the publii .
niple remuneraUo ■ for
X. Y.

would br an
t^ie expense.

In repuHrn*- there is no pnlilical re-
lation so intorcsting, and so sacred,
as tliat which exists between the peo-
ple and their representatives. TFfl-
connexion i? the result of that specie-
of confidenci' and trust, wliicli are
alone the support of all elective gov-

pride a; d consequence of otlicial sta-
tion, should be avoided ; so on the oth-
er, every mean prejudice aid unfound-
ed suspicion should be discarded. —
There should exist a harmiiiuous coin-
cidence of feeling, a co; firmed habit
both on the part of (he governors and
the governed, to promote tne happiness
and prosperity oi'the country. T:ie man
wl;o has spent his life ai^d taler.ts iii
the seiTiceof the puldlc, has a right to
expect, and receive from the people,
the reward of their co; tidence and ap-
proba'iiof. A confrarv treatmcn'.. is
not only aa attack upon him, but upon
the very spirit and essence of the
elective fraiicliise. Has not allhis-
iory, proved liie irnt!. of this re-
mark? Hiiw often did t!ie citizens of
(jrcecea d Rome weaken the lorco of
their free instiiutions by unjustly as-
sailing and condemning their public
men? The reputation, theref"re, of
magistrates a.-.d rul.^rs beli);!^:- 'o the
countrv. It should be treated as a
pearl of great price; and '.v'len sullied
by doubts and suspicions, the accu-ed
slionld be heard with the utmost can-
dou*-. Is not tliis dot trine correct ? If
public men are amenable to tl-iC people
— if a reliance on iheir fidelity is the
foundation of the elec(i^■e svstem, it is
our iiilrrrst. 'osay nothing of Jiislicc, to
hear and ajipreciafe thrir defence,
when accused? Not to hear a man
who has been falsely assailed is a dere-
liction of the plainest principles of
equity. Not to awartl him a verdict
of acciuittal. when proved to be isnio-
cent. is unnianK and cruel. To per-
sist after all this, in a repetition of
false and exploded flunders is worse than

*» THE BARGAIN."

9»

open and <iirert assar.sination! If n
spirit of (his kind could I.e stopped
Willi the tlestruction of a single vic-
tim, it mio;'it l)e lamciiicdaiid endured.
But wlieiie\er manifested in a repub-
lic, ive may be sure ii is A'd a d iiour-
islicd i)v a morbid cxcilcnienl, which,
as it is without reason, ha« no limits.
It is connected with the ambition of
pohtical aspirants, who iiave poisoned
the pu!)lic mind, and iis deadly mardi
bears down every tliins; l)el'ore it. It
is Idind to r'very coiisidi'ration of rea-
soi: and justice, inflames li.e worst pas-
sio;>s of t!ie lieart, and has ol'ten, in
other countries, led to the most terrific
scenes of" idood and carnage."

With' the above introductory re-
marks. I pass to the consideration ofi
the aliet;-;d '•Bargain'.'' between Mr. i

censured. I will not say he wm jnsli-
firr/, bat I ti(Y/ sm/. that lie obeyed the
impulse of an honest but indi(;nanl
spirit, betrayed into an indiscreet ex-
pression 113' the wantonness and iirutal-
ily of lliechai'f^e. Tiie accuscr.George
Kremer, of Pennsylvania, who acted
as has been since proved, as the pion-
eer of a more detestable and abandon-
ed corps of slanderers, was soon unveil-
ed and brought to an open coii(e-sion
of the fad, <ni ilie floor of Congrc-s. —
At the solicitation of Mv. Clay, a com-
mit ec of investigaiion was appoiiled.
It consisted of Messrs Barbour, Wcb-
-ter, McLane, Taylor. Forsythe, San-
ders, and Rankii . They organized,
and notitied the IlunoraUr prosecutor
that thev were ready to hear his testi-
mony or any comnumication he bad to

Adams and Mi - Clay. The latter gen- [ mak.<. II (.-, SI 1 R U.\ K FROM THE
leniap. it is known, lias been chartred
with pr.'sliluting himself to the ambi-
tion of she f rmer, and of receiving as
a reward of bis infidelity, the office
whicii lie now holds. A more wicked
.nnd !n Ib'.mded accusation was never

INVESTIGATION ! ! Here it is prop-
er to remark, that when Mr. Clay
called for the appointment of the com-
mittee, and stated tiie charges which
he conceived to be prefered againet
'.im in the Columl)iaii Observer, Mr.

made. It has not. and never has had. 1 Krerncr respoiided to thi issue ivhich

n single well authenticated or plausi
ble fact to support it. And no'.with-
standitig it lias been refuted by testi-
mony as strong and as irrefragililc as
holy writ, there are found those in
our country, calling themselves just
men and repuiilicaris. who will not on-
ly 7)0/ publish the rrfutation, but con-
tinue witli greedy appetites to swallow
and to circulate tiie slander.

Having tilled for twenty odd years
some of the most useful and responsi-
i)le stations under the government —
having discharged tiiem to tiie satisfac-
tion of the people — and having been
invited without solicitation to become

u-ns tmilnrrl, and avowed his readiness
and aiiility to prove it. But in a day
or two he recoiled, denied the author-
ity of I lie committee, and refused to ap-
pear before it!

Willi liie result of tiie KrcmcrafTiiir,
the community is aire ad v acquainted.
All parties at the tim?, were astonish-
ed at l!ie man's alternate boldness and
imiiecility. Until his principals, to
whose unhallowed purposes he had
lent himsell' a willing liut detestable
instrument, had pro\ided and puldish-
ed a lame ajKilogy for his condu<t, he
was universally despised — he was re-
garded in the light of a detected and

a member of a cabinet, strong at the 1 degraded slanderer! Of him I shall
time, and since honored for its wisdom have nothing further to say, in the pre-
.".nd energy, Mr. Clay could not but sent paper, except incidentally. I have
view this v.anton attack u[)on his repu-| only noliced him atall. in order tc ccme
ta'Ion, with fi'eiings of the liigiiest ii
rliiination. Conscious of the purilv of
his motives, he met the charge at tin
Ihreshhold and declared with pardon-
able warmlli of feelings that the accu-

ser, whoever he miglit he, was an "?H-Hhe resolution wliich he submitted, an

famous ralumnitilor, n rlnstnrd, and

more perlineiitiv to the point, whicli
li«? been more nii-ircjircsentcd ;tnd mis-
undirstood, tlianaiu otiier matter con-
nected with tills sabii

ct. I allude I.)
the proceedings of 3ft. McDrmc and

t

Ihorizing the committee of enquiry to

/inr.'' For this expression of excited ; "call for rsnioxs ,\xd papers." The
leoling, Mr. Clay has hcon frequeotly i opponents of.Mr. Clay, and more par-

ivo

"TMK BAKUAIX."

ticiil;;rly thf Jackson editors, from ouel then pending. I repeat that this rcso-
end of ihe United States to the other, ! lution was not for the purpo>e of con-
seized upon this species of fimxse., iuuijvicting .Mr. Clay, hut to keep the ball
have spared neither labour nor pains i of >lander still rolling and to show that
to turn it to their account, ixot one I Arf mf r had really heard certain things
word, liowever, of the resolution, norl" hinted, rcporlal and iiittnuited;"' but
the rcLii purpose for which it was in- [whether true or faUe, was no part of
troduced, his been candidly a'id fiirly .Mr. McDulKe's intention. He express-
represented. Nay, it iias been mo>t Iv stated his object, which Ishall:ioice
grossly perverted. From the Jackson presently, to liavc no reference to Mr.
presses, every thinj; in relaiion to it, Clay's trial, l)ut to Kremer's. But
lias been distortion, falsehood and de-j here is the resolution:
ceplion. Because Mr. Clay's friends | '•^Resolvc'l, T liat the said committee
in Congress, o/jpfw/ the resolution, his, be instructed to enquire whctiicr the
enemies have declared tliat be slirnnk| friends of Mr. Clay have hinle.l tiiey
from the invcrligation! Tliev have would light for those who would paj
had the grri-s dupLciiy to publi-h this! best, tc. ; and whether overtures were:
statement, without tiie candour to give [.wr/ to have been m>dc by tlu- frioids
at the same time, Mr. McDuffie's oion of .Adam> to t!ie frie 'ds of Clay, otrii-
ientiments and vie^vs upon the subject. — ing him the appointment ofScreiary,
Had they have done so, the public '&c.; and whether the friends of Clay
would have understood his object, gave this information to the friends of
Thev would have seen that the trial Jackson, and /i(»ip/ that, if the frierids
of Mr. Clav was abandoned — tliat all of Jacksbn. would otler the same price
hope of proving the charges against thev would close with them, iic; and
him was given up, and that the only wiietber it was said or believed that in
intention was to provide some plausil)le consideration of tiiis ahandoJiment of
retreat of the accuser. If there be yet duty to his constituents, Mr. Clay was
lef! in the Jackson ranks a single desire ; to be appointed Secretary of State,
fori ruth, or a spark of honest investi- ;&c.; and that said committee be au-
gation, thev shall be correctly informed thorized to send for persons and pa-
o'l t'iis subiect. I will ^tate the casclpersi!"

fairly, and appeal to their most intelli- 1 Now what is tiie purport of this
gent men for its truth, j resolution, and what bearing had it up-

f>et it be remembered that wiien ion the question bclbre the house? Mr.
Mr. t^lny marie his application for (he Clav had bren wantonly assailed in a
th ■appointmoitoflhecommittee,heput public newspaper, by a fellow member
enquiry upon the broadrsl i{rinind.s, and I of Congress. Insinuations and charges
chdlenged the mo.-t rigid and severe | of the blackest character had been
investigation. Mr. Kremer rose and j publicly circulated against him. Every
with a great show ofconfidcnce, accept- i bod V at ^Vashington <-ity, had"/»eor(f"
ed the issue. Tiie committee as al- them! True, they were couched in
readv staled, wa< appointed — finding tiie language of slander; but until Kre-

Mr. Kremer woulil not appear before
them, tiiey reported that lacl. and add-
ed, that ^^if thetj hnrw of invf reason
for the investigation,, the}i would have aslc-
cfl the horite to ciolhc them vilh llie ptm-cr

mer appeared in the "Columbian Ob-
srr.-cr,''' they had ai-sumed no tangible
shape, and could be traced to notli-
insi hut vague report. Mr. Clay appeal-
ed to the House to have a coniniittce

to send fir persons an"' papers.^'' It wits jjippointed to ixvESTioATK the truth or
previous to this, and during the discus- !t»ik mattep. — to ascertain whether In-
sion, in the house, of Mr; Clay's appli- wr.s •:^iiitti/ of the crimes with v.hich
cation for Ihe enqniru thai Mr. JIcDuf-j these ^insinuations and reports'^ had
fie f,.'eseein!X tiio event of the proceed- 1 cliargi'd him. But .Mr. .McDu|Vk'"> re-
ings and wisliing (o save Kronir from a >olntion had no such ol>ject in \iew. —
total prostralinn, both political and nior- It asked nothing of this kind. It pro-
al. introduced the resolution referred to, I posed to invest the co:i;tnittee with
as an amendni' It (o !hc one which was 'power to ascertain that which Mr

*' THE B.VRGAIN.'

1 01

Clay and his fn "nds admitted, viz: that
certain ca/umntmis slateincnls had heen
" made, hinted, reported, said, and believ-
ed.'''' It was not an investigation of this
sort that IMr. Clay sought. If it had
been proved by a thousand witnesses
that such hintf, i>isiiui(!lio)is and reports,
were in circulation, the question would
still return, arc they true? This was
the point, and the only point, he made
in his appeal to the house. He had
heard enough of reports aitd insimititiom
and was determined to bring the mat-
ter to a close, by an honest and open
investigation. He challenged these re-
porters of hints and nods to come to the
test. His promptness alarmed them
and interrupted their schemes. The
scape ^ont of the party, assumed at first
a bold frort, hut was obliged to yield
at last to the fate of all slanderers — the
contempt and indignation of all good
men. Mr. Clay's friends saw the oh- ^
jcct of Mr. McDuffie's resolution and fthe ocfwyfr had heard them »• INTIMA-

real object of this investigation) the pom
risht u-hich belongs to ezery individual
irhcn he is to be tried P'' Here then we
have a developement of the whole mat-
ter. Mr. Kremer, and 7iot Mi-. Clay,
was to be tried! Pray what was Mr.
Kremer to be tried for? Wli^', truly, to
ascertain whether he had not hcurd
certain slanders '■^hinted, reported and
«((VZ" against Mr. Clay — not whether
these tilings were true, but whether he
had not /iforrf them! ! Now was there
ever any thing more ridiculous, and
foreign to the real subject which was
in hand ! In the name of common sense,
what light would this kind of proceed-
ing have thrown upon the subject? —
Appoint a committee; — for what pur-
pose ! to try the truth of the charges
against Mr. Clay. Give them power
to send for persons and papers: — for
what purpose? Why really not to
prove the CHARGES, but to prove that

opposed it. It amounted to a mere
nullity, and was very properly and
honestly rejected, by a large majority
of the house. Now to make this mat-
ter perfectly plain, suppose the com-
mitte had been invested with the pow-
er desired. It is clear, they would

TED and REPORTED !!!•' Now, this
is the real state of the case. It was so
reported at the time, in the proceed-
ings of Congress; and yet it is said,
that 71//-. Clay shrunk from the investi-
gation! It is a base and malicious
slander, propogatcd by political knaves.

have been bound to pursue the pro- to gull the weak and the simple. The
visions and instruction of the reso/M/i'oH. I truth is, 3Ir. McDufiic found Kremer
In that case, they would have proceed- 1 in a difficulty. He had been impru-
ed to enquire whether this celebrated j dent in declaring, that he was ready to
charsje of "inrg-«m" had not been \pro-je what was not true, and what was
'^hinted, said, reported and believed !'' I never intended to be circulated, ex-
To this extent they would have gone, ' cept in '•^hints, reports and insinuations T
and no further. Supposing all this had , The efforts of the party were there-
been proved, that is, that it had been i fore exerted to relieve him. For this
HINTED, SAID, REPORTED and purpose they e/";Hg'f'///ieg-/-oi<,K/ o/.Vr.
BELIEVED, th;it a bargain had lieen Clay's application — made Kremer the
made ? Would this have reached the [)arty to be tried, and vainly hoped to

case proposed by IMr. Clay? Certainly
not. As I have already remarked, all
these ^^hinls and reports'^ were conceded
to be in circulation. It was to PROVE
THEIR TRUTH, and to bring the
vile retailers of such slanders to tlie
hook, that Mr. Clay made his appeal. —

succeed, by showing before the com-
mittee, that the poor wretch had pub-
lished nothing more in the -OnsF.RVKR,'
than what he had hcurd " hinted, re-
ported and said!!"'

I should not have dwelt so long up-
on this part of my subject, but for the

Neither he or his friend* would accept constant misrepresentation liy the Jack

of the contemptible (luibblc offered to
screen the accuser. But hear what
Mr. McDufhe further savs upon the
subject: "The oiiject of mv resolu-
tion," said he, is to accord to Mr. Kke-
.«ER, (who, and iv:t Mr. Clay, !s the

son party, of the nature and object oi
Mr. MrDuffie's resolution. Thousands
have believed that'.Mr. Clay recoiled
from the investigation. Thousands
have reported it, who knew to the con.
trarv, I have now slated tijo matter

102

' THE BARCVI.N."

fairlv. and piil it (o every honest man 1 have boon promptly disproved, both
to determine for him?elf, whether the 'by Mr. Burhaiiai and Mi. Mirklcy.
assertion is founded in truth? Even | Hi; fricuL-; however, it is ba.d. liist
Gen. JACKSON, in liis letler to tlie tampered with Mr. Adams, a;id ilien
public, has lent himseU" to this mi^er-;with Gen. .lackson, ai:d tiidiiig ihc
ai)le and contemiJlible misrepresenta-j latter would make no terms, /Aoh Mr.
tion! He says that Mr. Clay is " re- 1 Clay closed with the former, and re-
joice/that a specific accusation, bya|Ceived as the reward of liis vote and
responsible accuser has at lensxth a[)-i influence, tlie office of Secretary of
pcared."' Then referring to the reso- 1 stale." I think 1 iiave stated the
lution, he says: ^ ilcovercfl more sromifll charge fully and fairly: — now Ictus
than his communicalion to Brzerlry!" — examine it.

Again: '-More than two years ago, an| In the first place, if this vile talc be
ncai^er respectable, and an occ«,w/?'o« correct more than /a-cn/y gentlcmeti of
snro'/ic. were both before him'."' Thus Congress have prrjimd themselves',
he goes on through two or three para- For in order to make the charge at all
"raphs, allc'ging in substance, that plausible, it is alleged, that Mr. Clay"?
IVIr. Clay and his friends avoided the frirnils and coUcapies were iniluenced
investigation! Yet General Jackson by him to vote for Mr. Adams'. A
is represented by his supporters as a -great maiorit\ of these nave unequivo-
man of f/iscfJ HWic;!/, integrity, and hon- cally and soicmidy staled, that tlicy
our! After the exposition given of the 'were nol thus iiifluc .ced,and ib.at tiicy
resolution, comment upon the Gener- knew nothing of (he matter. Now what
al's assertions is unnecessary. They a stra'ige and improbable case is here
betray great ignorance and stupidity, presented? Certainlv Mr. Clay n/onc,
or a want of candour in every way de- could not have elected Mr. Adams! —
rogatory to the character of a gen- He might have given his vote in any
tleman. i manner he chose, & still it would have

The failure so pr.ive the '-ioririi'i," been the vote of a single man. How
and tlie nioitificaiion which attended then is the pretended bargain made
it, |irovoked the op|)onent5 of Mr. Clay out? Would .Mr. Adam~ intrigue with
to many a< ts of hostility, which at pre- Mr. Clay and promise him the second
sent, I shall forbear to notice. I pass oflice in tlie government merely for one
therefore to his late address to the pub- voiel Surely not. To get on with the
lie, and to some documents accompa- 'charge then, Mr. Clay"s/n'f/i'/« must of
nying it, which have also been tiie necessity be brought into the account,
subject of much misrepresentation. — But these have declared that he said not
The eilrnt and nnturr of the charge a word to them about it, and many of
against Mr. Clay, I believe is well un- them did not know how he intended to
derstood. The slander has been so of- vote himself. Are they all foresworn?
ten repeated by the Jacksonians, so Has it come to thi-, that twenty or
widely extended and circulated, that thirty men, members of Congress. cFk»-
cvcvy inhabit.int, even in the most oh- 1 sen from the bosom of the people, and
secure parts of tlie union, must have noted heretofore for their talents and
heard it over and over again. But for integrity, will perjure themselves? For
the purpose of comment, I will here re- , what purpose? Setting aside all mor-
pcat it. I al considerations, what had they to

In substance the charge is tliis: — ^nin? 1 appeal now to honest, consid-
■•That Mr. Clay went to Washington jerate men; not to the Simpsons, the
( itv, and after learning that he would ' Greens, and the Dawsons of the day.
not be one of the tiiree highest candi- j liiit tohonestnien, what had these pcr-
dates returned to the liouge."/jc/'/ /(/m- 1 sons to yain? Did they seek ollice?
arlfin ri:<mi" in order to make Uie best No. Have they rei eived office ? No:
arrnigemint he could for himself. It is! not a single man of them! What then,
not alleged he said or did any thing j I repeat, had they to gain? Surely
pr.rsonalli/ in the business, except by! nothing. If these men, therefore, have
Oeneral' Jackson, and his assertions spoken tlie truth, and v.cr? not indu-

'• Tin; BAn<JAIN."

H»3*

eiicfcd by Mr. Cliiv, llie "bargain" falls ( furtlier. 1 will only ndd, that such is
to tl-.e grouiiil ; for his single votcltiicir rfputation at homo and abroad,
wo'ild have been of no avail. On the tliat no hoiicsl man dare <)iiestiori tiii-ir
conlrarv, if thev mere inllueiiced by him, veracity. For all the pur|)oscs of truth,

tliey have all .piijured themselves,
and thi; too, wiJiuiU mo'ive or re-
ward! Men do : ot act in this way. —

I niiiiht here ro^l the arjiumcnt; for, if
Mr. Cia\ had detenuintd to \[>te for
Mr. Adams, there could cerlainiv be

None but kuavcs and fool> will citlier i no reason for the supposed bargain.

circulate,, or believe, that tiiey do.
Review the subject. Mr. Clay made
n "corrupt bargain" with Mr. Adams,

But 1 proceed still lurlher.

General Lafayette, a man whom we
all prize for his exalted character, and

for a thing lie had hecn olFered, but j especially for.liis services to our toun-
would i.ot take, before, and which he try, is a witness on this occas-ion. If
and al! liis frici.ds, and even many of his ; the Ja< ksonians will not believe liim,
ENEMIES k.'iew ai.d granted lie mii,'ht they would not believe, though one rose
veceive, if he would^ wiihout a si:>gle from ttic dead! He says, in answer to
effort! VViiy then should he bargain i Mr. Clay's letter to him, in substance
for it? But furtlier, twenty or thirty as follows: "In the latter end of De-
of his friends, elected from ditrere!it|ccml)er, you being out of the Prosiden-
parts ofllie -country, of ditlcrent views tial candidature, I allowed myself to
in polities and religio:', accountable to put toyou a simple,unqualilied(iueslioii
God and their (ountrv, for the ho lest i respecting vour ehctioieering f^ntcs^
and faithful discharge of their duties, i and YOUR INTENDED VDTE.—
.\LL roxsriRE i\ I'ROiriTUTiNO ANU PER- j Your an? wer was, t!;at in \our o|)iiiion,
3URING themselves! a:'d for what pur- j the actual state of health of Mr. Craw-
pose? Why,really, to ort.mn for Mr. ford had limited the contest to a choice
Clay an office he could have had ; between Mr. Adams and Gen. Jackson;
WITHOUT THEIR AssisTAN'CK ! ! Can any '• that a claim fouivkd on military achitve-
nian, in his senses, believe a tale so ut- 1 meiit did not meet your prrfi-rencc, and
lerlv destitute of all human reason ' Mr// YOU HAD CONCLUDED TO
to support it? I have thus far pro- j VOTE FOR MR. ADA.MS"! This
i-eeded upon the grounds as assumed conversation took place between Gen.
bv Mr. Clay's opponents: I will now Lafayette and Mr. Chiy wliile the Ge-
attend to other matters. [ nerai was in tliis country in 1 824. Now,

The ciiarge alleges that Mr. Clay what are we to make of it! Has the
held himself "in reserve — th.ai through good Lafayette lent himself to the'"6f/r-
the medium of his friends, he bartered gun"? Has he also perjured himself?
v.iih both parties," &,c. &,c. Now, it | For 1 coiisider cvvry man as morally
it can be shown, that he had deter- [ gu'lty of perjury, who will tell an un-
niiucd to vote for Mr. Adams in pre- i truth upon any serious and important
ferencc to Jackson ichik he himself. v-as I occasion. Mr. Clay, then, had formed
a candidate, and before, and after, he ; and expressed his determination to vote
went on to AVashington, the whole ! lor Mr. Adams long before the election
charge must fall to the ground. For ' took pl;>ce, or all these witnesses, in-
this purpose, let facts be submitted. — i eluding Lafayette, are guilty of the
As early as November, 1024, it is tea- ; most wanton and unpardonable false-
tified by a number of respectable gen- 1 hoods! Will any man believe a con-
tlemcn, and among th m Dr. Drake ' elusion so monstrous, and derogatory
and John J. Crittenden, Esq., that Mr. I to human nature? Where, then, is
Clav declared, that in a contest be- the "/wrn-sm".'' where the •'cornyj/Zon".-'
tween Adams and Jackson, he should i where the '• i-«f;-r,'' or holding back
unhesitatingly vote for the former — to see '■'ivho 7C0iiid pay best"? The
nav, he declared that he could not ro/c' charge and the proof ca:. not lioth stand
for Gcn.Jaclcson under any circumstances J iof^cUier. One or the other must be
The communications of these gentle- ' given up. and I submit it to tlie public
men arc before the public, and it isjto determine the matter for lhrn\-
unnecessary at present to notice them' selvei. But one word further.

lui

• TJIE BABGAIN.

■ JACKSO.VS <IV1L QUALIFICATIONS.

Col. Thomas H. Benton, a politic.-il j
enemy of i\Ir. Clay, and a warm sup-
porter ofGcn. Jackson, in a letter da- :
ted at Washington city, the 7tliof last
December, says: "/ iras infonnfd by
Mr. Clay irx the fore pari of December,
1824, THAT HE INTENDED TO
VOTE FOR MR. ADAMS-".! 1
would pul)Hsh tlic whole letter, hut it
would swell this communication which
is already longer than I intended. —
But in another place Mr. Benton,
says'. — ^"Since that period and e>pe-
ciallv during the last summer, I have [
on several occasions, and sometimes in '■
the presence of political opponents,:
when the course of conversation led ,
me to it, mentioned Tchal f kiicu- of .Mr.'.
Clay^s early intention to vote fur Mr. i
Adams.'^ I will not remark upon Mr.
Benton's long and unaccountable si-
lence npon a subject so itUcresting to
Mr. Clay and upon account of which
ho was daily recieving the most unpar-
alleled and wanton abuse. But I ask
the Jacksonians,ifthcy will not believe
the witnesses produced by Mr. Clay,'
to believe their own. This they are [
bound to do bv every principle of hon j
or and of justice. VViiat then can they ,
make of it? Connect it with the tes- 1
timony of those already mentioned, and j
what does it prove? Does it prove,
that Mr. Clay was guilty of the '•'bar-'
^ain"} No. Does it prove that he
held himself in '-rfscnc'' till just l)efore|
the election? No. Does it sulistan-j
tiate the statement made by General '
.Fackson in reference to his suppositions ;
in the case? No. It prov-cs directly'
the reverse. It shows that Mr. Clay,
though he did not publis'.i it in the'
Ncwspa[)ers, nor j)roclaim it in th(»^
Capitol, had determined to \ote for Mr. |
Adams, and that he had so declared ;
himself to a great numberof his friends, j
At the time of tliese declarations he
liadncllher motive nor opportunity to;
bargain with Mr. Adams. He wasj
himself a candidate and spoke of his i
intention as predicated upon liie rela-
tive characters and fitness of the two
men between whom a choice was to bei
made. The story fif ''bargain and sale;
is but a nev.' version of the old charge
of corrupt coalition" priorto the elec- j
Mon of the college--. T!ie crv then'

was, that Mr. Clay and Mr. Crarrfonl
were intriguing together. The Jack-
son prints were full of plots aud < ounter-
plots, in all which Mr. Clay was
tlie chief manager. At last the day
arrived, and all ti.eir schemes wcre'ex-
}doded,as in that case so in the present,
the mig'iiiness of truth must prevail!

In conclusion I have a word to say
to the Jackson Editors. Why have
they not pu!)lished the letter of Col.
Benton and Ge.eral Lafayette? I have
no recollectio ■ of seeing either of them
in a single Jackson paper in the U''ion!
Ouuht not this circumstance to puttlie
people on their guard? Siialla promi-
lient citizen of the United States, be ac-
cused of the basest corruption and
then be denied the privilege of defence?
Aiid what better is it, than a denial.
when the Press through which the
slander wao circulated refuses to pub-
lish the refutation? What is there in
these two letters that makes it neces^
sary to witlihold them from the Jack-
son coninmnitv? I answer, they con-
fain a tiiumphant vindication of Mr.
Clay, .ind show him to liave been an
injured and persecuted man. I ask
therefore, the people to read and ex-
amine for themselves — they have no
interest in being deceived, and I am
confiderit tiiat investigation will lead
them to the truth.

JACKSON'S

cnni QUAx^xF catzons.

The ha|'pv government under which
we live, is singnlarl} unique in its cha-
racter, prolbund in its general provi-
sions, complicated in its details. It
was established in an age extraordinary
for its moral and political ca>t, and by
a class of men, distinijuished for tlicir
virtue, their wi.-dom, and the sternness
of their patriotism. Designed to em-
brace several provinces, this form ol
gnvernmenf was necessarily the result
of compromise, in order that these pro-
vinces might he induced to unite in a
general confederacy. Tlie.<c different
provinces, or states .i-s they wore subse-
<|uenth called, lying in dilfercnt lati-
tudes, v.itli separate, and in many in-

JACKSON'S ClVn. QUALlFICATIOJtS.

les

stances, opposite interests, could only
be brought together by a surrender of
some, and a partial modification of ma-
ny of the various interests and opinions
by which they were severally distm-
guished. It is, moreover, a government
of checks and balances. To preserve
the integrity of the proposed union, it
became necessary to clothe the general
government with power. To secure
the independence of tlie state sovereign-
ties, it was necessary to limit that pow-
er. Within certain boundaries, eacli
is independent; beyond these, neither
can exercise any control without a vio-
lation of those fundamental principles
upon which the union was established.
'• VVliatsocver is of domestic concern-
ment, unconnected with other mem-
bers of the union, or with foreign lands,
belongs exclusively to the administra-
tion of the state governments. AVhat-
soever directly involves the rights of
the federative fraternity, or of foreign
powers, is the resort of this general
government. The duties of both arc
obvious in the general principle, though
sometimes perplexed with difficulties
in the detail."

Our government is one, deriving its
very existence from, and upheld by, the
will of the people. It is not a govern-
ment of power, where the sword and
the purse are relied upon to ensure it~
permanency at home, or among the
nations of the world. Based as it is,
upon the will of the people, and depen-
dent for its perpetuity upon their virtue
and intelligence, not less than the in-
tegrity and ability with which it is con-
ducted, the difficulties altciidant upon
its administration are numerous and
complicated.

To preserve our amicable relations
■witii other powers, and thus secure to
the citizens of the United States, not
only the blessings of peace, I)Ut the ad-
vantages of commercial intercourse, is
a matter of the highest moment, and
can only be accomplished by placing
the executive functions in tlve hands of
those, who po>'sess a profound know-
ledge of the policy and intricate rela-
tions of those powers. It is true, that
all treaties made bv the i" resident, mnst
be ratified by the Senate; but in this
vr.ry circumstance thi^rc is a powerful

reason why the Executive should be
possessed of (he proper qualitications
for forming such treaties as will meet
the wisdom of tlie Senate; inasmuch
as tlie national character and tlie na-
tional interests may often be seriously
impaired iiy the disappointment and
delay attending the rejection of a t reaty
by that body. Whether viewed as it
regards the condition of the state go-
vernments, the exercise of the powers
delegated in relation to commerce, re-
venue, internal improvement and the
protection of home industry, or w!ie-
ther contemplated in its extended and
multifarious foreign relations, it is e-
qually obvious, that a successful ad-
ministration of the government of the
United States requires great political
experience, talents and wisdom. It
may indeed be questioned, whether
any station can be pointed out, requi-
ring in the performance of the duties
incident to it, a greater exercise of the
moral and intellectual eneri^ies of a
public officer, than is necessary in dis-
charging the functions appertaininf; to
the Presidency of the United States.

Talents of the highest grade, deve-
loped by a long course of stud\. — fm-
bracing within its range civil polity,
the law of nations, and particularly the
svstem whicli has grown out of the
federation of the United States, ;i;id the
republics of the South, conjoiiied with
prudence, moral intrepidity and deci-
sion of character, comprise a portion of
tlie requisites in a Chief Magistrate of
this country. An individual may be
qualified in an eminent degree for tiic
performance of the duty of a Secretary
at War, but it would by no means follow
that he is prepared for that of the Pre-
sidency. He may be intimately ac-
quainted with the general arrange-
ments and minute details of tlie navy,
or he may be an able financier, and pre-
side with dignity to himself and honor
to the nation over the Treasury depart-
ment, and yet be found unqualified for
the discharge of the duties belonging
to the executive chair. These are pro-
position":, which may be so readily com-
prehended, that they need not be en-
forced by argument or illustration. It
is useless, therefore, to dwelt longer on
this part of Ibr' subiect-.
O

lOfi

JACKSOS'S CIVIL (iUALIFICATlONS.

When a candidate for the hi?h office
of Prfsidetit is presented to the com-
munity, cither by himself or a portion
of hi? fellow citizen;, it becomes ar) im-
perative duty tiuit tlic people of the
United States should institute an in-
<|uiry of the mo*t rigid kind into liis
claims and qualilications to the ollvce,
and having divested tiieuisohes of both
prejudice and prepossession, to decide
Avith a single referetice to the giK)d of
the country. It is a question in which
no feeling of personal consideration, nor
pas-ion, nor gratitude, unless for ci\il
services, should ever be suffered to min-
§](.; Sti rn patriotism should bring the
claims of the asjiirant to the proper
standard, and love of country should
be the only principle of decision. In
the present canvas? for a Chief Magis-
trate two candidates a-e before the
people. They are from different sec-
tions of the Union, possess different
qualitications, and are respectively sup-
ported from different feelings and with
opposite views. Without embarking
at present in the question of the quali-
fications of the one who is now the in-
cum'jent of the Presidential chair, it is
my purpose to bring those of his com-
petitor to the test, and endeavor to as-
certain whether they arc of that kind
wliich entitle the possessor to a prefer-
ence over 3Ir. Adams, and whether, in-
deed, the former lias under any circum-
stances a legitimate claim to the office.
If it can be demonstrated that he has
not, it becomes a sacred duty to oppose
his elevation by all honorable means.

Throughout the whole of the pro-
tracted eiri)rt to secure the elevation of
General Jackson to the Presidency,
notwith?la;iding the warm and infuria-
ted zeal of a large part of his support-
ers, 1 have never yet, met with an
indi\i(hial who would so far hazard
his character for candouras to say, that
/'(id Gfitcn:! Jnfk.tdit unt foiij^hl ihc but-
tle ofjVr.i) Orleans, or had fu- been iiri-
swccasfitl in that e))i:;(ii;cmenl, he eper
ivonld luive been thoii£;lil of, mueh less se-
riously urged upon tlu: jlmcriean people,
(IS a candidate for the Presidency. 1
wish to be di>tinctlv understood on
this point : it is an important one, and
1 design to urge witli some considerable
'arne-lncss Ibe ded'Jctions wliicli mav

be drawn from it. I then ask, whether
it will be seriously urged, that if Gen.
Jackson had been defeated on the plains
of New r,rleans he would now be a
candidate for the Prcsidenc}. 1 do
not hesitate to make the assertion thai
no one of his followers who values the
character ofa landid, sensible man. « ill
risk his reputation by an affirmative
answer. It then resolves itself into tliif,
tliat a single successful battle, is suffi-
cient toqual'fy a man for the high civil
duties inseparably connected with the
office of the Chief magistracy of the
Union. This is a simple deduction
from (he premises and one from which
the (bllowers of General Jackson can-
not escape. It does but little credit it
is true to theirjudgment, but it neces-
sarily fastens upon them, and I feel no
hesitancy in making the application.

Now admitting for the sake of argu-
ment, and it is oidy for that purpose
that I am willing to make that admis-
sion, that in gaining the battle of New-
Orleaii", General Jackson displayed all
the requisites of a great and skillful
rommander; — that his generaUhip on
tluit memoraiile dav entitles him. to a
rank among the distinguished warriors
of aiicient and modern times, and that
it had not been for him, defeat would
have ensued, and the city have fallen
into the hands of the enemy, and what
docs it avail his followers? By what
system of logic will they seek to provi
his civil qualihcations from the <act that
he has led his countr\-men to victory '
Now it is contended that a man may be
eminently qualified for the camp, that
'i he mav possess bravery, coolness and
l'()rtitu<le, that he may be gifted with
the |)owor of winning the love of his
soldiers, prove himsellanabic tactician,
and be possessed of that energy of
character which prepares him Ibrevery
emergencv, and notwithstanding all
these exalted endowments he may bo
wholh unprepared to comprehend the
ci\il polity of his country, much less to
take cliarge of the helm of State, which
is to guide it to ruin or glory. So. on
the contrarv, a wise and accomplished
civilia;i might entirely fail in makinir a
successful military commander. One
could lose an arniv, the other destroy
!iiscount'"v.

JACKSON'S CIVIL QUALIFICATIOXS.

10)

But it is said liy some of the sup-
portei-s of (ten. Jackson, that althougli
ho is only tolerably qualified as a ci-
vilian, yet such have Keen his military
services, that from a feeling of grulitude,
we are hounti io support his claims to
the Presidency. Has it then come to
this? Is gratitude for a successful
campaign to confer on a mere soldier,
the highest civil otlice in the gift of the
people? Heaven forbid. When that
period arrives, the funeral pyre of the
liberties of our country will be lighted
up, and the shout of applause announc-
ing the elevation of a Military Chieftain
to itie executive chair of this republic,
will be the knell of its freedom. If
there be yet an uncancelled debt of
gratitude for the military services of
Gen. Jackson, let it be liquidated. I
only oppose its being paid by his elec-
tion to a civil otfice, the duties of which,
I believe him unable to discliarge. If
the General still have claims upon his
country, let a golden statue be erected
to him at the Capitol, — let the national
cotTers be laid open to his grasp, and let
tliose whose breasts are heaving with
these violent emotions of gratitude,
harness themselves to the car of the
Hero, and drag him in triumph through
the land; but spare, oh spare, the tem-
ple of liberty, from the reckless violence
of a Military Chieftain.

It has been remarked, that if Gen.
Jackson had not fought tlie battle of
New-Orleans, he would not have been
a candidate for the Presidency. Let
us recur to this subject and test the
truth of the proposition. Gen. Jack-
son has been placed under such cir-
cumstances, during a large portion of
his lile, that he has possessed every
opportunity for a display of genius and
attainments. Such indeed have been
the stations filled by him, that it is the
fairest of all possible deductions, to be-
lieve that his greatest etforts have been
made, and lii.s most masterly di^plays of
learning and greatness called tbrlh.

The Profession of the Law in this
country, is more than any other, the
road to civil preferment, and the best
school for the attainments necessary to
'"onstitutc an eminent civilian. Gen.
Jackson is a lawyer, but without that
distinction as one, which elevates him

above mediocrity. I cannot, therefore
Iromhis legal career, draw any conclu-
sions favorable to his fitness for the'
Presidency.

Gen. Jackson was a member of the
Convention which formed the Constitu-
tion of Tennessee, but I am unable to
ascertain that his fame is connected
with that instrument, or that his parti-
cipation in its formation affords the
smallest evidence of his talenfs, nor
even of his republican feelings.

Gen Jackson has been twice a Sena-
tor in Congress, a station affording a
fine theatre for the display of tliose
qualifications more particularly requis-
ite in the discharge of the duties of the
office to which he now aspires; but I
have sought in vain for any thing more
than a silent vote, while a member of
that august assembly.

Upon the bench of the Supreme
Court there was ample opportunity for
the exercise of juridical learning and
talents; but I am not apprised that his
decisions are ever referred to, nor is
the name of Jackson to be found in con-
nection with any of the judicial authori-
ties that are daily cited in our courts
of justice.

Am I referred to his acts while Gov-
ernor of Florida for evidences of his
qualifications in civil atTairs? I re-
member, among other things connected
with the exercise of the functions ap-
pertaining to that office, that Con-
gress passed a law, to relieve the in-
habitants of Florida from some of the
oppressive ordinances under which he
left them groaning.

These are some of the offices which
Gen. Jackson has successively filled.
They were all speedily resigned. His
biographer and bosom friend, gives
us the impressive fact, that Gen. Jack-
son assigned as a reason for his resig-
nation of several of these offices, that
he felt his own incompetency for the
discharge of the duties incident to
them. And yet we are gravely told
that Gen. Jackson is qualified for the
Presidency!

But, say the advocates of Gen, Jack-
son, if he be elected, he will call to his
Cabinet the best talents of the nation.
This is a pre?umption contradicted by
the whole history of hi- life. No man

lOA

JACKSON'S CIVIL QrALIFICATIONS.

perhaps, is more under the influence] relerencc to the secretaries tliat tlii*
of -trong pa-sions than Gei). Jackson,; duty was to be performed? The same
and :ione more accu>tomed to form is required in regard to the various com-
etri.ge associations with individuals munications from our ministers at for-
tiian tiimself. It would hence be a i eign courts and from the resident min-
siuzular course of induction, to con-jisters of other powers at our court,
elude that in filling offices he would i With a weak executive, having duties
lav aside all prepossessions for and to perform, such as have been fechly
against his friends and his enemies. i pointed out, what would he the result?
He may, or lie may not; tiie weight of 1 1 ask if the objections to General Jack-
evidence is certaiidv against his doing] son's want of qualifications is sufficient-
so: but for ihe sake of argument let il ily answered in the fact of his havi'ig
be gra'it'.^d, that, if elected. Gen. Jack- 1 around some able Secretaries? To
SO' v/iU rail to iiis aid the best taleiits'my plain understandin.; it is not. On
of I le country. Wiiat will the admis itiie contrary I should infer, that wiih-
si avail iii the present argument? ou* an able Executive, there might be
I V' 11 examine this matter, and evdea- something to appreheid from having
V'nto give a simple illustration of it. men of very di-linguished abilities con-

T')e members of the cabinet may be nectcd with the Cabinet,
sa d to perform, in regard to the Prcsi- I am not laboring for the purpose of
d< .i.whut the senses ofthe body perform I meeting the declamation of dema-
for t le brain. . Tlie sense of touch niav ! gogues, nor is autjlit expected but con-
be acute, the eye, the ear, and the I lumeU from those supporter- of Gener-
ta?te, may all be good and exercise al Jackson, whose only argument in fa-
their various functions in the most per- Ivor of his election, consi-ts in shouting,
fe t ma.iner, Imt unless the capacity of hurra for the hero of New-Orleans. 1
the head be such as to enable the brain I would address myself to the sober and
to arrange and combine tlie impres-tliinking portion of his advocates, those
giohs carried to it, it matters tiol iiow , who are searching for the truth, and

well these se:ises may have performed
the duties assigned them in the econo-
my of human life. It is not o'lly neces-
sary that t'lere should exist the inteUi
gei'ce for deciding upon the accuracy
oi'tlie rt^port made by otie of the sen-
ses, but upo I the correctness of all of
tli'-m. Nor is this all. There must
ai-o be the capacity of combining tliem:
Doticiencie- inu>i he supplii'd, redun-
da' cies lopped oflT, ai.d such modifica-
tions made as will promote the union,
harmony, and integrity of all the parts.

arc willing to be guided by it. If tlie
positions and conclusions here enforced
be incorrect, I ask from tliis class their
refu ation. If the duties appertai'ing
to the office of President, or the talents
required for the performance of them,
be overdrawn, it mav be easih poi ted
out. If the civil qualitications of Gen.
Jackson are such as to enable him to
discharge those duties with credit to
Himself, and advantage to the countrV;,
the proofs of it are urgently demanded.
It is believed that no man can live to

Siich are the iTidi'-tructible relations j the age of .-ixiv vears, and successively
between the ditfirent members of the ! fill the civil offices which have been
Cabinet and the President. He must 1 conferred on Gen. Jackson, if he be
h ive i'lielliiiCDce to enable him to pre- truly a t;reat man, without leaving be-
side.overall the departments of his ca- hind him tlie wav-maiksof iiis towering
biiu't, — to keep each within its proper tnhnts. of his uncommon attainments,
sphere, — to pass, if necessary, upon tlie i In vain may the vestiges of (he Gen-
de'fiilsof each in all itsmuliipllid ram- ieral's greatness he soiisiht for, — having
ilii alioi.s. — and fi.nally to adju^t the re- 1 no existence, thev will never be foufid.

por:-- troni eacii, in fiich a manner as
■whili; it accords wiili the spirit of our
Constitution! and tlie genius of tlicGin-
crnmcnt, will most eU'eclually promote
tlie happinex- of the people and the
-glory of the nation. W as it alone in

If General Jackson would ha\ebeen
taken up for the pre.-idency, were his
name not associated with the battle of
New Orleans, it is certainly susceptible
of some species of d"n1on^t^atioll, and
au important benefit will be cojifcrrcd

JjlCKSON'S ClVlt QUAMPICATTONS.

14)9

ypon the public by having the proofs ; lithe violent and nne;overiiable tem"
('xliibited. This nc-cd not be expected,! per, which has marked his whole life»
for no such proofs are iii existence. 1 was called up, -hurra lor (he Hero of
deny thai tlie wliole ranks of his sup two wars,"' has been shouted in re-
portei-s can furnisii a solitary individu- 1 ply.

al with the hardiiiood to venture the If GencralJnckson's disregard of the
declaratioM, that he tiad contemplated constitution and the laws of his coun-
GeiiCral Jackson before the battle of try, which has characterised most of
l^ew Orleans, as destined to preside the public ads of his life, was adduced
over the councih of the nation at an> as an o!>jection (o his elevation, it has

future time. 1 deny that from tiic pe-
riod of the battle which conferred dis-
tinction upon the General, down to the
present time, any thing has occurred in
his career, calculated to make him a
prominent man for the office to which
hi? inordinate ambition now prompts
him to aspire.

I appeal to the candour of every man
ofboth parties to say, what were his
impressions when he first heard of the
nominations of Gen. Jackson for the
Pi\ sidoncy which were made in one
oi the Western counties of Peim-
sylvani;i and in Tennessee. Where is
tile individual who did not consider
those nominaliotjs as importing notliing
more than a compliment to the Gener-
al's military services? And why were
these impressions univessal. Simply

beei> met by pointing signilicantly to
"the plains of Is'ew Orleans."

If tiiosc wlio "cannot look upon blood
and carnage with composure,"' have
raised their voices against a military
Chieftain, who both in public and in
private has manifested a carelesssicss
of human life, and has rather sought
tlian avoided tlu; blood of his fellow
ciiizcns, their ears have been astound-
ed by the shout of "gratitude to the de-
fender of the booty and beauty of New-
Orleans."

If the question be here asked why
should we elect Gen. Jackson? we are
met by tlie resistless argument, "he is
the Saviour of his country, because he
saved New Orleans" ! !

Those persons who are determined
to put down the administration right or

because no man entertained the belief! wrong, the opponents of internal im-
that the qualifications of General Jack- ! provement and the protection of domes-
son were such as to qualify him for the ' tic industry, the disappointed otficc

hunters and noisy demagogues of the
nation, have arra} ed themselves under
tiie banner of the " Hero of two
and shouted hosannahs to his

Presidency. These tirst impressions
were the correct ones, and must still be
entertained by candid, reflecting minds.
Other nominations followed those re-
ferred to. Some of the partizans of | name, until a feeling of enthusaism has
the other candidates, in order to favor seized upon all those wl\ose capacities
their respective leaders.promoted these enable them to comprehend the mean-
demonstrations, by dwelling upon the ing of the word /jf////c; and has also borne

wars,"

military renown of the General, a mat-
ter which addresses itself more direct-
ly to the passions of the great mass of
mankind than any other; and thus was
commenced the tide of popular clamor
in his favor.

If the superior claims of his compel

down the discretion and good sense of
a large number of worthy and respecta-
ble citizens. Where it will carry the
nation and when it will subside cannot
be predicted. It is a flame the pro-
gress of whicli it is not easy to resist,
sets at defiance l)oth reason and

gress
for it

itors were mentioned, it was imme- . judgment, and appeals directly to the
diately met by the reply that "the passions; it spreads like the wild fire
General is a second Washington, he i which occasionally overruns our forests
has saved his country." ]an"d savannas, and like that must run.

If his want of civil qualifications was ' perhaps, its course in defiance of hu-
urged against liis election, the unan-j man agency. Its duration cannot he
swerable replv was tjiven "Gen. Jack- 1 long, but in its progress, it may scathe
son whipped the British at New Or- 1 tl»e noblest institutions which freedom
leans." 'has ever erected^ and consume in its>,

110

" EXTERMINATION.'

desolnting inarch, those who, like the
huntfTs of the pniirie, have wantonly
applied the torch. Manlius.

" E^TERJWINATION."

"■This morning xve killed sixteen."'

If General Jackson is a man of cor-
rect and honorable feelings, is it not
remarkable that his offici il as well as
private life should he conne( ted with
so many acts of inhumanity and vio-
lence? Is he charged improperly? if
so, he is one of the most unfortunate
men in existence. For there is hardly
a transaction m which he was ever en-
gaged, that does not present sometiiing
of questionable policy, if not of direct
and barbarous outrage. Were I here
to enumerate them, they would present
a catalogue of dark and bloodv deeds,
shocking to humanity and sutlicient to
appal the stoutest heart. But I shall
refer to but a single instance, ^and to
Gen. Jackson's own account of it.

In 1814, the General proceeded a-
gainst an Indian village situated at the
hend of the Tallaponsie. It contained
about a thousand Indians, and, in his
own language, with their squnvs and
children " running about among their
huts."' In a letter, dated the 28th of
March, 1814, to Gen. Pinckney, Gen.
Jackson gives the Ibllowing account of
his plans and operations:

"DETERMINING TO EXTER-
MINATE them, I detached General
Coffee with the mounted men ai d near-
ly the whole of tiic Indian force, early
on the morning of yesterday, to cross
the river aliout two miles below llie
cncampment^and to surround the bend
in such a mSliner as that none of them
should escape hy attempting to cross
the river."' He then says: •'■ Fiir huii
drcrl and fiPi/-.-fn.Tn were left dead on
the Penii;siila, and a great number of
them 7ccrc killed In/ ihr liorsemrn in at-
lempling to rroas the rivrr. until we wkre

FREVENTED BY THi; NIGHt! WE CON

TINUED TO DESTROY wonv of
ihnn iiiho hail amrruled themselves imdrr
the hrinks rf llie rivi r,\\u\\\ wo were iire-
venfedbvUienicht. THIS MORNING

WE KILLED SIXTEEN, WHICH
HAD BEEN CONCEALED"!!

Now this is Gen. Jackson's own ac-
count of a transaction, which for cold-
blooded cruelty is not exceeded in tiie
annals of the most relentless and 5a\age
warfare. •' Determimxg to extermi-
nate"' them, he fell upon these poor
deluded and half starved wretches with
all the ferocity of the tiger; nor did he
stay his hand, so long as a tremlding
victim of his vengeance could be found.
Do we carry on wars oi exierminulion?
Do we butcher in cold blood? Will
a Christian people sutTer a public agent
to "exterminate."' without regard to
age, sex or condition, even the misera-
ble remnant of a tribe of native Ameri-
cans? Did not the imperious Spaniard
hunt with blood-hounds the fugitive
Mexicans, and has not all posterity
cursed liim for the inhuman and bloody
deed? How much better are we? One
would suppose it was a sufficient hard-
ship for a humane man, to be obliged to
destroy at one time five hundred hu-
man beings! But this was not a suffi-
cient olfering of blood. The wretciud
fugitives from slaugiiter were pursued
to the caves and bank«, were dragged
from their hiding places, and were cut
down the next day, like beasts of the
forest. How many women and chil-
dren were sacrificed in this fatal war of
"extermination,"" heaven only knows;
and I pray God, for the honor of the
American name, it may never be known!
Was this foul deed like Washington,
like William Peiui, like Franklin, like
the good Lal'ayette, or like any other
great and good man? Had we not
mingled in the poor Indians" cup of af-
fliction enough of l)itterness and blood-
shed? Was it reserved for Jarkson.
after we had driven them from forest
to forest, from river to ri\(r. iVom the
Atlantic ;ilninst to the foot of the Rocky
mountains, to commence upon their en-
I'eebled tribes a war of " extermina-
tion"? He. who can look with com-
posure upon such blood and carnage,
and avow the intention above quoted,
is unlit for any civil station in a free
ceunlry. I know the Indians are a
snl)tle and a cruel foe; but they are
men. and sliould be treated as men. 1

A I)RA9IA.

II]

coiiolude with an oxlrcncl (Vom a Balti-
more paper on tiie same subject.

"We ask you to p;iuse iind reflect that tlie a-
bove tragic narr:>tioii olcold-bloodod and luer-
cilcss cruelty, i* tukcn froru an ollicial comimi-
nicationniaiie by General Andrew Jackscni, —
and that alter being the chief actor in this de
testable butchery, and so fixing an indelible
stain upon the character olourceuntry, lor hu-
ina ity, he has the hardihood to ask those
whom he thus dishonoii'ti, to lend themselves to
his ambitious purposes, anti by their sanction oT
hi- ronduct to adopt it as their own. We all
recrdlect the sensation created tlmmghout this
land when we heard thiit at the battle ot'tlie riv-
er flasin, our countrymen h.d been murdered by
the joio,'c allies of England, while Britons Inok
ed on without raising an arm to rescue from the
tomahawk and scalping-knife, those wlio had
sprung from the same stock as themselves. We
recollect that the vengeance of this nation was
then invokeil against the British, fur <|uietly
overlooking those horrid transactions, the reci-
tal of which had filled every breast v/ith un-
speakable sorrow andinilignation. If the Brit-
ish were -o justly censured, ami that they were
so, no one will attempt todeny, how much more
so was GeneralJackson: — thry plead in exten-
tiation of their crying sin, tiiat, the Indians
being so much more numerous than their own
troops, they cnuld not control them; not so can
plead General Jackson — he has nothing to of-
ler in palliation of hi* outrage upon hniuanity :
nor does he attempt to conceal his monstrous de-
termination "/oeiiTOTinaff" the miserable race
exposed to his fury. His crime was commissive
—that of the British emissive; they, perhaps,
left undone what they ought to have done; but
he absolutely did what he ought not to have
done.

l-.et us recapitulate: — The General, after
sleeping (with what composure we cannot say)
through the nitrht ensuing the tragedy we speak
of, awoke in the morning, surrounded bw the
corpses of " five hundred and seventy" Icllow
creatures, to ciiiise by way of worthy afterpiece,
sixteen others to be dragged from their conceal-
ment, and put to death in cold blood. We can-
not boast iif more than common sensibility, but
wo must think, that to witness such an act would
make ours a little cold also. What are the
General's words? These: "this morning we
killed sixteen which had been concealed,"' — and
the man who acts and speaks thus: who has
half as much blood upon his conscience, as he
iias upon his hands, — be, forsooth, is to be
called the peer and like of Washington the hap-
py warrior.

A dhama.

TO TIIE EDITOns OF TRUTn's .^.DVOCATE.

I have tlosigncd forwarding to you
:Jomc extract.s from a dramatic piece
called '•The Hero of Two Wars;" —
thotigli it is not yet time for its exliihi-
tioi) on the American statue. Vet when
truth shall have triumphed over false-
hood, and time shall have thrown a-

round it the drapery of years, it may
be esteemed at least for its historical
accuracy, and serve to hand the Hero
down to everlasting fame, like Eratos-
tiatus of old. For while the annals of
history retains the name of the incen-
diary of the Ephefian temple, the iiv
cendiary of [)olitical discord must also
come in for iiis share of immortality. I.
have ventured to suggest something in
shape of what you may deem proper to
appear as editorial, when revised by
yourselves. W.

n

TIIE HERO OP TWO WARS,

A DRAMA IN FIVE ACTS.

Act \sl, scene \st — An Inn at the Cajnio!

E^■TEIl Hero.

Hero. Kremcr,importingchargcof vile intrigue,
Corruption, nianogement, and base design
Against the op|)osers of my great intent.
Has laid the corner stone on which I '11 build
The glorious edifice of future fame.
Born in the tempest of tumultuous war,
I relish not these "piping times of peace;"
Hero must be foremost, or be nothin!r,
Sink to oblivion, and be kuown no more,
"Ormount the whirlwind and direct the storm.'"
Propitious now the season to begin,
I 'II fan the spark of Slander's fi^iry brand,
L'ntil I 'II wrafi the nation in a flame.
That shall consume my foes, though they wert

pure
As min'string angels from the r?alms of light.
" Plots have I laid, inductions dangerous,"
By inuendoes, nods, and dark surmise.
That if the nation be as credulous
" As I am subtle, false and treacherous,"
Then shall my rival's triumph be but short.
The disafl'ecled first I '11 conjure up —
Miichief! how apt a counsellor art thou,
Kor now thou dost remind me ol a wretch
Whom once his couutry at her bar arraigned
For deep conspiracy against the state:
And though he 'scaped the meshes of the law.
Yet dark suspicion fastened on his name.
For which he bears that country deadly hate
To him 1 '11 write the account of my defeat,
-•Vnd leadliim to infer my rival did
Do Wo:— which 1 '11 with emphasis declare
I did not do.

(ui-iles) ^Vo midni^ltl taptrbamt
III/ mr — 710 secret eonrlaict held — 7i« planr
A'l) cahah vnlnrtd into lo persuade
Thr violation of inttrurlions ^irtn,
•^iid proHrale all Vie fundameiitul rules
Whieh shoutit maintain Vic high nipremaci/
Of the People's Kill.

{folding Vie Utter) He wants no prompter
But his strong revenge — no spur to action
But his, a»<I kindred spirit-.' aggrandisemenl.
Thus will I start the quarry, and the pack
t)f hungry ofticc hunters will join in,
.And raise the general clamor of the chase.

On drunken prophecies did Richard climb.
And seired the crown.of England'.* ^eacirt isle

Vtlt

LEGISLATIVE INSTRICTION,

Caesar, ami Cromwell, by their martial lame
Made cni|>ires bow to their supremacy.
Now both these aids have I, examples stronj
To marshal mc tlic way.

We pa.ss over the remainder of this
s'cene, in which the Hero meets his late
rompetitor, and conijratulates him on
his elevation with all the seeming can-

Congress if they chose. They, tliem-
selves were hut the mere agents of the
people, and when they undertook to
direct another agent of the same peo-
ple, sent abroad for a different purpose,
they neglected their proper bu»i.'iess,
and travelled bevond the bounds of
their autlioritv. To illustrate the souid-

dor of an honorable and higli-minded ness of tliis position, .el us suppose

opponent. We purpose giving m our
next an extract from the scene at the
Hermitage.

LEGISLATIVE INSTRUCTIO\S

A large portion of the opposition to

for a moment, that, at the same time
the Legislature requested Jlr. Clay to
vote one way, his own proper contitu-
ents instructed him to vote in anoilier.
Which was he bound to obey ? Surely
those who elected him, clothed liim
with authoritv, and to whom he was

the present administration is directed | accountable for his conduct. What
to .Mr. Clav. It is said, but for him, | then becomes of the power, or right to
Gc.i. .Iack>on would have been elected instruct, arrogated by the Legislature?
President by the House of Represcnta- It vanishes at once, and shows the ut-
tives. Although the General's party ter absurdity of its assumplioi).
had no claims upon Mr. Clay, yet they But it is said, that .Mr. Clay had always
atl'ect to be greatlv disappointed, that agreed to obey the voice of his consti-

hc did not vote with them. He is
charged with having '•' chcutid ihrm mit
of tlicir chincc, and among other things,
is accused of having '» violnle.d the in-
slru(iio)isofhisconslitiicnls. This latter
subject I propose to examine. I do so,
because it has been a constant theme
of wicked and wilful misrepresentation.
Those who believe in the right of in-

tuents, "in whatever manner indica-
ted,"' and that the members of the
Kentucky Legislature, knou-iitg their
wishes on the subject, did but express
THEIR will! They became the clian-
nct of infonnation. This is the argu-
ment; but how came they to know the
will of Mr. Clay"? constituents better
than he did himself? At, or about the

struction, have been played upon and i same time he went to Congress, the
deceived. I members elect from his district went

Before I proceed, 1 admit with cheer- 1 to Frankfort. He had the same op-
fulness, that Mr. Clav declared on a portunilies for information which tliey

former occasion, that he fell hound to
obey the voice of his constituents — that

had. He had been recently elected;
had lifed in the district more than half

if he could /aw:c their ii'i/l, he cared not ^his life; knew almost every man in it:
through what channel it was indicated, and vet these few persons at Frankfuri

he would obey it. I admit also with
the same )>lcrisure, that a majority of
the Ki'ntuckv L'-^^islulurr ^'■reqiicflnr'

undertook to inform him what were the
wishes of his friends and neighbors!
Becavi^e he considered he knew as.

Mr. Clav and his colleagues in Con- ! much about the matter as these gen-
gress to vole for Gen. Jackson. Hut I ' flemen. and chose not to obey their
do not admit, that by disre^nrding this request, he lias been branded as an apos-
request he violated his obligation to i tatc from his principles! I have pro^
his constituents. J ceeded thus far in this paragraph, ob

In the first [)lace. the members of the; the ground that the members in the
Legislature of Kentucky had no right Kentucky Legislature from .Mr. Clay's
to instruct !\lr. Clay or anv oilier mem- district, voted " lo request" him to sup-
ber of Con-ire^s in regard to the duties -port Gen. Jackson. Granting this to
he had (o pcrfonn there. Tiii\y had j be the case, I have ^hown clearly that
iio;jonrr to do it. Thev did not elect [the request was without force. It is
hun; — (hey could not call him to an ac-' not allied to any>nown or ackrow-
rount for neglect of. dulv. nor prevent leds-^d republican principle. It waf
the pcojilo from a^nin returning him to predicated upon no additio:ial infor.

lEGXSLATIVE iNSTnUCTIOV.

U3

mation or expression of the people's
will; and could be rc^nrded by Mr.
Clav as nothinsi more than the wislics
of a few individuals. But I am well
assured, that a inajoiitv of tlic Repre-
sentatives from that district were op-
posc'i to givinji Mr. Clav any instruc-
tions on the subject; ancl 1 am equally
•well assured, tliat those of the delega-
tion, who voted for the re-olut'O'i, vio-
lated the wishes of ikrir co'istituciits.
I am justiftc.l in these assertio s, from
the fact that tliose gentlemen ^t:!l lo-
main the friends of iMr. Clay, and al.-o
from the circumstance that a very re-
spectable portion of his constituents
signed and sent to him the following
instructions:

'' VVc, the unilcrsiTned votPrs in this Conjrr'-
«ioi)nl ili<trict, Imvini vicHed thp iiisiruciion or
request of the Legi-lat:ire of Keiitiicky on ttie
•iihject ol' rhoosiiip .1 Prtisiilcnt iiui Vico-fre.M-
(leiit of tiie Unitpil Stites with reiret, iiiid the
said iiiftniction or reqiie t to our Re|ircseiita-
lives ill Congress from this district, htinj with
out our kiiowled^p or p.o'i*"rnt ; wc, for iiian>
reason* connected with so rnomeniou? an occa-
sion, hereby iniJruri onr lli:pre-ientative in Con-
gress to Vote on this occasion ai;ree.ible to his
own juilfirinent, and by tlie best huhis he may
have on the subject, wi'h or without the consent
•f the Legislature of Htnlucky."

Tills was accomoanied with letters
to Mr. Clay, inlbrmiiig him, that so far
as an expression of public sentiment
could be had, '• it contained the wishes
of a majority of his constituents" ! But
further, at the very next election to
supply Mr. Clay's seat in Congress,
Judge Clarke, a warm and decided
friend of his, and a strong opponer of
General Jackson, was elected. He was
«ne of the very men who sub-cribed
the document above quoted, and was
open and decided in his approbation of
Mr. Clay's vote. Where were the Jack-
sonians at the time? Where were those
who felt so nuach aggrieved at Mr.
Clay's disobedience of instructions? —
They existed not in the district, nor
in th(5 state; but among those in other
parts of the Union, whose uncommon
solicitude for the^oor Kentuckians has
led to an exposure and a just repro-
bation of their motives. Tlie Honora-
ble Mr. Kremer, in his address to the
Pennsylvanians, was first and loudest
in his lamentations. He was aiaaaing-

ly distressed, that the people of Mr.
Clay's district siiould havi.- been so
clieated and abused! Tlie small frjj^
if smaller ca:i be found, joined iii the
wailing, till the bowels of compassion
of (ho whole Jackson party yearned iii
symnafliy Jor this degraded and insuR-
<."d people! But how have they repaid
t!ie kindness? instead of permitting
six or seveu men in the Legislature to
control Mr. ' lay, (hey, to a mueii l;iri;c!'
number, had the tem:M'iiy \.o ''■iiv^trucC
him to do as he ihought best! W.ien
■lis seat ill Congress was to be supphed,
instead of electing a Jncksoninn, they
chose, by a liirgc majority, 'one of his
warmest supporters and friends, and a
decided advocate of the Administra-
tion! Wisat demonstration of enmitj
and dis'^ust! How mu-;t tlir-se co isti-
iueiits have h'athed aiul haled Mr.
Clay for violalmg their instructions!
and how graieful thej' must feel to-
wards those out of the state, who have
50 kindly interfered in their behalf!

From the circumstances and facts ta
wliicii 1 have reierred, I am warra'ited
in ttie conclusion, ttiauio reasonable
man has a right to sa;f that Mr. Clay
violated the wisiiesol the people of his
own district. Thev were pleased at
liie time with his vote, and have since,
b\ every possible demonstnition, m mi-
fested tiicir approbation o( !us co;iduct.
Who, then, has a right to complai.:? If
ihrif were satisiied, 1 ask, who has »
right to complain?

I know the next point which is start-
ed. It is said that " a mrijor.iti/ of ihrl
pruple of K'nturky are for XvJfmn," a;id
therefore Mr. Clay ouglit to have com
plied with their wishes. Both of thesi
positions I deny. The people of Ken-
tucky were not known to be ibr the
General, although the Legislature de-
clared it. But granting iiivas so; still
I maintain, that Mr. Cl-iriiad noiliing
to do with the instructions of any peo-
ple but those of his own district. If hr
obeyed them, it was all that could be
required of him. To illustrate niy as-
sertion, let us suppose that iti the three '
electoral district* of Kentucky, at the
last election foi' President, the vote fov
the colleges stood thus: In the lirst ilis-
trict, five Ibr Jactebq, chosen over ihc
elector'^ f«r VdamB ^y a raajority o^-

114

LKGISLATIVE IKSTRUCTION.— A FRAUD ETPOSEX).

twenty votes; in the second district,' can liave no force nor possible applica-
also five for Jackson, chosen by (lie tion. If those ou( of the district liuve

^amc majority; in the third district,
four for Adams, clioscn over the Jaclc-
son electors by a majority of two thou-
sand. In tiiis case, there are Icn elec-
tors for Jackson, and four for Adams,
But if we take the majority of two
thousand votes in the Adams district,
and add them to tiic lar<;e Adams mi-

a right to interfere, upon the same
principle nery boily has a right to in-
terfere. In such an event, the right
of instruction would become a mere
nullity. I need not illustrate this ar-
gument further — every reasonable man
must see its force. The Representa-
tive is amenable to no other pcoplr, and

speaks for ihcm, acts for them; and if
Ihcij approve his conduct, no one elf
has a right to complain.

norities in the Jackson districts, there should obey none otiur, but those, who
would be a handsome majority of the i created him and gave him the power
people's votes in Keiitucky for Mr. Ad-|to act. He is empiiaticalh/Z/r/r agent,
anis. This fact being known to the
electors, when lliey arrive at Frankfurt,
how ought they to vote? Should they
obey the voice of their respective dis-
tricts, or should they all vote for Mr. I
Adams? No reasonable man will hesi-
tate for a moment in what manner to' V I'nAin rxposED.
answer the question. Notwithstand-I There, perliups, never ivas a grosser
ing Kentucky as a state might be for|='"«'"M" -'^ pfhtical fraud and imposition
Adams, sHll these ten electors „ouldl "!'""/''« '>°"«f' crc.luhty of a conli.linsr
be bound to vole for General Jackson, i '',"°1''V """ '^'" '",",'""'' !^' '"'"I'r.*'*

Thev were elected on that conditlon.l^,^." ' ''° "'It v".t '° "'^^''f

V- 111 1 • ^ 1 ^ J 1 the impression in the Jsotliern and West-

-and were pledged and instruct.-d to doj^^,, y^,,,^,^ „,. ^^■^ j^^.^,^^, attachment to

^o. What, then, becomes ol the argu- 1 ,1,^ cause-of Intkrnal Improvement and

mcnt, in refer^ce to Mr. Clay? Hisj d„„kstic Mamfactlrf.s. Nor is it at all

case is precisely the same as tlie one Lingular, in a cause so desperate, sustain-

supi)Or-od. He voted agreeably to the ed liy men so unpiiucipled, and requiring

instructions of his district: and if l)ound j the aid of ;:n argument so indispensable

to disregard this, and vote according to 1 to its success, that so base an attempt

the alleged wisjies of the state, onthe ' should be resorted to and prosecuted with

same principle the ten Jackson electors *"'■'> '"'tiring zeal, and such unblushing

would have been bound to vote for Mr. 'mp"dence.

Adams. In homciv phrase, we cannot , No man of commt^n penetration, can

make flesh of one atld ti^h of another, ''^^"■'''*' '» "'°">^"' '° believe, that in the

If il would be right for the ten electors
to follow. the instructions of those who
elected t/iem, and vote for Gen. Jack-
son, it was equally right for Mr. Clay
to vote agreeably to the wishes of those
•who had elected him. They had each
a single vote to give, and so had he. —
Botli referred to the same subject, and
should be governed by the same prin-
ciples.

In the above remarks I say nothing
cither for or against the right of in-
struction. I have, in a concise man-
ner, di-^cussi'd till' subject as it was pre-
sented to me, — that is, whether Mr.
riav fli'l or ilifl not oliev the will of his

states North of the Ohio and Potomac,
the knoirn hostility of any Fiefiilential
candidate to the policy of a Tariff Svs
TF.M, with the express view to the pro-
tection ol l)oMr.3iic Indcstrv, would,
to a moral certainty, deprive such can-
didate of every electoral vote which it
belonged to those states to give. What,
but his being the acknowledged tile le.nd-
er — the able and indefatigable champion
of the cause of Internal lni(irovement.
gave to Mr. Calhoun that towering puliiical
coiiseijuence in the >latP of Pennsylvania,
wliicli, had she been decidedly seconded
by any other state as powerlid as herself,
woiih', four years ago. have | r .-red him
upon (lie Union as the most proniir.ent

ind the most deserving candidate fir (he
constituents. 1 think I have placed presidency? And what, but the deep
the matter upon its true grounds. Un- rooted conviction of Gen. Jackson's en
less we (online (he power to instruct, (ire and derided fiiendlincss (o the .Anfri
<• <he c/w/n'c/ of the l\cpre»entative, it ■ CAN Svstf.m, ftdmils of the strong hold

A FRAUD EXPOSED.

115

which henow possesses in thai hoc! olher|
Northern states, in rehition to his preten-
sions to the Presidenr,)'? Is it tlien ii
m^itter of surprise th:it the ulmust ellorts
shouUl he exerteil to give the impression
to the people of those stales, tliat Gen.
Jackson is fiicnclly to that system? It
eertaiuly is not; but such elVorls prop-
erly belong to lh-\l system of electioneer-
ing, which hMl/alseiiu id to I its beginning,
falshuod for its career up to tlic present
time, anil will have fahchood to crown
the final termination of its labours, in dis-
aster, degradation and defeat.

But, vhilst the friends of Gen. Jack
son in the Northern stales, are urging his
pretensions there, by the strongest and
most decisive references to his alleged at
tachment to the American Svstf.m, his
i'riends in the Southern Stales are almosi
treasonably violent in their denunciations
of that system, and urge the elevation
of Jackson to tiie Presidency with his
KNOWN HOSTILITY to it, as the only pres-
ent means by which its purposes can be
defeated, and the system itself destroyed.

That there is a lie— a most base and
abominable lie,— an imposition— a most
o-ross and monstrous imposition, either in
the NORTH or in the sotTii, in relation to
Gen. Jackson's sentiments on this subject,
no man of common reading and intelli
■'ence can for a moment doubt. And
whether the North or the South is to be
made the dupe by which this impious lie
shall send Geo. Jackson to the Pre.'ide'icy.
can make no dilTerence, as the crirnin..lil}
in eithir case must be equally the same.
There would, however, seem but little
dilficuity in delerniiniog that the jiour
North is to be made the victim upon
whose vitals this miserable dupery shall
feed. Forilisa b'AC'l', home out by the
clearest moral proof, that GKN JACK
SON IS HOSTILE TOTIIEA.MEKICAN
SV'STE.\l;and it is laid down as a propo-
sition, equally su.sceptible of demonstra-
tion, that Gen. Jackson is the wire man by
which the politicians of the South, per-
pose to accomplish its destruction. In
reference to these points, the following
SQcgestions arc submitted to the solemn
detiberalion of a cantlid people.

ll is universally understood and fdt by
politicians in all the sections of the Union,
that at the present day, the only rea. sub-
stantial line of party distinction, is that
between friendliness and hostility to leg-
islative protection of Domestic Industry,
and to the appropriation of national funds
to purposes of Internal Improvement. It

is equally well understood, that this line
rests for the mo t part, upon a. geographi-
cal, rather than an abstract basis: — that
it is indebted for its existence nr.re, by
far, to the suggestions of local interest,
than to independent, national, and philo-
sophical views of the real merits ol the
controversy which it represents. In a
word, it cannot be concealed, that the
real ■' bone of contention"' is lietween a
Northern and a S^u hern policy — between
the peculiar views of the manufactniing
and the non-manufacturing stales, respec-
tively.

In this great contest which has been
carried on lor some years past, between
the manufacturing and the non manufac-
turing Kepre-entatives, on the Hoor of
Congress, the superior strength of the
(brmer has given a decided and ef-
ficient predominance to the Nortliern or
inanufucturing jiolicy; and S) complete-
ly has that policy become identified with
the essential administration ot'the Gener-
al Governnient, that no hostile effort,
however powerlul, operating rhroiigh ordi-
nary tneans, can be rationally siipjio.-ed
capable, of destroying or radically chang-
ing it. Soutliein politician-- cannot fail to
be aware of this. Oidinary modes of at-
tack, therefore, u()on the established sys-
tem, may be considered in effect, aban-
doned in despair. But the inveterate
purpose itseif of destroying that system,
or of so embariassing its healthful opera-
tions as to render it nugat'iy in its ef-
tects, is not abandoned, nor will it be, as
long as there remains an crpeditnt, how-
ever extraordinary, daring, or indirect,
that can alfird a solitary hope of a suc-
cessiul iiitluence to accomplish it »•

The first grand expedient, which has

suggested ilsnlf to Soutbein policy, (and

it is certainly one of no tiilling import) is

a change in the party character of the

Executive department ofthe Government,

I by which they would substitute an Anti-

'Pariff, for a Tariff President. The

success of this expedient, although, to be

sure, itivould be but one step towards the

accomplishment of their linal object,

' would certainly impart a moral power to

j their hostility , which, by the skilful ap-

! plication of ingenious subsidiary means,

i would present to them a favourable iiro-

I mise ofthe ultimate triumph of their pur-

I pose. >

I With the views thus suggested, we will

I suppose the Southern politicians lookino-

! around them for a Presidential Candidate.

I Id making up their minds to the selection,

lie

A FHACD EXPOSED.

werp tliev inlloedi-ed l>y no oth'-r ooii^i'le-
rationslhan those ol tituessialhe iudividu-
al. their holle^l preleieiice woulu doubllerfc
fall ii|>on aorae entKietil citi/eii, tlistin
gui^be'l lor exalte>i ahiliies riiiil long tiled
services as a Statesman autl Civilian — a
citizen, who, hni lor the single excepuon
ot lii:j hostility to the Do.iieslic Svsleni.
woui'l pjoperly unite the actUaiaUoiis ol

•tcgrees belotv tluir standard of luiellectu*
ul ajAUCialion.

It ia, then, solemnly contended. that up-
on every princi|.le of vatiniial in\Pf liga-
tion, inde^iendent of the pOMiive innofs
we have ol Gon. Jacks'in's- cqnivocaiiont
jii the rarilT.-iibjecl. the iuiereuce of his
iioa|ili(y lo the protecting system, diawn

ihe whole union in his favour. Bui ihe i limi, die political chaiarter ol the le.iding
most common obseivation must admouijli i -ii. ( •; ii.d men that unile in his support,
them, that the same Northern strength i hiy conclusi* e For. when we

ivhich for ye:irs bad suifes>l'iilly resisteil iie vast dissimilarities of mind,

their attacks upon the Di'mestic System. ; iMi^.iif.-fiire and ta>te, already alluded to
liy its Uepresentatives on the floor of Con- I between Gen Jackson and lie men » Ln
gress, would, ai^aiii^t such a candidate. ; frm the phalanx of bis stiengtii on the
meet tiiem iu the tield of the Presitieiitial 1 lioor ofCongri ss; when we consider the
canva>s, and ta successfully achieve a ; univeisalty recognized IV. t ol" his entire
conquest there. A candidate ot such a ' "ant of iMaim to pi.-emiiienl. oi even or-
characler, would therefore, not subserve Idinary distinction, on the score ot inipor-

iheir purpose 'I'liey must then tind one,
who, to the same deteruiined oj. position
to the Douit'stic J>ysttm, which they
themselves maintain, unites the advan-
tage of its cooceiiment from that portion

tant Civil services !■ iidered to the slate;
wi.en we copsider, that but tor the magic
iiilluence of iiiilitaiy achi< vment. eniola-
ironing his name in all the empty, but im-
posing glories of chivalry, he would not

of the people with whom that opposition ' iiave been known beyond the limits of
would l>e regarded as an iiiyuperable ob- ; his own .-■;ate. nor cventheie hut as a very

jectiou. — and one, in the gener.il estimate
of whose pretensions a.iy paiyahle dfti-
ciency oi <(uali^ications for tlie oliice. is

oidiuary citizen; and when in connectiou
with all (his, ne recollect that tne wis-
dom, ihe intelligence, the profound and

supplieil bv some peculiar and iinposinsr | peoetialing gfoius and civil abilities of
([uaiilv of character, which, in its intlnence 1 the ablest of his supporters, must secretly
to enlist the passions, assures a truce lo the ' unite in the lienuuciaiion of hi? claims, a*
exercise of reason, and is thus made to I lomided upon thoseabstract considerations
extort iVom the hone-'t conlidence of the I of fitness wliich every one acquainted h ith
people, those suflVages. which a wary and the subject, must giant io be. at least
jealous investigation, and a perfect knowl ■ theoretically, indispensable to the charac-
edge ol' the subject would ucver sailer j ler of the executive head of our govero-
thcin voluntarily to bestow. ment; I sa_\^ when we consider, or recol-

lect all these things, it is impossible to
Sucli a candidate, has fortune, inone of escape the conviction, that some other
her blindest and most capricious moods. | powriful motive than that of mere refer-
llir 'Wn across their path, in the person of ' ence lo the Illness of the individual, influ-
GliN. ANDHLW J.ACKSO.N; a man ] encts the politicians of Ihe South, to the
between whom. and themselves, there ex- ! support of Gen, Jackson for the Fresiden-
isls no similaritv ot character, except in icy. And tvliat other motivecan there be

the inveteiate biiterness with which they
can proieoule a purpose, and in Ihe in
dilleience with which they can bend Ihtir
consciences in tlie choice of means for its
acrc^mplislirnent : a mm between whom,
and the iMcDulhes, Ihe liamiUons, the
Ilavne.s and the Kandolphs, of the South.

than that which idenlitie" Ihe elev.ilion
of a particular man h ilh the trinmpii of a
particular systeni? Ves, it is a tearful
Irnth.and cinnoi be too boldly urged, nor
too altcntivf ly considered, that the efforts
lo establish the Anii Domestic or Foreign
Svslem. in the ordinary mode ot Icsisla-

^siinilarily of education has established no | rtoii, having worn out all the weapons of

common sytn;)albies, and similarity of
piiisiiit no common interests; a m.in in
tine, who, but for his acciilenl,il lilncss to
pla> liie Part of a pliant tool lo carry a
great political purpose, would be very
justly .!iscard(<il iVoui Ihe fainiliar inter

parlian>enlary discussion, have driven its
supporters to a liiial and desperate expe-
dient of manufacturing a weapon of
another and faclitiocs sort, without refer-
ence to iis conipalihilily with the exist-
ence of civil libcrlv. or lo its litncss to

Qourse of those men, &3 being very many 'answer any other purpose but that great

A FKAliD EXPOSED.— eCNEKA-Ii JACKSON'S

m

»da

ulleriour one, at which all their effort.-
aim.

Such, then, is the man, such the candi-
date, who, although but ?ix j/ears ago, the
very mention of his name in roniicction
witii the Presidency, t^avoured much of
the ridiculous, is now selected by Soutlien.
politicians, as the great engine by which
they propofc to prostrate the manufactur-
in"- eneru'ies of the Noith, and to punish
tiie presumption, which, for the last ten
years, has ^iiensuchan impulse to the
INDUSTRY of the country, as that millions
and tens of millions would not balance
the account of blessings which its auspi-
cious influences has showered upon our
land .

if the views hastily presenteil in this
Jiaper, be well fuuiicied.if it be true that a
host of able and iniluential men, enjoying
elevatea confidence and distingiiisheil
honors, are pei verting these powerful ad-
vantages to the purposes of a grand par-
ty enler[)rise. wliose maxim is, that -the
f.nil Justifies the r/nans;" and that that end
shall be accomplished, though desi.lation
and ruin shall supervene, then it is time
foi the American people to awake and
re-assert the majesty of virtue. The
KOKTH shall ari.-e from her lethargy, and
turn upon the enemy that would stab her
to her ver3' vitals. The south shall re-
buke with honest indignation, the daring
insolence that would falsely represent her
as tfaitress to tb« genius of the Constitu-
tion; and the whole UNION, struggling
with the agonies of a poison, which, but
for the timely discovery of her danger,
would inevitably have wrought her disso-
lution, shall exhibit from her deepest
bosom, throughout all her territory , and

IS appear to liavo- been equally silent
But it lias been extensively read .a-
nioiigst the people. A large edition of
it, in patnplilet form, has been published
and distributed. It begins to be prop-
erly understood: and it will not muck
longer avail the Jacksonians to de-
nounce the discussion of this affair a*
an ui.mauly and dishonorable act. —
They have done niuch with this im-
pudent fallacy but the moral sense
of the community begins to assert its
proper inlluence, and assign to seduc-
tion and adultery their appropriate es-
timation.

The following communication is from
a plain, unlettered gentleman, of un-
questionable character, who is pcricct-
ly conversant with the facts to which
tiie interrogatories refer. The public
may rely upon the correctness of the
deductions to he drawn from the ques-
tions put. They show the despicable
character of Jackson's defence and the
more despicable character of Overton
his principal witness. The pretence
that Mrs. Robards descended the river
with Col. Starke's family turns out to
be a journey with a family of slaves, no
white female being in "company.'" —
After this, what can the world think of
the parties concerned in this defence,
or of those for whom it was made? Let
any honest man give the answer.

TO THE EDITORS OF TRUTh's ADVOCATE.

Jimuarjj, 1828.
Gentlemen — Your first number hag

overall her borders, the salutary cemon- just come to hand, and I have to ac-
strations of a profound and intense alaim. knowledge witii astonishment the error
The mischief not yet done, the means] into which we were going headlong, in
'" "^ " placing a man in the chair of state, and

a female as preceptress to the Ameri-
can fair of this enlightened age, who
had lived in violation of the laws of
God and man, as appears from the
showing of the Hon. .lohii Overton,
from the winter of 1790 to .lanuary,
1794; and that from July, 1 790. to Sep-
tember, 179.5, this same female was the
wife of another man (to wit, Lewis
Robards.) Now, as you arc Truth's
Advocates, I wish through you to hear
the whole truth and nothing but the
truth. And as all the testimony from
Nasliville has been ex ptirle and inso-

made use of for its consummation, shall
then shrink from their unhalloued pur-
pose, and carrying back their poison
to the bosoms whence it sprung, shall wit-
ness io the disgrace and degradation ol
iheir authors, the majestic triumph of vir-
tue, and the renovated vigour of the Con-
slitutiOD. G.

(;E?fERAT> JACKSON'S
DOSaC! S VTC IUEI.ii.T'ONS.

The article upon this subject, in our
first number, has excited very consid-
erable attention. The Jacksopians
iiere very prudently forbore to no-

rce it. And the administration press-Uicited, of course the cflusions of warm

\\H

DOMESTIC REI-AIIONS.

feelings for a neighbor and friend, I
•wish you, in your next number, to put
the following interrogalories to the
said John Overton, Chairman of the
7D/iilc-7i:ri.ikitt^ Committee :

1. What is the distance from Nash-
ville to Mercer county, Kentucky, the
respective places of residence of Gen.
Jackson and Lewis Robards in 1790 to
1794?

here, because it serves to illustrate the
true character of Gen. Jackson. Lnst
sununer, when the pa!nj)hlet of the
white washing committee was publish-
ed, vinditaciifg tiie General ior tiie se-
duction of Mi's. Robards, and vindica-
ting also, the open and continued adul-
tery of the General and his wife, a copy
of tiiat pamphlet was forwarded from
Nashville, to the editorof the National

Do you not know there was much; Jounial at AVashington, upon a blank

travelling on horseback and intercourse
between Nashville and Mercer county,
from 1790 to 1794, along the same road
or path that you state in your letter to
Robert C. Foster, of tlie" 3th of May,
1827, you and Mrs. Itobards (now Mrs.
Jackson) travelled in the summer of the turpitude of this scene LOOfiKS all its

leaf of which, there is the subjunied
note, in the hatid writing of General
Jackson.

To Uie Editors of the Wasiniiglon Jnurnal.
When the midnight ASSASI^iS plunges hi;
dajger into the heart and RIKKLF.S your goods,

1790, when she went to see her mother,
and you to commence the practice of
the law at Nashville?

3. Do yon not know and believe that
Col. Stark had no white female family

with him in descending the river from ' of the sentence, and the spelling would
Nashville: and that he was not related all lead to the conclusion that it could

horrors, when compared >yilh the SECRKTK
ASSAMN.V FOIGNARO levelled against KE-
MALcharEcter by the hired miuiuus of (io«er.

The sentiments expressed in this-,
morceau, the grammatical con.-lruetion

to Mrs. Robards; and tliat it would
have been rash in her to have descend-
ed the river with Col. Stark and his
negroes?

4. Do you not know and believe that
Starke and Jackson ocrupiMl two boats
in descending the river; and do vou
not believe, if Jackson and Mrs. Rob-
ards had been married at or near Nat-

iiot have come from Gen. Jackson. —
The proof, however, is too strong for
this presumption. No one accjuainted
with the hand-writing of the General,
and who has iu\y value for character,
after seeing the copy, will assert that
the General did not write it.

A short time since this note was pub-
lished in the National Journal. It crc-

chez. they would long since have pro-,atcd a strong sensation at VVasliington,

duccd some evidence to sujiport ihei
own assertions, and that vou would
have ])tiblished it to the world?

b. Do you think it possible, that Mr.
and Mrs. Jackson were ignorant of her
being Robards' wife from the spring of
1791 to the winter of 1794, the date,
you sny,of their lawful marriage, after
notice of Robards having obtained a
divorce ?

All these interrogatories present
themselves to every impartial reader
of your letter, and true answers are

Mr. Senator White, and Mr. Represent-
ative Polk, of Tennessee, called to see
it. Mr. AVhitc asserted himself well
acquainted with the hand-writing of
the General. But after examining the
writing, he refused to say whether it
was or was not in the General's hand-
writing. -Vnd its authenticity has not
yet been publicly questioned. Tiiis
fact leaves no room to doubt, that Mr.
White considered it as genuine.

It is thus demonstrated, that General
Jackson, wiien out of the hands of his

expected by all friends to the laws of keepers, can neither write nor spe

God and man; for we are told in Holy
\\'rit. that when the wicked rule, the
<^arth mourns.

\ rr.lEN'D TO TRUTH.

There has a circumstance been d
<losed recently, connected with this
subject, which it is proper to notice

with any regard to correctness. But
this proof that he is grossly illiterate, is
of little I importance when compared
with other ficts involved in the compo-
Jtotion of this note. It exhibits Gen.
is-fjackson in the 'chanicter of an anony-
mous libeller, distributing libels in
inanuscript through the post office.

EXTRACTS FROMlETTEnS TO THE EDITORS OF TRUTHS ADVOCATE. 110

This is the very lowest grade of slan-
derers, upon wliom noUiiiig but con-
tempt and abhorcnce are visited by
the universal consent of mankind. —
And in this class Gen. Jackson has ar-
ranged himself!! ^Vliat wonder tliat
so many of his adherents follow the
same course.

This delectable note gives us a key
to tiie conduct of those who have the
General in their keeping. It holds the
very language, breathes the very sen-
timents expressed by them all, not cx-
ceptiiig the indecent falsi'hood, that
the investigation of the Gcncrars do-
mestic relations, proceeded from men
in ••pourr."' '• The hired minions" that
surround and attend the General, and
minister daily to his follies and his appe-
tites, do well to keep him in this state of
mind. He sliould always be stimulated
to look out upon others, and siiould
never be permitted to look in upon
himself.

EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS TO THE EDITORS OF

TRirTII'S ADVOCATE.

To those who arc labouring dism-
ferestedly for the benefit of their fellow
citizens, the best reward, next to the
consciousness of a faithful discharge ol
duty, is that of finding their efforts pro-
perly appreciated and productive of
good effect. The conductors of this
work have been stimulated to their
undertaking, by the dangers that threa-
ten the dearest interests of our coun-
try, from the cfTorte. of demagogues
careless what they sacrifice, so that
their own private aims are successful;
and from the indifference with which
such efforts are viewed by some, and
the thoughtlessness with which they
are aided by others. To awaken a
more general investigation of the poli-
tical and moral principles, to which the
election of General Jackson will give
the. sanction of the people of the Uni-
ted States, has appeared to them a du-
tywhich they owe tn their country

The voice of warning needs not only
to be raised, but to be repeated and
re-echoed until it reaches the ears and
excites tlie attention of every citizen.
If it be disregarded, we sfiall prove
ourselves unworthy the blessings wp
enjoy, find we may rest assured that
our continuance in the enjoyment of
them will be brief and transitory. But
we have better hopes; the cheering
accounts, which we daily receive, of
the zeal and co-operation of the en-
lightened and patriotic in various parts
of our country, convinces us tliat there
is amoral influence excited, which will
dissipate the illusion created i)y a I'alse
estimate of military glory.

The assurances of approbation,which
we have received liom men eminent
as well for their talents as tiieir pri-
vate virtues, convinces us, that adulter}
and violence in private life, and a dis-
regard of the constitution and laws of
our country in public, are not such ve-
nial offences as may be passed over
without censure.far less, rewarded with
honours and office. Some of theec as-
surances we give our readers, believ-
ing that mutual encouragement among
those who love their country is all that
is required to save it from the dangers
with which it is threatened.

The following is an extract of a letter
from a gentleman of Pennsylvania,
who has long been eminent not only
for his talents, but for a diligent and
successful application of them to the
promotion of the best interests of
our country, more particularly in its
agriculture:

" Mr. Jones, of your city, has for-
warded to me your first number, with
your prospectus. I have yet met with
nothing, arising out of the pending po-
litical controversy, calculated to be so
useful. Your association have indeed
gotten hold of the spear of Ithuriel,
and know how to wield it. Mr. Ham- .
mond cannot be too much approbated *•
, for the article to which he has aftixed
for in the prevalence of such princi- his name. The prospectus is well
pies they see the greatest danger to suited to the time and purpose to which
our institutions, and the most fearful it is directed, and every article is able
enemy of our republican form of gov- and well calculated to command pub-
«*mmeiit. lie attention and a perusaJ. I lear»

i

120 EXTRACTS FROll LETTERS TO THE EDITORS OP TRUTH'S ADVOCATE,

from tlic Massachusetts Journal, vour
first edition is distributed, and a secoiid
put to press. F hope you may tiird sale
for as nia'iy editions ol' it as there have
been o( the Pilgrim's Progress."

From a Getithmnn in Kenaaay, Va.
'•The Editors of the United States
Telegraph, have announced their in-
tention of issuing from their press, a
weekly pul)lication, devoted entirelv
(o ihe sul)jecl of the prcsidotitial elec-
tion; and so cheap as to ])lace it in
the power of the party to wcild it with
elfect, by gratuitous circulation. If I
have not much mistaken appearances,
a large number of these have been or- \
dcrcd for distribu'ion, among the]
honest yeomanry of Western Virginia.
Should thi> l)e tlie case, it will be nc-j
ccssary rnid proper to take measures to
cou:iteract tlie whole scheme; and sol
far as^py humble efforts can be avail-
ing, I intend they shall not be wanting.
Jf the Advocate is of the character 1
have taken it to be, (for I have not!
seen it) it will be of great use to the
rause of civil liberty, and the more it
is circulated the better.*'

f true spirit of our benign Constitution
I of gover.smcnt, as if an invadiiig for-
: eign foe, was about entering tlie bor-
j ders of our country. It is more preg-
I nant witii alarm to the sober-mmded pa-
j triot: a foreign enemy would meet
j with a prompt repulse li-om the uhitcd
' exertions of our citizens, « hil.-t the
.present attempt to sap the fout.dation
i of our political edifice, by placing it in
I the care of an individual wliose claims
are solely bottomed upon military dis-
tinction, is of so insiduousacharactcr.a-
to derive aid and support iVom the bes!:
feelings of our nature, and is calcu-
lated, before we arc jiware of it, to
make us the slavish \ ..sj^/s of our svr-
rp,?</"HV military men. Forbid it heaven!
I say, and to prevent such a dreadful'
rc-ult let every good citizen he at hi>
post, and be engaged in using everi-
fair and honorable means to avert the
impending danger."

From a Gentleman in jXashviUc, Tennessee.

" Several persons in this place want
copies of the work. I have read the
first number, which was sent me,
through the politeness of Mr. Jarvis
Kibby, of your place. I

"I sincerely hope. Sir, tlie friends of |
the present administration there, and i
elsewhere, will contribute to give ]
"Truths Advocate" an extensive cir-1
culation — jiarticularlv in those states
^iViendly to the "American System" so
called, and who espouse the cause of
the Hero of tn-ozmrs! on the ground!
(hat he is in favor of the Tariff, for the
protection of American Manufactures,'
and Internal Improvements. The fact I
is. his views and opinions on those iia- '
tioi;a! subjects are not w<ll understood,
nor can he be brought out to express'
Ihem decidedly, cither for or against. !

From a gentleman in Indiana. i

" I am determined, so far as my fee-
ble etforts can be exercised, that noth-
ing shall he omitted to sustain the f^oodf
t-mmr. I conceive it to be as great a '
slrugglc to guard and maintain the

CORRFOTION.

Circltville, Feb. 29, I89S.

Sin, — By mere accident, I saw last
evening, your second number of a
political [publication, in which you have
fallen into a most egregious error.
Vou say, in sul)stance. Governor Clin-
ton induced Ethan A. Brown, to come
to the Jackson field!

Now the truth is. Governor Brown,
by the help of Col. Mack, got on the
fence, and being tlierc as is usual with
him, he fell into a deep sleep, and final-
ly, on the morninff of the 3th of Janua-
ry last, he fell olf, unforlunatelv lor n~.
into our field! Seveial old federalist -
instantly took him up. i)rougbt him ii.
to our Convention, and without aii\
autlioritv, made him a delegate anil
plared him in '.he chair!

^Vlien placed at the head of on ;
ticket, he modestly put it to a vot**
himself! whether" he should be a
camiidale for an (^lectori!!!

Respectfully. Uiough not polilicallv.
yours, tc.

CALEB ATWATER.

' Ch.UII.F.S IlAilMOND, Esq.

P. S. Please Sir, correct vou:
error.

ma— i^T— i^iMBW

TRUTH'S ADVOCATE

AND

MONTHLY ANTI-J iCKSOX EXPOSITOJ?.

CINCINNATI, OIIIOjAPKIL, 1828.

JOHN WOODS.

The military execution of this mili-
tia man, under the order of General
Jaclvson, was adverted to in the second
number of the Expositor.

The account given by Major Eaton
was republished, and contrasted with
a statement of the otfcnce commiltcd
by Woods, copied from a then recent
publication in the Kentucky Reporter.
This exposition has led to various pub-
lications, which "o to show, in a strong
]>oint of liglit, tlie desperate charac-
ters of those who support Gen. Jack-
son, and the desperate means they cm-
ploy to sustain their idol. These can-
not be more fully illustrated than by
repnblis!)iii<; the dilFercnt statements,
>vil!i proper explanations.

The pui)lication in tlio Reporter,
purported to be written by "A Te.\'- ]
KESSEEAN," and contained several facts
ript extracted into the Expositor. These
related to the personal demeanor of
Gen. Jackson towards Woods, and
were of such a character as to appear
somewliat doubtful in my estimation,
thoun;h it now appears they were sol-
emn truths, from the statements which
shall be here published. Upon the
appearance of this publication at Nash-
ville, a certain colonel Joel Parish,
made the following pui)lication:

'• Sir — Vour paper of the 30th of Jnn .
contained a puhhcation, in the sha[>e of a
letter, aildies^ed to you as Editor, delail-
jnp; the circumstances which were said to
have occured in relation to the trial and
execution of John Woods, a soldier in the
Creek War, while under the command of
Gen. Jackson.

" Being one of tiie members composing-
the Court-Mart al, which tried and con
demned the unfortunate Woods at I'ort
Slrollier, I am compelled to say that the
whole publication over the signature of
".4 Tiiinessreaii,"' is false; and I do not be-
lieve that such as von have given publici-
ty to, was in realitv ever written by a
"Teunesseean,'''' but like tbo Ikmous Harris
/'tier, }■< another shaft ol' iiiif/uiti/ sent
forth to sully the reputation and fame of
'he ertat tenefaelor nftln-mtrimii

"If however. 1 should be mistaken, and
such a letter as you have published did
emanate from the state of Tennessee, J
proniiunce the author of it to be a base
anil insidious caliimnialor who kntvr
uhat lie 9t;ited In be falst^.and who>e tread
pollutes the soil on which he walks.

JOEL PAUISH.

About the same time, a person who
calls himself Samuel H. Miller, a resi-
dent of Greene County, Ohio, made ;i
l)ul)lication also, in contradiction of the
account jjublished in the Expositor,
which is here inserted.

"TO A CANDID rUBLIC.

Perceiving a false statement from the
Kentucky Reporter, (which has been ex
traded into the columns of Truth's Advo-
cate.) in relation to the execution of Jo!:n
Woods, a militia man I deem it a duly ]
owe to the public to ijive a (ru? stalemtnl
of the facts connected with that transac-
tion.

The truth is as fdlows: John Woods
deserted from his post, and started for
home. On his way he was met by a com-
pany of men on their march to join tlie
army. Woods, on seeing Ihetn, hurried
trim the path, and sought concealment
in a cane brake, lie uas taken, howev-
er, and brought bacic to camp, wliere hf
was tried for desertion, found guilty aiid
condemned to be shot. Foi' this oflence
he was P.MIDO.NED by Gen. Jacksorj.
and on promise of future subordination, lie
was returned to his duty. In al)out two
or three weeks al'terwards Woods was a
ffain placed on cuard. On a certain morn-
ing he stuck bis bayonet in the ground —
bung his cartouch box on the butt of hi.s
gun, and deserted bis post — on pretence
of going to his tent for breakfast. \h
passing the lines, be arrived at Majoi'

's tent, (I fiiget the Major's name.)

The Major a-'kcd Woods where he wat^
jToing. — Woods replied to get his break-
fast.— The Major advised Woods ver_\
^trongly to return to his post — oltserving
that he would soon be relieved — and o(
fermg him some corn bread and meat,
told him tliat i( he did not return to duty,
he would certainly betaken; but Woods
persisted in his determination aiul "o"-U
not returns

i-tti

JOU.V WOODS.

About this time the ofBcer of the da}-
came up. and h.u-ing heard a part of the
conversation, turned to the Hue's and en-
quired who commanded tliat coiopany?
'I'he Captain an^ivered " I do." The ol-
riccr of the da}' then tohl him to send a
guaid, and take John \Vood^ to the Pro-
vost guard; where lie was tiic I hv a
Court Martial and a second time linmd
guilly and condemned to be shot When
the d.iv arrived for the execulion of the
eentence of (he Court Martial, Oeneral
Jackson came to the phice of execulion
,and delivered a disrnurse tvhich alfected
fcvery heart, hut iliat of the hardened i
■Wdods. By this lime di'^alfection pre-
N'ailc'i amon;^ several of the niilitiameii I
Woods in padicular was very turbulent.!
General Jacks- n offered Woods his par-
don a second lime, on condition ihat he'
would serve hi- country like a true andi
f.iilhfwl soldier; but Woods defied the
General and Court Martial too; and swore;
with Mil oath tliat tliey dare not execute
the sentence of tlie Court Martisl. After
many unavailing' efforts to persuade
Woods to ciuiforni to suijordinalion, point-
ing out to him llic consequences result-
ing to the army (rom sucli conduct, and
Woods still icmaining siutihorn and irre-'
claimable — and sweajini; the Court M.ir-|
tial dare not execute tlieir sentence — the]
General turned Jiis horse and rode off;
iind Woods was shot before my oun, and
the ryes of the whole army.

SAMUKL li. MILLF.R.
Green covntij, Ohio, Feb. 21, I8C3.

The i'cader will recollect that in Ma-
jor Eaton's account of this transaction
tlie particulars of Woods" olFc! cc are
not slated. There was a publication
111 tde on this subject in Tennessee in
1S24, viiidiratms; the conduct of Gen.
Jackson, which is in these words:

'•With regard to the execution of John
Woods, mentioned iu the -ame page, we
Jiave only to remark that he was the se-
cond soldier tried fo^r mutiny ami cleser
tion. TitP first was pr.rdoned. and Woods
roanemned by a regularly organized
court martial, who did not recommend
him to mercy. The example was author-
ized liy the rules and articles of war, and
was no doubt considereil by the court as
indispens ible to preserve subordination,
and indeed the very existence of the ar-
my, by the suppression of mutiny and de-
-citinn "

]\ thus appears. Uiat neither Eaton,

or Parish, or the writer last quoted, ha*
ventured to give the facts that consti-
tuted theoflence for which Woods suf-
fered death! This omission is AilJ
proof to my mind, that i-here was notb-
hig in them of aggravated cliaracier.

Parish says he was a member of the
court martial. But he contents him-
self with the round as~eilioii, that the
account published by a '• A Te\.\es-
SEEAx," is "fulif," adding a daub of
praise to Gen. Jackson, ^' the great ben-
(Jcilor of the nation," and concluding
with a tissue of vulgar abuse in the
true Jacksonian style of argument: ••/
pronounce the autlv r to be a base and in-
sidious calumniator, scho Anar ztluil he
slated to be fahe, and uhose tread pollutes
the soil on which he a-n/fe."

This reckless publication, induced
the '•TEy.\EssEEAN'"to piocure and pub-
lish the following documents, which
the reader is requested to peruse with
care and attention.

St.\te ok Tennessee, Bedford Co.

FeLruary 14, 1828.
Being called upon to stale what I know
of ihc crime and circum'lances. which
led to the execulion of John Woods in ihe
Creek Nation at Fort Slrother, while the
Army lay there under the c-mmand of
General Jackson; I hereby certify, that I
was a private in tho s.ime company with
Woods— that I occupied and messed in
the second tent from him, distant ten or
fifteen yards— that lateoric morning I was
reposing in my lent, when my atlentioR
was arrested by a \iolent and loud alter-
cati n between some persons, which caus-
ed me to go out, i^en I immedia'elv dis-
covered that the dispute was between a
man by the name of Camp, who I under
stood belonged to the Quarter Master"?
<lepartmenl, and Woods. I ihink WooiL«
was m the act of ri.-ing from the sround
I or picking up his gun when I (irsl saw
I them — the oflicer was ordering Woods
j very peiemplorily to do something, which
Woods refused (o do. s.iying he was on
I guard— the other cursed" him severely
lor leaving his guard wiihoui an otlicer.
and still commamiing him to do what he
bad bid him— Woods also swore, and
started to go lo his guard, statins; that he
had obtained leave of his officer lor his
absence. At this time the othcer appear-
ed in a great passion and snatched up a
gun that stood in the mouth of a tent .•\n<'

JOHN WOODS.

12»

onlered Woods to surrender— Woods stdl
refused, and exiimined Ins gun to see it il
u;is primed, ot primed It Mliesli, I urn not
certain whirh Tlie ollirer commanded
those who were standintr around to assist
in t=tkin<j hiai prisoner— but no person
helped biin. Woods also swore that it
(he officer or any other person attempted
to lake him, he would shoot them, and
then walked towards his guard tire. Af-
ter he had started some distance. Gener-
al Jackson came nut of his tent and hal-
looed several times, shoot the damned
rascal! The foregoing is the substance
of what 1 know of my own knowledge —
but I also heard, and it was a common
talk in camp, that General Jackson had
cautioned the Court Martial about findins
him guilty, ^wearing by the Eternal God.
if they did he would nut pardon him -
Woods was found guilty and executed for
the above crime as I understood; and if
there was any other charge I do not re-
collect to have heard it— 1 also believe the
'General was petitioned by a number of
persons to pardon Woods, among whom I
understood were most if not all the mem-
bers of the Court Mirtial— Doctor Fore
from this county handed the petition a
bout, and I think i sii,'ned it as one. wno
aNo informed me that all the Court Mar-
tial had signed it except one. — And I fur
ther understood that a pardon was offered
him if he would enlist in the regular ser
vice; this was told me by Capt. William
Walker of the regular service fiom East
Tennessee.

THOMAS COUCH,

Bedford County, Tenn., Feb. 14, 1820.

I have seen and examined the above
str.teinent made by Thomas Couch — and
being requested to sav what 1 know o(
the m-Uter, have to state, that I belonged
to the same company and messed wiih
Couch — that 1 was standing present and
near Woods who was eating his break-
last in a skillet by himself, he having ju-^t
come from his guard-lire, when an ollicer
came along and onlered Woons to carrv
.;ir some bones that were lying about
there, when the altercation took place,
wliich I believe is correctly detailed in
the certificate of Mr Couch And as to
the balance of what Mr. Couch says, I was
under the same impression that he was. as
It was the common talk in ramp, except
that I do not recollect hearing Generai
.Tarkson swear shoot the damn'd rascal —
but I heard General Jackson myself sav.
■hat if the Court Martial found Woods

guilty he would not pardon him — but af-
terwards gave him an opportunity of en-
Ustinc: 111 the legular service to save Ills
life, and this i also heard fn'tn Captain
Walker of the regulars— .\nd I further
say that I always blamed the Court Mar-
tial more than f did C.cu. Jackson.

ROBEilT FERGUSON.

Slate of Tennessee, Bedford County,
Fkcruarv IG, 1828.
Being requested to state what J rcmem-
bf:i of the circumstances attending the ar-
rest and execution of Jidin Woods, a sol-
dier under Gen. Jacks nat Fort Strolber,
do hereby certify that the morning of the
ar-est, Woods and myself were both on
guard, and in my presence Woods re-
quested Lirnt. Barret (who was the offi-
cer of the gu:;r:l)to permit him to go to
his tent and eat his breakfast, and get his
blanket, as it was raining; the Lieut, told
him he might go. a-; 'bf le was a Corporal
ijust starting. Woods went, but had not
lieen gone Jong belore 1 heard a consider-
aljle noise near about the place where
Woods messed, and turning my attention
that way 1 saw Woods coming towards us
and a Major Camp following him. 1 heard
Camp demand his gun, but Woods wuld
not give it up, and I thii.k had his hand
upon the cock Camp called upon some
person towards the fort, and told him to
tell Gen. Jackson that there was a soldier
who would not be taken prisoner. Gen.
Jackson came out of the fort and hallooed
out, '• Hy the eternal God blow ten lial's
through the damned rascal'." When
Woods came near the guard tire. Lieu!.
Rarret and myse f pcisnaded Woods to
give up his gun and surreno'er. Woods
did so. and myself and another soldier
were ordered to guard b.im to the I'oil; we
did so. and were ihen oidered to take him
into the blacksmith shop. While we
were on this inarch the other soldier, wlio
was a .Mr. Rainey, had a musket with
bayonet fixed. Woods did not appear
willing to walk fast, when M.ajor Camp,
who was along, caiisht hold of the muz-
7.\e of Rainey's gun and pushed the bay-
onet a£aiiist Woods' back; Rainey pulled
back the gun to kec[i the bayonet from
-tickinsr in Shortly al'terwards a guard
from the regulars came and took him ia
custody. I Ictt camp the morning the.
Court Martial was called for the trial,
anrl before I started I hraid it repeated
earnestly in camp, that Jackson had can
tioned the Court Martial about rendering

1^4

JOH.\ WOODS.

their venlict. for it they found him guilty | ly 1 (lid so. and requested that his trial
he would not pardon him

SA.MLEL UANNA.

, should he brought on soon, as « e were as-
I desirous, as be was h mere youth, thai he

'■ miifht be placed among his friends again,
! and if there waf to be any punishment, let
', him receive it and return to duly. The

State of Tinnetsee, Franklin Counlt/,

Fkbklaky Io, 1828.
I'.eing requested to state what I kn<^'.v Gen replied that the case was a serious
of the circunislances attending the trial one, but he could have the r.ppoituciity of
and execution of John Woods at Fort enlisting. I returned and consulted wilh
Strollier, during the late war ill Ihe Creek , bis friends about it; and ti.ey all opposed
Natiou. hereby certify that John Woods ' (he idea very strongly. .Afler some fur-
joined (he army at Fayelteville, about the tlier delay I heard purl of a conversation
';;2(i Jan., 1814, a^ a substitute in place ! between Gen. Jackson and an ollicer. who
of Will: Roger, who was a volunteer; and j | believe was a Captain of the Hanger.',
continued from that time until be was ar- (Capt Hannard.) iu whiih convereatioii
re-ti'd lo mess willi me in the same tent. | ibe (Jen. told him ihil he must be in or-
Woods was about eighteen years ol I at der on a certain day to set on the Court
this time, and whs the youngest child of .Mailial of a felluw who had mutinied, and
his aged parents, who were then, and bad ' who he expected would have lo be shot,
been tor some time, living near neighbors The ollicer appeared very reluctant lo
tome. I have seen an I examined the! act; neilher did he sit on the trial. Fiom
oeililicates of Thomas Cnuch and Hoberl | hearing tins conversation I became very
Fer^ruson relative lo this same mailer. I ' uneasy, and got leave of the oflicer of his
was not present at ihe di-piite which took , guard to carry Woods his victuals, which
place between .Major Camp and Woods, was generally cooked in our iiiessv while
but immediately afterwards heard the ; ivilli Wo.ifls I persuaiied him to enlist as 1
circumstances detailed by various persons \ was fearful of the event Irom what I had
in Ihe same manner as stated by .Mr. j heard; the prisoner appeared to acqui-
Couch and Mr. Ferguson. .At the time I esce and I left him; but when 1 told liis
of Ihe quarrel I was in the f-'rt near the ] other friends what I had done. Ihey op-
lent "f Gen. Jackson, and was present ' posed it violeutly, stating that Jackson
when a runner came from M<j. Camp to I knew that he could not be hurt for what
inform the Gen. that a man had mutinied: I he had done, and only wanted to scare
the General imme<Ji,itrly rushed out ofthe I him to enlist, and gratify their spiti: in
fort and I followed him; when out, he i that way. — From this time until his trial
conmenced cursing and swearing, and ! took place nolhing particular transpired,
'askeil which was the man; anil Woods ' and our greatest uneasiness was at his
w.is pointed out to him, who was then long continement. I think it was on the
Avalking in a' strait direction to his guard 12th day of March that I heard his trial
lire ; Jackson still continued cursing and , was |)rogressing: i went to the spot, but
repeatedly, and in a great rage, reitera- was not permitted to enter within the
ted, shoot the damned rascal! shoot the . lines of the guard; the Court Martial was
damned rascal!! Woods by this time was i in session between two tents, and Woods
ap[)ri)aching near to his guard lire, when j was seated eight or len steps off on f^ome
Jackson commanded the guard, still in a \ logs, without any friend or adviser or
great rage, to blow ten balls through the 1 counsel to defend him. Col. John Wil-
dainncd rascal! As soon as Woods ap- 1 liams of East Tennessee was acting as I
prnacbcd the guard he gave up his eun I understood, as Judge Advocate against
iiod -urrcndereil himself pri-oner. The \ him. as he was making a speech and rea-
pener.il also bemeaned and nbiised the j iling passages from booivS; and I think
officer of the guard tor not obeying his i Lieutenants Fariish, Davis and Ensign
orders. Woods was immedi.itely put in ' Hall were the Court Martial; if there
iron;, and conveyed li>. ami kfpt under were any witnesses called lo testily in his
gii ird III the 30th licgiment, but was nnl , behalf I do not know it. neither ilo I he-
ki-pt long ironed as I iinder-loi>d. .\fter , lieve il; after looking on awhile my heart
some days the fnonds of Woods, among yearned for what I then considered was
whom was his brolhcr. became uneasy at the jierilous silualinn of the boy, and I
his delenlion in conlinemenl, but withoul turned away and left the place, and he;iid
any apprehension of Ibc sad catastrophe nothing more of his fite. until next d.iy
which WIS to follmv. j was requested to from ten to twelve o'clock, it was read in
speak lo Geueral Jaciison, and according- general orders that Woods was lo be shoi

JOHN WOOUS.

ISA

at 12 o'clock next (lay (14th.) Soon after | hood, did not know that they were

»his I received inieiliijence thai Woods j ihfm.<elves falsifiers?
wished mc lo go and stay wilh him, uutil The statement of Miller, the Green
he left the world: but before 1 went, in county witness, is nailed on high, as one
conjunction with Doctor Fore and other?, j of iiif^j^ojt profligate falsehoods, tliat
I handed about a petition for a Portion i (action ever attempted to use, in an
which was signed as I thnu<;ht and be- 1 j|^j^j,j„,,j^j ^^,^„^„„ij^._ He slai ds con-
licved by most ol the othcers ol the army , ^.j^.^^j ^^ ^,^^ atrocitV of calumniating
«na I understood also by parte the Court ;^j^^ j^,^^,^ ^^^^ J^^^ ,^^ never rc-

Marfal; I was present -J"" ' '«; « ^ '- ' ,,!,,,} i„j„ ,o flatter the living, from
tions were handed to the Oeneral. out i • -^ i i . i ;■ i

whether they were handed by myself or ! ^\>">m, I'e no douht, hopes lor reward,
some other person I do not recollect. Af- 1 io me he is unknown, ai.d wiih uch
ler some general conversation on the sub j a wretch I have no wish ever to i.econir.
ject, I approached the General and told | aciiuailited. His story, that General
him thai the prisoner had requested me .Jackson came to the place of execu-
to go and stay with hini until his death, lion and offered Woods a pardon, upon
This the Gen. did not refuse; but before condition he would promise to conduct
? started 1 made another ellort to obtain j himself with propiietv,and that Woods
his paidon I begged the General to take | ^q, only refused lo do "so, hut cursed and
into consideration hi3 extreme youth and defied 'him, is absolutely in. redihle.
mexperience, that he had lelt behind him ^^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^,^^ 1,^^^^^.^ ^ ^^_

iwo aeei parents who depended upon him .■ a .- ,i i- » .

. s \ . r . • ,1 1 r • ment s reflection upon the sub eet. can
tor support and comloit in their dechuing: -i c? u a- u »

years that such a de^h would c«u.=e,l ^flieve it. Such an offer could not

have been made by Ocn. Jackson,
without great impropriety; and n»

them great sorrow and distress. The

Genera! replied that be was sorry for his _ ...

jjiirents. that there had been several ca-l man under sentence of death, could ex
ses t>efore approaching to mutiny in the
camps, that there was need ot an exam-
ple, and said he by the Kternal God he
must be the example, or he must die. 1

pect pardon, upon otijer terms. The
wickedness that could invent such a
falsehood, and the folly that could give
it currency, are lamentable evidci^es

lelt him and went to the prisoner, w here i of the blindness of party zeal, and of

1 staid until the guard came to take him j the intemperance of party passion.

to his death. jj seems to me, that upon the certifi-

wi!l further remark that at the request ^^^^ f,.^^^ Tenicssee, there can re-
ot the prisoner, 1 wrote down a stalenient > i i . xi ^ n- i

of his feelings, and his last farewell to h„ I mam no doubt, that Woods was a mere
Father and .Mother, and sent them in a I you^'' of about eighteen years of age.
letter to my wife, which was done m I "ho had been m service only about six
rhyme and the public are at liberty to j weeks, when the alleged offence was
see it. committed. Mr. Brock states, he was

On the news of the death of her son, i mustered about the 2-.'d of .lanuarj.
old Mrs. Woods (as I have been inlbrmed ! 1814, and he was executed on the 14th
by my wit'e) fainted and appeared like i of March following. As some days
dying all night, of this 1 feel certain that j intervened between the commission of
she never recovered the shock, and in a the offence, and the time, it is evident
few years laid her grey hairs with sorrow j]^p could not have been more than
in the grave. PDnrir 1 about six weeks in service, aid daring

GLUKGL A. bKOCK. j,^;^ short period there is no allegation

The documents presenting both sides
of the question, so far as any have been
published, are here placed fully and

of misbehaviour, on his pari, ( xcept in
the case for which he siiff'red. AVhen
I say there is no allegation of this na-

fairly before the reader, without omit- ture, 1 lay the statement of Miller out
ting any part of them. Every candid l.of the case, as wholly endeserving' of
man is asked, to say for himself, whcth- 1 the slightest credit, for the reasons that
er he does not believe that the Tennes- | have been already stated. Let us then
SEE,*N gave a true account of the case | look at (he character of ^Voods, the
of Woods? and whether those who ■ nature of his offence, the co;uliict of
have attempted to brand him with fahe- ' the commanding General toward; hiiT;

nc

JOU.\ WOODS.

and the cruel punishment inflicted up- 1 concerned, must have penaded the
on him, and ask ourselves, honcsth, if | minds of all independent men. The
there could well be a more wanton and |ljrst nii^tit operate upon the worthless
barbarous execu ion perpetrated u..dcr coward: nothing but indignation and
the forms of law? dciiance could enter the minds of the

Major Eaton admits that the exccu- brave. h>ucli were, in fact, the conse-
tion of Woods produced "great excite- \ quenccs, as stated bv Major Eaton him-
wen<." He adds, it produced ** /Ac j self, in direct contradiction to his own
■most salutary effects.''' Tne first allcga- 1 assertion, that ^ tlie cxeailion was pro-
tion is true — 1 sliali show bye and bye, 1 iluctive of the. happiest effects.'''
that tiic second IS not — Why did the | This assertion is to bdjlund on page
execution of Woods produce "t''«o'f*x- 152, of Major Eato:r> botjk, and the
cilanenlf'' Tliis is not usually produc- time relates to about the middle of
ed in an army, ny the execution of one, March, 1811. Oidy two pases furliicr,
who has committed a military of- on page 1.04, we are informed . that
fence deserving death. The admis-1" every thing was moving in opposition
sion of Major Eaton, [iroves conciu- to his [the Gcnerars] wishes. The
sively t!iat tiiere was something uncom- east Tennessee brigade, under the
mon and extraordinary in the case of command of Doherty, having been ic-
Woods. And who that reads the facts, structed to halt, nnlil adcfjuatc supplies
can say, there is not? should be received at head quarters.

The ^•sacrifice," Major Eaton say <, ^ had ahead j manifested ?,i(7)i_y si^mploms
was " essential to the preservation cf good of revolt, and rras ztilh diffuvtiy restrain-
ori/cr.'^ The General said '■'■there was cd from abandoning the field, and rc-
necd of an example.''^ W oods was made ' turning imnicuiatrly home.'' And again,
this ^•sacrifice,"' this '' rxa/n/j/f." And upon the same page it is asserted, ~on
Woods was a youth, almost a child, the morning that General Dohcrty was
He was executed for the first otlencc; about to proceed to iicad quarters, he
an olTcncc committed in camp, upon was astonished to hear the drums beat-
sudden excitement, and under great i ing up for volunteers to abandon his
provocation from an insolent sulialtcrn ramp and return hohie. J\'''jt:i'ith':tnnding
superior. Surely there could be noth- 1 all his cforts to prevent this injurioiix
ing salutary in such an example ! Com- 1 m/^nsurr, one hundred awl eighty deserlcl.''''
misscration and indignation were ncces-j Major Eaton's book is miserably de-
-arily the predominant sentiments. — | fective in many particulars. tVith
ilence the -'^reaf exaVf men/" spoken of j respect to dates, it is so remarkably
by Major Eaton. I contused, that one may well doubt

The conduct of the General, too, whcdier this confusion does not pro-
was calculated to etlect any tiling; cecd from design rather than from any
rather than a salutary example. He ; other cause. We have days in abun-
acted like a savage partizan, — '■•SAi)9/! dance, but it i* oltcn impossible to find
the damned rascal .' shoot the rfwrnncry ' by any reference to the preceding nar-
rascal! put ten balls through the damned h'ni'ive, in what month tiie davs arc
ras.'alP^ Three witnesses certify that i noted. It is so in this case. Tiie exc-
the General used tlii^ language. — ! cution of Woods is placed '■'■ ahoiU the
W'itntsses who live in Tennessee, and j »ii'/'//<'o/"/A'' ni>»//i."' What mouth wo
cxpt>se themselves to all the vengeance' seek for in vain, in the !\Iajor"s book,
of the General and his partizans. We It is connected, however, with the ad-
cannot suppose that they would thus vance of Lhe troops under General
expose lhem=elvcs, unless t'.iey felt all Doherty. The disposition to revolt,
the consciousness of asserting truth, and the actual desertion of one hun-
tliat makes an honest man rosjardh'ss of drcd .ind eiglitv are related as or-
conser|tionces. What salutary exam- curringin Gen. Doherty 's command, as
pie could be effected bv the execution' subsequent to the execution of Woods,
of Woods? None other than that of; and prior to the battle of the Horse-
fear and horror. If the first wa* ex I shoe, which was fought on the C^7th of
ecutcd, .so a deep abhorrence oftiiose' Mircli, 181 I. Now let these ficts be

JOHN WOODS.— SIX MILITIA MI.N.

1 31

connected, and we sce,at a £;lance,with I effect it. I trust there is a spirit, in the

uhal easv nonchalance Major Eaton country, th:it will rise superior to thc^^e

(Forts of falsehood and domination,
and (hat, standing t'ortii ill t!ie majesty
of truth, will, coTisign liie perpetrator
oftlie wrong. ai:d his syco[)iiantic min-
ions to the toritempt and ncjjlect tliey
all deserve, verifying the maxim
''that truth is mighlij cmd shall pmail.''

asserts the thing that is not. Wood
was shot on tlic 1-Uh of Man h, lull.
The Major tells us — "rkceicaUion u-tts
productive uf the happiest rjfixts: order
WAS PRODUCED, and tfiat opinion which
had so lottg prevailed, that a jnililia man
■u-as privileged, and for no offence liable
to suffer death, icas from that moment
td)andoncd and^ stricter obedience than

HAD BEEN practised AFTERWARDS,

tharacterised the army."' Two pages
•• aftcni-ards" in the book, and between
the 14th and 27th of tlic same month,

we are intbrmod tiiat tlie east Tennes- jthc six" militia men, executed at
<ee brigade >'ma«//c*/t'r/ 7«f/»_i/ «^"m^/om.s ' Mobile, in Feb. 1815, under orders
iif revolt" — that "one hundred niul eighty \ from Gen. Jackson.art'. familiar to every
deserted." And on page l.'>5, we are ^ political reader. Mucli has been said
told that '•'instructions Inj Major Gen. and much written and pu!)lished cov.-

SIX JiiLiTiA :.ii:.\.

The general outlines of tlie case of

Coc/ce, had been given, than in t)w. event
any number of the troops should be marched
back, he icould take upon himself to dis-
charge them from all responsibility, on
l-hcir return to Kaosville.

All these acts ofinsubordination, and
of actual desertion appear to have taken
place immediately after the execution
of.Iohn Woods. Yet Major Eaton has
the assurance to allege that "the cxe-

cerning it. There has been some con-
fusion as to the true state of facts, anu
some attempts on botii sides, to disguise
if not misrepreseiit them. The docu-
ments recently laid before Congress,
connected with other facts embodied
in history, enable every candid and fair
man to take a full view of the whole
ground. This view 1 have tjiken care-
fully and attentively, with the fixed de-

cution was productive of the ha[)piesl termination to' inibrni mvself rightly
elTects." Surely never man wrote ' and make up a judgment, upon which
biography with »uth ardent zeal to ex- 1 1 would be w iliing to rest my character
alt his hero's reputation, and with so ' as alawy^jr, stkI a man of integrity. ;J
little regard to his own. never have deliberately and linow-

The facts I have collated, and the ingly attempted to pass any deception
reflections I have made,' in my opinion, upon the public: and, in a case of such
clearly demonstrate that the execution i high importance as this. 1 should deem
of Woods, however it might be str-ctly j it highly criminal to make such, an at-
legal, was a most cold i)looded and bar- \ tempt. My present purpose is to prc-
barous aj^ It was not calculated to ; sent the whole subject, in the light in
be u-efui%i an example, and it had no which it is impressed upon my

such effect. It was a wanton sacrifice
of life, in a case where every feeling
of the human heart, every sentiment of

mprcssea upon my ovrn
mind. This 1 shall do with reference
to its diffe ent l)earings upon the lecal
rights of the individuals who suffered.

the soldier, every motive of a sound and upon the considerations which niafl
just policy called for mercy instead of i have operated w ith Gen. Jackson to
severity. It shows how injudicious as j inflict tliat sutJeriiig, ai.d .i[;on the con-
well as cruel.Gen. Jackson would act, sideration which ought to have induced

and it plac -s beyond all reasonable
doubt, his unfitness for the station of
chief ruler, either in the camp or out

a diflerent result.

The mditary committee in Congres-.
witli all those who support the Gener-

ofit. The conduct of his vindicators, !ars course else^vhe^e, seem to think
from Major Eaton to Samuel H. Mil- that if theiegality ofthe sentenceof the

ler, demonstrates a determination to
sustain their hero, no matter what sac-
rifice of truth orofhonoris necessary to

court martial is made out, they have
made a complete defence for the Gen-
eral. I entertain a very ditlerfnt oj)in-

iM

SIX MILITIA MEN.

ion. Ill crises involnnij llic life ofaltained no limitation of the number of

portunt, but it is not of the highest ira- 1 On the contrarv, it authorized tlie
jjortancc, espetially to those who are ' President '■'lo mil furth such number of
empowered to administer tlie Uiw^ltlie mililia of (/te stale or stales most cou-
without strict regard to their letter. — | vcniait to the place of danger, or scene of
Tiiis is the province of a commander- j oc/jo/i, as he may judge necessari/J''

in-chief, xvho»e duiy it is, as it should
be always liis primary object,to temper
justice « ith niL-rcy. Such an otlicer
may be deeply reprehensible for per-
mittiiii; the law to take its course. In-

On the lOlh of April, 1812, Con-
gress passed another law " to authorize
a detnchmrnt frtrm the mitilia of the Unit-
ed States.'" This latter law was of a
different character entirely from that

deed he may incur a more severe cen- j of Feb. 1795. It directed the President

sure for an omission to moderate the u,o reijuire of the Executize <j ihe ,neral

rigor of the law. in an extraordinary ! .s,a,„ 4. Territories, to taJ:e effectual tnea^

ca>;e, where full time was allowed to; ures to organise, arm It- equip acconling 10

delibera'.e. tiian for the hastv exccu- ' /oti'. ami hoU in readiness to march, at a

tion of an illegal sentence, under ptcu- 1 mom nts -xarning, ilieir itEsHEiTivK fbo

liar circumstances. rvH-noM^^of one hundred llwusand militia.

T"! TM-Vi. r^^ •.4i„ Ciu TJ„. „ , ofRcers includ il, to be *ppoi\tkd hv the

The MilitaryCommittecol the House ^ ■ , , c.l ,t ■, , c-, , r ,11.,
-„ •■ . , . il ^ ,L 1- .' rrtsidenlof trie Lntted States tromtlte latest

of Reprcsentatiyes state that the tirsti .... / . ,, r, ,•' , ^„. ..
.r ,111 [mxUlia returns tn tlic JJciKirtmcnt of liar.

question presented by tiie documents

j(,. ' There is this marked distinction bc-

, ,,., ,1 .1 /^ » err tween the two acls: Under the first thi-

'• \\ hether the Governor of Tenncs- „ • i . 1 1 n ^ /• ,1

, , ,, . I , .1 President could call '"from the. slot--

sec, had tiic power to order out the , • , , ,j. ; /• j

> / L , /-.k vr c.l * f t mos conrrnnnt to the pi tier of dnnszer,
detachmentsof the mihtia of that state,' , , /■ ,1 '■,,■ j^

,, . .• J , ri \^ such number of the mtlilia as he may

for a SIX month tour 01 duty? . , v. n j .1 j i"

„„ . •• ,, , ., Ijudscneeessan/. Under the second he

1 hey nionnuare ail opinion that the y -^i , , " 'h r « „u 1 . •.

-, • ' ,.^ !., ,, ■ could only call from each state, it<

Governor ot Tei'nessce did possess tni> " •■ ,- 1 1 i .1 ►

■ • i,i ^ 1 i'"HROPORrio\ ol one hundred thousano.

power. This opinion they ground up- r, . , . ,. ^ ,, ,

' , ./ r •'," ,1 I Both laws remained in force. Ittlieex-

on an aut lonly conferred upon the 1 . 11,1 ,1 n 1

" ,. rr.-' 1 ,1 n ■ iigencv could not be met by a call under

Governor ot Tennessee, by the PrcM- »,-'„„, ,-,^ ,,„ .-r,.^. „._

dent, dated January lltli, 1G14. I'.

the law of 1 SIC. the law of I79j, was

entertain

directly the re-

in force to enable the President to

an opinion iiiiL:i,u> im,- il-- , n /• ai 1 r r *i

,.,,,' 1 1 .I- r, make a call for the defence of the

verse ol that advanced by the military ] , u . ,1 ,!„ a:-

. 1- u I 1 II J.' country. But there was a wide di>-

coininittee. (or which 1 siiall proceed to ^. ^. • . . .. ,. ^,1 r,„

■ ' tincfion in the situation of the militia

state inj reasons.

On the 28th of February, 1795.

called into service under the dill'erent
i acts. Under the first they could be

Congress parsed a law -to provide for ^.^^^p^n^.j j^ serve only three months,
calling forth the mililia. &:c."' This j^^j they were subject'lo be punished
law authorized a general call of the ^^^ regular soldiers," even to the dogra-
militia, according to the exigency of j.^j^^,, ^f whipping. The third see-
the case, it contained the following ^1,,^ of the act of 1012, provided "//wf
provision: I the said detachment should not be com-

"No officer, nor commissioned onicer.i,(.//(;f/ /„ scr;r a lonser time than sir
or private of the militia shall he com- < months after they arrived at the place of
p.Ued to serve more than three montlis.' rfjirfe^roits". And the 5th, 6th. and
ailer his arrival at the place of ren- 7th sections provided, that whipping
(l(Zvous,in anyone year, nor more than should not be inflicted, and substituted
in due rotation with every other able other punishment-. Thus stood the
bodied ni.m, oi the same rank in the law when on the 11th January the
battalion to wiiicli he belongs." I'rcsident conferred upon the Gover-

Under this law no mililia man could ; nor of Tennessee, the power relied
be re(iuired (o .serve more than three , upon to legjilize the draft for six montb»
months. One thing must be remem-j in the case before us.
bercd. Tlii« law was general and con-

Srs MILITIA 3IEV.

i5f

unless sootier discharged by llie order
of the Presidenl."'

It is proper to remark here,that these
dociimfiits sh9w (hat tlie Gojieral Go-
ver'.mcnt and St.ilo Govcriimciils act-
ed upon tlie coriHtruction of the acts of
Coiigress, that tlin^e a>sunied to he thft
correct one. The drafts were made
for no specific period, being considered
subject to " (W other liinilntion to their
f^cnicc, thin snch asTvas provided /or by
the acts of Congress."

Ill this lottcV of Ihe 10th of Decem-
ber. Governor Blount hpving stated the
claims of the troops and the nature
of the call, proceeds to explain the
grounds upon which the claims "are
made, in a manner favorable to the
troop-;, a!:d asks the dcterniinalion of
the President as to theirdischarge, and
if dis'harged •' b:/ Tehose orkr, and how
their phices are. to be supplied?''''

To this letter the Secretary of War
wrote an answer, dated Januaiy 3d,
1814, which in respect to tiio miliiia
contaiiis this direction:

"The militia may be considered as
havii'g been calh^d out under the law
of 1705, which I'mit-; the service to
three months. The President is the
lished, is dated December 10, 1313.— n^^re disponed to make this decision, as
It states the nature and cliaracter oi ji,(. ^^^^^ j^^, provid. s that a period of
the Tennessee troops called out to act | (hree months shall be d-cmed a tour
agamst the hostile Creeks: and n Lfdutv. and as the spirit and patriot-
states also the clanns th-y advanced to ,5^ ^p, kvxkssee leaves no doubt.that
he discharged at particular period--.— , ^^ s„(,j,^ss,o^ op cori-s. roMPErf:fT to
Ol the mihtia the G .verier says:"/] ^j,j. „Pj,f .j,^ op govern-ment, will be
uji'/frs'/rni'/ [they] m-cofopuuon thu thc,r\ regularly furnished."'
term ')f senice hhU expire at the end of -j-i,;^ ip^gj. contains noihing in an-

To give a correct construction to
titiis power we must consider, the laws
in loice wiien it was given, and tlie
particular facts and circumstances that
gave rise to it.

Tile au'.hority given by law to com-
pel the service for three or six mont is,
depetidi'd upon the nature of the call.
{(■ called u uler the act of lSl2,aspari
of the ''detvchment"' of one hundred
thoa<:a id, th^ mil tia might be cnn-
pelli'd to serve six m > it is. Ifcallel
under the law of 1795, it was limited
to three. In neither case wasany par-
ticular discretion vested in the Presi-
dent. The draft v.a-< made accordiig
to the cxigeicv. The persons dratted
coul 1 not bg d'.-tained longer Ibanil-.e
legal p-riod of sciTice. The officer in
comma'id could discharge thCni earlier
if the oSjects of the draft were earlier
efTccted, a id not otherwise. Such was
(lie law in January, 1G14, when the
power in questio-i was conferred upo'i
the Gover-ior of Te;ines?ec. I will
now explain the circumstances undor
which that power was given.

Tlie first letter from Gov. Biount to
the Secretarv of War, wiiic 1 is pu'>

tJirec viontha from their entrame into ser-
vice: ih'il being cpiinlcrci by the miV.tii
ffTJj of the sl-iie, passed prior to the act of
Congrc's under which the del'ichnirnt zcas
mule, as a tour of duly."' He adds:

"When these troops were c:ilied in-
o service, the term they were expect-
ed to serve was not mentioned, in the
i.istructions I received Irom t'le War
Department, or in the act of the Gener-
d Assemblv of tliis state, under whic!

swer to Governor Blount's inquiry, if
the troops were to be discharged '■'by
u-hose order nnd ho:o their places are to be
mppUci?"' — ^Tiie letter of the llth of
January is evidently written for the
purpose of conveying the iuformatioii
required, and is in these words:

'^ You are authorized to supply, by
militia drafts or by volunteers, any de-
ticiency wliich may arise, in the mili-
tia division under the coniniai'd of Gen.

d part of the force was called ou'.| Jackson, and without referring on this
neither was it mentioned in my orders } head to this department. It may he well
talUntr them out. I not havirigbee: that your Excellency should consult
advised of the most acce jitahle term to ! Gen. Pinckney on such oi casions, as he
the Government, and knowing no other ! can hist Judge of the whole number neces-
limitalionto their service than such as | sary to the uttiiiument of t'^e public «W-
wa« proTid&fl by the ft^t #f Congress,' je;t-=.'

13*

SIX 9IIUT1A MEN.

These two letters from the Secreta-
ry of War of January 3, and January
II, relating to the same subject, and
evidently written to make a complete
reply to the ap]ilication ol" Governor
Blount, in his letter of' Decctnlier 10.
jTi-eccdin^, must be considered in con-
nexion, and >ucii construction given to
them a-: shall comport with the fair
meaning of both.

sons assigned for making this decision
were such as must continue to operate.
They were •• ihe laic of iht ■ilaic,'^ and
" the spirit and patn'olinn nf Tennessee,"
which insured "A succESbios of corps
competent to the ohiccls of Government,''^
Wiiilsi t!ie law of Tennessee, and "the
spirit and patriotism of Tennessee" re-
mained, the causes which i.ifluenccd
the President":- deifrmination lemaincd

The military committee conceive | in full force. It would seem obviously
that tlie letter of tiie 1 1th '• vested absurd, that tiie President should cm-
ple:iary powers in Governor Blount, | |)owcr the Governor of Tennessee to
until it was rcro/rc*/ either iiy express I overrule a decision, made, by himself,
order, or by peace, to call out such j upon such obviously just cossid-.ra-
militia drafts, as, in his discretion, tions. Notliing but the most uncquiv-
he might think necessary, for ttie. ob- 1 ocal and imperaiive terms could jus-
taini.ig the public objects under the j ti(y such an iiiterprclation.
ar.'.-V/'io- Ifiws."' The ordcr,conic;rringthe power,con-

Thi> position, ifconfined in interprc- tains no language importing an iiitcn-

tation, a« it is in terms, to powers UU'
derthe laws existing when the author-
ity was conferred, that is, under the

tion to vest the Governor of Tennes-
see, with any other power than that,
which the President had previously
laws of 1795 and 1812, there would | exercised, which was to call out the
be no occasion to controvert; for it does j miliiia. \vithout defining the period ol

not affect tlic argument. Neverthe-
less, it is proper to enquire wlietlier
this '•'plrmmj pomcr"' was intended to
vest a discretion, ii> the Governor of
Tennessee, as to the time of service,
Jis well as in relation to the propri-
ety of tlie call, and the numbers to l)e
called. My opinion is, th.at.the (erm=
in which the antliority is given, and
the attendant circumstances concur, in
sliowing, that the power conferred re-
lates, not 'o the time of service, but to
the exigency and the number to be
called.

Il has been already shown t'nat whe-
ther the call were made under the
act of 1795 or of 1812, the Executive
dill not undertake to s])ecify the pe-
riod of service, but left that to be de-
termined bycircumstances,subject only
to tlie limitations conveyed in the law-
tliem-^clvcs. It is unreasonable to sup-
pose that a power, not previon.-ly exer-
cised, would be conferred in general
term-!. The attention of the Presi-
dent had been specially called to the
subject. The indisposition of the Ten-
nessee militia, to serve for a longer pe-
riod tlian three months, had been ex-
plaii'cd to \\\m. Hchadjust decided
that the rail shouUI be considered as
made ur.dcr the law of 1 795. The rca-

the c;il!, and subject only to the limita-
tion of law. On the contrary, it con-
tains language most distinctly import-
ing that such alone was the intention of
the President — The Governor is ex-
pressly told that •• it may be well he
should consult Gen. Pinckney on such
occasional as he can best jcdge, of ihc
\yHOLE XUMBE1 ncccssarif to the attain-
ntrni of the public objects.'^ A power is
vested in Gov. Blount: i>ul he is ad-
vised to consult with another ofliccr on
the '•occasion''' of exercising it — he is to
cotisull with this oflicer for tlie reason
that he can '■'hrsi jul^e' how the powei-
should be executed. The order poiatr
out the subject on wliicli tliis judgment
can -best" be employed: " Of the
ivholc number necessary to the attain-
ment of the public objects." This same
olficer could also "Acs/ ;Wto" of the
time of the service for which the call
should be made. It cannot,! thiidf,
be reasonably doul)ted, that, had the
Prcsideiit referred to Governor Blount
a determination as to timk, he would
have, been directed to consult General
Pinckney upon tliat subject also. This
rel'erence being made specially, as to
numbers only, fonlincs the interpreta-
tion of the power, to th"^ s;une subjects,
to whiclt its previous exercise, and ail

SIX 3IIL1T1A MEN.

lUl

the attending cirrunistanccs nouM nat-
arnllv conruic it. It was plenaiy fur
the attainine'ii of its objerts: hut lo
regulate the period of service was not
oiie of those objects.

Ttie act of A])/!!, 1812, v.-as special
in its object* and temporary in its du-
ration. The n^ilitary conuiiittee say
•' it was an enlargement of tlie act of
1795." This position is untciiable. —
Tile act of 1795 was left in full force,
and wholly unafKcted bv the act of
1012. They related to'dilVereiit ob-
jects, as has been already shown, and
might l)oth, or either, i,<e enforced, at
the same time, according to circum-
stances. A call to service under the
act. of 1312 must be itiadc upon those,
who, .ncrording to its provisions, had
been previously organized, cquij)ped,
and held in readiness. A call, under
the act of 1795. could be made upon
the militia at large. Ttie call, in re-
lation to which the order of January
3, 1814, was issued, was evidently
made under the act of 1812. It is
sospoken of by all parties, although not
stated so in express terms. The men
in service were undoubtedly liable (o
serve a tour of six months. Upon ac-
count of their complaints, ai.-d the
evidci'.t reluctance with which thej-
would remain in service, the President
d'etermined that they "may he consid-
ere'l os having been crilkd under the act
ef 1 795." It seems to me a vioI:;lion
of 'dl just construction to insist, that,
when the President hini>elf had deem-
ed it good policy to adopt t!ie sViOrles!
term of service, when he might legal-
ly liave enforced the ionge-t, he, at
tiie same time, meant to confer upon
GovTrr.or Rlount a '■'• plcnaiy power"' to
pur-ue a directly adverse policy. It is
thus clear (o me, that under the laws
in force, when the power was confer-
red, it did not extend to a determina-
tion of the period of service. I pro-
ceed now to enquire how far the
power was aflfected hy the act of April
18, 1814, under which the six militia
men were put to death.

This latter act, as its title imports,is
in addition to the act of 1795. It re-
peals no single provision of that act;
hut, on the subject of the time of ser-

vision. The 8th section is in thc^c
words:

"The militia, when called into tlie
service of the United Slates, by virtue
of the before recited act, may, if in llw.
opinion of the. President of the United
States, the public intnrsl requires it, lie
compelled lo serve for a term not ex-
ceeding six montli>, after their arrival
at the place of rendezvous, in any one
year."

It will lie observed that the act of
1795, which has been alnady cpioted
contains simply a limitation of the time
for which the militia may he compelled
to ser\e. The act of 1812 contained
a similar provision; the act of 181 4, for
the first time, vested, in the President,
a discretionary power, with respect to
the period of service, and. at the same
limo limited the extentof that discre-
tion. The provisions, of tiie act of
1795, were not repealed, by those of
the act of 1814. They were left, in
full force to be acted upon, unless the
President should decide to enlarge
them, as empowered to do by the act
of 1014. Thus, if a call were made
for ;i tour of duty, it would be made
under the act of 1795; for the act of
1814 looks to that of 1795, as authori-
zing a call lor militia. The period of
service would be thiit limited by the
act of 1795, unless it were altered hy
the proper act of the President, in ma-
king the call. And here the tiuc
question as to the legal liability of Col.
Pipkin's corps, to serve six months, is
fairly presented ; and it involves two en-
quiries, First: Could the President of
the Ufiited States legally delegate lo
the Governor of Tennessee the power
conferred by the act of 1814?

Second. Does it appear that the
President has ever attempted to dele-
gate tliat power?

I cannot suppose that it is necessary
lo say much on the first point. The
doctrine that *^ elelcgalus non potest dele-
oari," is as well established as any
oUier, Mithe whole region of our juris-
prudence. A delegated power cannot
be executed by substitution, because it
is a person;;! or official confidence. —
The question whether militia, called
into service, may be retained longer
vice, it enlarges that particular pro- 't'lan flirce months, in one year, is made

IZZ

SIX 3nLlTIA M^S.

cretiun, should d- facto anl liejure. be Ihi* opin-
ion .It llif Fresidenl, •' llial -uclj .Irifls were re-
miiri'd bv the pubUe iiilt 'est."

This ijifcreiir:, viurCtiumiiltre rnore.m-ri*--
kfrc, lithe-, thought it iiere<sar« in go into siicb
ail Hivt'stijation, ini^/it br tu.-taiiU(H)y the ruii-
ti-ioiior.irv coii-(ru(,ti»n'^ whi. Ii were ainii (o
ihisclau>i-i!i tie art of 4i>r:l,l8l4, in the ictiiil
li-creti.in which wai vested iu the KxecuUves
of sc'vorul of tile stales."

T!ie firit para<rr;ip!) ru-sutHcs that the

to depend •'■on the opinion of the Presi-
dent of the United Slate?.'' The Presi-
dent ca;iiioi make a subsliluie. or ddi-
ga e, to rxpioss tilts opinion. — He can-
not co.itidi; it to the Gov rnorof a state,
or to a:iy body else. Congress conti-
ded it to liim personally. It, was a
trust of grcal delicacy and imporla-ice.

It involved too many vital interests to - - ,— ...^...,. . <^-^u.«..^ i..<iii.,tr

be ves;eJ in ordinary functionaries-, power had l)icn jLria:;ted pievioMs to
and was tiieiefore conferred, withoii; | ^l^t- act of 1814, and argues lh.it ii ex-
any povver to dck-i;atc it. upon the|'*'cd. because not "rrcoLvd,"' I have
Chief Ma!,'istrate. It would be as rea- ■'''♦^adv shown tliat tiie order of Jan.
sonahle to insist that the Pre-ident U N '814, contains 40 Mich power, for
migtit delegate any of the high powers 1 \''"''"U' reasons, a; ^1 amongst others,
collided to him by the constitution. — | lor the roason that, when that order
T lis 110 man of sense can pretend, yet. 1 ^*'^^ made, the President did not him-
iii truth, it is not more ab-uid tlian the) *^'''' possess the power inquestion.it

being given by a subsequent act of
Congress. The fallacy of this assump-
tion of the committee must be oi)vious
.-..j.,v ,^ „^.,.^ to all, who bestow proper aUention up-
ularonc. They seem to have too high- !''" t''e su'nject. Tiey evidei tlv feel
ly estimated their characters as men of' i^ themseivc^s, when thcv attempt to
tiensc to advance, dirocilv, the doctrine ''o'''*-"'" '' up "ith the co dud: gargj-
tliat the Prc?idenl could delegate the 1 •"'^•'^ of the paiagiapli. " He seems
power in ques ion to Governor Blount; 1 ^^ h^we been williig, from his silence,
yet tlicy have essayed to make that im- j ''ouj'h d with the notorious fict of Gov.
pression upon the public. Thus evin-l ^'oiml's continuing to order out mili-
cing a willingness to communicate, byj^'''^ drafts, under the discretionary au-
indircction.an opinion, which thcv had p'^o^ity of those letters, to consider that
toomuch self-respect toassertin terms, '^''''h 'li-nfii -,c n,^, «,-,...,. ui . 1.- .i ■

pasidon that the power in question
miiiht be delegated.

The course pursued by the miliiarv
committee, upon this subject is a sing-

drafis as Governor Blount shonld

d

1 quote wliat they say, m cxtcnw, that I "'J'-"" out were, in his opinion,rcquirc
every candid render may perceive that '*>' i'l'-' pu'ilic interest.'"
1 do tijem no injustice.

This argument implies .tiial there
was no authority in the President to
call out militia, after the act ofl8l4.

"After the pa'sncre of (his nrt, it ilops not ap-
pear that tlie President rfiofrfrf tlie pnrrT which I '

he hail Kiv.-ii Gi>verii.,r Bloaiit? hv virtue or;<^sc,''pf u idcrthat art. Ileiicc the dc-
ihcl,ur-,y,fthes..,r,iirv ..f W-.r/orthe nthjdnclion t!iat tile continued art- of Gov

auiOlstoIJa iTirvJS 4: l)iithr..e.Mi.siohavellJ|„„.,, . ,, '" "'^'0\-

been willing from his filenre, ro,i:,le.l «ith th.. I ,*"'^ "'^^'^" 'l'fO!-"''-li 'll hy the PiVsl-

iiotorious fact "f (> iv. BLmii's ciiitiiiuiii- to [ ''<^'''f? •'^' founded Upon that act. But

or,ler.mt miliila .IrafU, ..n.lorthe l.screli ir.y 1 this in CVorv view of it. is an i .correct

auni..rit\ ol 111 .M- lellrrs(.i cnn-ii.iir thit «iichl -.• 'ni "' '■• i^ "" i .corrcc r

dniftsa- Gov. lilo-iiit shoni.l onler o.it,«ere, I'li ■ Pos'tion. 1 ho art of 179j, was in full
his opinion. r>(|iiiroii "by i\tv pw'j/ic intrresi." j lorcc, when tile powcr of .Faiiuarv 1 I
;^.'.''' .:V''."''.i"":'"."*"™ "''•,'.'•' "'" '.*"* 1'^'>P'- 1 1811, was conferred. It contiimed in"

«iii >n maybe nut more ■iiliriiiiillvei\ , (o wit .
that it wris lhe".i;.inio>i of the Presiil'-nt, ihat
the niibliciiiii'reit iliil reniiir""' tliat G.ivc-riMr
Bloiiit «h .'lid, iiieler the advi-cnicnj, or hv tiic
rc<|ii|siti.)nH of (Ji-ii. PiiieUiiey, have the p'owiT
to order out oiililia ilrrifts, either lor thiiv. or
six months, as tlie ••xigei.cie* of the fcrvice
shoold rentier neces-ary, ^'■irilh-iil k/ti;,,,^^ „„
tA/j /(corf," to the Pri'.-lilent, for «|iceiul<firi-c-
tioos.

Tliix driiitrtinn they consider irre«is|ible .ind
conclii^ixe, iind thai llietc was no'hiin: in the
H'-t of .April IRih, ini4, > lii< h pn-veiitel thr
Prefiilrnl irom exi're?«tiiij his opini.in, Ihron-h
((eoer.il iiislriii'tioiK, lo the Kxeciitiieof a ■till

full lorce. for every purpose of exerci-
sing that power, alter tlic pas,«age of
the act of 1814. The Jhet. that Gov.
Blount continued to act u-iderthe pow-
er, proves nothing, bec.-iuse it wascom-
petent for him to do so. if he did not
connect with it, an exercise of the en-
larged powers conferred upon the Pres-
|idenl, by the act of 1814. Tl:e recog-
jniiion and silence of the President,
therefore, proves nothing.

wlioso order? for militia draft., iiudcrfiich (lis-* The second paragraph goes a step

SIX Mll.lTIA ItTESr.

133

fuillicr than the lii-^t. The commiKcc
sa\, tlicy " Ihiiilc ihin proiwsilion mav if
p>'t more ajlnncilivcli/."' ^Vhclhev tiic>
ihieiid, upon thoir own responsihilily
a'lC ri'pulalion, so to put it, is certiiinl)
diuUtlul, as every one will discover,
wlio atlrmpts to fcrutinize the very sin-
sulfir manner in which they predicate
their sei:lc' ces.

In the lliird paragraph tlie commit-
tee assert tliat the\ consider tiie de-
duciion suggested in the scco ;d one as
" iiresiflible ami fo?ic/w«rcf,'' and for the
nota!)le reason, " that there ions nothing
«.\ TIIE ACT OF Ahril 18, 1814, vhkh

light for the committee aiid for Gen.
Jacksoi , when I admit that it may be
douhilul whether the power could be,
iir was conferred. Sui)po^e il doubt-
ful, how then siands the case?

The committee, those rigid construc-
tioni-ts of power, are ready to jnsiify
putting men to d.atii upon queslioiis
of deduclion Mvi iiiferenrc. The propo-
sition, upon which lilierfy, life, aid
dealh have been suspended, tiie advo-
cates of the ce''sured party •' think
MAY be pill more nffirmativrli/."' ''Tiiis
DEDUCTION they fonstV/p/- irresistible." —
''Tills iiifrrence they belin-f might be

mu-t be the opinion of impartial men,
when partial friends ve;ture to employ
no stroi ger terms thai- these! For my-

prdcnled the Preai'kul Jrom rTpressingl^u-<ia\ncd."' Who can doubt, what
his opiniuiulbronghgriifral instntctions,to ' ' ''"" " '^'

the Executive vf a state, u-hose orlers for
viiiitia drafts under such discretjon, ^
should DE FACTO mid df. jure, be the I self, after bestowieg upon the subject
opinion of the President, that such a lull investigation aiKkicarefnl co^^sid-
drafts were required by the public in- eration, my opinion is clear, thai Gov.
fercst." Blount was not authorised by the Pres-

Therc is ecrlaiidv nothing in the ident, to decide in favour of c,omp<llinc
ACT of April, 1814, wiiich prevents the, militia to serve six mo: ths: that it was
President from expressing his opinion, not competent for the President to con-
fer upon him that power, and that t'.e
President never attempted orinteidcd
(o CO ifer it. And I am greatly mista-
ken if a large portion of the lawyers
of the country do not concur, in this
opi'iicn.

For the purpose of sustaining the le-
ualitv of the executions in qnestion,
the military committee adduce proof
to show, that tlie regiment to which
they beloniied was, in fact,orderi-d out ■
and mustered for six months. T!ii$
fact the commi'tee seem to consider as
supplying " /ps'n/ y?)rsu»i^//o?i that the
muster ai d inspection was rnade with
tiie requisite authority." in reply, it \t
sufficient to say, that *' legal presump-
tion'''' is never resorted to where the
true state of facts is well known, as in
this case it is.

The committee urirc that on thclOth
of October, 18l4,G'.verMor B!"u t ad-
vised the President, that tiiis regiment
had been called 7>ut for. six months. —

in the manner suggested. — But assu
redly, there is much out of that act,
in the general principles of [olicy and
law that prevents the Presideiit from
express nghis opinion, bi/ rrmoining 'ilent,
O'd from subs'itnting others, by im;>li-]
catio., to express the opinion the law [
requires him to express himself.

T le committee themselves do not
pretend that Governor Blou't pos-
sessed the power, in question, except,
bv deduction and inference. If 4he
President could ifht legally confer it.
as I think has been fully shown, tlie'^
Gov. Bliiunt could not be invested witli
it. — If it be matter of just and reasona-
ble doubt, whether the President could
invest Gov. Blou;it with this power,
then nothing can be more unfair than
an attempt to clothe him with it, by de-
duction and inference. Tnis would
be fastening upon the President an il
legal ac', by implication, contrary to
every just principle. For if it were
doubtful whether the President meant The committee say" he specially re-

to confer the power in question, and
dou!)tful also.whether he could legally
«onfer it, both doubts ong'it to be so
resolved, as to exonerate the Presidct
from even the imnutation of wrong. —
I put the case in the most favourable

PORTED this regiment of 1000 rtun to the
Serrrtary of War as in srrzirr for six
months; from which fact the infirenc(
is inseparable that they were co"-id-
ered leijallv in service, or it was the
bomiden duty of tlie Secretary to have

i3t

SIX flnriTfA MEX.

•rtlortd their immediate disrharge." —
Thev add, " if any confirmation was
wanted for the original aiKhority, bv
which the draft was made, for six
nio.iths, Gov, Blount's report of 19lh
oi;()clober,and the implied sanction of
the President, inconlcstibly furnish'it."!
Here is another resort to inferaiec\
and impliailion, and the irround upon '
which they are predicated is not fairlv |
stated. The reader would naturally j
conclude tiiat Gov. Blount's report of
October 19, was made specially and pin--
poi'chj to advise the President that this
draft had been made, and for six
montlH. Tiiis is not the fact. An;
examination of that K'ttcr will show
that it is mentioned incidentally, a^
wojild ai)pear, only to inform the" Pre-
sident of tlie whole number ofTemies-
see troops tiicn in service, for the pur-
pose of obtaining a Major Genemrs
comniuid fur General Cirroll. I( is not

I of military officers ; and t>et>vecn proreedings
I withiii ttie builjr ..t the country aiid those on llie
hiL-h seifi. That iiu|,licit obciliciice which mili-
tary luf-n usui.llv pay to the onlcTs oi" their su-
I'crii.rs, which indeed is iudr5[>eiifubl^ Di;ce!»ary
to every military system, appe^ired tomesiiong-
ly toim.dy the i;.-ii)cipleth:it those onlers, II not
to perlorm a ;.rohibitcd act, oui;ht to justify
the persoii whose general duty it is to otjcy
them, and who is placed by the laws of his coun-
try in a situation which, in jjeneral, rcsiuircs
th;it he w.oiild chej, them. I was stronjlv in-
clined to think that where, in con^etiueucc oi
orders from the Kvilimate authority^ a vessel is
seized with pure intention, thr claim of the in-
jured party f.ir d.images would be aiiainst that
government from wnich the orders proceeded,
and would be a proj er julicct fur negotiation,
liut I have been convinced that 1 was mistak.n,
and have rereiled from ihis first opinion. I uc-
■piiesce in that of my brethren, which is thit
t.ie mstruclious cannot change the nature of
the transaction, or Icgaliie an act which, with-
out those instructions, would have been a plaia
trespass."

lilvely that the period oflime, forwhicli '
the call wasinad-;,all!acted the atten- 1
tion of the President: And if it did, his I
silence could not sanction it, or make
it legal, had he designed l)v silence (o [
give it that character. T\w. infcrenee\
and implicalion of the committee ngjin |
fail them. The fact is not made out, '
and if it were, the inference attempted '
could not be legitimately deduced j
from it. I

Tlie committee do not, in terms,
maintain that the call and muster for !
six mo!i(hs, w hcllicr warranted by the
order of (lie President or not. subject-
ed the parties lo military law. This
has been elsewhere asserted, and seems
to be about half insinuated in the re-
port. Sucii n doclrine is w hollv unte-
nable. It is tlie law, and the law o.dv,
that imposes a duty. The assumption
of authority by unauthr.rized iidivi-
duals cannot do it. This is the plain
doctrine of common sense. It is the
doctrine of the law (oo, as thus laid
down by Chief Jtistice .Marshall, irr (he
rase of Li/l.'c el at. vs. Boire.me cl al, '">
Crattc/t, 179,

"I confess tlic first bias of my min.! w,i^ very
strnn; in favor of the opinion, that (hnu.;h the
iiislniclioiis of the executive could not 't;ivc a
richl,lhi>y mljht vet excu'e from dnmaees. I
wa.« much inclined to think that a distinction i
on^ht to he tjkeii between nrt« of civil uuti those '

In the view here presented, the call
for sis months is considered as unau-
thorised, a!:d consequently as imposing-
no obhgalion upon the men to continue
in service. 'I'hose who regard the
matter in this light, cannot but consi-
der the execution as a legiili-e'lmmder;
leg(ili:at, because perpelmted under
the forms of law. But other highly
important views of the matter leinai'n
to bu taken, including all the facts and
circumstances of the case, and testing
the conduct of Gen, Jackson by them.
It is certai:ily clear, that theGeneral
;!nd his advocates can claim nothin"
more than that, in the opinion of them^
selves., s(-ict right was on their side of
tliti question. They canno). with anj*
face of propriety, d(?iiy that there exist-
ed much room for lionest doubt, and
conscientious difference of opinion,—
This being assumed, as a concession
that must be made, let us look at the
(acts that actually occurred.

The men were mustered for a term
of six months, as they believed, without
any legal auliiority. Difficulties had
arisen amongst the previous drafts, as
to the time tbiy were liable to seiTe.
Gen, Jackson had in.sisted tipon keep-
ing them in service. On an appeal to
the President, an order bad been made
for their discharge, at ihc end of three
nionihs. The sentiment amongst the
citizens of Tennessee was strong in
favor of a service of three months only.
The whole coitdiictofthc militia proved

Mix WIMTI.\ MftV.

13d

tliis. Gov. Blount liimscll, in a letter
to tiio Secretary of War, d.Ued Jan. 5.
1814, urges forcibly t!ie propriciy o!
adopting this teivii. He says:

•• The idea of a longer term to mili-
tia, wlio, I believe, are all alivt; to a
sense of duty, and anxious for a final
and via;oroiis pros<cution of the cam-
pai£;n to a final accompli*! nnenl of the
o! jects of govcriimcnt, is disgusliiiff,
•^■anrl if required of thnu lo perform
a longer term, liieir disappoiniinent niight
tend lo great cvi/s, which it is very desira-
hle to a-ooid.'" J^

The excilinu lo mutiny, and the niuti-
nv itself with which they were charged, It is attributed to the '■'■instigrttimC of
w'.rc comniillcd, in the assertion ofi certain officers; but wlierefore they
what thev conceived to he a legal riglit. should '■'■iusligide?' it we are not inform-
Tii-' criminal and felonious "motives, ed. The residue of the month of Mo-
whlch constitute the essence of every vembcr asid the Month of December
crime, did not enter into their conduct, were spent in ci iminatious and recrim
The sole intention was to return home,

dchniie characier. With a part ol this
force Gen. Coffee fought the battle of
Tallushatches, on the ,?d of November,
Gen. Jackson that of Tallrdeja.on the
9th of the same month, and Gen. White
destroyed the Hillabee towns on the.
17lh, and Fort StriUlier was establisiied
and fortified on the Coos;i river. At
this place, at'ier the return from the bat-
tle of 'l^alledcja. thc>- troops began to
manifest a discontented and mutinous
spirit. Whilst the existence of this
spirit is strongly pourtrayed. and its
opcV.itions minutely detailed, r,o ade-
quate cause is assigned for its origin.

as they supjiosed they had a riglit to
do. It was from no spirit of ii.su'ior-
dination, no design to prejudice tiie
public service that they acted. So that
if they were in fact mistaken as to tlieir
legal rights, they were guiliy in act,
and not in intent. The offeiirc was
that of technical guilt, not of deliber-
ate, or innate profligacy. In every

Illations, between tlie commander and
the men and their oflicers. Tiiough no
cause is given for the commencement
of the discontents, the question as to
the period of service, very soon came
up and cop.stitnied the ground of dis-
pute. Gen. Jackson insisted upon de-
taining the men beyond tiie period for
whicii they considered tiicmselves
bound. The ofScci's claimed their dis-

view of the case, it was one to which i charge. Governor Blount rccomaiend-

clemency ougiit to have been c-xtcnded
• 0 far as life was cor.ceri.cd.

It is very important to enquire and
ascertain, if possible, the considera-
tions which must have operated with
Gen. Jackson, to inflict the most rigo-
rous punishment, in a case, where a dil-
lercnt course was so o!)viously proper,
and so much more in accordance with
the feelings of humanity and tlic senti-
ments of justice.

An attentive perusal of the work of
Major Eaton cannot fail to impress, up
on every reader, tlie singular fact of
the many difficulties that arose between
General Jackson, and the Tennessee
troops of every description, under his
command. — He took the field in Octo-
ber, 1813, with three descriptions of
force — a corps of United States Volun-
teers for one vcar, who entered the ser-
vice December 10, li)12, a corps ol
Tennessee militia detached, under a re-
quisition from the War dcpariment,

cd it, all grounding tiicmselves upon
the validity of a three montlis term on-
Iv — Jackson threatened, expostulated
and coaxed. Actual disregard of oir
ders ensued. Gen. Roberts dischar-
ged his corps. Lieutenant Kearney
arrayed his men, and presented liim-
self in hostile attitude to the very per-
son of the commander. All resultea
in the men effecting their olijccf, re-
turning home, and escaping piinisl'-
ment. None can doubt the mischief
of tills example, but it certainly pro-
ceeded from tkc unjustifiable attempt
of Gen. Jackson to compel that, which
the law did not warrant.

After all these events. Gov. Blount
issued his order of the 3d January,
1814, for a draft of 25 hundred men
'■'for a term of three months'' expressed
upon the face of it. Thus aliirming
the opinion prevalent in Tennessce,that
three months was the legal term of
service. Theunfortuiiate John Wood'^,

fnd a «)rps •( volunteers, without a executed at Fort Stroiher (or mutiny.

-ise

SIX .MILITIA 3IEV.

M irrh 14, was one of these. General '■
Corko al«o bro!ig'rit into the fi-ld 2500 !
Die .u iderBriyidierGcncral Dolierlu
TIk- lethality of t!ie draft, u ider wliicli
tliey '.v.-re called, was made a <iue<tio:i :
and it was roiiiitenaiued livGcii. Cocke '
himsflf. T re troops l>e< anu- ope Iv ;
mtitiiii.iis, and "one hundrel mid ci^hliA
desiThd."' W'e liave no accoirit lint:
any of tiiem were punished, thoujrh :
J;ick-o;i issued an order "to seize and
send II der (.'uard lo Kort Strothcr ev-!
cry o/KcT, without regard (o \\\< r.mk,
who should he found, in a'ly manner. |
afeinplinii to incite his arniy to mu-|
tiny."

The hatlle ol'Uie Ilor-e-i^hoc, whirl
put an end to the Creek War, wa>
foiii^hl on tiie 27!h of .March, 1814;
on the 20;h of .April Gen. Piiick'nev ar-
rived ar,d took the command, and on
the 21st an order was issued for tho
Tennessee troops to be marched horn
a'ld di-chari;ed, except a portion from
East Tennessee, left to irarrison the
forts. Gen. Jackson's command bein<,'
tcnni-ated, he rel-jnicd hon.e, and ie
t!ic moMth of June following, he re
ceivod the appoi'ilment of Major Gen-
eral from the United Slates.

Fr.-.ni tliis brief recapitulation of
facts, it is manif.!st, that Gen. Jackso;'
had felt a stroMj; di<po-itio!', wliijst
comni i^'ding ilic militia of Tennessee,
as a .Major General of that state, lo 1
coiii/jcl by mlji'ary means, a service
beyo.sd the law. " That he bore his
disappointment very impatienllv, is
evid -need, by the continued brtils and
dis.iiTections in his army, which per-
vaded the miliiia under no other Gen-
cr.d, to a':v liiin^like ihe same e.vient.
It is furl!ier evirle'Kcd !)v his speeches
a!,d lell.Ts; and especialU by a letter
to G 'V. Blount, in reply lo one ura;ing
a want ol legal authority lo order ou*
lrooj)sas required.

"Wliiit llieii is to he (l.iiio? I'll toll yo.i
wli:if Y.iii h ive only (■ini-f inCi I'lr cnesnan '
dr.Tsinn the critic ilrniMiiils in' nil "ill br hpIi.
Henri int a Oirre ru.: ized for six viont'is, and '
WiM. .vNswm FOR Tim REscLi: lull irillili.i;.
it mill all is lust, lh< rppiitiiliiin of the state,
ainl yours itiiil minpaloiij: with it."

In the =ame letter, the General says
to Governor Blount:

" Belipve me my valued friend, th. re a'e
limes when it is highlv criminal to slirii.k fr-m
rt>?i)..n-ibilily, or .Ji^sckci-i.e .<bout tuk

EXERnSEOF I'-JR PVWKRi.".y^

There is no mistaki*;^.; the language
here em|.loytd. The Generaf o; ly
wanted the troopssent lor •• six monl/isJ'^
He cared not wliat the law was. Q |y
send himth- troops, and he would "a.v-
swER roK THE RESULT." He would
'either '■•."hrin!,- from rmponsibilili/, i:or
CcCT'scroi'le about the exercise ok
IMS POWERS.".^ \Vhe!i the troops
were sent for si.\ months, hciuade good
I his promise.

j Gen. Jackson's notions with respect
to the militia, and the uses to which
they might 1 gaily be applied, may be
furtl.er collected from a letter written
to the S' cretarv of War, dated 20tli
Nov,, 1814. (Eaton 2tJ8.)

''Permit me tosuagest a plan,whic!),
ora fair ex|)erimeiit, will do a«av or
lessen the expenses u.der ihe existing
mode of calli g militia forces into the
■ ield. Ifhcir.ver there happens to be a de-
li'iencyin the rrfriilarfmc, inamjptirlk-
■ilcr qunrler, let the ' Goieniimul ilcter-
initie on the nerrKnri/ number! Tins

[should be -VPfORTIOXED AMO.NO Till;
DIFFEPE.XT STVTES. C^fAND C.\LL-

I:D INTO SERVICE FOR AND
DURING TIIK WAR.-'j:::o

The sentime ts here avowed, the
controversies and diOicuIlies that had
existed.in all of whicli Gen.Jackson bore
a co'snicuous part, serve lo es[>lain
the feelinjrs and motive*, that led to
Ihe catastrophe of the six militia men,
at Mobile. The General determined
to make them such an example as
should strike terror every where, and
efli dually silence all objeclioiis lo his
own arbitrary notions about miiitia
service.

They were called into service .ns the
military committee informs us, "iu
compliance with the requisition of Maj.
Gen. Pincknev. and in fnrliierance of
the views of fJoven mo: t, bva l;ilitude
■,'ivcn to liitn (Gov. Blount) by li.e War
Meparimenl. in regard to ealls to act
'i!;iiinst the C/w/i-.<:,"aiid rendez\oused
on the 24'h June, 1814.

The call is justified upon the aiiihori-
■y of tiu' power co iferred. bv the leiler
rom t'lc \V;ir DeparlniPiil of January
1 1, 18M. By iliat lettor the Govci^ior

81X "t'lT.ITI I MKV.

JTi

druTs a.'iy d.-Uciencics wucii m;iy "mr
}fi //;• milltdri/.iivisio.i itih.icrlhc 'vtiiinund
o/Gm. J.ickxon.'' Wluni llio reqiiisilion
ill (^'iL-stion was made, Gen. .Jack>oa
\v:is ot ill tlie ^•commanfi" oi' a"*' militin
dhi':ion." The case did Mot exist for
making the ca 1 uadcr tlio lelicr of
, Ja: u ly 11.1814, whicii did not ex-
tend •» to calls to act agiiiiist the Cirdcs"
in aiiv circumstances, aud at any time.
Ii -vas coifined in express terms, lo
•'•niti/ drjictency which may arise in the
miiilia 'liviiion vnrler the cnmmand of
Gen. Jackson.''^ Tiiat divisinn was no
16n<j;cr in service. Tiie Creeks had
been suhdiisd: hid laid down their
arms a!;d *ou'^ht for peace, ai.d Gen.
Ja.:kson had reiuricd home, a' (i laid
d.Kvn his comma-.id. The rendezvous
bi i;!g appoi' ted for the 20(h of June,
the call must have precidcd it some-
thirjg like a month, at a time when
G"':. Jackson asid iiis division were no
lo i^iT in the field!! The call, there- j were not the ease, and F shall certai: ly
fore, cannot, for this reason, be main- not assert that it was, tiien the canse
(ained upon the letter from the War must be souglit, either in the circiun-
Dopartment. to which it refers. stances of peculiar hardship that sur-

AZ''iin. The Creek Indians being' rounded tliem, or in the cliaractcr and
CO ii|uiMed, there was ncillier invasion I conduct of the general. Whatever of
nor immi eiit danger of invasion, in ] extraordinary iiardsln|) they cncoun-
tliat part of the country, from the i tered, there is every reason to believe
C-eek Indians, or any other enemy, j that the Georgia militia engaged ii; the
Co':-efjuently no p*ower existed in the I same service, at the same time, under
President himself to call out the miiilia Gen. Floyd, must have endured about
a-- called out hy tlie GoVernor of Ten- j tile same sulTering. No spirit of muti y
nessee. of wliich these men formed a [appears to have existed amongst t-. em.
part, at the time tlie call was made, j So that tiie lair conclusion seems to be,
For hoth the constitution and the law [that the principal primary cause must
tonline the power of ti.e President to be traced to something in the charad^
cases of invasion, or imminent danger i ter and conduct of their chief,
of invasion. The draft was illcjgal

Tlic lEKt tiiai tiiey acleu opc..i_* .;• d
honestly upon a belief of their K-^al
rights: the additional fact, that t e
(juestion of right was a nice, con. pli-
cated and doulitlul one, to say, titc
least, presented tliem in (he cbarac'ef
of men resisting what they deemed
oppression. In this resistance lliey
used no more force than wa- necessary
to iittaiii tlicir ol)j(ct. I have newr
known an> case hut tiieirs, in which
men, thus dcmcanitig themselves, "ere
considered proper subjects of rigorous
example.

I have adv^er'cd to the fact that no
such spirit of di.--ro;,tent and mn■i^y
was manifested b^ a:'V militia during
the late war, as by tiiose from Tennes-
see, under Gen. Jackson. For this,
there must have been some origi:'al
or primarv caoise, and in secknig for it;
wc would naturally ask, were the T.u-
nesseans more turiinhnt than any other
citizens called into service? If tUis

The first campaign of Gen. Jacksoii
was made at the head of 2600 Iwehc
months' volunteers, who mustered for

upon both of the grounds here suggest-
ed, lo wit, that Gov. Blount's power

did not embrace the case; and ixisti:)gl service on the lOtli December, 18)2,
fai ts did not authorise a call, even by land with whom the general proceeded
the President. Thus, an analysis of fromMashviile toiSatchez.in the m-.ii.th
previous facts to ascertain ttie origiii

of Gen. Jackson's feeling toward-; the

of January, 1813. For wiiat purpose,
and under what orders he made (h.is

m htia, discloses new and irrefragal>le march, is. and always has been, un-

gr; u'lds to prove that Ih.e mci: were il-
Uigally called, and illegally detained in
service.

T'lc considerations which ought (o
h.'vr weiglied with the commander,
to vt';^w wit 1 leirit v the •'■> idurl of tf;«i.-ie
mn<uhave alrfvidy be^r. in part st{(ted.

N

known to the puMic. There \s some
reason to doubt whether it was not
chieflv a movement of his own. Major
Eaton, however, says, he received or-
ders to descend the Mississippi, "■ for
tile d'ti-^ce of t'le Ic.iver cou; try,
wiiicb was theu si.y//<«4ta /• be in davger''

138

SIX JtllLITIA KEN.

At Natchez he halted, as Major Eaton I volt, and as has already been sliown.
asscns, according to in!.tructions, to j finally succeeded in eflecting their ob-
Wait for I'lirther order?: and at N'alch< z , jecls.

he received orders '• lo dismiss those
■under his iommand from service, and lo
take measures for delivering over every ar-
ticle of public properltf in his possession, lo
Gen. Wilkinson.'^ Tliis order he de-
termined to disobey, and did disobev.
Hi? reasons for disobedience were, the

These facts, in my 0()inion, warrant
the inference, that tlie disobedience of
orders, so successfully practised by
Gen. Jackson himself, was the primary
origin of all the misciiief? that succeed-
ed. The volunteers had witnessed a
most palpable aiid open violation of

injustice and hard-hip of dismissing military law and military discipline. on
the men so far from their homes, to the part of their general. They had

return as they could.

In consequence of this resolution to

seen him seize property and provisions
to sustain him in his disobedience.

disobey his orders, great controversy ' They had seen him, not mere Iv escape
arose between the general and his offi- punishment, but receive applause,
eers, and the quarter-master. The \ Nothing wa« more natural than that
General not only refused to dismiss the [ they ?hoiild imbibe tiie same spirit, and
men, but he refused to deliver over the i communicate it to others; and thai all
property as ordered, resolving to take should suppose themselves justified, iu-
v:ith him ^ so rnmh of that property «s following the example of their general,
should he necess'iry to his return." Not- , in acting upon their own notions of
wil'istanding the contrary directions of right, when lliev thought pr<)|)er to do
th- quarter-master, General Jackson so. The success which attended the
05" " Seized upon the u-aggons yet . mutinous efforts of the forces first
zcithin his lines, and co^iPELhED the7n ^o ' marched against the Creeks, could
proceed to the transportation of his sick.^' not IJiil to have an effect upon all sub-
I (|uo1e the very terms employed by secpient corps and to diffuse amongst
Major Eaton, who is iiy no means them the same refractory spirit. When,
sparing of insiiuiaiions vcr\ prejudicial therel'ore, the six niilitia-inen, put to
to Gen. Wilkiuson, and the oUicers death, and their associates ?entenced
who advised Jackson against the vio- to degrading punisiiment, deserted
latioii of military subordination, of such ! from forts Strothcr and Jackson, and
dargerous example in an army. ("jcirff/"' the public property to sustain

Gen. Jackson marched tiiesc volun- ' them, they did but act upon the ex-
teers back to Tennessee and dismissed ample set by Gen. Jackson at Natchez.
them. Ti)e giivernment overlooked, JVhcn about to suffer, thry mighl ucll havi
his contempt of authority, and )\\s : said to Gm. Jackson: "To the evil or
seizure of public property, and permit- j your example our deaths should be
ted him again to take the command, ' attributed." To tiie government they
Tvhen it became necessary to repel i might have said: "Bi/ countenancing

the attacks of the Creek Indian*. These
same volunteers constituted the princi-
pal force with whicli the general
marched into tlie Creek nation, in Oc-
toi'er, 1813. It is to the ollicers of this
same corps that M.ijor Eaton attributes
the commencement of mutiny and re-
volt,in November a;id Doceniber, 1813.
The militia tii-st manil'e-teil this tem-
per. But Major ESton observes, " To
thismea.-urc ttiere were good evidences
for believing that several of the ollicers
of the old volunteer corps exerted them-
selves clandestinclv and with great in-
dustrv, to instigate lln-ni."' These vo-
Innteei ■» =cini) bf'caijne the leadoj'* of rc-

and reicnrding the jnntinous acts of Gen.
Jackson, you brought disobedience aud de-
frrtion into the militia of Tennessci; and
have injUcted a cruel death upon ws." In
both cases, the rebuke would have been
as just as that of the son who l)it off his
mother's ear under the gallows, be-
cause she rewarded, instead of ])unish-
ing, his first youthful acts of aggression.
I am not now investigating the con-
duct of the court martial, though 1 hold
them deeply censurable, for tlie course
they pursued. I am impressed with the
opinion that they were men of little
information, and not nnicli independ-
ence. Except the Pusident, Colonil

SIX MILITIA HEN.

I«9

Perkins, they were i.omiiiiitcd by Col.
Pipkin, wlio" was ihe ostensible prose-
cutor, and who has since shown that
his feelings remain suflicienily excited
against the sutrercrs. Col. Perkins
had hiniseir romniilted acts of insub-
ordinaiioii, during llie Creek war, that
subjected him to punishment. — His
arrest had been demanded by Gen.
Coffee, and Gen. Jackson had inter-
fered to get him excu«ed, upon the
plea of " ignorancr nf tnilitary drill/.' —
[See Eaioii, 130. 1.2.] Tliis plea is
no favorable evidence of his (pialitica-
tion, whilst the other circumstances of
his case show that he was, most pro-
bably, a special favourite with the
General.

The decisions of a court, thus com-
posed, ought not to have a decisive in-
fluence with the commander — And all
the proceedings and proofs are uni-
formly luid belbrc him, that lie may
deride for himself, in approving or dis-
approving their sentence.

When Gen. Jackson perused the
proceedings in question, he perceived
that all the acts charged against all the
sentenced persons were in substance
the same. They all related to tlie
departure from the army to return
home, on the allegation that the term
■«f service had expired. The conni-
ving at mutiny, the exciting to mutiny,
the actual mutiny, and the disobedi-
ence of orders, were but separate parts
of the same final act. Captain Stro-
ther was tiot found guilty of a( tual mu-
tiny; hut he was convicted of ex<iling
to, and conniving at mutiny, and of dis-
obedience of orders. The sentence
did not touch his life — Yet assuredly
an officer wlw excites to mutiny, is the
most gricvious offender of the two.
His example is most dangerous, iiis
crime the most reprehensible, and he
ought (c receive the most exemplary
punishment. This Court Martial did
not think so: an evidence at least, of
very incorrect judgment, either in the
case of the officer, or of tiie men.

Of the six individuals, who were put
to death, tiie case of each required from
the General, a careful and candid ex-
amination, because the reference of the
sentence to the General is a substan-
iial, not a formal matter.

Jacob Webb departed from Fort
J;ickson. Neither the charges, nor
(he testimony, accused him of any oth-
er act, than a simple departure, ex-
cept, that after the departure he was
seen at the head ol tiiose vvho had de-
parted. He stated in his defence:

'•Tiiat he served three montiis lliifh-
tuUy, and coi.ccived, from the best in-
formation he could get, that his term of
service had expired: that he was told,
by ijoth non-commissioned officers and
privates, that it was nothing but right
to go, and as soon ns he discovered his er-
ror he relumed to his iliily.''

Tins sentence, under tlie circumstan-
ces, stands in singular contrast with
tliat pronounced in the cases of James
Nelson, Joseph Routon, A. Whitton,
and Robert B. Roberts. Thev were
cliarged with mutiny in this, -that tliey
forcibly took beef and flour from the
contractors agent," and "marched off
with the mutinous party." They al-
leged the same defence, and added an
expression of regret, and a call upon
the mercy of the court. Though found
guilty,they were not sentenced to death,
but to the lesser suffering of stoppage
of pay, shaving of heads, and druming
out ef camp. As they added robbery
to mutiny, one cannot but be surprised
at the moral conceptions that inflicted
tlie lighter punishment upon them.

David Morrow. He was a Ser-
geant, and was found guilty of car-
rying about a paper to get signers to go
home, of seizing flour and beef, and of
[leading the party that left Fort Stroth-
ep. He alleged the same defence with
others, stating that he had acted upon
" the advice wliich Le received from
his Captain, corroborated by the opin-
ion ofGen. Johnston, Colonel Chatham,
Captain Earp, as well as many others.
He threw himself upon the mercy of
the court and produced also the fol-
lowing documents:

'•Camp .-teivart, 1st Nov. 1814.
GENERAL OKDERS.
To all Officers of the United States'' Jirmy.

Whereas David Morrow, belonging (o
Captain John Strotbers cnrn|)any. attach-
ed to the 1st regiment Tennessee militia,
who dpserted from Fort Jackson on
the 20th or 21st of September last, has
come forward and surrendered |iiimself In

lU

SIX MIMTIA M^X.

thi»cam(.. h;.* arkr.oii IcJged th.- error ..|| l,eeii ki.owiV to ihe court a d o ihe
hi. om.u.:.. prolessed hi- pe,„ter.ce .. . comnianding Gc.:cnil. He »vaf a
h. ..me. :.ncl begge, pe,m,s».>n lo .-eacLer ot tl.e Bapu>: Ci.urch, .-.d-
j'.iii his coniiiiiny, ami serve out hi? linn i. . ,„ j ■ 'i , • , , ' ,

o.--e,uce. ordi.y,.. a .-..thiMl .ol.l.e, :.■'"?•*'" ^?'"'' "•\"\" d i. del. , a d

l»e ish.Teby pardoned, on reporln... ;iin,-^"f '•''"l"^'' ''I '"'-e Clilldrei , seve
seltio Lis companj . of Col. P. P.pk.n*. ""O'!;^ »'tTf .vou.g ad l;.lplc^^,
ivithoiil d

reoiineni ivithoiit delay, suljcii 10 tlie
will ■ I l!i.> commmiling Genera).

The oflirers conimamiii.g sit stniions,
ar-^ dire<-|p(l to f-inii-h him with rations,
an! the CMiti David Morrow i$ permitied
♦( j in Ca, i. lilackmore wl;o wiil siilT^ r
hiiti to iio *o. in nrder more safely <<• pur-
sue.his proper journey to his [ roper sta-
tion, by cmniiind:

GtO Dl FFiF.LP.
Jlil-iJt-Camp to tSria Ulu Taylor.''

lof

tlu- Generals ov u adini.-si-n, ii ..p-
pears i at 'lie culprit wrote a lei.cr
to him, alter his triwl. VVitli liie ciii-
tei ts o! tha; Icttc- \vc are not acquaint-
ed. That it was to obtair a (.aruon
by stating his ca^c. ad exprc si:ig coii-
iritioi! for lii.- oili- .ce ca : o; e rea.soi-
abh doubted. But he made :.o suc-
cessful impr.S'io 1. T ;e iiea.t o;' :e
commander was stieled. hv ^oin- c use

or other, against the pleadiigs of m-^^ cv.
It would seem to me that a stroi'.ger "'^^" addressed to him in the i!:o.>t
'C-'-e for rlf-menrv than thai made out ' movi: g vJluallDii, a f:i!!:er implori,.e ;o
for M Tiow IS seldom found, nhoro ' ''''spared to aid in tiie suppori ola ii. Ip-
thcrc i ad even !)ecii origir,al guili. ; lc?s wife and children.
Tie had voluntarily returned (o nis| IIknrv Lev.is. Hcwas fou-d ?u;I-

l.ige
, , - . ..re "as
y t he «-as deemed a necessary victim , no law to compel militia to serve Ion. or
to ex mnlify ju'^tico' ' ■ • ...

x,^ ..au .•.,u,.i...i.T iLiuiiicu iw iii> iiKNRV LEV.IS. Hcwaslou'd
d ity, confessed Lis error, maidfesfed I ty of asserting in presence of a
d -ep pcDJence, ard implord merr\ ; I portion of the troops, that there

.foH.N Harris. M'ich notoriety lias

than three moi'ths, thai lie would go
home on the 20th of September, a, d
would lake provisions wbere he ci'ii'd
get it, ai.d olmarchins off at the 1,'ad
of the mutinous pari of Caj>t. Mcijaiie'e

be n attached ro this man's case. He

wa.-; convicted of going throu^ih tl.e

c^mp 'o get signers to go home on

the 20th of September, stating that i Company.

he wotild soon have a lar<;er company )

than Captain Kilnatrick, of receiyinjr I No outrageous or viol-nt conduct

ad cooking his part of the flour a .d j "^■''s l""o^'d against him. His dof re

berf forcibly faken.and ofmarchinir ofi 1 '^■•''* ll»esamc in substance with thai o[

with the mutinous party, ai:d ornnt re-
purling those who were of the mutin-
ous party.

-No aggravated conduct was proven
against him. His defence follows:

•• The prisoner slates, in his defence,
th it he >va< tot;il!y unacquainted wiib
the nature of militia -eivire; that he had
fi' (lueiitly heard his oflicers say they
ktifiv of no law compclliiin; mililia to re-
main in service longer than Ihiee months:
and r om the opinio;i of other men of re
spc' t.ibility and inf innalion. he conceiv-
e.l his lerni of spr\ ire had expired; re-
luriiwl Ins gim to his Captain, uiufer that
impression, took up th.'? reci-ipt he had
givon for it, and departed from Fort
.I:ir!v«on. conscious of having tlischarsred
hi- duly."

He (00 was sentenced to death.

Harris. In addiliop, he expressed re-
gret for his disgraceful cour.-e. ad
threw himself on the mercy of the
court. But the court and theGei'eral
wece alike deaf to the cr\ for mercy.
Lewis was a mere youth, \y!io had
served Iwo previous lours of three
montiis, with re[)ut;i1ion ai;d honor.

David HrxT. The facts of wliicli
Hunt was convicted, were sayii^g hn
would go home, breakiitg the guard-
house,going oll^viththe mutinous party
a.'id n-ceiving a sh.ireof the provisions
Ibreihh taken. His defence was suh-
•itantially that of the others, the belief
that there was no law to compel iiio'c
than three months service, " that he
was ihrcalened into the act by others;
erred tiirongh iciioraiice,issorrv lor his

improper conducl, and solicits t))c
T)'MUc;h 1 ni eoled in the rc'-ord, the ! mercy of the court."' Hi- •solicit;' 'on.
.prniliaritios (^l' hi* case must l:avc'^w;ts as vain, as that of all who had

SIX unriTIA MEV.

iii

preceded liim. His lil'o alone could General,! ihouglu there would be do dan'^
su;i-ry his Judges and iiis Goneral. ' gpr in my son's returninc; to Ins post, and

Tiie facts disclosed in the followinsT, iicknowleaginij his error 11 lie commitioit
(x^riificatcs, show (lio characlir and;'""'- JA.MESllUI^T.

CO iduct of Daviii Huiil,in that ligiitinj SicrncJ in presence of Joiin Hoover,
which ihfv oug-:t always Lo III' roi^ai-d- 1 \V. 11. Itoberismi. ihomas Dunjuviiy'
0<l b} a commai.di-ig GLiieral, deciding! Jas. Wade. Jno. Matthcivs, William

) M.ittlierts."'

tipon a question of life and death.

■• 1 am tlio fiilher ol' David Hunt one
of I lie -SIX aiiiitia men' "ho ivere shot in
the United States army in 1815. It has
always been, and still is in ray opinion.
th^i my son did not deserve the death he
siitfered. Such coniidence had I in him.
thai 1 thonsriit him incipahle ot' comaiit-
Un^ an art for whirh he mistit deseire to
die .10 ijjoofninious death.

lii tlK- late. war with Great Critain. and
with llie Indians. I tonk great pleasure in
eqiiippiiiK loy soo David, that he might
eiii.';.i;e m the service of bis country He
went as a volunieer uith the first army
th.if marched against the C'ret k Indians
I iva> highly gratilied to hear that in all
the battles that were fought with the
Ciopks. he acted the part of a brave man.
as well as that of an orderly sobiier.

In IK'14, my son became one of tlie
gariison stationed at Fort Jackson. He
went there as a sub.-iilutp lur another
man Wiicn he engaged ivitb this man
it was the nncer-landing that the term of
service would expire at the end of three
months. .•Accordingly, at the e.\[iiration
of (his term, my son came home «ith
st-vf ral others, both oificers and soldiers.
3Iy S'O told me that he was advised by
persons qualitied, as he believed, to give
advice on such occasions, that he could
n (I be compelled to serve a longer period
than three months

Soon aflcr my son returned home, it
w i' ruaioiired that he had done wrong in
leaving the fort. U'e rellected (hat it
wa* possible he might have committed
an error. 1 theielore iinmedialely equip-
ped hiui nilh suitable clothing, and he re
turneil as early as he could to his post,
uilliDUt the least apprehension of danger
On his return, however, he was taken
and kept in confinement until the 21sf of
February, 1813 On which day he was
put to death. When I beard of his death

I was greatly surprised — the intollieence I j i ii i , i- i

n, I ' .11 .,- every lolcr.able undc-istandiii'r to com

was allogelher unexp cted. I mvselt ' i j ,i

had been a soldier. 1 had fought in the P'"'.;"*'"" " * "i.-

war of the Uevobition under Washington. I -^'>' contlusi.ins are:

Fi -m the little kirnvledt'c 1 had acquired [ First. — T.at Col. Pipkin's regiment,

fif military discipline ut'.der lhi« btiloved • of wliich tliei'e men composed a.part.

Edward Lixsf.y. He was convicted
of opening liie doorof tiic issuing Isouse,
taking out Hour, issuing it oii(,r('ccivi,.g
apaiiyaiid goingoir with the mutinous
parly, a:'d o( speaking words tending
to lead men to the act of mutiny.
Defence—" Acted incorrectly through
ignorance, regrets the impropriety of
his conduct, and implores the mercy
court." Semcnced to be shot. .

Suc!i is a brief outli^.e oC the facts,
in the case of the si.\ militia men. I
do not intend further to disgust the
reader by detailing the cases of those
sentenced to the lesser jjunishmcnts.
As the ciiaracter of the transactio'is is
(he same, it is to be supposed that
these .six were singled out for exam-
ples. Let all who are capable of just
reflection, decide for themselves,
whether the circumstances ofextei.ua-
tion which accompatiied eacli case,
were not such as to mark wiih cruelly
ar:d injustice, the rigorous execution
of the sculcncc.

I commenced this investigation, for
the purpose of taking a clear and dis-
liassionate \ iew of the whole case.
.Appeals to paisioii, to feeling, or to
])it'iudice, arc iiicomiiatible with such
a view. I have, therefoiC, abslaiied
from all such appeals. In consequet.cc
of this, I am sensible that many read-
ers may regard what 1 have written as
tame and spiritless. I could easily
have escaped this imputation: for, in
wading through the tr.insaction, rny
spirit has been often deeply stirred;
but 1 laboured, I trust successfully, to
repress it. I am persuaded tli.at I have,
narrated the material fai ts with lideli-
tv, and so arrainjed them as to enable

142

SIX miTLlA .1.IEV.>~HERO OF TWO WARS.

was not !■ 'J^Hy called into the service
of the UiHled States lor six months.

Because, i.> luthority was conferred,
ujion the Governor of Tcnni.'isee, by
tlie letter from the War D paitmeiit,<)f
J.iiiuary U, 1814, to make a call of
militia for six montlis, in Junt; follow-
ing the dale of that letter.

Because, the terms of that letter did
not authoriz J the call in the state of
facts that existed in Juiie, 1 81 4-.

Second, — That the offences i?hargcd
and proven, -were acts done in the be-
lief, that (')■! perpetrators wore exer-
cisi.ig their lej^al riglits; and in such

And slander's venomi-d sting. Untouclicd, uc

moved,
By passion? coiuiDun to uurtulity.
Untrmpti'd bi ambiiiun; — to ri'Vt-nge ,

An utter str.inger, :inLt froiu entnuu:- thought
As far ri:mo¥ed, as heaTen'saiij;t'lic piace,
i'roni IhL'deuioniar rage oldeciiest lifll.
ButtiKse wtTf vision; all' What do I lind?
All imitative palace-, planned in lasti-,
Toirratiiy poor pndf and low aoibitinn,
St:iiiclin2 exposed, as be.ginj lor apiilausc.
Surrounded by a hundred Siuoking huts,
All tC'ianled by Haul's posieritv^l
Who to the ciiicftaiu vassal homage pay,
Cringe at his noii, and startle wiien he frowns
As for the chief himself, hiiu ivhoai I deemed
' Of soul ex.ilted far beyond the touch
j Of grovelling passion-, far above the reach
] or the bise flatterer's sycojibantic arts —
Hiui I hiiv-" found surrounded by a crew

case It is enuallv contrary 'O ithe prin-! Of needy worlduigs, wretched parasites,
lirv. nml lh.> dirtRtes I .\y''o'■'•*'™.'^^ ^ "S'" '^.""'='>»^* '"a'le their

ciplesof sound policy, and th<; dictates
of humanity, to inflict exemplary pun-
ishmt-iit, even if the law were against
the accused parties.

Thirrl. — That the contests between
Gen. Jackson and the Tennessee: militia.

To greet his flattering hopi s, which indicate,
That he e'er loiii may do them service.
Domesticated in the House, I lind
A tu.jd-eater, in high authority.
Fawning upon the chief, and flouting all
Who approach to court his favour, or who claim
Reward for service rendered heretofore. —

during the Creek war, had im,nlanted IJ!!''- *''«■•"=- '"-^.[''''/"'^O''^'''^''"?' °'>'0"1.

" • J- • 1 ■ .1 • i 1 hat due necessity thus drives me on,

angry prejudices in his mmd against ; Ami binds my fortune to the chiettain's car;
them, to the indulgence of which, these ! 'of iioorly quahCed is he. ihe helm
unfortunate men were sacrifitcd. I 2L^^';','_''!''l'J'''''i!:°';"^'^'."'':".'''''l'"'.^
am much mistaken, if mo«t men, who
take the pains to read what I have
written, do not come to the same con-
clusions.

I -ubscrihe my name, because I am
willing to be responsible for tlie farts,
arguments and opinions that I have
advanced.

C. HAMMOND.

!\Iarch 24. 1827.

I'tirther Extrarls fiQin the Hero of Two ll'ars.
A\ r.NPt-'BMSnPD IMl.lMA.

Act II. — Scene l-

[Bark portic of the Hermitage. Enter ./in<».
■juary, musing.]

„inl. Wli It strange qreations fancy can sup-
ply :
1 had pictured in my mind the Hermifncre,
.Secpiestered from tlie nidc and bustling world :
Iiuliiisouicd 'mid the deep and shady groves.
Which art had planted. Iliad thoujht to lind
The humble ivy circlinj round its walls;
A gr.en sward lawn, ia front, on eilher sirle
The sportive himbkin fii^ikim in the ^hudo,
r.iublem' of irino(-enre and sweet liiiiiiilitv,
.Vrcordant ivilh tlic Chieftain's character;
Ada lied well in tranijiiilize the iiiiiid,
liivi coratr (he genius, and couiluce
To thought refined, ami aiitiiinarian lore.
The ma-ter I had <Iraivn, n« one whose life
Shone lorlh nl limue, a bright exeni;ilar
Of iilllhii hir professed — "or seeking fame,
N'or ^huniiiii,' d^ity when his coiinlrv called.

hains.
His fellow me-i ; and who submits himself
To giiulancc, such a'^that he now endures —
But lol becomes. — Heavens I was I overheard.'

[£ii/cr from the Hall, Hero and Lady Hero."]

Hero. Good Sir, I have heard what gives mc
much concern.
Here come> a strong report that in your land.
The arch Magician Harry, bears the sway,
.-^nd holds,
Securely a' hi? own, the people's hearts.

.inl. 'Tis hilt a hollew coalition voice:
For none Imt Hero holds the peoples' hearts,
.\iid their true feeliugs weekly arc proolaimcii
By faithful friend*. The Advertiser teems —

Hero. With falsehood most ab-urd. He likf
the ass.
In fabled story, brays most lustily.
But can'Kit hide his ears. The lion's skiu
Disdains to cover such an animal.
His brayingsdo me prejudice. Who trus(=
To insolent, absurd, and ribald calumnies,
Does injury to all connected with him :
Of this I've recent proof. The busy fools,
W ho urged ine on to call Buchanan out.
Have prostrated, almost, my highest liopc; .
But you, — I feel 1 owe you many thanks
For past and for prespective services. —

Ant. .My service runs before my salutation.--
I came not here wilh cmpty-liaiided promises.
Which empty thanks might well reciprocate.
For labour done a present compensation
Miiy well be claimed ; f.ir that to be performed,
Promise may be against a promise set.
And ilecmeil a reciprocity.

Wf ro. .Viid docs the m;in of learning nud re-
search,
Visit me as the licggared vagabond ! — like Bcv-

rrlcy? "^
And such as lie ? — to ask for present pence '.

-erenc and nnrourcrned miibt faction's slornis.' And future o'Viee' -Tis humiliating

THE HERO OF TWO WARS. MILITARY finEFTAIN.

^•■s

Alrcatly many hij;li ili^tiniuishcil namc!',
Stand in the gupol'lirst prilVi luent — wlienoc,
If I'm in.itle President, llicy'll iie'i-r retreat,
Without the >tiice claiiulil. — And thry have
chiini?. —
Lady Hero. They've laboured much, and
should have their reward.
The cock that scratches must be allowed to

pick.
Thoush 'tis a ease of hardship, there's no help.
Where there's more pigs than teats, some pigs
mu>t starve. —
^nt. (aside) Sampson's Delilah! — what a

speech was there!
Hero. I did concede thou hadst some service
done.
Though what it was, I am not well informed.
The concession was of courtesy ;
T^i boast a service is lo c.ncel it.
Yet ivould I hear for what I am indebted,
That I maj judge, if a reward be due. — ' '
JliU. vireat men have treacherous memories.
Thisl Cud,
Istrue, even at the llermitage. And to refresh

them,
By modest hint, is hel<l to boast a service
And cancel all its merit. — Be it so.
Ijabours forgotten, ne'er receive reward —
And this can but belal them, wlieii recounted. —
Grval chieftain, you have muchastonitlied me!
— Of all my labours, all my sa<Tilices,
To upliltthe peoples' candidate on high,
Professing ignorance, and roniKlly stating
That they exist, but as of courtesy.
Before I dabbled in the dirty courses.
Which your supporters were compelled to fol-
low.
The savor of my name was sweet and healthful.
The wise ami learned received me, acompeer;
All my pursuits were useful and profound; —
I Stood, confessed, the literary chief
Of the vast occidental hemisphere.
What am [ now ! the jest and scorn of many.
My very name, a by-word of reproach,
Hung up as o> e regardless of all truth.
All candour, fairne.-s, and good character!
And wherefore? For tLis very potent reason,
lbu< kied on my armour in 'liy cause,
And looked Hot back. Whatever was avouched,
I took upon me to maintain f>r truth.
You were proclaimed the hero of two wars,
ilow idly you w II know : but I maintained it,
Boldly as Eaton, roumlly as yourscll'.
In the famed Swarlout letter. — 'Twas pro-
claimed
You were a Cincinnatus, — second Washington.
— Encore! 1 -houtcd. Glory to the chief!
The very Hector oflhi? mighty nation!
Hector and Hickory are derivatives
From the same root — By the same cause im-
pelled.
I stoutly swore it — 'Twas Paris ravished Hellen ,
Hector stood forth the champion of the deed.
Of lust the apologist and vindicator.
This wa? your great example, — "Booty and
Bfauly.^'' —

Jlcro. What mean you, Sir? 'Ti? vile insin-
uation.
Jlnt. I crave your patience. You're too sen-
sitive.
"Booty and Reauty''' was the watchword given
For your destruction. — Was it f/i«(i a slur?
Fair Hellen left her husband — and for what?
Was beadog ordrunkard? a poor knave?
A e7iiar''el?omp, ieiiloT'=-pated. horned crea'n-"?

I said not so. — But Pans, we're instnieted.
Was a most (iroper man in parts and manners,
To attract a buxom lady's best affections —
Lady Hero. So was my Hero, in his days of
vigour.
Oh, 1 shall ne'er forget —

Hero. Madam be silent.

And let no folly now escape \o!ir tongue

Lady Hero. By all the cats! the ctiicftain'sit
a pet,
As if he'd kicked the kiver from himself
And left us naked. —

Hero. You'd soon make us so. —

Proceed, Sir! I am fain to hear you through-
^Inl. I see no cau^e for so much huflishness,
For reprehension rude, or tart reply.
Hellen was booty to her ravisher ;
Her beauty stood before all other women.
Thus she was beauty and ^as booty too.
Paris enjoyed both; — and what of that?
Booty., — be it of gidd or pretty woman.
Is ioo/y still; the last — the best possession.
Say 'st not thou so, great chieftain? .And beaut<.

stolen,
Is sweetest in the enjoyment.

Hero. Prating knave,

Forth:3, thy insolence, thy ears shall answi^.
Here. Toady ! give this scoundrel his deserts ;
Let him partake the late' of that vile slave.
Who felt my veogeance, when the knave Buc-
hanan
Dared to assert I had not spoken truth.
And left me in the lurch to save his bacon. ^
Ant. Hold, honoured Sir! and hear me but t

word —
Hero. No! Mot another! I've enough beei^
outraged
What, Toady! — ho! Perdition! Vengeance
Vengeance !
Ant. My heels shall save me. 'Tis a righ'
gootl oflice
They have before performed. But little thought

That thus wonld all my labours be rewarded.

I'll hie me home ; and this shall be remcmbercri.

]HII,ITARY CHIEFTAIN.

The following extracts, from a speech
delivered by Mr. Clay, in 1819, on thr,
subject of the Seiniiioie war, <hous ihe
light in which tiiat clear sighted states-
man then viewed the probable conse-
quences of General Jackson's military
violence. We rcconimL-ndthcni to the
attentive cousidenilionof every reflect-
ing reader.

•• 'I'hf lirst circumslance wliicli in iJie
murse of his performing that Hnty, (ixeri
our atlcntioii, had, iMr. Clay said, (illed
him ivilh rei-ret. Jt was t!ie extculioi;
of ihfi Indian chiefs. Ilow, he ai-ked, did
they come into our possession? Was it
in the courso of fair, and open, and honor-
able war? No: but by means of deception
— by hoisting foreign colors on Ihe stafl"
from which th? vtara ai)d stripes alone

aiMTAKV CHIEFTAI.S.

should ii:ive do.ileil. I'lius en!iiiare<l. the of the man ha# been handed down to ihe
Indians were taken on shore, and ivithoul &xccration of postFiitv "
ceremony, iiod wiihoul del. IV. were hung. I '"lie would not tres'|ia?s much loutci-
Hang :in Indian! We, nr, who are civil- j U|.oii the lime of ihe coinmiltee; but he
izcd, andean comprehend and feel tiie|tiu>ted lie should be ii.dulgen »»ilh sumo
effect of moral caufC and coiij^ideraioni-, | fen retlectionf upon the danger ol i er-
attach ig-iioininv to that mode of death, j milting; the conduct, on wliich it bad l.teii
Ami the gallant, aiitl retined. and high hi.- painfnl duiy to animadvert, to p.iis
minded man, seek? by all possible means ' wilbont a Milemn expiession ol the ili-^ip-
to avoid It. 13ut, what care* an ludian i prob.ition of this Ib^u.'e. liecal to \>.ui
whether you bang or shoot htm? The recollei-ti'in. s:iid he the Iree nali. ns
moment be is captured, he is considered | which have gone befoieii.-. Where irre
by his tribe as displaced, if not lost. ' they now. and how have they lost their
'I'hev, too, are indill'erent about the man- lii)crlies? If we .;oold transport ourselves
ner in which he is ilispalcbed. liut, .Mr. , ba' k to ibe ases when Greece and Kume
C. said, he regarcfte'l tiie occurrence with flourished in their greaiest prurpeiitv. and,
grief for otiier and biglier coiisideiations. I mingling in the throng, ask a Grcnan it'
It was" the first instance that he knew of, he did not fear sonie daring mihlary
in the annals of our cmiiitry. in which re-i chieftain, covered h ith glory, some Pbibp
laliation. bv executing liidian captives, or Alexander, "onlrl one day overthioiv
had ever been deliberately practised, bis liberlies? No'. No! the contiflput
There may have bi'en exceptions, but if and indignant Grecian would exrlnim,
there were, tlicy met with contemponi- we have notinng to fear from our berimes;
ueous condemnation, and have been re- our liberties « ill be eternal ll a R. njan
prehcnded by the just i)en of impartial citizen had been asked, if he did noi ie .r
history. The gentleman from Massachu- the conqueror of Gnul inigbl tstablir! c.
sells may icll me, if he pleases, what he throne upon the ruins of the piibltr libeiiy,
])leasc5 about the tomalKuvk, scalping he would have instanily repelled il.c
knife — about Indian enormities and for- ^ insinuation. Vet Greece bad fallen,
eign miscreants and incendiaries. I, too, Ca;':ir had passed the liu' icon, and the
liate them, from my very ?oul I abominate patriotic arm even of lirulus could not
them. But. I love my country, and its preserve the liberties of his couniiv!
constitution; I love liberty and .safety, i The celebrated Jladame de Siael, in her
and tear military despotism more evrn ' last and perhaps best work, has said, that
than I hale tlie*e monsters. The gentle- in the very year, almost the very moi'th.
man in the course of his remarks, allu.led iwlien Ihe ('resident of lie Directory • e-
to the state from whitli 1 have Ihe honor ' dared that mon ,ichy wnuld never im le
to come. Lillle. sir, does he know oflsbnw its fiiahtful head in I'raiK e. Poi'a-
ihe high and magnanimous sentinirnls ; parte wiih his grenadiers, entered liie
of the people of that state, if he supposes palaceofSl. Cloud, and di-persin?, \Mlh
ttipy will approve of the transaction to i the bayonet, the depi-.tifsof ihe pei'|Me,

which he referred. Hravcand generous,
limn.inity and clemency towards a f.illeii
foe constitute one of their noblest charac-
teristics. Amid'st all the struggles for
that fair land between the natives and
the present inliabit;'.iils, Mr. C. saiil he
defied the gentleman to point out one in-
stance in which a hvenluckian had stained

deliberating on the atlairs of the >',ale,
laid the loundation of that vast fabrir of
despotism whish over-hadowcd all Eu-
rope, lie liopcdnntto be misunderstotid;
he vas far from intimating that Gen.
Jackson che'i>hed any <lesigns inimicxl
to Ihe liberties of the country. He be-
lieved his intentions pure and palriolic.

his hand by nolhing but his high i [[e thanked God that he would not. bul be

?cnsc' of the distinguished services and ex | lhaiik*d him still inoie that be could not,
altcd merits of (General Jackson prevent- 1 if he would. o\erlurn Ihe liberties of ine
ed his using a dilTerent term — the eXeru- T.upublic. Eul precedents, if bad were

fion of an unarmed and proslralc captive.
Yes, said i\lr. C. there was one solil.irv

fraught wilh the most dangerous cnnse-
i]uences. .Man has been described, ly

exception, in ivhirh a man, enraged at be- (some of those who have treaterl of !-,;s n..
lioUling nil Indian prisoner, who hail ile | lure, as a bundle of'imbils. Thede'rii-
slroyed sumo of his kindred, plunged his I lion was niiirh liuer when applied to f v-
fword into his bosom. The wicked ernmenls. Preredenis were ibeir hnbii.'!.
deed was considered as an nliontin.iMe There wa" one impor'aiii ditl(r<ine be-
iiiitrage "heo it occurred, and the name tween the foroiation of habits bv an iiKfi"

MILITARY CHIEFTAIN.

Hi

vidii il iijiil bv sjover.iiuenl;!. llecontriict-i
il ')iiiy after rrei|in-iil ifpeliiidii. A eingic
iiisiMiice lixes (lie hiiliitun.l (tetcrmines IIh
(lirPi:tii)ii of fjoveriiineiil-i, .A};aiii#t th<
:il;ir;niiig doctrine ol'iinliiiiited disoreti'^n
ill our military oommaiKlcis, u lien ajipli-
ed even to prisoners of "ar, ho mii»t en-
ter Ins protest. It bcf^an npon I hem; it
would end on us. lie hoped th it our
hajipj- (orm of nfovernmenl was destined
to lie perpetual. But it' it were to he
preserved, it must ht hy the practice of
virtue, by justice, by moderation, t)y
inasjnaniinity. by greatness of soul, by
keeping a watchful and steady eye on
the Executive; uid. above all, by holdins
to a strict accountaiiility the nii'lituiy
branch of the public torcc.

Wrt arc fivjlitin^. said Mr. C. a great
moral battle (or the benclit, not only oi
oiir country, but of all mankind The
eyes uf the whole world are in (ixed at-
tention U|ion IIS. One. and the largest,
portion ot it, isgazing witii contem|)t, with
jealousy, aiiil with envy; the other por-
tion, with hope, with conlirlence, and
with ^itTertioii. Every where the black
cloud of legitimacy is suspended over the
world save only one brialit spot, which
breaks out from the poliiical hemisphere
of the West, to bnghteti, and animate,
and gladden the humane lieait. Obscure
that by llie downfall of liberty here, and
all mankind are enshrouded in one uni-
versal darkness. To you Mr. Chairman
belongs the higli (irivilegc of trans.Tiilting.
unimpaired, to posterity, the fair charac-
ter and the libcilyof our country. Do
you expect to execute this high trust by
trampling, or suffering to be Ir-impletl
dowi. l-tw, justice, the c institution, and
the rights of oilier people? Hy esbibit-
iiigs examnies of inhumaiiily. and cruelly,
and ambitioi? When the minions of
despotism hear!, in Kurope, of tiie seizure
of PensacTla, how did they chuckle, anil
chids the admirers of our institutions,
tauntingly pointing to the domon<l ration
of a spirit of injustice and agorandisi»ment
made by our country, in the mid-t of
uraicable negotiation Behold, said they,
the con luct of those who are constantly
reproaching kiuga. You saw how those
admireis were astonished and hiini' their
head.? You saw. too, when that illiislri-
nu8 man, who presides over us, adopied
i^is pacilic. moderate and just course,
bow they once more liftnl up their heads,
with exultation and deliglit beaming in
their countenances. And yoti saw how
thr>;8minionstbem?elrcs were tinnlly com-

pelled t.. unite in the geneial praises be-
-towcd upon our government. Beware
iiiw you (orffit this exalted character,
tiewaic how you give a fatal sanction, in
ibis iid.int period ot'our republic, scarcely
yet two score years ol<l, to mililary in-
i -uhordiiiation. Hemember that Greece
had her .Alexander. Home her Ta-sar,
Kiiijland her Crom.vtdl, France her >oiia-
I a te. anil, that, if we vvould escape the
r.ick on which they split, we must avoid
their errors.

liow different has been the treatment
of Gen. Jackson, and that modest but
heroic young man, a native of one of tbr
smallest stales in the union, who' acbiev
I ed lor his country, on Lake Erie, one ol
the most gloiious victories of the late
I war. In a moment of passion he f(,rgof
, himselt, and offered an act of violence,
[which was repented as soon as per|)eiial
led. He was tried, and snltejed the
{judgment [uonounced by his peers. Puli-
j lie justice was llioiight not even then to
I be satistied. Tiie press and Congrf ss
I took up the subject. My honorable
fiiend from \'iigiiiia, (.Mr. joh'.son) the
faithful and consistent eenlinel of the law
and of the constitution, disapproved in
that instance, as he does in this, and mov-
ed an inquiry. The public mind remain-
ed agi'.ated and unap[>eased until the re-
cent atone.Tient, so honorably made by the
gallant commodore. .And was there to
be a distinction between the officers of
j (he two branches of the public service?
Are former services, iiowcver eminent, to
I piotect t'rom inquiring inti> recent miscon-
I duct? Is thereto be no limil,i)o jirtiden iiil
j bounds to the national gratitude? [!e
was not dispi'sed to censure the President
for not ordering a court of iiiqiiirv or a
I general court martial. Perliaps, imptdl-
1 ed by a «e :se of that giatitnde, he de-
j termined, by ani.iiij.atinn, to extend to the
! g.-jneral that pardon wiiich he had the
i undoubted right to grant after senterce.
I Let us. said .Mr. C. not shrink from our
jdu'y. Let us assert our constitulinr.al
[ powers, and vindicate the iastiun)cnt from
[ military violation.

He hoped gentlemen wou'.d deliberate-
j ly survey the awful position on which we
stand. They may bear do« nail opposi-
I lion; ihey may even vote the general the
'public tbnuks; they rn:iy carry him tri-
^umphi-.ritly through Ibis honsr. But, il'
' 'hey do. in my bumble judgment, il will
': be a triumph of the principle of insubordi-
■nation — a triumph of l',e miirtary over
I the civil authority— a triuoipb over the
O

M6

THOMAS M'cnAU.— CHARGES A PROOF.

powers of this house — ;t triumph over
the constitution f f the land. And he
prayed most devoutly to heaven, that il
might not prove, in its ultimate eflects
nnd con<equencef, a triumph over the
liberties of the people.

From Uic .Varjjlandtr.
THO.II.VS M'GR.WV.

Most of our lellow citizens will, iio iluubt, re-
collect tin; excitement created in this city by
the conviction of llio above named per-on, du-
rinj the luontli of December, 1814. lie w.isa
private in the Ptli couipany of the Cth Regi-
mi nt, .Maryland Mdilia, was tried by a gener-
al court martial which convened at lialtimure
onthe21st Xov. 181-t, of which Bri;aiiier Gen-
eral Foster was President. The charge? pre-
ferred a'aiiist him were, -'neglect of duty," and
of "offering violence to Jonathan Townsend,
55ergeant, and Sergeant's guard, in the execu-
tion of their duty."

He " WHS found guilty of both charges, and
stvitenced to sufler the lunishnieiit of death, by
being shot." General Scott. howc\er, ili-ap-
provcd of the form of the sentence, and ordert-d
a revision of it by the Con- 1, which being done,
he approved of it, and directed its execution
on the 3d Deccinbcr, 1814. By a siibseqncn'
iirdor, he suspended the execution of the sen-
tenix- uiitii the LOth l)e.:. 1814; •' lu await the
dcr'ion of the President in the case."

TL'is mutiny it will be perceived occurred at
a time when the enemy werr still in our water?,
and when subordiBtition was highly essential to
the safety of the place, and that had General
Scjtt wished an excuse for spilling the blood of
a brave, though deluded militiaman, the cir-
«umslances of the case would have afforded
him an ample one. lie, however, felt iis a hu-
mane and generous commanilcr should feel, and
in the exercise of power he forgot luit mercy. —
JlcGraw had forfeited his life to the laws of his
country, but he had done so uuder a delusion,
that as a militiaman he would not he subjerted
to the same rlsorous discipline as if heliad been
a regular. The General fell ton, that if Mc-
Graw had offendeil againvt the law, that hie
faiiiily and frieinl? hail strong claims upon their
country, and instead of hurrjtin^him into etef-
nity, with hut "four days" to prepare for so se-
rious a transition, lie extended his time for prep-
aration until the 16th December, and in the
mean lime obtained for him the pardon of the
Presiilent of the Unitetl Sl:ile~. To the clcni-
oncy of his General, MftGraw was indebted f'jr
hisiil"e, and in that act. General Scott approved
himself worthy nf the Inurclshehad won on the
plains of Canada — laurels which would have
lieen tarnished had he imbrued hishtiods in tin
bl lod of his countryman, when nn e\;implc wa-
not c died l"or by the safety of the army unde
his command.

*'> ask those "four I'ellow citizens who wen
.present on I Iain; '• id Hill, on the day of 11-,
anticipated exicuti a. awaiting in dreadfu
suspense the awful oment when the ordi r o
" fire" was to de|<rik Ihc trembling offender c
his being in thi» liSc — we ask them to call I
mind the gtn<.ral shout of joy that roEoundod

through the dense crowd there assemble! wheB
Major Belton announced the pardon of the
President — we call upon them to pause, liefore
'hey permit their prejudices to spellbound their
juiL'iuenls into a sanction of the bloody, inhu-
man, and illegiil execution of Hams' and his
fellow sufferers by General Jackson.

{■Il.iRGE.S .4.NU PROOF.

The maimer ill wliicli tlit* cliartre* of
l>argaiii and armiigcnu'iit Ix'lwceii Mr.
.Adams and .Mr. Clav, liave been made,
and the proof adduced to sustain them,
present a most singular anomaly. The
propo-'itions, from which the i)jre;ain is
inferred, are alleged to have been made
hv ccrlain friends of Mr. C'lav: and tiic
proof tliat thc\- were made is drawn
from the declarations of tin- person?
who made them, tiioufrh disavowed \n
themselves. This is considered suffi-
cient to establish the fact. A brief re-
capitulation, cannot but interest all.
who would arrive at truth.

Gen. Jackson asserted, that a j)ropo-
sition w;is made to him, on the part of
Mr. Clay, and was indignantly re-
jected.— Hence it was, in the opinion,
of the General and his supporters, a
fair deduction, tliat similar oilers were
made to, and accepted by, ;\lr. .Adams.
After ringing the tale, upon some thou-
sand changes, the General is, at length,
brouglit to name his proposer. It wa«
Mr; Buchanan. But .Mr. Buchanan
denied making any communication to

Gen. Jackson, of the import slated.

.'\Ir. Marklcy was named as one who
hud conversed upon the subject. He
too, negatives all tliat is imputed to
him. Yet the charge is not abandoned,
it is insisted, that Mr. Clay is bound to
prove that no bargain was made. He
lias solemnly denied it. — He calls upon
all his iVii'nds, through whom it was
cliarged that the proposition was made.
They auswer, one and all, that Ihej
never were agents, in anvsurh affair;
that they know nothing of any such
arrangement: and do not believe it ex-
Mcd. — Rut Ibis is not suflirieiit. The
next resort is to fasten giiill upon .Mr.
Adams, and Mr. Clay, by proving tiiaf
•heir friends, who notv deny, most ex-
:dicitly. any J<nowlef'ge upon the sub-
;cet, ojirc held language from which th«

CII VRr.ES AND I'UOOK.

11 r

(tontrary might be inferred. And hav-
ing obtained a few statements of de-
tailied conversations, erroiieoiislj re-
collected, and pL-rliaps [xirposely, mis-
represented, it is insisted tliat tlic bar-
gain is proved. The iiijustire and tlie
wickedness, of this mode of proceeding,
are so palpable, one cannot but wonder
how any ititelligent mind can regard i(
without disgust, — or how any lionour-
able man can repeat it. — A recent oc-
currence furnishes an appropriate occa-
sion, to expose the true nature of tiiis
ungenerous mode of attack and proof,
ft is licrc publislied at !arge,that a full
iind faircomparisonmav l)e made.

In the Illinois Gazette, a publication
was made, stati;is thai Gen. Jackson,
at the m<Mith of Cumberland, on his re-
turn from New Orleans, first received
an account of Mr. Clay's last publica-
tion, and upon learning its contents, ap-
plied some verv coarse and piofane epi-
thets to Mr. Clay.— The Louisville Fo-
cus republished the statement; the
Jackson papers deneunced it a slander,
and called for proof. — So far our read- j
ers will perceive that the case is like
General Jackson's charge against I\lr.
Clay.

It maybe further illustrated. When
Beverley's letter was publi-hed, its
tr'itli was denied in the Democratic
Press and in the National Journal. —
The Jacksonians, however, insisted to
have the authoritvnpon which the de-
nial was made. Nothing short of a de-
nial under Mr. Clay's own hand, was
sutficient to put them to the proof. —
This was all right and proper in the
Spring of 1C27, where Mr. Clay was
concerned ! We have another, a very
difTerent, and a much more correct
Tiew of it now, from the same politi-
cians and moralists, in relation to Gen.
Jackson. We give the following ns a
specimen, from the editorial head of
the Nashville Republican of March 25.

'•EinTORHL JMPrDESCF. The s!iame-
le«e efi'rontery of the Editor? of thp l.ou-s-
ville Focus, is without parallel in all llu
annals of neivspiiper Ulark?iiarfli>nn. —
They repiibli-:b from an iilinnis print ;:
gross calumny on Gen. Jackson, as?pitlntr
at the same time, that they were in pos
session of ftroiig corroboralinir evidenci
•f its authenticity. The statement wa«

promptly denied by us, and Ms aulliois
called upon for llieir proof Instead, how-
ever, of accepting the cballenue, and pro-
reeding to sulislanliale llie bi.ellous alle-
gation,ibey have the assurance to demand
of us theanlhonly upon which we cuntra-
dielcd the slander! Having made the af-
tinnation, they modenh) invite us to prove
lis negative.'.' And this is the game that
the coalition gentry of Kentucky, have
heen constantly playing since the last
presidential election. 'I'hey refer lo old
records in support of their caKimnies, and
call upon t;s to piihlisii ihem. They an-
nounce lo the world that Gen. Jackson,
at sundry times, has heen concerned in
various di.sgracefn! transaclion-, and in-
vite his friends In pi)i)iisb liie ultending
circumstances. And, to cap the climax,
they allege that at a specified time, on
a particular occasion, he puf.lirh/ uttered
foul and profane language, and then thev
challenjce the editors of this I'aper, to
prove tliat he ilid not use the expressions
by them attributed to him I "We cry you
merry, master Stephen." Make good
your allegations; sub«tHntiale your accu-
sation, or you stand convicted tiefore the
world of a B.ASE AND INFAMOUS
FALSKItOOD."

Even so, gentlemen, even so. — Make
good your allegations against Mr. Clay
and Mr. Adams, or your chieftain is
in the same predicament. Vonr whole
course towards Mr. Clay has been ex-
acMy that which you so justly con-
demn. You have drawn a picture of
your own coriduct.and you have drawn
it justly. There are, however, other
resemblances, in this transaction, lo
that, in which you have assailed Mr.
Clay, that it is proper to trace.

VVlicn the allegation of Gen. Jack-
son's profanity became public, and be-
gan to circulate, in the new.spapers, if
seems there was a certain Doctor Jes-
se Miller, resident at the mouth of
Cumberland, who felt a strange kind
of consciousness, that Gen. Jackson
might suspect liim to I)e ibe author of
it. This Doctor Miller, therefore, de-
termined at once, to wipe olT such
imagined imputation against him. frr.m
the mind of the General, and accord-
ingly addressed him a letter. Thi.e
letter the General has put into the
iands of the Editors of the Nashville
Republican, and they have published
an extract from it, as follows:

148

CnARCFJiA- HROOF.

'^Smitltland. k'y. I fnim twenty to thirty mtmhers f>f Con-

D.. . „ c.„ -pun „i :^-i _r tu- i„,t^ -.^ ' sresi friim the Wesl. n ho voted for A'l;nis.
EAR biR — 1 he oiiiect ol this letter is ■ ,.

10 remove from iny.elf any cei.-ure. 1 ;'''''"'' "''''V' "' >''i°7'K^'* '"""'••^""•-
which in all i.rohalMhtv m;.v rest upon \ "''•^-JP"", ,t.eneral Jar.k.on m^inifestecl
me-l have .een ..n.l re..l in mo.t of the i '•""^'■""^"'^ ..""g*"^^ Mrelcheci ••■th h,=
a.lmini»trat.on na|.ers of Kentncky. „ arm. ami rephecl. -By »/.. .rmnar«/a(f Gorf
m.hrio... report, relative to ,,hat ,'„.i f "^ "." f °"'/, V''""" '""' ** ''"^'•"'f'
9ho„M havesairl conrerniu- Mr Clay an.l | ''<"'• "/■'" ^o^'^' .;"« ° m-irderer or. ihe
hisfrieml^. Permit me. Sir. to slate to Z'"/ '/^ <"'?""• , . , ^,

you that I am en.irely innocent, and j < ''^ D .lor .epeated ronnderable more
equally ignorant of howihe report onm- ■ "f ""''^ '^''"^•^'■'«""" re^i ectu,^- elerl.ons.
nated-l.ei Iff with you durin- the short "'"<^*>- »■* =' ''"<-."<>< ■<"late to the charge

3lay you made at the mouth of Cumber-
land. I aai prepared to say. 'hat nothiuer
indecorous escaped your lips, to me. or to
any of the company. I well recollect of
asking you, if you harl seen Mr. Clay's
pamphlet, and after giving you a laconic
statement of what it contained, instead of
showing any irascihility of lompfr. you
■imiled and Sijid , nothing would aflord you
more pleasure than to know Mr Clay in-
nocent of the charges that were laid
against him.

JESSE Mir.LER."

Here, attain, is a strict analogy to
the case of i\Ir. Clay and Ocn. Jaik-
son. — Mr. Biiclianan faiioil to sujiport
the Gcncr.il, wlio reli"d upon iiim as
aut'ioritv. Doctor M.llor has volun-
teered to contradict tiiose ivho rely
upo:i tiim as auihority. But the analo-
gy docs not stop here. The Editor of
the Illinois Gazette comes out too,
wit!> liis proof — Not, as in the case of
Mr. Clay, by puhlis'iinii dot.ichod and
iijarl'led stalenienis of his friends, as
the foundation for an itiference. But
with direct a;)d positive proofs, as to
the langUHge used by Doctor Miller,

iu the jiapers, it is unnere?sarv to repeal

.lEssE i'vr''Ei:->^ON,

TUOM.XS WILLIS.

DOCUMENT NO. 2.

Copy of a kiltr to one of tite Fditors.
SSIITHLA.M), Ky., Mahcii 19, l8iR.

Dear .Sir. — I see in a number of the
public prints, that you are den' unced as
Ilie piopagalors of uh:it lbe\ teim an in-
fimous slaiwler upon the character of
General Jackson, fur first [<ubli^hirg1vlull
is styled the Genrrd's answer to Mr.
Cl.iy's pamphlet, at the mouth of Cumber-
land river.

^horlly after the steam boat Pocahon-
las laiideil I went on board — a lew min-
utes after I met Dr. Miller on the bow of
the boat who asked me if i had seen the
General. I told him I had. lie obser-
ved that he wished to see him and walked
aft to the cabin. I directly observed ihe
Doctor and ihe General in conversation,
which I think nui^t have lasted fjr 20 or
30 minute?; I did not bear what passed
between them, but the Doctor rebilcd to
me wliat pas-cil as soon as he c.me on
shore, where 1 was standing, as 1 had
nalked out just before him.

The following is what passed, as rela-

and fastening upon him the fact ol at- ,pj i„ ,,,^ p„=,„ ,,j, .l.ijbe'wc,

tii uiling to Ceil. Jackson the vervpro-
far'ily which was piibjislied as being
uttered by him. We give llii.< pri)of
al-o, tliat our readers may more fully
understaiid tiie whole case.

DOCUMENT NO I.
\Vp, the uii'ler-i^iied,(lo certify th.Tt we
heard Dr. Mdler relate Ihe fnlliiwing con
vrr'.ilion. which passed, he says, between

board without any intention of speaking
to General Jackson and was standing at a
short distance fiom Ihe company to which
the General was conversing, when the
General advanced loward^ him and held
out his hand, saying, "sir, I certainly
have had the pleasure of seeing you be-
fore."'

Dr Miller — Yes. General, you have; I
had the pleasure of being introiluced to

himself an'l General J ickson on Im ird Ihe 1 vou several years ago at a ball in Lexiag-

steam b.i:it i'.ic diontas.al Smithl.md. Ky.; I ton. Ky.

VIZ. lie (hoclor Miller) staled, thai, at
the bar. on board the steini boat I'ocii-
boiitas. he inl'oraieii Gtiieral J.irk^on that
Mr. Clay had piibli-hed a pamphlet in
refill. ilion of the ciiarje of b-irgain and |
sale, and )i:id procured cerlilicatej of

Jackson — V"ur name, sir?

.Miller — M\ lanie, sir. is Miller.

Jachsoti — Mr. Jlillcr, how do you do?
How have you been? [.;'» ikc same time
slia!iiri^ him iy the hand.]

Mitirr — (jfneral vour recollection n'ust

CHAUGES AND PROOr.

lit)

Jipvorvofoorl: I did not expect that ymi I \ier, iis they weie mostly strangers. Af
would rpcolioct me. | er the Dor.tdr had repealed what had

Jacksim — Your name. sir. I had forgot- 1 a^'^ed, I awaiti went on hoard the hoat,
ten, hilt your I'calurrs I never could foi- liiidsing; that I might hear him (the Gen-
get. Well. Mr. Miller, how does tlie era!) speak on the subject — hut he uas
land lie with you? engaged in playing cards, and I left the

Mile- — I suppose I understand you. i Imal wilhuul he-iring him say any thing
General; you allude to the presidential about ("lav or bis pamphlet

question.

Jacks' 71 — I do.

Mil cr — To be candid with you Gen-
eral, lalivays respected you vcrv hi£;hl\
as a man and a General, hut cannot vote
for you for president.

Jackson — Sir I thank yon for your can-
dor: come let us go to the bar and drink
something.

''While at thebar the Doc'or asked him
if he had sfcn Mr. ClavV paniphlet, to
which the General replied, he had not.
and asked if it was any thina; new; the
Doctor sai i it was a new publication and
thai there was but one copy in our town.
The General exprc>sed a great deal of
anxiety to sec the jiamphlel, and askerl
what it cor»laiiied. The Doctor replitd.
thai it H ;;s a rtfiitalinn ol the charges of
bargain, sale, intrigue, iS-c. and that he
(Clay) had the cerlilicates of twenty oi
thirty members of Congress from the
west, proving hi* innocence. The Gen-
e.'al appeared to tly into a great pnssion.
raised his arm, and -wore, by the immac-
ulate God. Clay was a grand rascal: By
the eternal God. sir. he accused me with
being a murderer on the floor of Congress
'I he General then ask< d him how he
thought the election wouhl go in Kentuc-
ky for Governor. The Doctoi- replied

Very resfiefi fully vours.

JESSK i'ATTEIiSON.
P. S. The above is substantially the
conver-iati in as related by Dr. Miller —
I may he a little incorrect as to the pre-
cise words. J. J>.

Now it is obvious to every rational
man, thai Doctor Miller has asserted a
falsehood, in his letter to General Jack-
son, or ill his conversation with Mr.
Patterson and Mr. Willis! — or that the
latter gentlemen make a false accusa-
tion against him. — It is not for us,
who know none of them, to take upon
us to decide the question. The pre-
sumptions are against Doctor Miller:
two witnesses agree to iii.s statement.
And his prompt denial to Gen. Jackson,
before he was pul)licly accused, indi-
cates something like co', scions wrong.
— Bui how, upon just principles, does
this aflect Gen. Jackson? He is ac-
cused, upon tlie authority of Miller,

and Miller distinctly acquits him!

There i- fal-ehood somewhere. But
surely there can he no justice inaflect-
iiig to . i.nsider, that Gen, Jack>on is
convicted of liavii g used the language
imputed to him. li Patterson and wTl-

The General said no — that a fiiend o(
Wiiliam T. Barry was never an intrudei
on him. lie hoped the Doctor's senti-
ments as to the Presidency W'U d change.
kc. They Ibeii shook hands and pait<d.
Thi-, sir. is as near as I can recollrci.
the statement mai'e by Dr. -Mdler, of the
conversation between him and the Gen-
eral, and which he related 'o me, ami
several others, before the Pocahontas left
the I Hiding lie staled thai a number o|
persona were prese:it. and heard what
p issed between him and the General; hut
I believe none o( the citizens of our place
were of the number. I saw sever,! per
son* present when Ihev were conversing

sert the truth, Iher: (here is no proof
that the General used the oiFensive
language charged upon him.

Eviry Jacksonian. the Ge eral him-
>elt included, will join iti the coi elu-
sion here suggested, as being strictly
correct, in the case before us. — Does
ilot every reader perceive that the
same conclusion resulls from (lie state
of facts, in regard to the charges
against Mr. Clay? Yet the Jackorii-
ans, including the General liimself, iii-
•^ist upon a directly adverse conclusion.
Thcv prove iMr. Clay's guilt, by making
his friends CO- tradict themselves. By

hnt do not recollect who was of the nnm- (he same rule, the General's guilt is

IM

CUARGl^ AXD PROUfr'.— ANUTUER rAGEANT-

r?tal)lislu-(l in thi-; case. — A very clev
cr aiKumcfit could be m:ide, to show

see, svmptoms of independence were
manifeslcd, and men were itupudtnt

how iin]!

robahic it was, tiiat Doctoi I enoiii;h to talk of Adams" Electors for

!\Iiiler would invent sach a monstrou>
lie, and associate it with so much plau-
sible matter; and how very probable
it was. that he mitrht be bought off, —
tliat is, obtain th'- promise of a douceur,
in future, for making a bold retraction,
to serve the chief.— But such sort ol
arguments would be as base and vile,
as those now used by the Jacksonians
against Mr. Clay. Let every honest
man compare the cases, as I have here
briefly sketched them, and I do not
doubt, he will lind in them a strong
resemblance, and will come to the
conclusion that what is unjust in one,
must be unjust in both.

President. iVeithcr ^ ictory nor mar-
riage festivals being at hand, the man-
agers bethouglil ihem of the General's
birthday, and it was resolved that a
farce should be " cnacltcC at Murfrce^-
boroiigh. This is the seat of govern-
ment of the state of Tennessee, some
thirty miles distant from ^Nashville, con-
sequently in the neighborliood of tht
General. A birthday day dinner i>
proposed; the 1 6th day of March beisii:
the natal day of the mighty chief. The
in\itation is given in the name of the
county of Rulh<M-ford, and the following
neat specimen of fulson;<' palaver, is
introduced into the note of invitation.

'■'I'lie undeisigncd ninnot preteimil Ibe
opportunity berehy iilTonled, of express-
ing to you, iiidividii. illy, and on bebalf ol
ANOTHF.R PAGEANT. I jj^^j^ constiluenls. the regret and indigna-

The putfers of the Hero of two wars, tion with which ibey hnve witnessed, for
" ' ' <• -' ji^^g j.^^j j^^^ years, the untiring and un-

manly efTirts of your pnlilical enemies, to
tarnish your f:iir (auie, and to embitter the

..f the man of the People, and of the
Farmer of Tennessee, continue the
most unremiliing ex'-rtions to keep the

'•GRE\T mon" before the people. They \dointslic peace of your amiable family .—

Recently, witli lite ' " '

evidence a mo.4 decided apprehension,
of the consequences that might result,
should they llag, for an instant, in ex-
hibiting him. No saint in the Roman
calendar, ha? so many days of distiuc-
lion. And it is not improbable that he
may soon i ome to claim as many les-
tivc davs, as all the samts together. It
would swell the catalogue handsomely,
to include his wedding days. — These
would add two. if not three.tothe num-
ber: for his friends insist he was mar-
ried twice, if not three times, to the
same wife, and part of these while she
was the wife of another man. — But all

egiel. they have
heurd of an often refined cnliminy.
under new colour of authority, emanating
from a source little to have been suspect-
ed; which from the whole tenor of your
public and privaic life, your recorded cor-
respondence, aatl from theinlim;ite know-
ledge which some of the undersigned had
of your conibict at the time, anfl ol' the
public events of that date, they Icel free
to pronounce wholly false and unfounded.''

The invitation isaccepted with great
satisfaction, and the compliments to
himself responded to, with peculiar
modesty. The reader shall judge foi
himself.

in the most virtuous innoccncy

The Pageant at New Orleans did I '• I pray you to say to my fi-llow citizens
not turn to much account. It cost the I of Rutherford, that I sincerely thank them
.late ten thousand dollar-! But that i for the generous scnimiee'.s which llicy
was notbin-. where the Hero was con- ''"^e aulhon/ed you to express m refer
^\as iioii m„. ■,„.,„,,„ .,i,T„.l ! encc to the eliorls which have been made

corned. H co>t nuhvidu-ils aKo,a hand- ^ ,_^_ ^^^, ^^^^^.^^^ ^^ ^,^^^.^^^ ^^, character

some sum

, ,, /-. 1 1 1 • ! liy mv enemies

, and the General and I'ls ^ ,_^ ,,^-,, my public and private life, it has

Tommittees. New York, Ohio, and
Kentucky — The cotton merchant i|uar-

happened th;it no action deemed worthy
of being remembered, has been deprived

ter master, who was courted, and the^| ,|,p icslinionv necessary to .Tii.ilvze its

deah-r in lumber, who was neglected,
all felt that it was a failure, though ,

motive and test its moral value; and
Hhilst, in all those vvhic!i have hern as

some swore that it was not. The ef-| snilcd, I am vindicated by the favorable
feet was disiistrous. Fven in Tennes-' judgment of thc^e of my feltow citir.ens.

AXOTIIER PAGEANT.

151

who have examined them impartially,
and l)y tlie approbation of my own con-
science, 1 need not assure you that the
shafts of calumny have fallen harmless
from me."

The easy flowing style of the
Geni'iars domesticated XNliite-washcr,
is very pci'ceptibk' ia tills reply. The
writer had discretion enough to for- 1
hear all allusion to domestic matters, |
and the chieftain, obedient to the dic-i
tation of his keepers, was content to let
it pass.

When the General arrived at Mur-
freesboroiigli, he was greeted with an
address, delivered by a certain Sam-
uel H. Langldiii, Esq. It is puj', puff,
all puff'. Political motives are dis-
claimed in such manner as to convince

all candid persons, that the fact and •, , ., , >..

the disclaimer are dire ;llv adverse to void of even the appearance of rcproadi —

considering how very often tjie chief-
tain made himself a proper subject to
be prosecuted. The assault upon
Robards, the murder of IJickinson, the
outrage upon the Bentuns, and many
other similar acts, are instances that
tile General was never fea/ful of en-
coutitering "prosecution"' for '■'■crime"
in Tennessee. The fervor of the ad-
dresser carried him on.

"We have seen a national benefactor
made the ot)ject of the most uns-paring
persecution. VVc have seen hio public
& private actions & motives i'alsitied k mis-
represented. We liHve seen his domestic
peace assailed by the tongues and pens of
slander and detraction. JVe have seen the
•^•ifc of his Losijiii—one-^hoae '^hole life has
been a continued series of virtuous, chari-
la'de, pious and praise -worthy actions, dr

each other. Hear iiiin:

"This interview lias not been solicited
lor political purposes. We ultcily dis-
claim all such motives. It has been

made the innocent object of the venal li-
beller's blackeit defamation. Hut pro-
tected by truth and honor, we have also
seen the shafts of calumny tall harmless
from him and his house, "and our hearts

,., ., c ,, ..,. ,. r r ■ r 1 ■ ""™ mm ana nis nouse, and our hearts

sought for the cratiticafion of friendship i,.,,._ „„•■- ... ,, „ ■ i, „'

J 1 /- 1- /■ . ,■ ' "a\e reioiced at the sisht The hearts

ailH OTlrtl-I rpplino- icv flirt filll-t.r.c-rt .-if t«^ ., -^ . _ 'fs''^- *•" I * C d I Ih

and good feeling — for the purpose of tes
lifying our uiidiniinished estimation of the
great "moral value''' ofpubiicand private
virtue united ivith the most distinguished
nihilities.''

of our wives, of our sisters, and of our
daughters, have been made glad."

Considering the admitted fact, that
ojw act of this lady's life was, to live
If all this be true, how happened it \ l"""^ ^'''■<^'^, .^"7' ;'' 'h<5 ^'^ of Gen.
that the Murfreesborou-h folks never ' ^''7'*",'' "''"^^ *'"^ '^S='' "i''^' o-'" Lewis
before thought of celebrating the f^o.''='''^S ""'1 considering that a legis-
Hero's hirth dav? The -moral valur' '• ''*''f ^'^'' ''"^ j^'l" '.'I record, lix upon
of ^^public and private r/rtw," might by i !^'''" ^, 'i""^^" ^^ adultery and descrt-
^ome be thought, in the nature of a ! !PS ^l'^^ 'Hisnand, this, it must be con-
^neer. But tliere can be no doubt of '<=**^ed, is a pretty well wrought speci-
men of hyperbole. The General re-
plied to it, in his best manner, and by
selecting some of his most approved
epithets.

" Ves, sir, it is true that myself and bo-
som oompaiiioD have been assailed v.itli
malignant shafts of calumny and detrac-
tion, but truth is omnipotent and «ill pre-
vail over falsehood and error."

This does bravely for a man wlio
knows that he is speaking oi" a woman
whom he seduced from lu-r husband.

liie siiiijile sincerity of the addresser
Hear him further.

'•We all know you from the greatest to
the least; from these gray headed vete-
rans of the ^{evolution, to the most juven-
ile spectator in this extensive crowd. —
To all. tliis day and this occasion, bring
an a-sociation of pleasing reminiscences.
The aged remember you as the uMe and
jiealous advocate ol' your client's rights —
the energetic prosecutor of public crime —
as the enlightened -tatesman who mainly

assisted in framing liie constitution under j and ^vhom the law separated for that

which wenort- live in the enjoyment of free
dom and happiness, anu as the stern and
even-handed dispenser oi "justice and
right," from the bench of the highest judi
diciil tribun,;lof the state."

seduction. It shows what adulation
can say upon one side, and confidence
Eciterate on the other. The domestic
white-washer was probably not pres-
„, . . , ent, or the two principal 'subjects of

Ihis reference to the prosecution of this paragraph, would have been kept
public crime, is rather a liome Uirust, I out of si-ht. His " ho^om comminij"

tat

ANOTHER PA»;EANT.

and the ''•omiu'potence of Inith,"' are more. Some tifteen or ci^lueen years
to(>irs which the General should never' asio. (his -inan of sense'' wus a ( aiidi-
toiicii. Comiiigfromtiiin.tliev give rise date ior Congress in Virgini.i, avowing
to wicked associations ill t:ie mind oC the Ihc highest t..ned fedL-ralisn). ai.d pub-
reader, which it were better should not lislied an address in which be niyrlnl
;,fije, l!ie errors ami follies of tlie Jefu-r.-oii

We have no account of tiie dinner, ' school of polilic>. to the entire sjiiis-
tior of the regular toasts. But there faction of John of Roanoke, and other
are volui.ieers in abundance. The I worthies of the same stamp! He mar-
first is from a Col, Burton: 'ried a lov ly woman with a cood es-

. \ late — but it isgo.e. A \outiilul sister

" Sterde indeed «ms t!,al Claj, »v".ch, ^,,- ,,;^ „.„-^ .uSu.^v estate came under
did not promote the gro.vth ol "^ckory^W^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ while there, her es-
an.l much .s ,t to be leared ibai an ex-, ^^^J^^^^^^, ,^^,^ reputation both vanished,
nosurc to the suiincams ol r.Kei.uuve in- r, , • . i- , ■• -. ■ i

!, ,1 . ,• ,, •, „ J.,; „ .. Kedured to hve bv his wits, he adveii-

lluence, will not meliorate its Cv>aaitt<in. ! , i i •- m

tured to scramble (or I reasiirv pap at

No doubt the Gereral accorded VVcL-hington, and plaved an under part
Jieartily in t!ii; scntim'.f.t. Every i in ass;iili. g Mr. Cra\v!b:d, thiougli
thing is '•• flcrilc" \\\ his view, wliieh the columns ol' tlic Washington Kepub-
does not promote his own growth. — , lican. Finally, was selected for hi>
This we have long known was the '. present vocation, that of " recording tfy
head and front of Mr Clay's olll-nding. : actiutis ofuur second U'ashington.''' Not
He ''■did not promote the gr07rtrt of hick- onlv his »• literary mtriis," but his moral
DRY."' And according to the notion of perioptions •• arc e/jual to the task,"' and
Hickort) worsliippeFs, this is a mo<t w ell adapted to its performance,
damnatory ollence. Coloi'cl Burton.; The three following toasts arc quit<'
therefore, must have spoken to the feel- appropriate:
ings of all present, and to the very
heart of the Hero. I " % Solomon Ben=ly, F.sq.— -AtKl the

Gen. Jackson toasted the memory of ^'"•■•'/^"''- '" 'i*"- '"•", ''^ ^.f>='" S' V7" '"■
inton:-one of the company toasted l'^"P>^- »"■' '^ J'^;!!''^/''";' ^""•, ,

CI

H. Bcnloii

' B\ Ma). John D. Fletcher.— Slamler-

-Ihr honorable 7 /< .,^k;.s rt. ticnion. I ers of" ,-nx^Uc character: -verily, verily
which the General must have taken l(,,g shall have iheir reward.' '

with great zest.
foUowintr:

Another cave us the

Ithey

I '-By G W. Damon. Ksq. — The presi
I dcnlial election: those who are net for U5,
ire asaiasi us."

'•The author of JpflTerson. in the lale
Nashville l*rpi)blic;;-i. in answer to Mi. , . /-, ■

Johnson's .Vlams convention a.ldress: A • ""rst to sa_>, that the General wa*
chip of the ol.l Kevolulionarv block, his ;<l«?l'gl»'cd with the prophetic assurance
literary merits are eqird to the fojA-o/ r^'-jof the first:— the while-washer gave
cording ihr actions of oiir second IliwA- j hearty assent 10 the second, proceeding
inslon. See how a man of sense and en- upon the principle that the greater the
Jarged information c:in put iloivn the qiiib- i truth, the greater the slander: and the
b!cf and subllelies of a mere lawyer." third w;is received by all, as selling

apart the pap of the Treasury for liie
exclusive reward of the t:iithful. The

This refers to tlie General's domestic
wiiite-washer, and truly, the master and ; . , ,, . . , , ,

the man are well consorted. . This *"'P!:"^'1 "' "T '" ?

:rson. who assumes the name ofJef- Pr^'t"'.^- 'he devil may quote scr.j.lnr

pe

I'erson to while-wasli den. Jackson,
was, during tlie lalter da}> of Jelfer-
son's public life, his furious reviUr.
The " old bloik'' of whicli he is said to
be a chip, performed good service in
the revolutionary war. But his last
warlike feat was that of commanding
the lalhiui; hatchet company, in Balli-

lor !iis purpose.

When V. e rocollect how exceedingly
I modest the Hero is represented to be,
wc cannot but think the following
rather a rank oblation:

" F>y Dr. McConrchie. The memory
of GpiiPral Washington, and his surerssur
in miUl^n/ fan'r. our honored guest: roajf

A>OTnER PACEAVr.—TO «E^. AlfPRFW JArKSOX.

153

flie Mier. like the former, tj.hai.ge a 1 TO «;i;>. A>DUKW JACKSox.
laiiiel wreath tor aci*ic crown '' [ Si-?.— Having n, my lornrn r c ri mu-

i iiicatio'.r. treated of your eitraoriliiia-
T le General asse.ib to the preten- 1 ^^ coi duct since the ccmmencemtnt
sioi that '.e U the « swxesiorinmintnry ^y ^^^^ prcidenlial canv;i>*.I pass wilh-
,/-;,if" to Gen. Washington. I shou.d t,mpj.e,-;,ce or apoloz^. to -ome other
ii .s to know to what poriioii of W a*h- ^^ ^^. ^.^^^^ ,;.-g^ equallv ^cp^ehen^ihle,
ii-oi's military fame i.e has succeed a„j goiiallv unberomirg a gentleman
ela.d how tlic succes-^ion has been ^^d a pn-.lic officer. I comiuenre v.,:h
ea<. upon him. Is it Uaihinxtons ^^^^ treatment to Governor RaS-in,
c. a JO,.? his humaMty? his respect for -^^^ ^^^ ^^ the time, the chief iri.;g-
the civil aut'ionty? his pu^ictihous j.trate of Georgia; aid whose coi ..-ti-
o'. lience to orders? his amenitv to hi5 turional power" vou der.ied, and at-
e-jals? his urbanity to h-s in(er.ors? tempted to set at'd.tiance.
N . e but his parasi'es. or p<.h!ical de- , ,.^ y^^^,^_ jg,o_ ^.^^^ proceeded ^^Ith
▼ . ef -, who know nothing ol ium, Lave ^ y^^„^ ^^^^^ f^^^- f^^^ gcott. and its
cf.-rredthe-etrai'sot character upon ^eighWhood. on vour marcli agai' si
G .i. lack>oii. Thougt. it w.,uld seem the Mickasukee towns, the; ce you went
tna. he is entirely willing to take , ^^ g^ ^^.^^^^ ^,,j g„^jj^ to Peasacoia.
th -m from the hand of any_ Pillgarhc ^t or about the time.and after vour de-
w :o is di-poscd to offer them. _ 1 oe ^^j.^^ the Indians on the froVtiers of

SiiO g wish expressed to "exchange
th • laurel wreath for the civic rroicn,"
indicates the haokering so commo:- to
* military chieftains," on thai subject.
T:ic good compa; y at Mirfecsbo
rough, seem
materials
the exchange referred to.

Georgia, became exceedingly trou')Ie-
some. sacrificing the lives of the border
settlers, and carrying off their proper-
tT. Governor RabuQ was infonncd of
these events, and eame-tlv solicited to

:m to have partaken of all the '^^ ^j^^^ sufferers. That he might
usuall.v engaged in effecting j;^^ ^^^ ^.j^j^^^^^ ^.^^^ knowledge, or in

any way interrupt your plans he ad'
dressed to vou tl;e foil
letter requesting your

Thev man-

ife-ted a right kind of temper to be- , ^^^^.^j-^^ ^.^^ ^i,;^ folbwi"r,g respectful
come subjects: To flatter their leader, jitter reouesting vour aid
and to reprehend all waodo ijot Hatter |

him, are the true characteristics of
tluise who have put off the cit-z-n to
put on the vassal, in all ages of itie
world

"TVIiLLEDGEvntLE, 21stMarch. 1818.

General Andrew Jackson. Sir. — lou
have 1.0 doubt been apprised that since

Tiese continued effort? to preserve ; vour departure from Harllcrd, with the
the GeneraFs standing, hv exhibiting Georgia militia, the Indians have
him as a spectacle, are depradi .g to been hoverir.g on the Irontier of Te.-
f c counti-v-. They demonstrate the /air county: that they have M//frf « -Wr.
f.'.ji.v of both his 'followers and him-, Bwh, and icounde'l his son, and being
3(1. 'All decent pride is discarded, ; pursi-ed by the citizens of that county,
all •^elfre-pcct abandoned, when a man have met them in hostile array, when
3n-f"Ti himself to be ha»v ked aboui for an engagement took place which li.st-
po'itical effect, as a partv coloured ed nearly an hour, in which ourhitle
Merry \ndrew, and piebald horses arc : detachment (co, sitting only ol ihirty-
parad<»d through the streets to at-, tour men}lost screra/ A:i//f</. and a inm-
tr ct viMtors to a circus. Such scenes, I ber badly wounded. This rencountre
wi ere men of distinction are the ac- has excited considerable alarm.on that
tor^ are di^oTistirg bevoird measure. ; frontier, ar.d the inhabitants, m many
Ti.Jy have preceded the de<line of all i instances, are flying from their houses
free 'governments, and are making, un-i for the want of protection,
der Uic au-pices of Gen. Jackson,! The object of this communication is
alarming progress in ours. ■ to request you would be so good as to

It is truly surpris'ng that they do, station some troops near the big l«€nd
Wot '-rf>:)te general apprehenfion. I of the OcVmulgee, aid at. or near. I. e

uiort Pis^ilHhie points below that place.
V

154

TO GEN. ANDREW JACKSOX.

If it is not convenient for you to furnish
thi' .lecessary lorce, you will please
giv;,' 'i tructions (or supplying such de-
tac inie lis as may, in that evcrit, be
ordered into the service un'kr the an
thority of the stair, with rations, &c. I
hope you will write me on this subject
u-ilhoHl 'ielay, as sfrt-at alarm has been
produced, by the liostile attitude which
the enemy has assum"d."'

Tiie above letter is exceedingly cour-
teous in its language and reasonable in
its demands. It embraces matter which
was of great interest lo the Georgians,
and which, ■situated as you were, ought
to have claimed your immediate and
prom[il attention. But how did you
treat it? I'islead of answering it, as
Tcquesled, you observed a perfect si-
lence on the subject till tlie 17th of
August f)llowing, aiid then barel\ al-

(ion, if it should be found necessary.
The forces were directed to proceed
against the Indians on the east side of
Flint River, generally deiiomipated
Hiprinnccs and Philemmees. Captaia
\Vriglit, whilst on the march, ascertain-
ed that Hopaunce, one of the chiefs,
had leP his own village, and was then
at the Cheh'iif tuu-n: &Luithuul authority,
he immediately proceeded against it.
The result was disastrous to the poor
Indians of tiiat plvte. Several of them
were killed, and the captain found,
after it was too late, that he had bee«
precipitate, and made war upon/rifHci^-,
instead of ennnies! 1 have detailed
the circumstances of this unfortunate
alFair for purposes already evident, but
which will be more conspicuous as I
proceed. I must, however, pause for
a moment to itiquirc, whether you <ire

luded to it in tlie most contemptuous so totally blind to your own character.,
terms! The exposure of that part of as not to sec a striking illustration of it

the frontier of Georgia, the massacre

in the conduct of the disobedient and

of its citizens, and the conflict which unfortunate Wright? How ol'ten. sir,
the governor informed you had taken I have you disobeyed orders? And how
place, it seems were matters of too i often has the breach been healed h\
little importaiice to arrest your atten- the success of your enterprise, and the
tion. Vou had not even the common consequent lei.ity and forbearance of
civility to acknowledge tiie receipt ofiyour countrymen? Had W right met
tlie letter; but, swelling with the | and defeated an eww^/ in the Cliehaw
mighty project of invading the Spanish! towu, ho would have been lauded lor
dominions and carrying the war into a 1 his sagacity, and his disobedience for-
cou'itry will! wiiich we were at peace. I gotten. As it was, he fell from a state
you rushed madly onward, regardless j of re<pectability and honour, and tied
of the CO. 'stitution, and every thing else. ' from liis country in disgrace! He had
but a manifestation of your own power. 1 diso!)e\ed the orders of his superior,
Afti-r waiting sutHcient time to receive and had slaughtered, through mistake.

intelligence from you, but in vain; and
being repeatedly urged by the dis-
tressed inhabitants of the frontier to
afford them protection. Gov. Rabun
delerniined to raise and organize a
force for that purpose. This hk had

A RIGHT TO DO. BV THE CONSTITI'TIOX

AND LAWS OF TiiF. STATE. Several com-
panies were accordinglv equipped, and
put under the command of Captai

nnocent women and children. Yoa
have also disobeyed orders, and have
executed men without the sunction of
liiv! You have invaded the territory
of a nation at peace with us. and. under
the plea of iiecessitu. have trampled
upon the law of nations and the riglits
of foreign subjects. What better were
you than Wright? He failed — you
succeeded. Cut the ])rinciple in both

Wright, a gentlcuMU wlio, from iiidis- i cases is the same. Wright was head-
position, had ?iol been mustered into strong and precipitate. So were you.
the service of the U. S. in a previous i iNIoderation and forbearance seem to
draft of militia, and who tendered j have formed no part of your charac-
his assistance on the occasion. Capt.tter. Had Wright been less heedless
A\' right was instructed to call on Capt.'aid can-less of consequences, he would
Uollnvell. commandi g a detachment iiave been guiltless of shedding iimo-
of United Stiles militi. I, at Fort Karly. cent blood. So with yon. had you
and to rir!ui>l liim !o aid in tlie expedi- been guided by reiison and humanity,

TO eEN. ANDHEW JACKSON.

US

»he constitution would not iiave been
violated, ;ind the six militia-men whom
you sent to untimely graves, niiglit
hixxe been living monuments,! will not
eay of your clemency, but of your sense
of justice. But 1 return to the subject
in hand.

When you were informed of the un-
authorized attack upon the Clieiiaw
Tillage, vou flew into a violent passion,
issued an order for the apprehension of
Wright, commanding iiim to be con-
fined in irons; and. witiiout knowing
the circumstances, vented your rago
upon Gov. Hal)un, in the most insulting
and bullying language. By what au-
thority did you order Wrigiit to be
apprehended and confined in irons? He
was not under your command — had
never been mustered into your service,
nor was he in any way attached to
your army! He had been acting under
the authority of the state of Georgia,
and for his disobedience was amenable.

are the first man in tiie United States
who has violated the constitution with
impunity!

When it became known that Capt.
Wrigiit had disobeyed orders, and had
attacked the fntivhy instead of the
hostile Indians, Governor Kabiin ex-
pressed the deepest regret, and imme-
diately wrote to the Indian Agent on
the subject. He had Capt. Wright ap-
prehended and while he was engaged
in pacifying the Indians, and assuring
(hem tliat the attack was unauthorized,
he received from you a letter, couch-
ed in the most bitter and insulting
terms. Here, then, is another evidence
of your ungovernable and outbreaking
temper. Instead of seeking correct
information, or writing a letter in t!ie
language of a gentleman, you proceed-
ed in the dark, and poured out your
invective in all the ribald style of a per-
fect bully. Why did }0u write to
Gov. Rabun at all? Were you so

not to ywi, but to the law^: which he had 1 ignorant as not to know, that you had

tr-msgressed. Yet he was actually
taken into custody bv your soldiers, and
if he be yet living, he may thank God
that you were not present to suspend
the writ of Habeas Corpua, bj' which,
and the civil oflicers of that state, he
was wrested from your deadly grasp!
But. let me iiifiuire, at the time you is-
sued this tyrannical order, where were
i/ou, and what had yon been doing?
You were in a Spanish province, on your
march to Pcnsacola! While Wright,
through mistake, was attacking the

no command over him? Did you not
know that he was the chief magistrate
of an independent state, and that he
was not amenable to yni for his con-
duct? A man of your reputed infor-
mation should have known all this,
and knowing it, should have been gov-
erned accordingly. But it seems,
nothing was too high or too sacred, to
escape your imaginary power. You
towered above the constitution, and
with the same hardihood with which
vou invaded a neutral province, un-

wigwams of unofTcnding savages, you Idertook to reduce the Governor of a
were storming tlie forts of a nation state, to a servile submission to your
with whom we were at peace! You will. Your letter was not only insult-
were knojvingli/ acting in violation of ing; but discovered in every line, the

jour constitution, the lawofnations.and
the positive instructions of your govern-
ment!! \Vas it well for a man thus
situated to order a free citizen of the
United States to be confined in irons?
I will not pursue this sjbject further.
The transaction is in perfect accord-
ance with the whole tenor of your life.
Were it not for the achievement at
Ncw-Qrlcans, which has spread a veil
over your crimes and infirmities, there
is nofrone American in a lVi(iu>and who
would, not look upon you wiih the great-
est abhorrence. Your hands, Sir, are
■■'ninedwith innocent blood, and ^on

ignorant and inflated tyrant. Full oi
your own consequence, and setting at
naught the civil authoritv, vou say to
Governor Rabun: "YfUl," SIR. AS
GOVERNOR OF A STATi:. WITH-
IN MY MILITARY DISTRICT,
HAVF NO RIGIIT TO GIVK A
MILITARY ORDKR \VH1LST I AM
IN THE FIELD"'!! Can you find in
the range of your experience, in all
the acts of petty tyranny, a more arro-
gant and wanton assumption of power?
Whnt right had you to command the
Governor of Georgia? Whence your
authority to forbid him to exercise (be

i5«

TO r-.r^.S. ANWOKW JAJ KSO\.~KEl>rT>ATT. A VVSS.

CO o[ilUiiO.;al lu iClioils Ot' lli> (ili^cl

Wijoemp.>»veied ^o)« to call iiirn to ac-
count? Ifliif had he no riglii to give i
a military order w.ieii you was in the
field? Was not the fio itior of Georgia '
expo-'jd? Had not you left it with a
powerful arin\, open to Uie invasion of
the savages, and nas it for tiie Cov-
er ;or to wail till it might i/leasf vou to
return? B'.sides, Sir, you were not in
■\h'- "Jiehr to wUich you so iiaughtily al- 1
luded. You had left the United States, i
T'le frontier settlers of Georgia had'
.been massacred, and tlie Governor had ;
no otiier alternative but to resort lol
co'.s itntional inea:;5for dele cr!. Had
yo'i ecr^ present wilii an army at your ,
he'iU. your u;iprincipled a :d wantoi ,
conduct in otlier cases, leave no room |
to Jou'it what would have been your
course in this! The constitution aiid .
the laws would 'lave afiPird-d no pro-
tc'-'ion. The Governor "oidd iiave
paid for his temerity by impriso :ment,
ifi.ot with hi'< lif^. I have a right to
ir.fer this from your letter,, and from!
the host of bloody deeds, which mark-
ed vour footste[)s duri >g (he war. —
H 'd you been guilty of no other vio-
\i\ ion of duty, and of law, it might be
attiibiited to the excitement of the
m ment, and passed over in silence.
I i"^, howevf-r, i>ut a single link in a
!.• % chain of Ti^igrant abuses, for w!iich
you can offer no apology, and for
w' :cU tlv'rc can be no atonement.
T e love of dominion is still burniiig
in vour breast. You are not yet sated
w fi power. Yourvaiiity has prompt-
ed you to aspire to a wid(-r, an<l in
your liands a more dangerous sphere
ofailion; bn'. I pr;iy (ind, for the sake
of I'lO ronstitu'ion, and the counlr\.
you may be disappointed.

KKNOVM, i VKSK.

The*e two men are the principal i
Editors, in Kentucky, that take tlie i
le I J in supp'irting the Hero for Presi- '
di-nf. Iveidall has not been lon^
C'".:aged in tiie service. And it ap-
pear-, from his own aeknowledginenl,
tiiil hi> has received, ihrough his new j
poliiiral frie.';ds at U'a^lii' gton abou' j
t>yo thousatid dollars, bv wav of com- 1

pe:jsa U' , Pari Ioui.cl:, ai.J pai . .d-
vanced (or sui.scrlptoil^; his venahtj
is thus liilly estai)l'?!ied.

Kc.d.ill and Peon, were, for a long
time, hitler adver^aries; Penn and tiie
Pope> acicd in cohcert, fr<>m jealousy
otandnaired towards M;. Clay. Iv. n-
dallwa?on tile other aa.d tue protei; -e
o| Mr. Cl.i>, and his tturdy advoiate.
Bui Mr. Clay could noi give him an
oliice Willi a salary of loOO dollars,
and Kendall made a bargain wiih Mr.
Clay's opponents. Penn and ihePt | -s
oppose I'.e Administration, heinn^e
they hate Mr. Clay. Kendal) o\ | o-
■^es it for a coa-si-dc-rati-on. T us
u ited in o'ljfct, and upon a par in
principle, Kendall and Penn arc tne
champions of Jack-o. , and the de-
UMuncers oiAlr. Adams and Mr. Clay.
The Argu- of Ke-dall. arid ihe Ad-
VI rtiser of Penn, are tjuoted far a id
near -y the Jack-r"! papers, as deserv-
ing o.'credit, and entitled to confidence.
It is, therefore, important that they
should both be better k. own than tluy
are. The editor of the Commentator,
published at Krankfori, Kc; lucky, lias
brought tiieni out to uive the character
of eatii olher. We give his article.
From it the reader may form a just
coiceplion of the true character of
tiiese two worthies.

' r.ut who it re ihey ? Who are thev
i»ho aie (lerpettiilly ijpvisinu' '•shimlets^'
and 'Mvilfiil misre|iresenlations''' agninst
this paper ami its eiiilor? A hopelul pair
of asmriates. in a cause worthy of such
sujipnrlers, who knnw earii olher well.
Let thetj give some account of them-
selves. They can do it ni terms sniud
tolheirown tastes. &aiiproprnite en.Mii;!).
Let Air. Kendall, who stanrls as leader,
speak (ir>l. and tell us who J'enn is— ^
Hear hini!"

•' The vagnbon I Penn, wandered
about awhile, ihsronsolale. until lie»as
picked up \<y ihe Pope a i\feileralfartior,
at l.oiiisyille. as a conveiiimt tool. I>y
whom he has ever .since been used as a
hlackouanl and bully, to abuse and iroa--
bca( all thai is rqtuilican in Jefler-on
louDty and the state.''' — Jlrgus of October
10. 1825.

••Very well. — Now Mr. I'enn. please
to lellwho. and what .Mi. Kend^ill is. be-
-i.lrs lieing yonr a— riate, friend anf'
(ile-lcader. * Hear bim'"

KEXDAT-L & PENN THE BARGAIN.

151

•»Fohl That's worse Ihan Paine ami the
skui\Us — Now, are not you a pielly pair
til' polecal.-i to be accusing otiicrsol sland-
ei' and niisiepresentaliou?''

"OCr-Mi'. Kendall will certainly be dis- 1
aptiomied, if he imagines that the editni I
of this paper will descend to re>pond to |
hi-> vulgar and peisnnal abuse 'The lash
has been successfully applied to him as an
editor — -the gaird jade Tvinces"' — and he
resorts to a species of personality, of
which, contemptible as he is, he may yet
have cause to repent." — Louisville Jldver-
(iser.ofSept. ?, 1825

'■Oh, that's pitiful xcliining — Cant you I tjon of every honest politician. It
give lis somct^ir«£r more spuidvy ?" I shows how monstrously unjust is the

"This compromisrmig\n be speedily accusation of Gen. Jacksoii, that he

THE UAUGA1\.

Tlic following article explains itself.
We recommend it to the serious attcn-

effected, if (be members of the Lesfisia-
ture COULD BE AS CIJKAFLV
BOUGHT AS AMOS KENDALL.' —
Ltiuisville Adv. Aug. 4, lo-5.

'• Not so very cheap cither Mr Penn —
.■^1610. if no otiier was paid or promised.
w:is a good round price, ihe full worth
.ind more too. Yim know he oiTeied
hunsclf to .Mr. Clay for ^1500. You re-
collect his testimony before the Senate

might by a hargain with Mr. Clay,
have become President. We copy it
from tiie JNew Hampshire Journal, of
March 24.
THE LAST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.

'• The charge of coriuptioti and intrigue
in the last Prsiden!iale!ectin[i,lirst brought
against .Mr. Clay by a member of the House
nf Kepre=ent;;tives, and there abandoned

however, proceed — and donl stop to talk I by its author, having been since given to

of '•compromise''' now.''

•'Amos Kendall is acting the part of a
political desperado. Me has now but one
object in vie.v, and that is, to irritate
those, whose virtue and good sense have
taught them to detest him The Argus

the |)ublic under the .-anctionof Gen. Jack-
son's name, has justly escited the atten-
tion of the people, in every part of the
country The nature of the charge it-
self not less thanlbc b;gh standing of the
parties, (both the accuser and the nccus-

has become t!i>: pitiful vehicle ol dirty j ed.) h .s given to this controversy an im-
arl nice, falsehood ano vulgar abuse, its pnrlance which justifies every new at-
editor, viewing the peojile, as actuated by I tempt to throw light upon the subject,
a mean sort of selfishness, and susceptible The late address of Mr. Clay to the pub-
of being misled by those who rely on lie has brougtit to my recollection certain
political chicanery and a niggardly species circumslaoces, vvhi(-h appear to me t" have
of low cunning, continues to give currcn-jsome bearing on this subject, and which
cy to statements, which men of half sense ' therefore I shall proceed to state,
must, at the tir't sight, pronounce impu- At the time of tlie late presidential elec-

dently false.' — Lou. A 'v. Hci. 1. 1826.

'• That's smarter — pretty well Wr.
Penn, and there is a good deal of truth in
vour remark, which you see, cuts.—
What do you say to it. Mr Kendall?

"Pitiful is the soul of that man. who
can attribute to others no higher motive

of act on, Ihan a job of printing!"'

'■ But of Penn we know much. In pre

tion, I had Ihe honor of a seat in the
(louseof Representatives; and my anxiety
to give effect to the known wishes of my
constituents forthe election of Mr. Adatns,
did not sulYer me to neglect any opportu-
nity o| informing myself, minutely, of the
progress of events, and of their causes.
\Vith Ihe friends of theseveral candidates,
particularly those of Mr Adams, Mr.

scribing uncomfortable predicaments and Crawford, and Mi. Clay, my iolcrcoursc
attitudes for others, he is doubtless aided | was con-tant. intiniale and extensive,
by c.cpcri''nce. He <;annot have f)rgoten j With many of them. I conversed freely,
tiie unsavory place into which he was and frcipienlly on the subject ; and became

plunged, in attempting to escape from the
vengeance of an insulted husband. The
Ohio may have washed his clothes and
skin clean, and given him the appearance
of a decent and respec'able gentleman;
but the waters of the ocean cannot cleanse
the fiul heart which led him to attempt
to insult and flishonor hisneiglihor." — Ar-
iT"'. Oct. 31. IS? 5.

early acquainted wilh their differeot
vieivs and feelings, in relation to it. as
well as the motives by which they ap-
peared to be inlliieaced: and 1 can safe-
ly declare, thai the result of all my in-
quiries, in respect to Mr. Clay, in par
ti' iilar. was a conviction, (founded on in-
numerable farts aid indicali"!!^ of opin
ion. oc^iirrincr under mv own observation. '

15S

THE BARGAIN.

that, in this difficult and delicate juncture, has there adduced, it i^ in nay power to
his coiiiiuct was disiintjuislied by purity , add tlie followiug. It was my practice
ef motives, by a deep sense of public du- 1 while a memberorCongress, to note down,
ty, and great prudence and discernment i at the cl >!'e ot" each fessioo, in a journal
in the course proper to ot pursued. It , »vhich I kept for that purpose, whatever
was seen I'rom the commencement of the occurred to me, of uninteresting nature,
session, that his opinion would hive great during the session tliat had just closed,
inlluence in the election; and the iViends i The (ir-t ^esainn of the Icilh Congress
of Jr. Adams never suffered themselves closed on the 27th of May, 1824. The

to believe that Mr. Clay, — himself an
experienced statesman, bred (rom his
youth to the civil set vice of the country,
would thiow the decisive weight of his
powerful influence into the scale of a
'•military chieftain,'' before whom all
merits and ah services, merely civil,
seemed to disappear. In his high office
of Speaker of the House, he seemed anxi-
ous to preserve his usual impartiality be-
tween the coidlicting parties; and though
among his intimate tVien.ls, his opinions
wee known, he neither obtruded them
upon the members generally; nor, so far as
I could ob.-erve. did he take any undue
pains to conceal them.

With respect to his friends, (by whom
I mean the members of Congress from
those states which had voted for him tor
President,) it appeared tome that, gener-
ally speaking, tiieir attachment was not
to Mr. Clay as an individual merely, but
asa public man — as a statesman, whose
general views of policy were in accord-
ance with their own; an.1 that, finding
they could not make liiti President, they
looked round among tbe candidates for
the man iviiose views of policy nearest
resem'de those of .Mr. Clay; particularly
en tlie two creit questions, of Inter-
nal Improvement, and Domestic Manu-
factures. This was especially the case
with the Ohio members; and I was ex-
pressly told by one of them. (Gen MWr-
thur.) tliat ehirjlij vpontliest grounds. \)\ey
had come to the determination of voting
for ' r .\'lams. bclore they had ascertain-
ed what would be Mr. Clay's course on
this occasion.

loUowingextract from this journal isunder
date of ''June, 1824;" and was wrilttn by
me immediately on my return from Wash-
ington.

"I spoke but twice this session, to
Mr. Clay on this subject. The tirst-
was on the caucus, against which lie
declareil himself; hut professed to be
governed in tliis wliole matter, eiitlre-
Iv by ills friends' advice. The other
conversation related to General Jack-
son. It was soon after Pennsylvania
declared for the General; and when
he seemed, f'lr the moment, to carry
all before him. He spoke with equal
truth and feeling on the subject. He
said it was truly dismtra^his to see
lb» peojde so intoxicated aiid drludod,
by a little military glory — that a man
totally unknown to the civil history of
the country. — who knew nothing of the
constit'ition or laws of the land, — and
who, in short, had no other recommen-
dation than liiat which grew out of liis
forlunnle campaign :it New Orleans,
should he thought of for president of the
Utiited States, and even preferred to
all others. — at a time, too, when some
of tlie ablest men the country had ever
produced, (he did not mean, he said, to
include himself in the numtier) — men
who had grown grey in the civildepart-
ments of the government, in Congress,
in diplomatic missions, and in the cabi-
net, were before the public, ascandida-
tes for that olVirc — was, he said, such a
i symptom of tlie diseased state of pub-

It is not however so much the object of j Ijc sentiment, as must be equally alarm
this communi'-ation to express my own ] ino- and di.-<cou raging, whether viewed

opinion, either of Mr Clay's motives, or
ofihe conduct of hi« friend*, a? to exhibit
evidence in relation to certain ('acts stated
by him, in his last address to the public
In a p irl of that address, it is his object
to «b"v, that he had, early and repeat-
edly, expressed his opinion that General
.Inckson was not quililiod fir the Fresi

by lliose who sa;v the highest objects
of laudable ambition, snatched from
them by a military chief, or by those
calmer observers of passing events,
who look with i)hilo-;ophical, or pro-
phetic eye*, on the causes of the per-
manence or decay of our free institu-

donry; and consequently that he could in 1 1'^^"'*'

no event, be expected to vote for him. | The above extract contains but an

to the great nvi'-i nf evidence, wb.icli he | impcrfoct skctcit of Mr. Clan's remarks

THE BARGAIJf.

159

to me at tliat lime, lie declared with
great energy, his opinion, that what-
ever might be General Jackson's other
merits, he had no pretensions to the
character ol'a statesman; and he paint-
ed in lively colors, the dangers to which
the country was exposed, (rem the sud-
den overllow of military enthusiasm,
by which he was borne along. It was,
he said, an evil omen-^ and one which
forbnied nothing iavorai)lo to tin; fu-
ture uestiuics of tiie republic. I not
only considered these opinions of Mr.
Clay, as worthy to tie recorded, hut
spoke of them at the time, as indicating
very clearly, his intention to support
cither Mr. Adams, or Mr. Crawford,
agaiast Genei'al Jackson, should he
ever be called upon to decide between
them.

Recollecting this conversation, and
knowing that iMr. Adams was the se-
cond clioice of many of Mr. Clay's
friends, I expressed, at the commence-
ment of the next session, a very deci-
ded opinion ihat he would receive the
the vote of Mr. Clay. The state of
Mr. Crawford's health disqualified him,
in the view of all but liis iKuticular
friends, for the office of president; ai.'d
knowing, as 1 did, Mr. Clay's early and
deliberate opinion of Gen. Jackson's
want of the requisite qualifications, I
could not doubt, that, as a necessary
consequence of this state of things, lie
would vote for Mr. Adams. Tlie lirsl
week of the session did not pass, with-
out confirming me, very strongly, in
this belief. It was on the occasion of
the reception of General Lafayette,
^y the House of Representatives. In
the address made to him, as Speaker
of the House, Mr. Clay dwelt with
complacency on the civil virtues of
Lafayette; and spoke of his " uniform
devotion to icgututcl liberty," as com-
manding our highest admiration." Im-
mediately on tlie adjourimient, 1 ex-
pressed to Mr. Clay my satisfaction at
the preference which lie had given to
the civic merit of Lafayette, over his
mere military exploits; and my hope
that we should not soon forget this just
distinction. He replied to me, that it
was chiefly as the friend ofcivil liberty,
tliat Lafayette was admired in this
'."untry: and that it becp.mc the IIoii-c

of Representatives, in particular, aa
the guardians of our civil rights, to re-
ceive him in this, his highest character.
He added, with peculiar emphasis:
'•V'ou will not find nu , Mr. Flumer,
disposed, by any ad of mine, unneces-
sarily to increase the military fcoesy
which has already produced such
strange effects among us." From the
manner in which this was spoken, 1
could understand it in no other way
than as a direct answer to my allusion
to the approaching presidential elec-
tion; and I drew from it the obvious
co:iclusion, that Mr, Clay intended to
vote for Mr. Adams. This was on the
18th of December, 1824— the day of
Lafayette's reception, as may he seen
by a reference to the journals of the
House. The supposed <'orn<^/ overture
o" Mr. Clay to Gen. Jackson is alleged
to have hcen made on the 30th of tlie
same month.

In his late address to the public, p.
18, Mr. Clay sa>s, "Ifl had received
the vote of Louisiana, and been one of
the three candidates returned, I had
resolved, at a time when there was
every probability of my receiving ilj
that I would not allow my name, in
consequence of the small number el
votes by which it would be carried in-
to the House, if I were returned, to
constitute an obstacle to an election.'"
This statement is confirmed by the let-
ter of Mr. Johnson of Louisiana, to
whom he made known his determina-
tion, before the meeting of Congress.
j It may be further confirmed by the fol-
lowing extract from my journal, under
date of "March, 1825," wjitten immedi-
ately on my return from the session of
1824-5.

'•General M'Arthur, of Oliio. told
me, that, meetii'g Mr. Clay one day,
when it was thought that he would re-
ceive the vote of Louisiana, he told him
that if he came into the House, it
would be by so small a vote, that ho
was afraid his friends could do him
I very little service llure — that .Mr. Clay
answered, he hoped he should not be
] returned as one of the candidates.
I since it was evident that his election, if it
I could take place, would be contrary to
j the expressed opinion of a vast majori-
fv oftliC pc'inlc — and thai if returnf*^

iOn THE BARr;AIN.— A UEClSlVESMiN.— THE KARMER OF TENNESSEE.

to tlip House, under such ciicumstan-lthcir meetings the cotHn handbill, »\ith
cey. by receiving tiie Louisiaiia votes, the deiiuiiciatioiis of iiifamou5,di?grtKC

he should tliink it his duty to decline
tiie support of fils friends, and use his
own influence in support of one of the
oilier f andidales."

The preceiJing extracts appear to

ful. i:c. On the 28ili of March, wc
were told, it iiad been "cxhibilerl to llu
JacJisun mceliiigs, held this veeit. it: the
severai icards of this cili/." And it wm
added: " It /'■-" unitccrssuri/ to May it hat:

me entitled lo more weight than any prodwed one uiii-frsal >etilimenl of dis-
statement 1 could make from mere re-\gust,anrl indignctiim with all vlto Azc
cclleLtioii; as they were \>ritlen ntl seen it.'' One of the Jackson papers,
the time, for my use only, and with no | called upon their aJiierents, not to he
expictation that they would ever be i remiss and sutler Truths Advocate to
seen by any other person. If the facts' trumpet a victory to its five thoujai.d
they contain should add any thing to the [subscribers. It hi^^ing bee'i distinctly
ju-t defence of an injured fellow citi- stated in the C'ii*l8Sttati G .zette. ;i at
ze- , my object in their publication,! the election woul^ b4a tc-t of pany
will have been accomplished. To! strength, a Jackron ha .dbill was stuck
stand by, in silence, and see another j up, all through ti:e city of. the moning
urjuslly assailed, when it is in my {of the eUclion, in the foUowhig terms,
power to aid in his defence, by the ex-
hibilion of fads known only to me,
wouhl in my opinion, be little less
criminal, than to be myself the author
of the wropc.

WILLIAM PLUMf:R, JunV.
Eppitig,A: n. March 18, 1828.

ATTENTION ErECTOIlS!!!

" Thi- P.jll for Towijfhip oBiccrs open? at t
oVlock. A. ^1. iiiid clo'es :it C o'clock P. M.

'• Tlic Poll for Citv oiBcer- op-iis at 9 <i'c!ock,
A. M. ami clo*c= at'4 o'clock, P. M

"Rcmciiib. r the Test unnouiiceii by C. Hara-
momi i- Co. ami lose not jour votes bj matlrD-
tiou lo the hours of election."

But all this availed nothing. The
charm was most evidently broken, and
la majority of the godd people of Cin-
A DECISIVE SK;.V. 'cinnati, have set their sign ma .uel of

The. election for members of the i condemnation upon the Hero and Ms
city couiril, of the city of Cincinnati, satellites. The people, have defeated
and of Trustees for the township of the people! The coflin hand bill has
Cincinnati, including the Territory of operated nothing for those who at
the city, took place on Monday the 7th templed to use it. If it cxi ited indigna-
of April. The vain confidence of llie tion, it was agai;!St the perpetrator of
Heroitcs in their strength, induced the enormities it exhibits. Its eflerts,
them to commence the contest, with a if it had an\. have been the same pro-
determiiiationto elect no man. for any duced in New H.nmpshire, and they
of the olfices, who was not a supporter , seem to point to the propriety o| jivinc
of the General for President. The
A'.lmini>-tratie(»i men met them on their
own ground. Tlie battle iuis been
foii:i;ht. and the Heroitcs completely
vaiKUUsiied. The city is divided into
five lllriis. e.ich electing three council-
nicii. Twelve of the lificen council-
men, arc supporters of the administra-

it a more general circulati<

Tnr. FARM KR of Tes.nf.ssee.— The Logis
lalureof Loui*i:ina have passed a law nri;,rQ-
imaUnirTKN THOUSAND ih.llars to dclraj
the e\iicii'cs of Gen. Jackson's visit to ?<i'«-
Orleaiisoii the late '-Glorious ci-hth."' .Now, il
his friends ask ID.tWO .lollars to pay the csiu-n-

tio!i. The aggreg.ite maioritv for the i -. . . . ■ , , „ r. •.;.fiv„,.,,,.r

, , . , , e^n . n'l ti I ce5ol oneic.it in which the fiirmeri/il'niK.'WC

whole, IS about -W votes. J he Ad- | j^ 5|^^yp,l oU" to theiiiultiliule,-haw n.iich will
mi ' ■■■■■•■ -T, .

town

Kuc, is .iiii'ui -u<^' ,i'n.-. J I IV, ''"- I is sliowcd oU to tl[eiiiultilune,-naw n.iicn "
nibtratJO!: ticket for Trustees of the • they nsk for n similar purpose when he h mii

, f' I'lr. \ c • I- './,//a.-./;,ra.<.-...ifr.'Trulytl,isisamorff.r7»

ol about r,00 votes. So much for

til. • !:(rntc|nr" vaunted strong hold of
,1. .r.;.!ii, il.' city of Cincinnati.

■ ma !c aciivc edorl-.

MS hr.wked «bonl. .r

iJc

usand

rpcri-

>imof thai rqtHlilicansii'npiiril;/ which we have

I. .I'll pronii.scil .m the election of General Jirk-

-•u'. A |irctU e\ainple of that lenilcr rare for

'• '. 'j ii.'.iii^u. wlii'l' i' to 'istinciii'h Gin-

H.:.'s U ■ Only T.r-

so l>oi.r «i: ■ ■'^'^'-

TiiUTH'l^i ADVOC^ATi:

AND

MONTHLY ANTI- JACKSON EXPOSITOR.

CINCINNATI, OHIO, MAY, 1828.

GE.N'KRAI, JACKSON'S VIOLENCE.

It li;i? been objected against General
Jackson, (hat he is a man ot" violent
and ungovernable temper, and, for that
reason, ought not to be elected Presi-
dent. His supporters partly deny, that
he is more rash or violent, than men in
general; and partly insist, that no evil
is to be apprehended, from the iiuiul-
gence of his passions, were he elected
President. It is the purpose of this
paper, to examine both these sugges-
tions: Proofs will be produced upon
the first, and some illustrations attempt- j
ed, upon the second; and to Ijoth, ihe
attention of the reader is requested.

In this i'.vestigation, I shall draw no
proofs from the atjnals of the General's
private life, and none from the history
of his proceedings in the late war. I
shall conline r.ivself to his own coi-.duct,
since he became known to the nation,
and since his reputation was. in some
degree, identified with that of his
country. Public distinction, not only
confers honor, it imposes arduous du-
ties. Many indulgencies may be allow-
ed, to a mere private man, which ought
not to be tolerated in one of eminence.

perform his duties, as Major General,
in the (juiet and respectful manner that
luame the office. James Madison was
Pusident of the United States, ajid
Gen. Jackson knew that he was not a
man to countenance a system of "i/ooti
and carnage.'''' In March, 1817, Mr.
Monroe was inaugurated President.
Towards General Jacksoi, Mr. Moi.roe
iiad manifested no common respect. —
They stood in the most friendly rela-
tions to each other. Communications
and consultations had taken place be-
tween them, as to the formation of the
Executive Cabinet, certainly the very
highest evidence of mutual esteem. — ■
It would seem tiiat General Jackson
regarded the elevation of Mr. Monroe
as an event that removed all necessity
for him longer to impose restraint upon
his course of conduct.

I have no knowledge what was the
cause, but it is well known that Gen.
Jacks( n cherished very unfriendly feel-
ings towards Mr. Ciawtbrd, who was
then Secretary of War: And he took
an early occasion, after Mr. Monroe
became President, to ofler outrage and
insult to tl;e Government, in the person

, In one case, the example can work buti of the Secretary of War. The follow-
► a partial evil; in tiie otlicr,itsmi5cliiels I ing general order, was issued by him,

may be incalculable. Self command | on the 22d of April, 1317.

and self respect are almost inseparable.

A.d he who cannot or does not control
him-elf. is unfit to govern others; be-
cause, though he may be feared, he
cannot be respected by them

"DIVISION ORDER.

AdJI'TANT Gt'NERAL's OfFICE,

H. Q. Division of the South.

Nashville. April 22. 1317.
The commandiDg general considers it

The outrages upon tlie rights of in-uJue to the principles of subordination,
dividuals, and the laws of the country,! vvl)ich ought and must exist in an army,
perpetrated bv Gen. Jackson at the ''' prohibit the disobedience of any frder

close of his career at New Orleans,
made, at the time, a deep and sol-
emn iinpressicn, on the public mind.
No loud voice of condemnation was
raised: but there was a strong and
mixed sentiment of regret and censure
that pervaded the countrv- General
Jackson perceived it, and very wiseh

emanating from the department of war,
lo officers of this division, who have re-
ported and been assirned to duty. iiide.'S
coming through him as (he proper organ
ofrommunicalion The object of (his or-
der is to prevent the recurrence of a cir-
ciiniPt-.'nce which removed an important
ofiicer from the division without the kimw-
ledge of the commanding general, and in-

bubmitled to its silent chastening; j deed when he supposed that officer enga-

Forabout two years tic continued to' ged in his official dcties, and anticipated

162

GENERAL JACICSON'^ VIOLENCE.

hourly the receipt of his official reports
on a subject of sreat importance to hi*
comnoHnd; also lo prevent ilic topograph-
ical reports from beiwj; matte public
through the medium of the neH«-paper«.
as was (lone in the c i«e alluded to. there-
by enahlinff (he enemy to obtain the ben-
elil of all our topographical researches as
«oon as the general rnmraanilit.g. who is
re'p'insihle for the division. Superior of
firers liavinjr commands assigned tliem
are held responsible to the guvernmenl
for the character and conduct of that
command; ami it miglit as well he ju.-tified
in in oifirer senior in command t.i givej
orders to a s'lird on duly . iviihout pass-
in? Ih;it order throiigh the otli'xr of th-tl
guard, as that the department of war
should couiiiprm.irid the arr:ingempnts of
com^landillg grnrrals without giving llieir
orders thr.Mjeli thr proper channel. 'i\> |
acquiesce in .«uch a course, would be a i
tame surren.ier of military rights aud
etiquette; and at once subvert the estab-
lished principle'' of subordination and
good order Obedi«'nce to the lawful
commanils of superior officers is constitu-
tionally and moriilU requiied. \.<\i\ there
is a rh.iin ofcnmmunicalion that biqiis the
military compact, whirh if broken opens
the door to disnhedience and disrespect. '
and gives loose lo the turbulent spirits I
who are ever rendy to excite to mutiny.!
All ihysicians able lo perform dut\,wlio
are absent on furlough, will I'orihwilli re-
pair to their respectixe posts. Com-
minHiiig olhcers ot' regiments and corjis
are nrder<.(l to report specialh/ ail officers
absent from duty on the SOlh of June
next and their cause of absence. The
array is loo small to tolerate idlers, and
they will be dismissed the service

By orderof Major General Jackson

(Signed) IIUBEKT liL'TLKU.

% .\djutant General

it i; not my intention to off^r .-iny
comnK'utbf rtiyowii, ujion this order.
I iittrj luce it as tlic fust of a series of
exlfWa.;;iiKics, that marked the ca-
reer ot'Gen. Jackson, throiis;!) the res-
idue of the year 1017. Besides, it is
rC|>uMislied as <X|ii:i"atorv,of olher|
high tnatter, withwiiichil isconiiocted. '
So soon as this order was puiilislied in I
tlie iicwi-papcrs, it became a matier ofj
much conversation and some censure.
'ri«>se led to a roiitroversy helwecii'
(Jen. Jackson and rien. Scott, and a
■orrespoiideiifo between them suhse-
Tiier.tljlaiJ beiorc the jMiMir. Iml not

vory exteusively circulated. One let-
ter written by Geu. Jackson to Gen.
Scott, is, perhaps, the most extraordi-
nary specimen of indecent violence aiid
outrage, that, in modern times, has
been addressed hv one gentleman to
another. It serves, in a peculiar and
forcible manner, to illustrate the tem-
per and disposition of the General. —
it cannot be properlv estimated with-
out reading it, in .connection with the
matter that gave ri^e to it : and for that
reason the whole is here inserted.

"GEN. J.ACKSO;5i«TO GEN. SCOTT.

Head Quarten, Diiisionof llie Sautfi\
Nashville. Sepiember 8, 1817.

Sir. — W ill) that caniiour due the char-
acter you hav. sii^taincd as a»snldier and
a man of lionour. and with the frankness
of the latter, I addressyou.

Enclosed is a copy of an anonymous
letter, po?t maiked. New Ynrk, I4;h Au-
gust. 1817. together with a public.itioo,
taken from the ('olumbian. which accom-
panied the letter. I have not permitted
myself for a inoQient to believe, that the
conduct ascritied to you is correct. Can-
dour, however, induces me to lay them
bel'ore you. that you may have it in youf
power lo say how far they be incorrectly
stated.

It my order has been the subject ot
your animadxersions, it is believed you
will at once admit it. and the extent to
which you may have gone.
I am. Sir, respectfully,

Your most i-ibe'ient servnnt,

(Signed) .ANDREW J.^CKSON

Gen. \V. Scott, L'. S. .Army

AiioDVnious Letter .iildrps^ecl to Maj. Gei-.
Andrew Jackson, po»lmarki-<i ".NcwYork, Auc
14," atul rrceivcil tlir 3il Septembej, I8IT. (Kii
closed in the foregoiiii;.) ^ i^

" Yiiurlate order has been the subject
of much private, an ' some public remark.
The war otlice gentry and their adhe-
rents, pensioners and expectants, have al!
been busy; but no one (of sutlicient mark
lor your notice) more than i^Iajor General
Scoit. wlio, I am credibly informed, goes
so far as to call the order in question, an
act of mutiny. In this district he is the
orffan of Government injiniKiiions. and
the supposed :iuihor of' the paper enclosed
— which. Irowevcr (the better to cover
bim) wa- not published uiilil he had left
this city for llie Lakes. He on ynur guard.
As liipy have pla^ e I spies upon Bmwn
here, so it is probable you are not with-
out them. The Eastern Federalists bavt

GENEHAL JACKSON'S nOI.rVCE.

163

now all become good Republicans, anfl

pledged to the sujipnrt of the President,
as he to them Governniftil can now do
well without the aid of Tennessee, &c ij-c.
'A W'tni to the wise is enough.'

together with the two pHpers therein en-
closed.

I am not the author of the miserable
and unmeaning ailicle co|)ied froni "the
Columbiiin,''' jind not being a reader of

The enclo^erl is taken from the Colnm- that ga/ette, should |.robiibl) never have
bian. a paper of much circulation in this i heard of it. I.u'. f >r the copj jou have sent
state. IVew York. j me And whilst on the subject "lv< li ing

Cerlitie<i. and signed, — J M. Glassell ' arid publishine. it may save time to ?ay.dt
Aid de Camp." once, that with the exception ot ilie sub-

" The f.'llon ing article was enclosed in j s<°-"Cf "I" t"o articles n hirh appeared in
the foregoing letters. j -The Enquirer,'' last fall, and a journal

'• General Jackson"* doctrines of nbe- i "^^P' »vhil>t a prisoner in the hands of the

dience. Queries to the Editor of , j enemy, I have not written, nor ^i^u^ed any

and other learned casuists. 1 . Suppose | o'^^^'l" write a single line fir any gazette
the Government of the Inited Stales give j whatever, since the commencement of the
orders to a general officer, or delicately '<*'^ "'*'"•

signify their wishes and intentions, to re- Conversing with some luo or three pri-
move from ace rtain command, one of the | ^"'^''^ gentlemen, about as many times, on
generafs protegees and favorites? These i 'he subject of the Division order, dated
orders, or intentions of Government, aie j »' Nasliville. April ii2d. Ibl7, it is true
not plea.Hng to either the ciuef, or his ' 'h;>t I gave it as my opinion, that that pa-
subordinate. They, therefore, employ 1 per was. as it respected the futur<", muli-
their joint faculties of manoeuvring to , """' 'f its character and tendency ; and,
frustrate the object of Government. By I "S 't respected the past, a reprimand of
artilices. evasions, and pretended misap- ! the Commander in Chief, the President of
prehensions of meaning, they have so far j 'he United States; for although the latter
pievailed as to hold a command in deli- U'e not expressly named, it is a princii)le

aice of Government itself, for nearly a
year.

Does not this case prove, that Govern-
ment, when restricted, according to the

well underst .od,lhat the war department,
without at \e;i^ihh supposed sanction can-
not give a valid command to an ensign
I have tl'.us. Sir. frankly answered the

dictatorial system of General Jackson, ' fjueries •iflilres'etl to me, and whicli were
may not only he trirkeil ami insulted, but j suggested to jou by the letter of yur
absolutely nulldkd? What redress would I anonymous correspondent, liut on a ques-
an interested court martial alTord? i lion so impoitant as that which you have

2. Suppose that thnugh the same Gen [raised with the war department, or in
oral, positive orHers ivere given, by Gov- o'her words, with the President of the
ernment, for another officer to supersede | United States, and in which I (ind myself
hispiotegecand favorite in the command i incidentally involved, I must take leave to
of his usurped place. Suppose these pos- illustrate my meaning a little: In doing
ifive orders, a- '.hey were not susceptible ' wnich. I shall employ almost the precise
of quibble or subferfuje. be pocketed, laid : fanguane -jthich ti-aj used on the occasions
aside, delayed, and not executed, for more i above altui/ed to.

months than it would be necessary to cm- 1 Take any three officers. Let A be the

ploy days or hours; would this case prove ' common supeiior, B the intermediate

the utility of Government relying for the commander, and C the junior. A wishes

execution of its ordets solely on the in 'to make an order, which shall aliect C.

(egrity of a commander? Perhaps it may The good of the service, etiquette, and

be alleged th^l such cases aie purely inia- courtesy require, no doubt, that the oider

ginary; let facts which have occurred in should pass through B; or, if exjpedilion

less than a year be examined, and it will |and the dispersed situation of the parties

then be known whether they vary in any I make it necessary to send the order direct

respect, from the cases as above slated. I to C, (of which necessity A is the judge),

.A QUERIST. ifhe good of the service, etiquette, and

— ! courtesy require, with as little doubt, that

GEN. SCOTT TO GEN. J.ACKSON. •■ ( A notify B thereol". as soon as practicable.

H. Q. \st and 3d Mitifary l^cpartments, \S»ch notice, of itself, has always been
Acts For/.-. October 4th. iS\T. j held sufficient, under the circumstances

Sir,— I have the honor to acknowledge ] last stated But we will suppose that A
l<e receipt of your letter cf (be Tth ult. 'sends the order direct to C. and neglect"

U>4

GENERAL JACKSO\»8 VIOLENCE.

tonoiirv B thereof; — "tnil such appears loj F.xecutive will he offeocfed at the opinion,
be the precise case alluded to in the or-' that it h is committed an irregularity ">

der bei'ore cited. Ha? B no redress
apainst this irregularity? He miy un-
questionably remonstrate n ith A, in a res-
pectful manner; and if remnnstrance fail,
and there b-? a higher military aulhoiily
th;in ^, 15 may appe;il to it for redress —
N'>»v, ill the case under con«ideration,
there t:xi«tpd no such higher authority; —
the vv;ir department, or in other words, Mc

the traosmi-sion of one of its-orders; and,
a- to yourself, although i cheerfully ad-
mit that you are my superior. 1 dc-ny that
voii are my commanding otiicer, within the
meaning of the 6th article of the rules
and articles of war. Even if I had be-
longed to your division. I should not hesi-
tate to repeal to you all that I have said,
at any tiuie, on your subject, if a proper

Frcsu/eHf. being the common superior(Aj, occasion oflered. And what is more, I

and tlic general of divisiOD.the iiitcrine
di.ite commander (B) A private and
re>pectful remonstrance, therefore, ap
pears to hive been the only mode of re-
dress which circum-tances admitted of. —
An appeal to the army or the public, be-
fore or after such remonstrance, seems to
h:ive been a greater irregularity than the
meisiire coniplaine<l of. To reprobate
th.it measure publicly, as the Division or-
der Hops, was to monnt still high.er in the
scale of indecorum; but when the order
g .es so far as to piohibit to all officers in
the division an obedience to the com-
mands of the President of the United
States, unless received through division
head quarters, it appeiis to me. that no-
thing but mu(-ny and defiance, can be uii-
deistoof! or intended

should expect vour approbation, as. in my
humble judgment, refutation is impossi-
ble.

As you do not adopt the imputations
contained in the anonymous letter, a C"py
of which you enclosed me, I shall not de-
grade myself by any luither notice of
it.

I have jiist shown Ijie article from "the
Columbian'' to some military gfnllcmen
of this place, t'rom whom I learn, that it
was probai'ly intended to be applied to a
case uhicli has recently occurred at West
Point. The writer is supposed to procetyl
upon a report (which is ncverlhelt-Ss be-
lieved to be erroneous) that Jsrgadifr
General Swift had orders from the war
.lepartment, more than twelve months
since, to remove Captain Piutiidge ifom

Tliere is .inother view of this subject, | ,|,g Mi|jt.,ry Academy; and that he sup
wh -h must have esc;iped you, as I am
pcrsiiaJed there is not a m in in America
le-s lispiiscd to shift responsibility trom
himself to a wenjter party than yourself.
S;ipi")se the war .lepartment. by order of
the President, sends instructions direct to
tlip commanding olViccr, perhaps a cap
tain, at Natchitoches (a p^is: within your
divisinn) to attack the body of Spanish

nv-ilists nearest to that frontier, 'f <•>« I -po Maj. Gen" A. Jackson
captain obeys, you arrest him. But. i(
in comjiliance with your prohibition, he
sets the commaiuls of the President at
n:itifrbt. he would liiid himself in a direct
co.diict with the hiijhest military authori-
ty under the Constitution, and thus would

presseo tliuse ordeis, &c. The author is
iielioved to he a young man o( the aiiny,
and was, at the time of publication, in
this city, hut not unil« r my command, and
with whom I ha\e never had the sm.i.'lcst
intimacy. I torhear to mention his i itae^
because it is only known by conjecture.
1 have the honour to be. ^-c

[Signed] W.SCOTT.

GEN. JACKSON TO GEW,8C0TT.
//. Q, Division of the South.
Nashville, Dec. ,*5, 1817,
III, — 1 have been absent from lliii

have to maintain, against that -fearful j place a considerable time, rendering the
odds,'' the dangerous position laid down | last friendly ollice I could, tn a particular
in your order. Surely this consequence j friend, whose eyes I closed on the CDth
c.-iuld not have been toresecn by you, I ultimo. Owing to this, your letter ol the
when vou penned that order. " : 4!b of October, w.as not received until the

I must pray you to believe. Sir, that I | 1st instant,
have expresse.rmv opinion on this great 1 I'l-on the rerc.pt of the anonymous
nupstion. without' the least hostility ,„ | communication, made me Irom New Kirk
vourselfpersonallv.^ind without anvview II hastened to lay it belore you. Th:it
ofmakmg my coui't in another qnarler. .is course was suggested to mc by the respect
jq ms.nn.ted by your anonymous corres M frit for you as a man and a soUhcr. >'.nd
pondcnl I have nothing to fear or hope th:,! you milfhl have it in yout power to
from cither party. K is not likelv that the answer how f;ir you had been guilty of

GENERAL JACKSON'S VIOLENCE.

ICi

so'i.-io init ioexi"iis:iii|p coiiducl. I.iile-
pei> lent of tfie service? you had rendered
yoMr cnuntry. the circumstance ot' your
wealing the badge and en^ignia of a sold-
ier, led me to the conclusion, that I was
addressing a gentleman. VVilh these
fteliii£js you were written to; and had
an idea been for a moment entertain-
ed, that you could have descended
from the high and disrnitifd charicter of
a '^lajir General of the United States, and
used language so opprobrious and inso-
lent, as you have done; rest assured. I
should have viewed you, us rather too
contemptible tn have held any converse xuith
you nn the sulject If yon have lived in
the ivirld thus long, in entire ignorance
of the ol/'i^iitions and duties xohicli honour
impose, you are imleed, past the time of
leiniiiig: and surely he must he ignorant
of 'hem. who seems so little under their
influence.

Pray, Sir. does your recollection serve,
in what school of philosophy you were
taught; that, to a letter enquiring into the
DHtiire of a sujiposed injury, and clothed
in laoguage decorous and unexceptiona- 1
ble, an anS'ver should he given, rou'hed in i
pompous insolence and hnllying expression?
I ha I lioped.lhat what was charged up- j
On vol] by my anonymous correspondent,}
wa- UTifoinded ( h^d hoped so, from a
belief that General Scott was a soldier
and a jtntleman Bu; when I see ltio»e
staieiiiPTits doubly confirmed bv his own
wields, it becomes a matter of inquiry,
how far a man of hofiourahle feeling*,
can reconcile them to himself, or longer
set -ip a claim to that character. Are v~'u
ignoiLint. Sir. that hafi my order, at which
your refined juigment is so extremely
tourt.pd been ma<le the subject of inquiry, !
yoM -night, from your standing, not your
ch ;.racter. Iiave been constituted one of'
mv judges? (low very proper then, was I
it, tliiis situated, and without a Liiow ledge i
of a-iy of the attendant circumstances. |
for you to have prejudged (he whole mat-
ter. This, .(t different times, and in the
cirrlp of your friends, you could do, and
yet. had I been arraigned, and you de-
tailed as oue of my judges, with the de-
signs of an assassi)i. lurking under a fair
exterior, you would have ipproacbed the
ho"y sanctuary of ju«tice Is conduct
like this congenial with that high sense of
dignity, wliich should he seated in a sold-
ier's bosom? Is it due from a brother
officer to assail in the dark, the reputation
of another, and st'ih him in a moment -.vlien
f'n cannot rrpect it? ! might insult ao hon-

oura'ilt" ma:i 'oy quesiion.-i -iii..;! a* M(»se;
hut shall not expect that they will har-
row up one, who must be dead to all thi.,c
feelings, which are the true characteristic
of a gentleman.

In terms, polite as I was capable of no
(ing, I asked you if my informant bad
stated tiuly? — If you were the author of
the publication and remarks changed
against you, and to what extent? .\ ri-.f-
erence to your letter, witfiout any cooj-
ment of mine, will inform, how fir you
have pursued a simdar course; — /ioicj lit-
th of the lirntleman. and hoj: much oj the
hectoring bully you have manifested. If
nothing else would, the epiuiets wtiich
grace your shoulders, should have dicta-
ted to you a different course, an.: have
admonished you. that however smfill may
have .een your respect for another, res-'
pect for yourself should have taught you
the necessity of replying at least mibily,
to the inquiries I suggested : and mote es-
pecially sh'iuld you have done this, when
your own convictions must have tjxed \otj
as guilty of the abominable crime of detrac-
tion.— of slandering, and behind his back,
a brther officer. But not content with
answering to what was proposed, your
overweening vanity has led you to niake
an offeiing of your advice Believe me,
Sir. it is not in my power to reiidei joa
my thanks. I think ton highly of my self
to suppose, that I stand at all in need of
your admoniliins; and too lightly cfyou,
to appreciate them as useful. For gorid
advice I am always thankful; biit.'it-\cr
fail to S|)urn it, when I know it to flow
from an incompetent, or corrupt source.—
The breast vahrre ba>^e and guilty passions
dwell, is not the placeto look for viiiue,
or anv thing that leads to virtue, illy
notions. Sir. are not those now tauglil la
m'wiern Schools, and in fashionable liigb
lilf. They were imbibed in aiK.crit.
days; and hit! erto hjve, and yet bear me
to the conclusion, that he who can waul. 'n-
ly outrage the feelings of another. — who,
withoui cause, can extend injury where
none is done, is capable of any cttii.c,
however dele-table in its naiuie; and will
not fail to commit it, whenever it may be
imposed by necessity

I shall not stoop, Sir. to a jusliGcatioa
of my order before you, or to notice the
weakness and absurdities of your tin.'el
rhetoric. It may be quite conclusive with
yiiiirself; and I have no disposition to at-
tempt convincing you, that youi ingenuity
is not as profound. as you have imagined
it. To my governmeot, whenever it may

IGG

GEVEUAL JACKSON'S VIOLENCE.

please, I hol<i myself liable to answer,
and to produce the reasoDR which prompt-
ed me to the coarse I took; and lo the
inlermeddling pimps ari'i spies of the -jsar
deparlment. ivhoureio flie garb ofgeiuie-
men, I hold myself responsible for any
grievance they may labour under on my
acC'iUDt: with winch you have my per-
mission to number yoursplf. For what 1
have said, 1 offer no apology. You have
deserved it all, and more, were it nccesi-
sary to say more. I will barely remark,
in cniiclusion. that if you feel yourself ag-
grieved at what is here said, any com-
mnnicatinn from you will reach me safely
at this place.

I have the honour to be,
Very respectfully.

Your obedient servant.
[.Signed] ANDREW J.\CKSON.
Brevet Maj. Gen. VV. Scott, U. S.
.Array. New York.

An intelligent render cannot fail to
perceive, that this letter from General
Jaclcson is alt02;etiier in the worst pos-
sible taste. It is not merely vulgar,
rude, and abusive: but it is character-
ized l)v a kind pf flippant pertnes?, pe-
culiar to a p'tli-d and spoiled favorite,
in a sophomore class at colle!j;c. There
is in it, ail assumption of supcrioritv, a
corisequential swagger, most otfensive
to propriety. But its virulence of in-
vective casts its other defects into
shade.

' The reader is requested again to pe-
ru-e thelelterof Gen. Scott, a'ld ascer-
tain, if he can, what there is in it "op-
prohrioiis tiivl insolent?''^ what of ^^ po'it-
poH-< insolence mil l>it!!t/ing expression?"'
■what that should forfeit for him the
characlerof a '^sofiiiernwln nrnllrynnn ?^'
prove him '^is^noranl of the ubli^ations
an I rltilics vhich honour impo.te" and
rciider him '-/oo contrmpliblc to hold any
converse with ?" What that manifests
the "f/r.s/iTd.s ofnn nssosain,'^ or an inten-
tiovi '•'•to ass'iil in the dark the reputation
of another, 'ind atabliim at n moment zehrn
hr eannni rrprct it?"" What of "the her-
torin'j bull I/?''' of ^^tlctrartion ?" of '•hlnn-
lieringhchin'l his hack n brother offirer?^'
of " corruption." or of '■'base and gniltp
w/«wof(.^.'" What that should stamp
liiin tin '■;'iWTMCiW//»(,!r pimp and. spi/ of
the 7i-or dcpnithient?" The request is
repealed; let (he candid reader point

out, if he can, in the letter of General
Scott, any thing to warrant these harsh,
coarse, and discreditable imputalioas.

Gen. Jackson had issued an e.Ktra-
ordiiiary order, contravening, iii direct
terms, the orders of the President ; for
every- order from the war department,
must be received as emanati'ig from the
President. He had couched his order
in no termsof me isured respect for his
superior. It was published to tiie world,
and excited a great deal of remark and
speculation. Many spoke of it as mu-
tinous in its tendency and character.
Amongst these, was Geiicral Scott.-"
His opinions are conveyed to General
Jackson, through the suspicious and
discreditable channel of an anonymous
letter, imputing, al-o, to Gen. Scott, the
authorship of an anonvmous publica-
tion, in a newspaper. Upon this. Gen.
Jackson calls upon Gen. Scott for ex-
planation. He assens '• if my order has
been the subject of your nninuidversions, ii
ii believed you will at oiuv admit it, and
the extenl to lohich you may have gone,'"'
Gen. Scott meets this expectation. —
He says, frankly, that in two or three
privaleconvcrsation5,with two orthree
private gentlemen, "/ gave it as my
opinion, that that pfip^irwas, as it rejtpectcd
the future, mutinous in its character and
tendency."' Gen. Scott proceeds to il-
lustrate his opinion, by stating two oi
three supposed cases. This is done in
the most respectful manner, and in tiie
most courteous terms. No sentiment
is manifested towards Gen. Jackson
but that of respect. Gen. Scott says,
in so manv words, ^ I have Gr/>rf«.c,v/ my
opinion on this great /^uent ion, vrithoiit the
leaft h/>flilily to yourself personally. /
;du)uld not hesitate lo repent to you all thai
I haze s'li'L on your subject, if a proper
occasion offered, and :chat is more, I should
expect your approbation.^'' In this Gen.
.lackson finds opprobrium, insolence, but-
li/ing, heiioring, assassimilion, slandering,
intermeddling, pimping, and much more
that proves Gen. Scott ignorant of the
ob/irrations of honour, destitute of the
ch'iraettrislics of a soldier and a gentle-
man, and too contemptible to have converse
xeith."

Certainly, no gentleman, of a well
reculated and disciplined iniiid. would
irdulccin th? use of terms like these-

GEXERAL JACKSON'S VIOLENCE.

167

towards a man of character and stand-
ing, no matter how improperly he had
been treated by liim. Tiie) are terms
wliich disgrace a genthmaii, in utter-
ing them, rather tiian liim upon whom
they are cast. If they have recently
obtained a passport into good compa
ny, tbe General may well claim t'le
credit of introducing them. Before

combat, by a sense of rehgion. But lest
Ihi* motive should excite the ridicule oi'
geull«men ot libetul hiihils of thinking
.ind acting, I beg leave to adtl. tbiit 1 de-
cline ihe honour of your invitation from
patriotic scrui/tes. My ambition is not
that of Eio'lraius. I should think it
would be easy for you to console yourself
under this refusal, by the application of a
few epithets, as coward, 4ic., to tbe objecf

his adoption and use of them gave tlienl of your resentment; and here 1 promise
sanction, they found little countenance to leave you until Ihe next war, to per-
among men of honour and decency, suade yourself of their truth
anv where. Your famous order bears Hate the 22d

The reader cannot but perceive April. 1817. At intervalsof three or four
what was the real nature and extent of', months thereafter,- that is, when it had

General Scott's olTence. He had dared
to question tlie correctness and propri-
ety of a public act of General .Jack-
son. This aroused the General's in-
dignation, which vented itself m the
unseemly reproaches, which hi-= letter
contains. May not the inquiry well be

been officially published to the troops of
your division, and printed in almost every
paper of the l^iiion. — as if to challenge
discussion, — I found myself m company
where it was the subject of conversation.
Not being under your command, I «vas
free to give my opinion on that public act,
a- any one else. For I presume you wdl

made, whether he, who is so impatient 1 p^t assert, that vvhere aooOjceris not ex
under a respectful scrutiny and censure I pres^iy restrained by (he military code,

of his public conduct, and who resents
them with so much bitter virulcice, is
a suitable person to be trusted with
high authority, in any government? It
is assuredly an inquiry which well de-
'serves consideration.

he has not all the rights of any other citi-
zen. For this fair expression of opinion,
on a principle as universal as the profes-
sion of arms, — and which opinion I, after-
wards, at your instance, stated to you. in
all its detail. — you are pleased to charge

The object of this article is not to >"« with having slandered you behind your
vindicate Gen. Scott, but to exhibit i ^"^'^'-'-^^ accusation which I consuier
_ -, , . II • V . u i the more amusing, as I never had the hon-

Gen..Tackson,ashereallyis \ et, hav- j ^_. ^,. -^ -^^^^ „r«c«ce.' in all ray

ing pubhshed Gen. JacKSon s letter ol |,i(-g, , ^^^ .^^^^^^ ^f^^^ Sir, that nothing
outrage and insait, it seems due to Gen. I j,y, „,y ^^^^1 respect (or your superior
Scott to accompany it with his reply. ; j,gg .^„(j services, prevents me fiom in-
Tiiis may be the more acceptable to ! dulging, also, in a little bitter pleasantry
our readers, as very likely many of on this point.

them have never had an opportunity to i It seems that you are under the further
peruse it. The spirit of moderation i impression, that if you had been brought
and dignity that pervades it, stands in ; to tri;il for publishing that order— (an idea
happy contrast, with the very difTercnt , <hat I never heard any other suggest) and
temper impressed, upon that of Gen. I ' ^PP"'"'ed one ot your judges, that, .-is-

Jackson. It is here inserted. I f ^- '" '''^«- ' ^''""J'' h;^ve approached the

holv sanctuiry ol Ju^tlce, 6:c. Such is, I

GEN. SCOTT TO GKN. JACKSON. thitik, your language. Now, like you,

H. Q. \slandZd Mililan/ Departments, ! without believing one word of it, it would

New York. January 2d, 1813. i ''^ »« <"''«)' f""" '"«' Qwnually. to retort all

c,R _Your letter of the 3<\ ultimo, was \ 'his abuse, as it was for you to originate it.

banded to me :ibou; the 'V2<1. and has not But 1 mn«t inform you, Sir, that however

been re.ad.— I might almost say. thought '^wh I may desire to emulate certain por-

of. since. These "circumM;uicns"tt ill show j tiof'^'f your history. 1 am rot at all in-

that if is my wish to reply to vou dispas- clined to follow the pernicious example

iionately

I regret that I cannot accept the chal
lenge youolTcrme. Perhaps I maybe

that your letter furnishes.

You complain of harshness on my part.
My letter, to which yours is a reply.'

restrained from wishing to level a pistol {loubtles=, somewhat bold in its character,
it the breast of a fellon being, in private i but. believing that iu an affair with yo"

l&A

GTEVt^AL JACKSON'S VfOLRNCE.

it WHS only necpr-sary to hive riphi <>ti
one% side, in order to obtain aiiprobalioT-
I had no other care in its comj">!'ition, tli;.-
to avoid every thing, personally offensive
85 far .li the truth, nn't :i fnir i\ scu^mou
of the ?ut'ject wmuUI [lermit; and I 6lill
re?l j)erf'ii!i led. that the /acf corresponds
with niy intention. It i? true. lh:it I «poke
of you. and treated you. as a man. «ilh-

F.diior of the Kcnturky Rtporter,
vhich was soon exierded to General
\dair, and continued, through the
ummpi of that year. This controver-
sy related to his censure of llic Ken-
tucky troop?, at New Orleans, i>iid
oripinatcd about a matter, with wl.ich
Gen. Jackson had been for some time

cm (he petty qualittrations^rcommon ^^^^'l "'■'l"'''''ted. but which he did not
opuge: l.ccause in adlressin? you. they jtl'ink proper to stir, until that time,
were then cnn-idered as so many rliminu-j In conducting this coi.troversy, he
tives; hut 1 am now to apirehend that indulged in great virulence of lan-
univer«al success and applause have some- guage. towards his opponents, and es-
vkbat spoil.'d you; and that I shall ult<- pecially towards Gen. Adair. The

mately be oblieed to fall into the comnmn
place habil, u^ed in respect to common
place people, and consiiier you as nothing
more than u gentleman.

Permit me lo request, — I think I have
a ri'^ht to demand, — a sight of the orii^nal
anonymous letter which has given rise
to this discussion. If I mistake not. your

following is given as a specimen. It is
take!) from a letter of Gen. Jackson,
dated July '33, 1817.

'•1 amaslonislied at your impudaice,
lo talk of fightii!g battle- over again. —
You well know. Sir, that your misrep-
rrsentoliou'- and fulsrhoodf, combiM<'d

correspondent is a greater perso, age than! with those of your colleague and i.ic
you, perhaps, imagine— nay so high, thai ' editors of a new-paper, have been dis-
he has once essayed to set himself above { turbing the public mind, by eiideavor-
the highest in our political sphere Tht- ing to cast a stigma on the well carr.ed
letter shall be returned as soon as the hand i fame of brave and meritorious officers,
is compared with that of a certain agent ;,nd seeking to convince the world, that
of the|iersoiiage alluded to. | men are heroes, who ingloriou-ly tied

I cannot close this letter ivilhouf ex- 1 l„.fure the enemv."
prc-ing a belief, that on the return ofj ^,^j. j^ .^ ^^\ ^ ,^ ^,. „,^, ^^^_
your wonted magnanimity I shall be re- ^ ^^ j^^jj j^^. ^.^^^^ Jackson to a dis-
quesled to burn the one that has e ic.led , ^ - ^ citizen, who felt

it, by way ol apolopy for the inpiry i! does i .,*".. ^ ^ , » . . . ,

me. .accordingly, it has been soon, as yet. > '! !'•* duty not to acquiesce ... .mputa-
bv but one individual (of my Stan.) and he t'on*' ^'^•I'lch he deemed unjiist, liut
Lebi in reserve.until a certain time has ! which Gener.il Jack.son iiisisied to ias-
elapsed— attending that just expectation. I ten upon the Kentucky militia. Its

In the mean time. I shall have i.'ie honour
to re.mainjSir,

Very respectfuly,

Vour most obedient servant. '
[Signed] W. .SrOTT.
To Miij. Gcii. .\. Juckson,

mpropriety, indeed to speak in plain
terms, its vulgarity and i.isolence, must
be manifest to every one.

The wide scope given by Gen. Jack-
son to his inasciblc feelings, and his
propensity to indulge in coarse abuse,

I have already remarked , that the! duiing the summer of 1817. docs not
commencement of the pre-idency o(1 -eem to have allectcd his standing \\ith
ilr. Monroe seemed to .cmove from j Piesidenl .Monroe. In the spring ol
Jackson every thing like re- 1 1818, he was engnired in conducting

Oen

8train(,u')on the .latunil impulse and the Seminole War. Here he indulged

. '. ', . .1 ,• 1 ■ 1- • ■ _ ..• 1 1:.._ *„ U! ir I...

W.y.', indulged violence of hi.s disposi-
tion. I do not deduce this inference
.^om the circumstances of his conduct,

in a violence peculiar to hiinsell. He
gave full scope to his appetite for
Hload and carnngr,'" by hanging cap-

tov^'ards the Secretary of War and ' tive I.idians,a.id by putting white men,
fSen. Scott. It was in April, 1317, seized as pri;oi:cri of war. to death,
rliat l.i' commciced hostiliiies against ; upon grounds, a'ike unknown to muni-
the w.ir department, lh:it led to hi> cipal or to national law. He took into
\varfaie with Gen. Scott, h. March,! his hands all the powers of Govern-
;'£!7,hebe;iap a C''''''"'^'''r-v •'■•i;-! •'■'-'"'<•"•■ v.-irc! •■vnv ur-H- Son^fi. and

GENEKAL JACKSON'S VIOLENCE.

ICO

seized her forts and territory. The
Government disavowed liis acts, and
restored to Spain all that Jackson had
wn-jted from hor. But Jaclvson him-
self was permitted to escape rebuke.
Whilst engaged in this war of his own
making, General Jack-^on found occa-
sion to" indulge his temper upon Gov.
Rabun. But, as this was fully exposed
in the last number of the Expositor, it
is unnecessary to repeat it hers.

In 1819, the conduct of General
Jackson, in the Seminole war, became
a subject of discussion in Congress. He
visited Washington, and distinguished
himself by the violence of his demean-, : i. j„ ^„

1 1- /• 1- \ • J „,„,; «:«.,o the vear 1819. My aidsde-camp were

or. and the fury of his denunciations _ -^ , /- n j r^ . ■ r^ . ' rr.L
ui, anu nil lui^ ".'.'. ... General Call and Captain Easter. The

slandered you — and Commodore Decatur
staled that you should not enter the Senate
door unless over kis dead body In a short
lime you agreed to desist fiom your pur-
pose, &c

Be so obliging as to furnish an answer
as early as convenient.

Your?, respectfully,
FELIX GKUNDY,

Gen. Andrew Jackson."

"JVashville Inn, Aov. \5lh, 18B7.
De\r Sir: — Your letter of this day has
been received, and i hasten to answer it.
The statement to whidi you allude is
wholly destitute of truth. I was not in
the Senate Chamber or anti-chamber, in

against those who had the boldness to
censure him. It was at this time
that he was accused of forming the de-
sign of attacking a senator in Congress,
in the Capitol, and of attempting to
carry that design into effect. This
subject was noticed in the first number
of the Expositor. But it is i ecessary
to notice it here more particularly.

The accusation made last summer
against Gen. Jackson, that he had
placed himself in the anti-chamber of

former is still living, and will satisfy any
person who will inquire of him, that the
statement is untrue As to Commodore
Decatur and myself having such a con-
versation as is stated to have taken place
in the anti-chamber of the Senate, we
never had such a conversation there or
elsewhere. Commodore Decatur and
myseU were friendly at all times, and no
harsh or unkind expression ever passed
from one to the other. So far from my
visiting the Senate Chamber, 1 was invited
to do so by several of the members of

the Senate for the purpose of attacking ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^,j„^,, j^, ^^^ ^^^ ^^

a Senator, was deemed by his fnends | ^^ j ^^ ^^^^^^^ ,g^ ^y conduct.
and himself, deserving of reply and re-
futation from him. This was brought
about by means of a letter from Mr.
Grundy. That, and the General's re-
ply arc here inserted.

".^"as/iI•^7/e, Aoi>. i5lh, 1827.

"Deah Sir,— On this day I received a
letter from a frien<i of mine in Richmond.
(Va.) requesting me to ascertain from
you. whether there is any foundation in
truth, in certain statements circulated in
that section of the country, respecting a
conversation alleged to have taken place

between Commodore Decatur and your | not assert that no such thing took place,
self, in the anti-chamber of the Senate, in at any time or place. He says, nolh-

iigned my

1 am, very respectfully.

Your most obedient servant,
ANDt;EVV JACKSON.
The Hon. F. Grx^ndy. Esq "

It will be seen that the allegations
and answer, are confined to the place,
and manner, and not the substance of
the charge. No question is asked
whether the General, at any time or
place, or in any manner placed hint-
self with the intention of assaulting a
Senator, from which, he w-as dissuaded
by Com. Decatur. The General does

the year 1319. I understand the charge,
as made against you, is — That on the last
night of the session, you, accompanied by
your tivo aids de-camp, went to the anti-
chamber of the Senate, and ivhile there.
Commodore DecUur came up to you and
enquired, whether you came there for

ing of the kind took place in the Senate
cliaml)er, or anti-chamber, that no such
conversation as was stated took place
i between the General aid Com. Deca-
tur. Their conversation, here negativ-
ed, is thus staled:

the purpose of chastising Mr. Eppes, &c.? 1

"Com. Decatur came up to yoti
To which'you ;epT,edafliVma7i;'elv'; and ' and enquired whether you came there
after some further remarks, y-u declared ; for the purpose of cha.stizirg Mr.
your determination to chastise Mr. Eppes I Eppes, tc? To which you replied
in the '^emio r\nu>hcr. wberr he bad atiirmativelv. ^id alter some f«rlhcr

I'.O

GESEUAL JACKSON'S VIOLEXCE.

remarks yoa declared your determina-
tion to chastise Mr. Eppes iti the Sen-,
ate chaml>er, where he had sla'idired
you, and Com. D'catur slated, thati
you sliould not enter tUe Senate door.i
unless over hi.- dead body." ]

Gen, J.ickson's negative is very
carcf.iUv confined to this conversation,
and the place of assault designated in
it. Trulii may sustain him in thi< de-
nial and yet the subtance of the
charge against him exist as a fact.
That the Getieral was loud and ve-
hement in his threats, at taverns and
ball rooms in Washington, has never
been denied; and that he took a stand
in sonic part of the capitol for the pur-
pose of assaulting a Senator, is confi-
dently bfli'.-vcd, by most of those who
Were a< Washington at the time, and
co:;versant with the circumstances.
Gen. JacljsoM will not venture to deny
that iie formed the determinafioti of
attacking a Senator in the capitol, that
he made his arrangemenis to do so, and
took his staiid accordingly ; that a friend,
apprised of his object, applied to Com.
Decatur, who was with his lady in the
Senate chamber, to intcrlere: that
Com. Decatur left his lady in the
Se .ate Chamlier, and by the most
urgent persuasion, not by threats or
rudfuess, did intiuerce tlie Ge-ieial 'o
desist. 1 say tliat Gen. Jackson will
not deny the substance of the transac-
tion liere narrated. Ho cannot but
ki.ovv that Com. D-catur commuriicat-
ed the facts to Mr. Monroe, in the hear-
ing of more than one person, who is
now alive. He must k -ow that tliev
arc familiar lo the recolle-tion of Mrs.
D •calur. 1 speak not of tlie minutije,
b 'tof the general facts, which 1 believe
to !ie incontrovrlible. This was in
1D19, when t!ie Geiteral was so lucky
as to escape the censure of Congress,
bv the etl'orts of most iiiduslrinus
fiends. He returned home, and «e
do not ag\in hear of him as engaged
in ar)y new violence, until about two
ye.irs afterwards, when acting as Gov-
ernor ol Florida; for such was the de-
votion of Mr. Monroe to Gen. Jackson,
that he conti'-ued lo wink at all his
violences, a'ul confer public eniplov-
menls npon him.

Jn ICOl.lhcanny w,-'- ^'^ hv reduc-

ed tliat no command remained for Gen.
Jackson, and he was let down from his
command, by the appointment of Gov.
of Florida, hi the discharge of tliis
office he gave a wide range of indul-
gence to his native violence and iin-
petuositv of character.

Before the possession of the Terri-
tory w ii.- received from the Spanisii au-
thorities, a good portion of angry feel-
ing was excited between the General
and the Spanish officers. Afier the
delivery. the General was easily stimu-
lated to acts of violence. One ol the
parties to an old controversy about
the est itc of a deceased person, con-
trived (o enlist Gen. Jacksun in the
cause. He took sides, in the true
spirit of a partizan, and under the
persuasion that he was administering
[justice, in the character of a Judge,
perpetrated one of the most unheard
of enormities. I say nothing as to the
real justice of the case, about which, a
good deal may be said. But admit-
jting that the General espoused the
right side of the cause, his proceedings
1 were wholly unjustifiable. He seized
I by a queer mixture of civil and milita-
[rv power, upon the person of the late
I Spanish Governor, and upon the
i person of others, and impri>oiied them.
, Judge Fronientin issued a habea>
corpus, a process at which the Gen-
eral seems to be instantly transported
into furious wrath. Instead of regard-
jing it. Gen. Jackson sent a process
'citing Fromcntin before him. Upon
I his appearance an accommodation took
I pi ice, and Fromcntin was pennilted to
.retain his libert\. Jackson proclaim-
ed that Fromcntin had apologized,
this Fromentin denied, when followed
a scene of recriminations little credita-
ble to either. Botli addressed them-
selves to the Secretary of State. The

! following are extracts from Jackson"*
|ow!i letters. The reader is requested
I to read them with particular attention.

" The lime when llii- interference was nrnli-

I r< n lers his cunduet still more n'prt-heiHible;

f heiliil kiimv tliiit upmisiiion bv lurcc hiij been

! threalcnoil liy C:i'lnva ;im) liis Spanish olTiei r?,

to my nuthorily, aiiliil, a* tlie.v Im.l a rinht ti.

Itt'Iieve, by *onie of ni}' oJlicer>. Tiii* as you

will iliscovcr, I put iloivn, as itonirhl to Ic>m

been; ami the lecture I cave t!ii' Jmliie w , i

he c'lme betun* nic, will, I trust, tor tin- i .

cause liini to obey llicsi'irit of liis comnr.-:. i

GENERAL JACKSON'S VIOLENCE.

iVi

aid in the execution of thp liiws and ndministra
tion ot the government, inslciiil ot;ittcnii)ling
to oppose me, under Spiinisli inllmncu."

''Judsc Froiucntm wits represented to he no
lawvcr,'bnt lavorably spoken of as a man ol
literature; hut I could not have l..rmed such
an idea of his want of legal knowledge, as this
transaction. lisplajs. I am, therefore, more in-
clined to ascribe bis conduct to weakness, than
any other cause."

" Cclonel t allava's powers havint;
here with the surrcndi r of the country, it was
a display, and so considered by iiie, ol
in hiselaim-

• of one 6electe<J

ceased

only

let-
the
26,

pompous arrogance and isnoranco.
ingthcprivileue of diplomacy, which, m tact,
he never possessed, his powers having: ceased, his
commission accomplished, the pretension which
hesetupwas an insult to the weakest under-
standing."

The above are extracts from a
ter written by Gen. Jackson to
Sccrctaiy of state, dated Aug ist
1821. They are quite polite and gentle
mai.ly in comparison witli tliose whicl

follow.

"Thiscxpose furnishes a satislactory view of
Ihe whole cround in dispute, and incontestihly
proves that Judge Fromeiitin has hren guilty ol
wilfully and wickedly fabricating Ihe most
palpable falseh.io is. The evidcm;e of such un-
blushing depravity and corruption shuuld be
placed in the possession ol the President, and. in
strict justice, deserves to he exposed to tlie exe-
cration of the whole American people. When
an officer of such high responsibility, under the
yederal Governnicnt manifests eiK'h ha-eness
and obliquity of heart, it ought to excite our
.-ilarm, ami stimulate the proper authonty to
nnply the most speedy and efficient remedy."

"This coui-ie of proceeding may very well
"omport with the corrupt and in.iuisitorial sys-
tem of former Spanish t»hunals, but ti.ey are
clearly and palpably unju-t^nd merit the un-
qualified reprobation of every honest and intel-
ligent American. I can assure you that so far
as 1 have been enabled to collect an expression
of public sentiiuent relative to Ihe conduct of
.1 udge Fromeiitin, it has r vi<lcntly rendered him
o odious and contemptible, that his name is j
inly mentioned in genteel circles, to be depre-
cated and de=pised. It is considered so flagrant
and ilajitious a departure fronijustice and pro-
priety,"as seriously to impair bis stiindiny, and
rathe"r to produee'disaffection, than inspire re-
spect and confidence in the American authori.-
liesin Tlorida.

"Situated as Judge Fromcntin was I did not
.Tiiticipate that he would have had the hardi-
hood and temerity to revive this transaction, |
and make it a subject of public investigation.
Good spnse as well as the best policy, would .
certainly have dictated a very ditTerent proce-
dure. After his concession ami open acknowl-
edgements that he had acted hastily and with-
out a due consideration of the case, i I would
not have been expecleil that the most abandon-
ed and proilijate would have denied Ihe facts,
particuhirly "when those declarations were
made in the presence of several gentlemen of
the most unimpeachable integrity. The man
who could thus prostitute his signature, for
theprnpo^ation of such jlarinc; and barefaced

incompatible with the character „ -- ,

(o administer the laws as Judge of the Unite"
States. Elevated as he was, 1 had hoped that
I should meet with a manly feeling and lofty in-
tegrity corresponding with his honorable sta-
tion, but 1 sincertlv regret to say, Ibiit he has
displaced a want "of honesty and candor only
bccuniing an apostate r-nest, and which is
enough to suffuse the dieek of depravity itscll
with a blush."

These arc extracts from a letter of
Gen. .Jackson's to the Secretary of
State, dated at Nashville, Nov. 3, 1821.
not propose to comment upon
the tone or the expressions,
they must all he to
every reflecting mii d. It should be
rememliered too, thatthey were employ-
ed long after the events had transpired,
and when the General had left entirely
the scene of action, and had enjoyed
an opportunity to become calm.

Whilst performing the othc.e of Gov-
ernor, in Florida, Gen. Jackson acted
solely in a civil capacity. He had no
foreign enemy to contend with. Yet
he enihroHed himself with every one
subservient to his will.

1 do

eillier

How unseemly

who was not

He organized courts unknown to any
law, assumed to himself the most un-
limited judicial functions impri.-;oned
Spanish 'officers, insulted the United
States Judge, and finally transported
a number of Spanish officers from the
country. Judge Fromcntin, wriling
upon tiie spot to the Secretary of State,
Sept. 21st, 1821, thus describes the
state of things:

"The portion of the army here, is under the
orders of General Jackson. The posse commi-
tatus would be inefficient. If my life was iho
only sacrif ce to he risked, the law should be
obeyed. But, under our government of laws
and fre^-dom. the most revolting system ot lO
quisition prevails, and I am compelled to desire
as preferable to what exists here now, evcij^thc
despotism of Algiers, Tunis, or Morrocco

ro.^rl.nes with the uiost outraf;eoi.o

lace

place re-echoes with the most outrageous and
impious vocilerations, and that toolrora a pi
called the bench of Justice, against (very body
who will dare to question the su|)remacy ol the
Governor. 1 am credibly iuformed that com-
missions have been, or ar to be, sent to New-
Orleans, in order to find out by depositions
there, the name of the writers here, whose de-
scription of the scenes which have taken place
at Vensacoia docs not exactly tally with the
account given by the General and his friends
1 write t;> you with a rope round my neck, 1
can afford protcctioo to nobody here, much less
to myself."

Surely, the man, who acting in a
subordinate capacity, adventures to

"S^m/^r d"^:ur^:f:::':;:'iXt:^ 'produce such a eondii^

i'r2

GENERAL JACKSON'S VIOLE.VCE.

here exposed, must possess noordinar> | C'tv and marched apUnst the enemy, on the

share of ungovernable violence, and • "If^' ?' "j^ "^"^ "' Decembrr, 18I4, I wa-
conmnplfor pul.lic ooinion. I,, th. I^'^!* '^.iTrJ!.l?.'i™>: '^'•'i '" -"-»-"'.

contempt for puMic opinion
latter he was well sustained

In the having no otbt-r conCcicntial officer tha"l"coMld

- -. Various be spared from command. A f. w dajs after,

attempts were made in Conirre". h, r^'"'-. ^^"P«',"'."" per^"". ijppl'fd to m> Aid to

tlie «p««inn nf iROi i Qoo . I ■ "e informeii what would be my conduct if ilriv-

thi ,f, r^t f A ' ' J""^ "^' ■ '-" ^'"■" ."> ""•'^ °f •J'-'^""' «"'' compelled to

miySUDject lor discussion and investi- , "trtal through .\ew-Or)ean?— whether I wouiJ
gallon, but it was smothered. Gen l ''*'"' ''"-'-"FP'"* '"''the enemy or deUrov tin m»

Jackson wasa ntvorite with the cabinet. ! t^^J^ ^ Z ^^ll'hir:^,^ 'I^ t^ 'l;:;
At least ne was so tar a favorite with "'•^''t'on was to destroy them, th.y mi^ht
the President, that Mr. Adams was re- ^J^H 'f^. "'"^ "'.'' ?-n'--n_!y. Obtaining "no

^^*V^^*^'' ''■'"" "uy Aid, a Committee of three
waited up.in me for fati.-laction on this subject.
I u them I replied. " if I thouirlit the hnir oV my

qui.ed to exert his high talents in

vindicating all his enormities. As ■ "'"em ' replied, "if i thouirht the hnir o"i my

Secretary of State, this was a duty !'!f''!55"="">> 'houirhis,! woul.lcutitoffii.urD

w.^chM,-. Ad.ms could notdeciini;|;!,;;;^;^r".:::;i;:;'.^rri:l;f^j::;:!,;t;^

a.id It is now urged against him. tliat "»te as to be driven from the lines I then occu-
he approved ail that he thus vindicated, i ?,";''' a°'' com;,elicd to retreat through .New

It is hideed douhta.1, whether an, ?&:S'-^.;°t^:;-^ -™ -— ;:;^^

thing but the elTorts of Mr. Adams, ""til the evenins of the 8.h of January wheu

saved Gen. Jackson from being over- "' "''■-•■"• -" ' ' - ' •

whelmed by public detestation. Gen.
Jackson reward^ him by atitempts to
bla^t his character, and destroy his
standing with the people!

There is another and a more recent
act of Gen. Jackson's, so unwarantable
and so unjust, that it is eniitlcd to a
place in this review. In 1824, whilst
a Senator in Congress,Gcn. Jackson was
induced to intermeddle in the appoint-
nv :it of Post Master, at New-Orleans
Col. Croghan, and others were candi-
dates, amongst them Fulwar Skip-
wiTH, Esq., a soldier of the revolution,
and a man of well established charac-
ter. In a letter to the Post Master
General.dated Wajhingtoii. March 22d.
1824, Gen. Jackson made an attack
upon tlie character of Mr. Skipwith, in
the following manner:

"It has been stated to me that Mr. Fulivar
Skijuviih IS an applicant for that office. If'^o,
I loci It a duty to make kiMwn his conduct du-
ring the assault on Now-Orleans by the British '
army in the late war.

31r. .-^kipivith ro 'e down to consratnlate me on
the event, iroai the foregoins"you can jud^e
how much he merits the bounty oi his Gdvern-
uienl, to the cxclu-ion oitho'se >vho have real
claims for imjwirtant seriices niidend "

Gen Jackson well knew that the
charges here made against Mr. Skip-
with were unjust. A full investigation
of ihe whole matter took place at'^ew-
Orleans, at the very moment the charge
was made. A < ommittce of the Legis-
lature examined into it, traced it to'its
-■urce, and demonstrat.-d that it had
originated partly in malite, partly in
misapprehension, and partly in precipi-
tancy. I do n^t ?pcak of the spccifit.
charge against .Mr. ."^kipwith, but oftht
general one includii g the whole legis-
l.iture. Of that against .Mr. Skipwith
no proof was ever adduced, and he has
repelled it by a strong and indignant
denial.

The complaint that Mr. Skipwith
would not adjourn or prorogue the
Legi.-lature, is evidence how't'xceed-
ingly ignorant Gen. Jackson is of the

consequence thereof, received mine. Krom hi« 1'^"^^"^ prorogue 0rad)0urn the Leg-
situation I expected much aid from him: you | '"'hiture is vested in tlie Speaker of

^^?^5^!^??^'^^^"^'^tl : :J:1^ '^••^"^''' '" ^--'- - -3 other

.... , o, - - ...... ..v.11.111 ueieiice

til the coniilry, in the then trying crisis, he was
found wilh those who were enirajied in para-
lysing my defence, lie would neiiiierproroeue
the Aspembly noradiourn it to Haton Roi;ue,
and when Ihe minority abandoned Ihe .A-^em-
bly, and tendered their services as voluu-
terrs, at my line of defence, .Mr. Skipwith re-

The interference of Gen. Jackson,
a Senator in Congress from Tennessee,
and a candidate for President, in the
appointment of Post Master at New-
Orleans, in Louisiana, manifested none
nance, which

.uaim.d wiih those wh7 w^re chj i^ " vUh o ' 1 b / r , f ,

th. d,.M,n to.Miver (he city to. ami make" V ^chcate forbc

terms Wilh (he enemy. One part of his con- "".-'"t to mark the conduct of a -ivai

'ttK^tit ,s necessary to dctaU. WhcD 1 idt the ' mail. An unlo-jjided attack upon the

GENERAL JACKSON'S VIOLENCE.

IXi

private reputation of a candidate for -ed with imputations of the coarsest and
the office, whom he did not favor, most odious ciiaractcr. and is taunting-
evinced a disregard of propriety and jl) detied to mortal coml)at.
violence of enmity which ought to Gen, Adair questions the correctness
discredit any man. Gen. Jackson, in of charges urged by Gen. Jackson
iiis extraordinary letter, written last against the Kentucky Militia. He is

July to Mr. Owens, observes correctly

" As a public or private man, speaking of
transactions which concern the reputation and
character of others, evert/ manly fteling should
remind him that he oujrht to be guided by estab-
lished fads, not by the hearsay of a party.''

How widely he departed from this
i-ule, in the case of Mr. Skipwith, every
reader can perceive at a glance.

This covert attack upon the charac-
ter of Mr. Skipwith, shows conclusive-
ly how inveterate and enduring are
file enmities of Gen, Jackson. He

catechised for his '■'impudence and futsc-
hood,'' in terms, only proper from a
master to his slave.

Mr. Eppes in the discharge of his du-
ty as a Senator, censures in respectful
and moderate terms, some very extra-
ordinary transactions on the part of
Gen. Jackson, and he is made the sub-
ject of degrading epithets, and of vio-
lent threats, nay, even personal injury
is meditated against him.

Judge Fromentin, in the exercise of

ground for doing so. The nif^mbers
lepelled his charges, and >j,ave to the
General explicit evidence that they
were not afraid to express their resent-
ment of the injury. A spirit of ran-
cour was Uuis excited in tlie bosom of
the General towards the members.
He wreaked his vengeance, in pari, on
Loiiaillier, but it still rankled in his
mind, and, at the distance of nine years,
he atiain jioured it out upon Mr. Skip-
witlK in all the distortions of disingenu-
ous misrepresentation, if not of direct
falsehood. Were General Jackson as
much slandered now, as his supporters
allege, it would be but a visitation upon
him, of his own injustice to others.

When a dispassionate view is taken
of the instances of outrage and violence
1 have enumerated, it si^ems to me,
impossible that any reflecting man,
can believe, that the perpetrator ougiit
to he trusted with the executive power
of the nation. In most instances, the
attack has been made upon Gen.
Jackson's equals, and co-ordinate func-
tionaries of the Government. The in-
justice complamed of in all the cases,
was, that the party had presumed to
censure some public act of the General.
General Scott had but publicly de-
clared his disapprobation of an order
issued by Gen. Jackson, which elicited
very general condemnation. He firm-
ly and frankly, bui decently and re-
spectfully, repeated his opinions to

had denounced the ' Legislature of] his judicial functions, issued a W'rit
Louisiana, in 1815, witjbout sufficient

lefore him, lectured and aiscnargea,
and subsequently villified, in a strain of
the most disgusting billingsgate.

Mr. Skipwith had not submitted to
the imputations, that he, with otliev
members oi the Legislature, had enteF>
tained traitorous intentions and con-
tempi. itcd r.cting upon them. But he
had joined with his brother members
to repel them, and to expose tiie out-
rages committed by Gen. Jackson, in
closing the doors of the Legislature by
military force.

In none of these cases, is any allow-
ance made for difSirence of opinion,
or any thing conc(>ded on the ground
of ernial right To dilTer from Gen.
Jackson, in respect to any of his public
acts, and express that difference, oi
act upon it, is to be criminal and merit
punishment. And where Gen. Jack-
son can do nothing more, he gives vent
to his violence in impotent, vulgar, and
malicious reproaches. Whether this
proceeds from infirmity of temper, or
perverseness of heart, is matter of lit-
tle importance. It is fraught with
equal mischief to the jiarly, and
threatens equal danger to the country,
should the aggressor be promoted to
high office.

There can be no secmily that Gen.
Jackson may not indulge in the same
outrages, against all who might dare to
thwart bis opinions, in any matter ol
public policy. The bad effect such a

Gen. Jackson. For this he is degrad- ' temper might produce, upon our for-

114

f;ENEn.VL JACKSON'S VIOT.FAtE. — JOHN WOOD.

eign relations, is incalculable. The
mii-'cliicf it would most probably dif-
fuse into our domestic allairs, cannot
be imat;iiied, muili less enumerated.
It is idle to talk of wise counsellors, and
more calm re (lections. Tlie-e, never
yet controuled a man in l;ii,'li autliorily.
wliere they failed to co'rtroni him in
lower stations. Supreme rule inflates,
rather than moderates an intirmmind.
It is more likely to i.icrca-e irritnbility
than patience. Neither i- it the natur-
al tendency of supreme rule to subdue
irrascibility, and indure respect and
deference for the opinions of others.
It* tendencies are directly contrary.
Moderate men are apt to become im-
patient and testy, when clothed with
power; the violence of tiie violent never
fail> to increase, 'i'iie evidence we

adjutant io the most disrespccifui and imubor-
ilinatr laneu.i^e — tlial ill resist. iiico to aa uriicr
•o arre-i liim l"..r this ili$obe<!i"iice and <ti»rc-
'iircl, he Itndbf outfit I his gun to a shooting posi-
tiin, and IkrraU'-tdti kill .i"v lui/i who attimpl-
ed to take Uu gu» or lay liatidi on him.^^

It is well knourn that in (rials, by a Court
Martial, the testimony is all reduced to writing,
and reciirded. Although Parrish copied from
this record, he has not tiven cither the charges
or the te>tiiuijii3' He has. in this, followed the
example of K.aton, and the General's other a-
pido^i'ts. The)' are all afraiii to (rust tlie pub-
lic with the fact- proven against Wood. They
iirefer to rely upon Iheir own ge'icral assertions.
This conduct ought to satisfy every candid
mm that they know the truth cannot bear
the light.

Col. Parrish gives us a copy of the General
Order, issued by Gen. Jackson on the day of
execution, a Idicssed to John Wood, h^ con-
taining a fair exposition of his case. We in-

luive before us, of the conduct of Gen. jsert it, that our readers may judge for tlicm-

Jackson, towards the public me", ,viih
whom he has been brought into coUisiovi,
ou(;ht to convince us, that it would be
tjnwise and unsafe to elect him Presi-
dent. He is not ma>lerof liimself, bow
then tan he be (jualified to rule ad-
vantageous!) over others?

FROM THE ri.NCIN.NATl GAZETTE.

.lOIIX WOOD.

An.ithcr attempt has hern made to gloss over
thei normity of this execution. Col. Joel Par
risli, who has already figured as a witness in the

tves. The General's advocates have been
cireful to publisli only one side of this question.
We have preferred t'l give both. It is the best
posHhle evidence of the desperatn>ii of a cause,

when its supporters are afraid to present it fully
and fairly to the people.

"GE.NF.FIAL ORDER,
"John Wood: — You have bei ii tried hy a
Court Martial, on the charges of ilis ibediencc
of orders, di-res;iect to winr rommaiidiiig olfi-
cer, ami mutiny : and havt-hem fouml guilty of
all of Ihim. The Court which has found you
guilty of these charges, has sentenc«l you to
sulFer death, by sho.itiiig; and this sentence the
Comin^inding General has thought proper, and
even felt himscll bound, to approve, and to or-
der it (o be executed.

" The offences of which you have been Tiund
guilty, arc such as cannot be permitted to pass

lasc, a volunteer witness too, and who was one „npunishe<l io an army, but at the hazard of its
oi 1 he Court that passed the sentence, has made ' ruin. This is the second time you have viola-
a second publication. It is of such a character i ted the duly of a sol.her-the second time yon
,.,,,., . .. ,, , have been giiilly of offences, the punishment ot

as to leave no doubt of the true nature ol t'"" | ,vi,ich is death.

The case is thus stated by I'ar-

" When you had been regularly mu»tcrcd in-
to the service of your country, and werrmarch-
. ed to Head Quartern, umler tlv immediatecom-

transaction.
ish :—

"John Wood having lic<-n once pardoned for ' maud of I3rigadicr General Roberts, you were
the crime of mutiny and desertiou, was fouid I one of those,' who, in violation of your cnga.;e-
guilty on the I Itli of March, 18U, of the char- j nient— of all the principle? of honor, andof
ges "of ilisnbedienre of nrder-, ''isrespect of 1 the order of your commanding General, rose in
'•' " ' mutiny and ih-serteil. Vou were arrested, and

Fiis commanding ollicer, and mutiny," by a
t'ourt consisting ot five officers, citizens of the
fame stale, and members of the same corps to
which he belonged. Tiicse orticirs, ns tlie re-
cord of the proceedings show, were

Capt. 'I'lios. GiiAv, President.

Capt. Jon PAKiusn,

(apt. N \Tii AN Uavis.

l.iriit. Wm. Kix;,

Kn^ign Mnn'i. Hoi.r, —

Mrmhi'Ti of lli€ Court.

Wyi. R 11fs'=, Judge Advocate.
** U was proved by tlie lcs*iiiuiny of \\\> iv\
low soMiers, and by Ihal of two ollicers, thai he
had positi\cly refused to obey aii-order from his

brought back; and, notwithstanding the little

claim you hail to mercy, your General, uuwil-

lin; to inflict the s«'vcrity of the law, and iiillu-

ence<l b> the hope that yon would atone, hy

your future good conduct, for your past error,

thought proper to grant you all a pardon. This

ought to liave produced a salutary iinpre-siiin

I on a mind not lolally dead to every honorable

I sentiment, and not perversely and obstinately

bent on spreailing disorder and confusion in the

army. It, iinfortiinatrly, proiluced no such ini-

I prosslon on jours. But a (rvi weeks after you

I had been brnusfht back, you have been found

ruillv of oll'tiices not Icel ciiajiaal than thoiu

jfOlIN WOOD.

11-3

lor whicli you had so rccenlly been pardoned.
aii'l whicli, il'thr liiw liiid been ri;;iilly uiiloiceil,
woulii bave subjected >im to li-.i'li. I'liis e^
viiicts, but too rinnitestly , an iucorrii;iljlc ilis(>o-
siti.m of bearl — a reheiliuus, an obstinate tem-
per of mind, wbicb, as it cannot be leclilieil,
ous;bt nut to be permitted to diffuse ilsinUuence
amongst others.

".in army caniiotexistwhi re order and subor-
diinti.)n are wb'illy di>re£;ard«l— it cannot ex-
ist uitb nauh credit to itieif, or service to Ibe
CO. ntry which employ s it ; but whire tbej are
observed with the most punctilious exactness.
Tee disobedience of orders and the contempt ot
olEcers speedily lead to a state of disnisj.iniza
tion and ruin ; and mutiny wiiicb includes t lie
others, aima still more iinmtdtateU at clieilisso-
luuon of an army — ol all these olfciices you
have been twice trailty, ami have once been
pardoned. Your General must forj^et what he
owes to the service he is ensraged in, and to the
country which employs him, if by pardouiusj
yon again, he should furnish au example to
sanction measures which would bring ruin on
the army he commands. This is an imfiortant
crisis, in which if we all act as becomes us, eve-
ry thing is to be hoped lor towards the accom-
plishment of the objects of ours; vernment, — if
otherwise, every thing is to e feared. How it
becomes us to act, we all know, and what our
punishment shall be, if we act otherwise, must
be known also. The law which points nut the
one prescribes the other. Between that law,
and its offender, the commanding General
ou^bt not to be expected to iuter;<ose, and will
not where there are no circumstances of allevi-
ation. There appear to be none such in your
case; and however as a man he may deplore
your unhappy situation, he cannot, as an otE-
cer, without int'rinsing his duty, arrest the sen-
tence of the Court .Manial."

ANDREW J.\CKSON,
Major Guieral

Fnrt Slrotlifr, \4lh March, 1«14.
(Signed) JOKL PARRIiH, Jr. Sec'y.

This order furnishes itueh matter for serious
reflection and remark. In the first olacc, it
makes an ungenerous and unjust accusation a-
gainst Wood. Tie is charged with a previous
oflencc, the commission of mutiny and deser-
tion. The particulars of this oficnce are enu-
merated. They consist of a desertion from
head quarters, when under the command of
Gen. Roberts. This transaction is narrated by
major Caloii. Let the facts as stated by him
speak for themselves :

tion ot which time ho would discharge theoi. —
N.itwitbstandihg this assurance, with which he
was instructed to make them fully acipiainted,
for some niikiiown cau-e, they suddenly formed
the lU teriuinutiiin to ahan<k>ii their en!.ai;e-
meuts and return home, without gaining even a
sight of the camp. To ilie iuiM;onduct of their
general wasitjiistlv to be attributed. By halt-
ing them in the neighbourhood, until he could
go to lie. id ijuirtersand '^ make terms" fur tlieir
accejitaiue, lie had iiii[.'ressed them with the be-
lief that Ibeir obligations as yet extended only
to himself; from which ho prouii^ed to absolve
tluim, if the terms he should be able to make,
should be less favorable than they ixpcetcil. —
And even after General Jackson had assented
to all that was or could bea'ked in their behalf,
ind that assent had bctai reduced to writing,
Roberts, either from not understanding what
was done, or from a oesire to injure the service,
hasteJied back to his men, — informed tb. lu
that he had been unable to eli'ect an accomplish-
ment of their obji-ct — seriously lamented hav-
ing iii'liiceJ them frum their liome.s, and conclu-
ded b\ gravely remarking, that he freely exon-
erated them from all the obligations they were
under to him. They, just as gravely concluiled
they would go no further; and, turning about,
they commenced their return home T'le affair,
however, was soon presented ver} ditlerently to
his uii.id. The careless indifference with which
he had at IJrst treated it had subsided; and his
tears took the alarm on receiving from general
Jackson, an order to parade immediately be-
fore the fort the men he had repo-'ed to have
brought into the field. He came forward, now,
to excuse what h.id hap(>ened, and to solicit
pcriu'Ssioii to go in pursuit of .he refugees, whom
bethought he should be able to bring back. —
Overtaking them, at the distance of twenty
miles, he endeavored, in a very gentle manner,
to sooth their discontents, and prevail on theiu
to return ; but having been discharged, and ab-
solved fully from the ensagemenfs they had at
first entered into, tliey lauibed at the folly of
bis errand. Unabie to effect hi* object, hr- re-
mained with tliem during the night ; and in the
morning set out for camp, and his new recruits
for home. On arriving at head quarters, he as-
cribed his faiUre to the practices of certain offi-
cers, whom he named, and who, he said, had
stirred np a spirit ol iiiutiny and desertion among
the men to such a degree, that all his efforts to
retHin them hati prove*! unavailing. Jack«ori
could not view this incident with the saise care-
lessness and iiidilI\Ten<-e that Roberts did, im-
mediately issued an order, directing him to iiro-
ceed, forthwith, in pursuit of the deserters, and
li:ive tturin apprf-benjed anil brought back. In
f this order, he was commaudeit

I the execution -.

"General Roberts, who had been ordered [to call to his aid any troops in the United State_
back to supply the deficiencies in his brigade, I service within the county of Madison, or in the
returned on the 27th with one hundred and state of Tennessee, and to exert all his power
ninety-one men, mustered for three months.— and authority, as a military officer, within his
Having halted them a few miles in rear of the i own brigade; and in the iv'ent he should not be
camp, he proceeded thither himself, to learn of j able to collect a sulTicient force to march them
the commanding gentr.:!, whether the troops he safely to head-quarters, to confine them injails,
had brought on would be received for the term and make a report theieof, witliont delay. Thi,
thcv had stipulated, inasmuch as they were un- [ order was accompanied with an assurance, tha
willing to advance further until this point wasijiUwIio si

settled. Jackson answered, that although he
greatly preferred they should be engaged for six
months, or during the c;:mpaign, yet he hail no
wish to alter any engagement made with gener-
al Roberti, and would glad ly receive them for the
i'ov;.i 1 Ihrv !,a'l b-,-iTi'mi;s'.ert"I- a< '!:■.• "y- ir.\-

hould return willingly to their iluty,
exceiit those olTicers who had been reported a-
the instigators, would he pardoned. Many oi
the mrn and .several of the officer-, v^ho had
been charged as encouraging the revolt, learn-
ing the nature of the proceedings which wet'
;i'if.iii ti bo enforced against th"'!!- -.-'e-n"'

JOHN WOOU.

heir own accord to canip ; and coururred in as-
cribing Uieir lute miscunduct entirely to their
general. He was afterwards arrested, and upon
this and otiicr charges exJiibited against hiui,
scutciiced by a court-martial to be cash-
iered."

Now let it be remembered that Wood was
but a mere youth, little over eighteen years of
&ge; that in this mutiny and desertion he act-
ed upon the suggeition of Gen. Roberts him-
self, thi't he was ouderno obligation to remain

Now it if clear from the General Order, ihit
Wood deserted with many others, and was
brought back as stated by major Eaton. It if
clear that he was never tried, and that the par-
don extended to him wa? a general one to all
concerned. So much for this lie.
Miller ?ays again :
■'Gen. Jack -on iffcred Wood his pardon a sec-
ond tune, on cuudition he would serve hi- roun-
tr\ like a true ;ind faithful soldier." — "Alter
many unavailing efforts to persuade Wood to

in service, and the world can judge with what i conform to subordination, pointing out to him
fairness he is accused of previous otfeuce, as an l^^ consequences resulting to the army from
apology for putting him to death, upon a charge l""*" conduct, ami Wood^^still remaining stnb-

k- 1, • . • I . <• .u . 1 . r . 'bornandirrcclaimable, and swearing the Conrt
which it IS evident, from the introduction of

accusation, the General himself felt did not de-
serve that punishment.

When it is remembered that Wood was a ' lie direct No pardon of any kind, or ufjou
mere boy ; when it is known that the charges of any condition, was offered to Wood in the Gen-

iwariial dare not execute thrir sentence, the
General turui'd his horse and rode off."'
To this statement the General order gives the

*' ditobedicnce of orders, disrespect of his comman-
ding officer, and mutiny,^' were all acts of sud-
den impulse, in a controversy with an officer to
whom he did not conceive himself responsible,
and who, no doubt, behaved badly, or the evi-
dence would be published to show the truth,
candid men cannot but wonder that Gen. Jack-
son should gravely assert " there were no circum-
itatKCS of alkvialiun.''^ The circumstances that
are so solemnly enumerated in aggravation, pre
sent no sirch character. The whole case is one
of trivial consequence. Wood was liable to
the letter of the law; but to enforce it was un-
just and cruel. 1 say again, the failure to pub-

eral Order. On the contrary, the General de
termined at once that the sentence should be c.t-
ecuted upon him.

I understand that this captain Miller is a man
not much esteemed for veracity, in geuiTdl mat-
ters, where he is best known. His certificate
was manufactured for him, by some one more
an adept with the pen than himself. It has
been generally circulated in the Jackson pa-
pers. And there is no reason to expect that its
falsehood will ever be acknowledged by those
who have used it. Vet they who thus manufac-
ture and circulate a notoriou- lie, have the con-
fidence to talk about truth', \erily tLc.c are

lish the evidence, is conclusive upon this point. ' queer times, and queer instruments are employ-
Were it of a character to sustain Gen. Jack- edfor queer purposes. Time was, that to detect
son, it would have long since appeared in print. : a man in a naked lie, or a man or partv in fa-

The testimony adduced by the Tennesseean, bricating one, would affect their standing, evcu
that is, the oaths of four witnesses, is thus dis- amongst one another. Now this seems a re<-om-
posed of: i mendation. Those who court Gen. Jackson,

"The misstatements of Dr. Armstrong's wit- i recommend themselves by some such act, and
nesses arc too numerous to be noticed anil tniir I . , n , , . ,,

testimony altog.Khcr too vague and unsubstau- J^'.'''"' gravely about repugnance at investi-
tial to be regarded." " Piling a base act, or being concerneU with an

This kind of contradiction is certainly too 'nfouious m.-in."' Col. Parrjsh, who sland^-rs
general to pass for refutation. In just about i P°°'' ^^°°'^ '° subserve the cause of Gen. Jack-
the same number of words 1 could dispose of '°"' »ho talks about the records of a trial, auLl
Col Parrish's whole article. It is indeed " too ' ""^ testimony of witnesses which he takes can
vague and unsub?tautial to be regarded." i °°' '" publish, holds this language. The uii->

I cannot cloie this article without again pay- worthy wretch who procured the false certii;-
ing my rcsj^ects to captain Milltr, the famous I "^atc of Miller, no doubt would put on tbcsamt
Greene county witness. The General Order, P™'*^'"^'^- -^nd, in the slang nf the party, they

arc all the friends of virtue, of the people, am'
of Gen. Jackson: Like a famous band of an-
cient assassins — ' Ihey are all honorable men"' .'.'

It is stated in some of the Jacksun prints,

here published, shows there was some commix-

turc of truth in his story. Dut it stamps with

indi'liblc falsehood its two principal allcirations.
Miller says :

"John Wood deserted from his post and start- _ _

ed for home. On his way he was met by a ; that Gen. Jackson was appointiVrhy Vv.Vsi.Tng-
cou.panv of men on their march to join the ar- ] ton. Attornev General of the U. States, or ul
my. Wood on seeing them, hurried from tho ' Tcniiessco. "This was never the rase. We have
path and sought concealment in a cane brake.- no reason t.> U-lievc that Wa^hinclon ever
He was taken, however, and brought back to : Jtiifir the "A/<to of (ii-o irorj." It is~ po--«ible
camp, where he was tried lor desertion, found however, that ho might have hoard of the vole
guilty, niK, condcmnc.' to be shot. For this of- ■ which the General 5ave. ngainH returning to
feneehewiupiinUuicdby Gen.Jr.rkson.-' Washington fte Monte »/-<Acnffff>n

THE Rr.PORT OP THE COMMITTEE OF AV.VVS & BIEAlS'S.

m

THE KEPOltT OFTUE

CO!YliarTTTT OF WATS AND

IVIEANS.

Tlie maniresto against the Ameri-
can S)stcni, brought before Congress
by the committee of Ways and Means,
under the title of a " report on the state
of the Finance?," is a doniment whirh
we itchoveto lie inrivalle'l in premises
destitute of truth, and com his^ions en-
tii'elv ninvarranted: — a document in-
buhingtotiie understanding, and paying
Utile respect to the knowh-dge, of its
readers, [ts undisguised object is, to
sacrifice the interests of a vast majori-
ty of the American people, to the
sordid a;id avaricious designs of an
aristocracy, consisting of some of the
soutliern planters, and a small number
of thfe Anglo-American merchants.
The latter class does not include those
merchants tliatare real .•] nierirons, who
havea general interest in tlie prosperity
of the country, hut it consists of yerv
few besides tho-;e who locate them-
selves here, solely with a view to amass
wealth, which they take care to keep
in such a state as to be able, at any
time, to transfer it to any othercou'itiy.

This report like most articles of the
kiiid, is so dry in its details, its mean-
ing so involved, and so ditficult to be un-
derstood by most readers, that it is
very seldom, and but bj- few, examii)ed

men infinitely wiser than themselves,
by the meml)ers of the committee, are
sufiicient to characterise this report as
oi the Ir'jc Jacksoiiian sciiool. desigiied
to promote the election of the military
cliieflain at whatever sacrifice of honor,
of interest, or of our liberties, it may
involve.

The principal blunders of the com-
mittee on this occasion, appear to us
to arise from the datum they have
assumed, that " the selli;rs of grain,
wool."(i.e. the farmers generally,) "and
manufacturers, constitute a minority of
the people in every state in the uiion,
and a very small niinority in the union
at large." An assumption so much the
reverse of the tact, & so well known to
be so, that the impudence of asserting
it is really astounding. The commit-
tee could not possibly be ignorant that
the sellers ol wool, grain, and manufac-
ture*. constitute so great a proportion
in a majority of the states, as to com-
prise nearly all their inhabitants, and
in all, except some of the southern
states, they comprise a vast majority of
llie people. And yet the statement,
above (juoted, is assumed as unquestion-
able, and the weigiit of most of theii;'
arguments (that have any weight) de-
pends upon its correctness.

The opposers of American industry
have devised a number of cant phrases

with such care as to enable them to ! for the purpose of gulling the people,

comprehend exactly to what it tends:
and tlie evil to be apprehei ded from
it, is, that many may look over it curso-
rily, and to avoid the labour of under-
standing it, merely glance at some of
its sophisms and be led astray by them.

It is so "lengthy and tedious" that on
tilt present occasion we shall not have
room to review the whole of it, but
shall endeavour to give an idea of its
rliaracterand tendency, by a notice of
M much of it as our limits will admit.

Ti)c first feelings excited by this
document, arc those of humiliation and
shame, tliat men capable of forming
fuch an instrument, should be fouid
among our statesmen and leaders of
parties. The stupendous falseiiood-
adduced as facts,' the ridiculous in
fercnces, in many instances, and the
outrageous misrepresentations through-
t>iit: with t!ie impudent n.-^sauits upon

airxmg which, that of "taxing the con-
sumers for the benefit of th(; mariufac-
turers," seems to be quite a favorite.
And it is used in such a way as to con-
vey the idea, that the efforts made and
making by the friends of the American
System, are for the exclusive benefit of
the few manufactories already estab-
lished. That men of mature age. and
ordinary understanding, should be
gulled by such cant is extraordinary;
but such appears to be the case, and it
is requisite to inform many members of
the community, that the persons whom
those that are laboring to establish
liie American System propose and ex
pect to benefit, arc not a few individu-
ds, but a large majority of the people
of the United States; all who chuse to
profit in any way, either by establi?h-
ing factories, or oMierwise. by the gen-
eral prosperity wliicb wHj flow frfTw

J78

tifE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEK OF W AVS \ MEA^S.

the increased indu<trv of the nalion. ; commilee that the wealth of a nation
There are indeed, a ft?\v who would, is dimini?!ied precisely in proporiion
derive no henefit from it; men of|as the pricjs of cioihin^ and lo^d
wcnlth, who?e income is derived from! are increased by the artificial means
governnfjcnt stocks, and those living on of Ic^islaiion,"" (p. 13) would he to us
lixed salaries — but this class is Hnall, very astonishing, if we could be as-
nnd it is always more benefitted by the toiiished at any assertion of such a
impoverislitneiit, than the increased committee. That an increased price of
weahh o( the communitN. For in the j the produce of our farmers, who con-
foimer case, their iiuonies, which are stitutc nine-tenths of our citizens,
aJwavs the «ime, will command more should make tlie country poorer, is to'
of (he fruits of the laliours of otheFS, in us in Oiiio, an entirely novel doctrine,
proportion as tiiat labour is discour- and we doubt whether it can be com-
aged; and it appears that tlie s\ mjia- preliended by any but our Jacksonian
thies of the committee arc chicliy ex- menibers of Congress. The wiititisni
cited for tills ckuss of men. while the whith concludes the para^^raph con-
fnmifTF, the manufacUirers. in short all tainingthis profound doctrii^e of politi-
who live hv their own indu*tiy, are to cal economy is worthy of ihe authors of
be tivaied -a^a very small minoritv" those publi.-hed a few yours ;ii,ce, upon
and not worthy of any of the cares of Cologne water, liiicstring dresses and
our Let:i>lat«r'. Thi'V arc, however, decoctions of oak hark, for the use of
the men who are to i)e benefited hv duellists.

the American system, ai:d they are the ' The author of the report, proceeds
same men who arc to be taxed for that to speak of increasing "tlie dilliculty of
hiMHlit, iiitlie same way that a farmer. obtaining bie;rti," with as much self-
taxes him-eif to ciearand impi-ove iiis complacency as if he had been previ-
farm, and to m ike roads to enable him ou-iy stating faels,. and drawing- cor-
to transport his produce to market. i rect inferences. It appeai-s very
"It may," say tiie committee, (p. 11) strange, that any man should be igno-

••be asserted, indeed without any quali-

ant that the evils under
do not

which the

fication, that duties upon foreign country labors, do not .irise from the
merchandize can allord protection to didicurty of oi<((i;t(;i^ bread, wool, &c.,

but iVoni the difficulty of getting any
thins for those ai'ti( les.
1 in (his cil\ during the past year,

tlu" rival pnxluclions of liomestic in-
dustry only i)y prohil)i(ion.&c."' Now
that tliis assertion, unqualified as it is,

isuntrue.rnay be seen bv the lollowingisome hundreds* of slieep have been
quotation, from page 32 of the report. I slaughtered, and their Hesh thrown
''We exported in 182G, domestic cot- away, the skins and (allow constituting
ton mai.ufactures to the amount of all their value. In such a state of
.$1,1 38.1 -'5, and re-exiKirted British things, to be apprehensive of tliedaiiger
mannlactures of the saim kind, to the of raising the price of bread and wool,
amount of ,"s2.'22G.0y0." The object j is too absurd for a serious rejjly.
■of the friends of the American Svstcm, ' "The committee regard it as a clear
is not to exclude, entirelv, loreign | proposition, that the wealth of a nation
fabrics, but to prexml them from ijc/w/- i cannot be increased by enhancing the
i/iif our ^jnimnwifa-lurr!! front 0!<r onvr price of any of its productions, except
miirkiii:; thi? has" l^en done in regard ' tl>e great staples of exportation." This
to our cottons. Our manufacturers of I proposition is indeed, aliout as " clear"'
(his article have been protected, and I a* most of those advanced !)y the com-
al the same time we import large jniiUoe, witii such perlect conlidencc
quantities of cot(on goods, bo(h (or pind apparent .admiration of their own
consumption and exportation; then- -airacity. It is oneof (hemost universal-

by, proving clearly, that dcnit^tit
manutbrtures may l>c prot(!cted by
duties on ("oreign merchaiidize, v ilh-
out prohibition,

'\\ known and establisbed (acts, among

low i( can posMbly "?<:cm to the nuantiiy.

*The writer lias bpcn informuil, ttiut the
wliolo mioibcr 14 about 4IK1<l; he bas not,
hinvcvpr, beeu ab'c to aajcrtniji the prccUr

THE nEPOnr of tick fiOMWITTKE OP WAYS & 5IEANS

119

all classes, learned, or ij;.iorant, tlial the
cau.-cs whicli incrensc the prices of our
products, whether at home or ahioad,
ill periods when such products are
uiiu'idant, arctliose wIiK-h increase ti\e
wealth of the country;* and ;i5 no
poivcr exists in our eountry to raise
prices arbitrarily, we all, i^xcn the
most ignorant, know and feel that when
prices rise, — hi the common mode of
parlance "limes are gettini; better;
and whether that rise is occa>ioned by
a demand for tiie maniifacturiiig towns
in New England, or for any other
country, tiie etlect i-; tlie same,. 7'hose
who hayc lived in Cincinnati from 1819,
to the present time, have had an op-
portunity to obseiTC the etfect of manu-
facturiiiE; industry upon society, which,
altiiotigh n|)on a small scale, is c;dcu-
latcd to give as correct ideas upon the
su'jject, as perhaps any course of expe-
rience whatever The idea advanced
with so much confidence, and maintain-
ed with such pertinacity throughout
this report, and upon whicli so large a
proportion of its deductions are Inised,
viz: ihat wo can iiave no increase of
wealth, except what wc obtain from
foreign commerce, may, perhaps, not be
loo moi:strous and ridiculous for some
pans of the southern states; — we have

committee have said generally, to the
people of the United States.

'•But it is obvious," (says the report)
" that the scheme of the Secretary of
the Treasuiy proposes to <"nhance the
price of manuliictures, of .g-iaiii, and of
raw wool in our n'ari<els O: ly." Jsow
tliis i-so farfrom iiciiigolivious that with
respect lotlie principal point it is the re-
verse of the livct. Tlie Secretary pro-
poses tQ ^nc^)easc the price of our pro-
visions abroad as well as at home, and
every one who possesses sulVHiciit
capacity to perceive fliat a givcQ
(luantity of produce divided between
two markets, is not so likely to glut
either, as crow'ding the whole into one
would be to glut tluat one, will under-
stand his proposition very ditlerently
from tiie commiilce. The profound
supposition, which follows in the next
paragraph, is worthy tlie rest of tlie re-
port, and it betrays a perfect contempt
for the understandings of the people, to
suppose that they can possibly imagine
it to have any hearing on the case.

"The just criterion" say the com-
mittee, "of tlvc wealth of a iiation, is
the facility with which its citizens can
obtain the necessaries and comforts of
life." This is one of the few truths we
meet wiili in this report, but it is fol-

some ignorant men among our farmers,! lowed by a remark, made no doubt with
but not one so extremely low in point S'l^-'t ^c't comjilaceiuy and admiration
ofintellcci, as that we should venture "' the writers own wit, "and tlie corn-
to tell him, that he could not increase i "littee have yet to learn, th.U an en-
his wealth by clearing and improving! '>^'nfcnient of the price of those

his land, building fences and barns, by
thelaboiirsof iiimself and his sons, and
having his clothing made by his wife
and daughters, from his own wool and
flax; and yet if we v.ere to treat any
individual so mucli like a simpleton, as
to tell him this seriously, and expect
him to believe it, we should only be
saying to him individually, what the

*Thcrc is an anecdote very froqnnntly re-
pealed here bv thn hiboiiriri? clnss, illustnitinr
41ie corrcctni-55 of their ideas on tlii> mbji-ct.
It h of nn Irishman, who, upon his fir^t lamlini^
in America, was onqiiirin? the prices of differeiit
articles of provisions, and exclaiming against
Iheirenonnity-'-What:" says he, "half a dollar
lor that quantity of potatoes, why in Ireland I
could get thimfor sixpence," — "Why then,"
he was answered, "did yon not stay iii Ireland,
where you cofild live "so cheap" — "Because I
could not i;et ttie sixpence there, and I can get
-^he half dollar Ucre,"

articles will increase tlie facility of
obtaining them." The committee
have a great deal to learn besides this,
before they become competcat to teach
others, and we t.ecomniend. thtini to
abate some of their flippancy and dog-
matism until their learning i« some-
what increased. Now in this commu-
nity every one knows, that it is much
easier for even the poorest individual
to obtain the necessaries and comforts
of life, at the' present time, than in 1820,
wiien tlour wa- at -SI 50 per bbl. and
and other articles of food in like pro-
portion; and they know as well that the
causes which have raised the price of
our products, are the same that enable
them to olitain them with more facility.
To the supposition that**"the govern-
ment had the power to promulgate and

J80

THEnEPOUTOFTHKcn.M.1HTTEE OF WAY<*&.MEA\S.

enforce a decree rai?ing Ihe price of;
grain from one to two dollars a Ixisliel,"
we reiterate, that it is not fhod that
our country wants, but the meai.3 of;
making our surplus food procure us the
ot.ier necessaries and <om(i)rts of life.

The statenwnt that follows, viz: '
"thaf capital has always controuled i
this branch of legislation," is as false in I
premises and conclusions, as most of
the others contained in this precious
document. The fact if, that capital
do(>s not, .'md has not contronled this
or anv other branch of our le<;islatio'! :
if i( had done so, we should have had
no cmbaigo, no non-interrom"se, no
war. But as the committee arc pro-
posing a mode of legislation for the
benefit of the British nation, perhaps
they forget themselves here, for a mo-
ment, so far as to imagine tliat thev
were in Groat Britain, and 'peakin<iof
that country and govcr-imrnt. That
tliey are proposing precisely such
measures as would be dictated b}'
Great Britain, had she the power to
dictate tothecommittec.and the knowl-
edge (hat tliey were such treml)ling,
fa-Viiing slaves, that none ot' he;- dicta-
tiois would be oppo^od. is clearly mani-
fest from the tCjiidency of the whole re-
port.

The committee say, '-it strikes them
as being a paradox almost too extrava-
g-ant foi' grave cossidcraiion, to say
that we shall increase llie cap.-fcity of
the people to purchase luxuries by
compelling them to pay a higher price
for the two cardinal necessaries of life."'
The reason of the committee's bein?so
puzzled with ttiis astoundinti paradox,
is t'le fundamental error with whirh
they commenced, and on which they
reason throughout, viz: that of sujipos-
ing the American people to consist of
the imporlers of British goods, in New-
York and Boston, some of the South
Carolina and Georf^ia planters, aiid a
few dandies to whom Inle-tring and
Cologne water are the most iini)orlan(
comlbrtsof life; and (he farmers and
manufacturers instead of being the
Ameriian |)eop'<'. a small body of men
against who>e cupiditv it is necessary
to be ronslanllv on our guard.

The (-ommillee next proceerl to their
arjjumcnts in favour of, our returning

aiiain to a state oi vassalage to Great
Britain; and in this they display an au-
dacitv of impudence which scarcely
any Briti-^h politician would dare to as-
sume, and which is worthy of such men
a- in tiieir anxiety to be thouglit
duellists, once insulted the public
by several publications of their own
shami.'I'ul and ridiculous conduct, unlil
they became a bye-word aiid a proverb,
a laugnii.K stock and theme of satire
throughout the United States. The
amouit of their argument (for it
IS too tedious and disgusting to be
quoted) is, that if we exclude British
manufacture-;, they will refuse to j>ur-
ciiase our cotton and toI>acco. In their
reasoning on this subject, they display
(or suppose in their readers perhaps,)
an ignorance of the policy of Great
Britain, of the causes of the present
slate of things, and of the naiural
course of trade. t!iat is truly contemp-
tible; and what is worse, they mani-
fest a slavish, truckling disposition
which it would he flattery to call con-
temptible. Tiie committee sa\, "it is
e<|u all\ true tiiat the reaso*. whv it is
her (Great Britai.i's) interest to pur-
cliase from u>, aid why s'lc takes iVom
us double the <|uanlity she lakes 'rom
the whole world besides, is because we
have hitherto been her best customers.
As long as we continue to take her
m.inufactures, it will he her interest to
take raw cotton (rem u», but :io lon-
ger." Now everyone who knows any
thing about trade, knows, that Great
Britain does not take our cotton cit'ier
because we arc her best customers, or
for any other reason but the plain, ob-
vious a: d ~imple one, (hat she ca'iiiot
get it ;is cheap (rom an\ other source.
The purchasers of cotto:i in Great
Britain never think or care vvheti er
it comes from their '-best customers*'
or their worst enemies, tmd would iis
soon purchase it from the one as the
other. And as to the British goverii-
ment, they h;>ve always miuleit a rule
to prohibit every thing which they
themselves, or their colonies could tur-
iiish, without stopping in the li'ast to
enqtiire how their measures would ;il'-
(ect their best cu-tomcrs. So far have
tliey been from showing us anv partic-
ular Javortind taking our cotton to the.

I'HE REPORT OF TIIE COM.inTTEE OF WAYS AND MEANS.

181

exclusion oflliat of other nations, thati
tlicv Ikkc done what the commitlce
are so fearful tlicy mm/ do, — endeavor-
ed 'o raise up rivahy to us i:i this ar-
ticle in South America, in Eirypt, in
the East Indies, ai.d in the Mediterra-
noa;; Isles- Indeed, for our siatesineti
to pretend that Gr.at Britain has ever
favored u? in aiiy thine, wlicn her own
interest did not compel her to do so, is
to calculate entirely too larsicly on the
weakness and ignorance of the Ameri-
ca'. People. Where the jealousy of
American rivalry exists to such a de-
gree as (o pervade all classes — to exhih-
it i'self in every thinir.from (hemo>t im-
portant governmental rciinlalioiis down
to the rocepiion of a pla\er, it is real! v
loo mortifying to liave (he fear of losing
Brilish patro'iage iirousht forward to
Eanction a most suicidal course of Icg-
Isl.ition. It is ccrtaii ly as much for
the interest of our cit'zens that Great
Britain should take otir hread stuffs as
cur cotfbn, atid yet when has the con-
sideration of our iieing her "best cus-
tomers" influenced her in this respect,
in the smallest degree. But it is too ab-
surd to talk of favors done us by Great
Britain in taking ourcotton or any thing
else.*

The limits of this tirticle do not allow
ns to go further with the report at this
lime and we propose returning to it
hereafter, — but we cnniiot dismiss it
without noticing the monstrous assump-
tion, '-•that very nearly as many per-
sons arc employed directly and indi-
reclly in the importation of a given
quantity of cotton and woollen ma'su-
factures as are employed in the fabrica-
tio I." It certainly employs a irreater
Jiumbirof persons to transport goods
across the mountains from tiic Atlantic
cities to tliis place than to import them
from Europe, yet wc doubt whether

* With rc5pect to ourcntlon, all the Le;i!-la-
tion that can be deviled will not .ilter its course.
We po^^css 5uch an extent of tirritory favorable
for i's cultivation, and so iiiiich ciitrrpriac wl'icli
has been called forth hy its profn.ihlcncf--, that
its riiltiire would (from the rliaracter of our
pcoide) be increased until all the markets of the
worlil were plulted, if we hatl the innnoply o!
thiiii all, — the business then bic^niin^ unprnfi-
tabh-, the idanters would turn liieir allcntioo
to sonjelbirgclse.

the most hardy Jacksonians among tis
would veiiture the assertion that it
gives employment to a greater number
of persons to l)ring our merchtii dizc
across the motii'ttiins than to m;inu fac-
ta re it oursehcs.

There is perhaps no place in the
Ujiited States, l>etter situated to illus-
trate the advantai'ges i>©th of com-
merce and manufactures than Ciiicirt-
nati, ai^l we see here that they mntu-
j ally benefit each other,;ind the aLiricul-
i rural i'terest also. In every country
I where neither commerce or manufac-
I tures are in a flourishing slate, agricul-
:ture I;mguishes; where commerce a-
lone flourishes, it is sometimes pros-
perous ai.d sometimes ot lerwise; btst
where maiiufactures flourish, it is al-
ways prosperous ar.d must necessarily
be so whatever be the prices of the dif-
;ferent articles of trade. For at what-
ever prices they may be lix^ d, tlie real
practical result is an excha.ge of one
kii;d ol labor for another, a^d wherever
people are tree to cIkxisc th<'ir eniploy-
iments the value of the dilKrent kinds
of labor will find its level a- naturally
:as water. In our city every i^ew man-
ufactory gives employmer.t to an addi-
tional number of families — these fam-
ilies require ati additional qnantilv of
provisions, which cDaldts ;'.m additio:^;il
number of farmers to cultivate an ad-
ditional quantity of land, and all these,
require ;m additiontil quantity of goods
from the merciiant, and various fibrics
from the mechanic. There is tilsu the
r;iw material to be furnished by the in-
itervenfion of th.e merciiant in one way
I or other, and a portion of the manufac-
itured article is distributed by him to
various parts ofthe counliy. Our pe-
culiar misfortunes have enabled every
one among us to observe i; is course
I of things more phiinly, than u.-ually
occurs to any community. When e\erv
tliii'g was paralyzed by the destruction
[of trade, Seethe pres-ure of poverty
jwas universal and so heavy that every
slcj) by wiiich it was allevitited was
'seen and felt by all. It «as |>erceivtd
that every mar.ulat luring establish-
'meiit. — every etTort that gave employ-
jmeiit to industry, — contributed to res-
tore to us life and animation; and n?
. spQn a^ labour became in demani},-

SS3

THE III-RO OF TWOtVARSb

prosperity returned, and the most ig-l
noiaiitof all our citizens became bet-'
ter versed in the printiples of |K>liticuI [
economy than l!u- Committee of Ways j
and Means, of til e Congress of the Uni- '
ted States. 1

Further ErtfocU from the Drama of lit'.

iii:i{o or TWO n ars.

Act II — Scene 2n(l.
The Hero's study in the Hermitage.

[Hero much digitated holding TnUJt's .3dio
rate tn his hand]

Hero. Although our fuulU mav slocp from
year to year,
Perchance unhoarci of, yet thcy'r chroniclwl
Deep ill the memory, from which thiy burst
Like the volcanic llauie long smothered in
The womb of earth, and blast our blooming:

hopes.
This book announces to the piping v.orld,
Oinncps I had vniidy ho|«"d fori;otten;
And like (he blood hound tracks my winding

step-.
Through the wild mazasof illicit love,
And scenes of violence in riper asc;
Nor pauses there, but still piirsiiei me down
The vale of years, and =t>imps with verity,
\Vhat loud-tongued rumour had proclaimed be-
fore.

I am depicted a? a man of blood.
Devoid of temperate and cool discretion;
As if the (Inij-star's fiery pestilence
Poisoned my birth, and centered in my breast.
The vile compound of ev"ry vengeful pas=ioii
That renders man ferocious. — And wherefore?
Secause 1 dar'd to execute the laws
Of savage life, on ,=avagc man ; because
I dared exterminate their skulking band.
Oh had I but the power strong as my will,
* I'd lash the ra-cals naked through (hi' world'"
AVho dare expose me thus. Succeed or not.
They yet shall feel the weight of my revenge:
And circumspect Buchanan too shall feel
At least, the chilling frown of my contempt.
Had he but played his part as I designed,
Nor paused at coward coi»sciencc as he did,
I'd lieen secure of my gn'at enterprise.
Let moralizing fools say what they will.
None are for me who boggle at a lie.
" I'vcset my ife upon thecast," nay more.
My martial fame is blasted if I fail.
Were all my oilicers like Gi ncral Dufl",
We'd gull the simple and confound thewisr, —
Vrt'ss iraud and ctrciiinvention in our cause, —
Pii'on the I ublic ear 'gainst (hose in ollice, —
And in the sequel push Hum from theirseats.
(^The cluck strikes ) 'Tis midnight, weary na-
ture chilled with age.
Invites me to re ose, where for a while
1 may forg'-t the bustling world.

[Jhro Vtrotvs himsrlf upon a rour/i, vvikc heard
nt ndistanrr^ Itecomcs imirr distinrl until the fvt-
iiiring words arc heard sun;; In/ mani/ loices]

"When midnight o'er the moonless tkies,
Her pall oftrancient death hatli spread.
When mortals sleep, and spectres ri-e.
And none arc wakeful hut thedrad,"

Then horror brings in dread review,
From lonely in:iiisions of the grave.
The >heeted forms of those he knew,
Whoec lives he luighl, but would not save;

Let hissing snakes ami wild dogs howl,
Thtir direst music ouhitenr.
Commiiuleil with the boding owl.
And wrin;; his ?iunibcring soul with fear;
Alecto. with thy snaky hair.
And torch, and whip, torment his dreams,
And daiDiK'd spirits of despair.
Awake him with demoniac screams.
[The iHusic ciases. Ghosts enter and st'iiti
around tlie slfrjiitii; Hera's roiirh.]

Ghost Is/. The memory of Woods distarb thy
dreams.
Think of my tender years by thee cut short,
And 'remble at thy crimes.

Ghost ind. The (laming sword
Of retribution fla'h upon thy mind,
Then think of Lewis, whose frail thread of life.
Thoii didst ill wanton cruelty cut off.

Ghost o</. The blood of Linsey rest upon thy

head.
Gliosl 4th. "Waking or sleeping, let tho
shade of Hunt
Flit throneh thy iiiiml and call the Homicide:
Ghost oth. Look if thoti duTcrt npon depart-
ed Webb.
Ghost eUi. When death shall lay his icy
hiind on thee, ,

Thcnthiiik of -Morrowi's fate, "despair and die.''
Cfi:osi ~tk. It is no marvel that thy sleep i-
re^tless ;
A fearful inctibii' of gloom and horror,
Bp'Oils o'er thy sense and banishes repose.
Know'st thou the shade of Harris? Ah! that
start
■ Proclaims that conscience still performs her of*

lice.
; Yet I in vain invoked thy clemcncv.
In vain mv wretched wife, and helpless babes ;
My age, misfortunes, and my sacred calling;
i My honesty of purpose, my repentance
! For error- which were stigmatized as crimes.
, Wci-e urged a- pleas for pardon and forgivene"
My frail and wasted tenement of clay
Was sacrificed, tho victim of thy power.
' Nav more; in afttr (inies tocxcuse thedcrii.
i Reproaches loiil, by thi e. wi re cast upon me,
Reckl<v-s of truth, .lishonoaring my name.
But I reproach llic" not, — rather forgive
The wrongs thous'l done inc, than requite wit?i

wrong;
Rither wonhl point thee to the sacred font,
\ Wh( re all thv bloody ileedr may he washed out
jThat blood, which toab=olvca guilty world,
I Poureil out ('or man, by man's uiijiist decree,
I .VIone can wa-h thy blood-stained sins away-
' This warning is a heavenlj visita»t.
! Oh, pass it not unf.ecded by ! It comes
1 To chasten, not inflame thy desperate spirit.
{The Ghostsvanish. He rn starts from his murli.

Hero. Spare! oh, spare! — Soft! — I did but
-ilream .
Great God ! wlia( mean these nichtly visitants :
That haunt my dreams, and with their "trum-
pet tongues"
Proclaim me homicide! One thero ivas, me-
I thought,

I The shade of Harris, (hat did counsel mc
' To penitence. Med.inks 1 see him yet,
I Sianiling before me, robed in spotless wlii(e,
) Wi(h one hand poin(ing to th' Eternal Throin^
• And v.i(h the other donii, to — yawning hell.

THE UERO OF TWO WAKS— GEN. JACKSON'S LAND SPECULATIONS. 13&

OCouscioncc,— ConsciMicel— liow tlij mad- 1 i.KiN. JACKSON'S

ilei.iMi: stin- I lAND SPJiCUX-ATlONS.

Tif-rrcs my heart. Hcinorsc still lollows me, ■ , , , r , i . ^„i

Or slii-piiie, or awalu-, >till liauiit* my soul. One |inncipal objoct of tin, work, is to col-

\auiitiiii; ambition goaili nie up the steep , led and embody authentic facts, with respect

orHMrkllv^'anie, while conscience whisper* me,
Beware!— The dangerous hiiv'ht ihoci canst not
climb. {Knkr Toady.)

Toadv. What, Chioftain! —

III CO. Whose there ?— (»<a.<in?.)

Tiiady. Know you not your friend,

Anil counsellor! Hi-toriaii !— orati r!—
And pedneoi;uc ?— but must start alrri^hted
As I apiripaeh \ou; Wiiy this early walchingl

Htm- IJriams,— horrid dreams! have wrung

the soul of Hero.— j ^^ always wishes to be judged,
What think yo"'— 'hat iny iricnds are lallin- . ... ^ J ^ . . „.

off!

to the character and conduct of Gen. Jackson,
"i'he dissemination of these throie^h the coun-
try, may enable the people to di oide for them-
selves, what is the real character of the man.
It is ni his private relations, in his dealings
and intercourse with his fellow ^iiien, that u
man usually devclopcs the true bias of his
mind. And it is by these, that every honest

He who
hriidis from this test of integrity, subjects

-no ! Your | himself to suspicion.

Major Eaton, inhis eulogy on Gen. JacUson,

informs us, that he squanderfd rather wililly,

jhis little paternal estate. lie emigrated to

1 Tennessee, as an adventurer. He is now rich.

If his wealth has been fairly acquired, it does

him credit. But if chicanery and fraud have

Toady. No, mighty cJiicftain,

friend' are lirm |

.Vs ocean rocks, iouikI which the surje may dash i

And foam, hut cannot shake their deep ibuuda- |

tions.

Hero. Yet I fi ar— yes, I fear— foreboding

dreams —

Toady. Bah! chieftain. What! does Hero [ ^

fear * Do dreams — I . ,^-. i,.i.-

J/iro.Bvtheimmaculate:-Dreamslastnightibeen the instruments of its accumulation, his

have struck ] wealth dishonors him. He has been accused ol

More awful ti rr.ir to the soul of Hero more than one effort to obtain property, by in-

Than coul.l the belching roar of (he volcano, | ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ important facts

ThouL'henrth =hr)uldgapctoswall.)Wupiiiy foesi ,,.,.. , i r .u v„

And sink me with them in the general ruin. on this head, in the second Dumber of the Ex-

Oft have 1 braved t!.e niifscd front of war, • positor, which related to the pretended Crecli

"VVIicn, if I 'd thought a iiair upon my head I donation. 'We now present to our readers, the

Was touched with fear, I'd plucked it out.— | ^j^^^,^^ ^f another speculation. It is copied

V.ach fibre oi my"frame has ta'en th' .larm, ) from the .Kentucky Reporter, and was furnish-

And 'hakes with terror. i ed for publication, by Ur. Armstrong of Ten-

Taady. Hero, thou art unwise I nessee, wliose character has been assailed by

To let ihy vagrant. dre.;im.^ distress thee thus. ] ,„ ^rtcrs of Gen. .lackson, but with very

Htro. Methoueht pale spectres stood around , ' I ,t- , . ■, r r . • , .

iiiv couth, Uttle success. His detail of facts, is supported

Forcboi1;ii'i ray defeat, and threatening rcn- ' by authentic documents. It will be seen, that
geancel Gen. Jackson was an ageiit for collecting a

^'""'*"firm" ^^^^ °"" "^°"'' "'^' ^"^"''' "'' I large sum of money, secured by mortgage upon
The ndnions'of thy foe as well might change I lands. That he became interested in the pur-
The orbit of the' moon, or, with their bri'atb, ] chase and sale of the mortgaged premises, and
Blow cut the burniD!; sun, as shake tlu^ l:rm nyttyn application, asserted tho title to be good.

Resolves thy friends have made. Or right, or ^f^^,„,j„j,^ he engaged in a speculation to

They will not alter now. Ortiue, or false,
Nothing believe, thy foes can say; yet all,
However false, thy leading friends promulL'ate.
Hero Had he,the Northern Hercules but lived,
On whose strong arm Irested for -upport.
My cause had prospered. But, alas' hi;
Are now with mine no more idenlified

purchase a better title than the one ho had as-
sisted in selling under the mortgage, and com-
menced a suit to recover the lands from those
who purchased them under the mortgage; and,
friends ! in P»>"'j ft least, upon the faith of his verbal as-
surance that the title was gooil. This specu.

There 's not a soul of them cares aught for Hero, i^jim, he gave nj), upon receiving'the sum of
But forwardrd .Mif cause to forward his. . ^^^^^ dollars! It seems very imj.robable, that

' Jackson could have recovered these lands, in

1 10 000 ('(
Kow, that they can no longer serve their chief, • . ' .

rill v 'llleave metomy late. Oh, desperation
Tvady. Great Chieftain! well thou know'st | equity. My opinion would be, upon the case
the love I bear thee, ! hcrepiesented, that he could, not have recovcr-

.A,nd will forgive what honesty compels j g^^ ^^ ^^,j ^^^ ,.^,j k, oqo dollais,

That Ishou dsay to you. ' I is downright mad- I . .

ncss. ' w'>'ch is certainly a pretty penny for giving

Thy dreams have touched the soundDQ.=e of thy t up a vejy desperate claim It is hoped the
reason. read r will peruse attentively, the narrative and

Go court repose. Thy eye looks wild, and , ,„,, j^at follow :

glares i

\s if upon the spectres of the night. EDITOR KF.XTUCKV REPORTER.

I '11 to the the post house ; whence I '11 bring gy,. — ^\ , ] „ 5,5 neither brought up nox

184

GENERAL JACKSON'iS LAMJ SPECULATIONS.

of vulgarity, the puMick need not ex- on the same grants to this very lain! —
peci .-ne to uS" the languai^e conimo:i and endeavored to convert the wliolc
lo liis pupils a;i^l retainers. ]M\ (j'lj'ct of it to his own use, and his associali>.
is to give inform itioii to the cnnimunity. A:id let it be distinctly understood, that
touchii g the cliaiartcr, history and if GencralJacksoii had done the husi-
morat fitness of an individual, who asks iness correctly in the first instance, in
nothnigii-ss at their hands, than the the foreclosure of the Mortgage, there
highest office within tiieir gift. I will never would have hecn any foundation
therefore neither tunt to the right hand, for this second claim pretended to be
nor to the left, to bandy epithut^i with houglit from the heirs of David Allison;
any of iiis inao.t,- — nevertheless- I will and if so. will it not be manifest tiiat
cheerrully answer them, when I tliink ; General Jackson took advantage of his
' ' own wrong, to ruin those who had

plaeed confidence in him?

they act under tiie instruction and in-
fluence of the General in denying mat-
ters of fact heretofore slated by nie.
I cannot even permit myself to animad-
vert on the r(/>r production of a "Mr.
Jo'ni G. Anderson of Nasiiville,"' re-
puplished in the '• Wiiig ai'd Bannei

That David Allison, before the vear
ISOO. gave a .Mortgage Deed, to Nor-
ton Pryor for 8j,000 acres of la d on
Chirk River, to secure the payment of
S'21,S00, with interest, will not be de-
of the nth inst. but will take for grant- jnied; therefore the first document to
cd that he has authority from General i which I shall refer is the articles of
Jackson to pronounce the facts slated ' agreement entered into, between Nor-
iii the 2d number of the "Tenne-sean" ^ toi^ Pryor of Pniladelphia and Joseph
falfe, relative to the Duck River land Anderson of Tennessee, bearing; date
speculation. I rely more especially the 9tl] May, 1800, and witnes-ed by
on this contradiction as being author- W, C. C. Claiborne and William .Ahis-
ised by the General, because I under- sey. This instrument gives Joseph
staiid Mr. Anderson is the *lcp-son of | Anderson power, as aliornev. "to tile a
the sister-in-law of Gei'.eral Jackson, a bill in Chancerv for the purpose of
a-.d a frequent inmate at the Hermit- .foreclosing the equity of redemption,
age; and because he asserts that he 'in and upon the said ^Mortgage."" "It
knows the narrative of facts therein: is therefore herebv agreed by and he-
staled to be ''false"' of his own know- , tween the said parties, that in case the
ledse. This being the case I will now jland so mortgaged as aforesaid, shall by
introduce some documentary cvidiMice virtue of a decree in chancerv. be ex-
in support of my former allegations, posed to sale, that then and in that
Thi' pleadings are made up, and issue lease. the sidd Anderson shall purchase
joiiR-d — now for the proof. |the said land tlir the use and benefit of

1 wish tile public to bear in mind the I the said Nortor Pryor, and said Joseph
<ex/, from wliich tiie inference has iiecn j Anderson and their heirs." There
drawn, that General Jackson has been are other considerations in the agree-
guilty of '-frand and corruption" in re-!nKMit which I need not mention,
lation to tliis land speculation — to wit: j On the '2(1 dav of October, in the
That he was employed as agent and 'year 1 800, General Jackson and Jo-eph
counsel, to foreclose a Mortgage, a^.d , Anderson entered into an agreement
secure a title to certain land* therein 'relative to this same mortg:ige and
named, unless the money was jiaid. — 'lands — from which the following is an
That afler doing, and liaving the bu^i- lextract — "whereas Joseph Anderson
ness done, and receiving a very large |hal!i made a special agreement « ith
fe", and alter frequently coun^elling Norton Pryor oflhecilv of Pl.iladel-
and telling oliiers that the title wa- [iliia. to cau^e to lie l'l)reclo^ed the ('(|ui-
Jiood — he f'pund out, or !-u]ipo-ed thai ty of redemption upon a mortgage

hf^ had discovered (or perhaps knew it
from the fir-l) tiiat the court had not

which the said Norton Pryor has upon
sundry tracts of land, which were the

juris. lirlion of the case; — and that then property of David Allison, amounting
he toi'l; .'.dvanlagt" of this, his o:i-n (.'c.'. | lo ei^^'ity fiv(' thousand acres, Ivinc; np-
and I'ouglit up auotlier claim. f'Xinded 'on Duck River in (he state of Tfsv

GENERAL JACKSON'S LAND SPECULATIONS.

18$

ncssce." "Now this article witnesseth,.
that the said Joseph Anderson doth
a^'reL• to let the ^aid Andrew Jackson
liave the one fourth part of the said
one half of the eigiity live thousand
acres, upon the terms and coiiditionss
which the said Joseph Anderson is to
have it from the said Norton Pryor.'"
Upon the same day General Jackson
received sundry title papers from Jo-
seph Anderson, and gave his receipt
therefor, of which the following is the
closing sentence — " which I acknowl-
edge to have received for the purpose
of placing into the hands of Coundl to
have a Morlgngc foreclosed given to
Norton Pryor by David Allison on the
above mentioned land which I promise
to do, or cau-e to be done.

(Signed) ANDREW JACKSON.

Agreeai>ly to the foregoing agree-
ment, and promise, the bill in equity
was tiled, and proceedings regularly
had thereon between

Norton Pryor, Complainant,

vs.
■I.i.in Allison, Will. Allison,1
Alexander Alli?on, Pegsy In Equity
Allison, SiiUy Allisun, Is- y
bc!l Allison, and Jane Alii- J Decree,
son, heirs and devisees ofj
David Allison, doc'd. Dcfeniiants.

The decree was entered up by
"Harry Innes and John M'Nairy,
Esqr*., two of the Judges of the Court
of United States for the District of
West Tennessee, at October term, be-
ing the 21st day of October.l 801." In
which decree it is set forth, that " in
consideration of the Mortgage Deed
and Note '.erinvith tiled, it is decreed
and ordered that unless the said De-
fendants do on or before the 20th Jan-
uary next, pay unto the Comjilainant
the sum of twenty-one thousand eight
hundred dols. with interest," &c. '• the
said Defendants and their heirs and all
other persons claiming by. from or un-
der them, shall be thenceforth barred
and foreclosed, of and from all right of
Equity of redemption."' The decree
then specilirally mentions seventeen
grants of 5000 acres each, in all 85000
acres — and then goes on to direct the
marshal, that in case of failure in the
Defendants to pay the debt, interest
and cost, "after giving sixty days pre-
vious notice thereof in the Tennessee
Hazette, to make sale of the before

mentioned tract or tracts of land, con-
taining in the whole 85,000 acres, in
the town of Nas'aville, at the Court
House, at public Auction, for ready
money, &c."

I have not at hand the return of the
marshalVsale in obedience to the be-
fore recited decree; but reference to
that returti will prove my i'ormer state-
ment on this point correct. T!io fol-
lowing extract of a letter from Gener-
al Jackson to Joseph Andeivon, daicd
25th May, 1802, will also prove it:—
" The conveyance to Norton Pryor
shall be made by the Marshal agreea-
ble to the numbers in his letter men-
tioned. Number 35 agrcenb/e to vour
letter and number ?A that adjoins it, i
shall have conve)ed to me and my or-
der. The Ballanrc to yourself, and
when we meet we shall aceommndalc
the Ballanee due me." "'The land
sold for fifteen hundred and fifty dol-
lars— The above and within is a roush
statement of the business relative to
the land sold under the decree of Nor-
ton Pryor in conformity with our agree-
ment. (Signed)

ANDREW JACKSON."

If the foregoing recapitulation, end-
ed the history of this unpleasant trans-
action, my pen never would liave been
employed to tell it to the world. But
when I feel conscious that scenes of
tniqiiily followed, in which General
Jackson bore a conspicuous part; and
when I see thousands of my lellow citi-
zens bowing down, and proclaiming
him a fit person to preside over these
United Stale." — ought 1 to have remain-
ed silent? Every feeling of patriotism
says, No.

Before proceeding any farther, I ask,
if there is any candid or honest man
who will say, that Gen. Jackson could
voluntarily, and honestly, place him-
self in a situation to exert all his energy
and influence, to do away the effect of
the foregoing decree and sale, to the
prejudice of Pryor and Anderson, and
those who had bought under !hcm;
especially when he had advised such
purchase? Or will ni^y person say,
that a lawyer and Agent, is under no
moi-i.l obligation to his emplover. or
client — but in jmtice may appropriate.

186

GEVERAL JACKSON'S L.IND SPECTLATIONS.

all the proceeds of the matter in con-' fore the sealing and delivery of these
troversy to his own use? Surely not. presents," 'vlo barfjain. sell, assis;n.
^Vas not General Jackson the Agent transferand sel over, unto said A. Jack-
and attorney of Pryor and Andor>ou?, son, all their rifjht. title, claim and in-
1 answer em]iliatica]ly, yos. Then i terc?t. ei.hcr in law or equity, in and
why was our Court Docket crowded (o all laiids, tenements and heredita-
with suit? in the G'lururs nonu, to up•lm^•nt^or other estate whatsoever with-
set their claim? I in the limits of the said state of Ten-

Ahout the years lS06-7and 3, Alex- ! nesse," "which were liolden or claim-
ander Outlaw, the father-in-law . of i ed h\ said David Allison, either by
Judge Anderson, and lames Patton ; grants, entrie?, or convevances of any
and Andievv Kiwin, became largely in- 1 kind, or in any other mai.ner whalso-
terested in these lands, — the former by | ever, and .-111 E/^uiliis of Ridaiiption. or
purchase from Judge Anderson, and [other equitable claims for lard, or any
the latter by purchase from Pryor and j interest in, or proceeding from lands,
Anderson. Colonel Erwin, one of tetiements or hereditaments, and also
tliese individuals, bcfoie his purchase, ' lo all land warrants and certificates ioT
had consulted Jcnkin Whiteside, as lost lands, orlands that cannot be identi-
well as General Jackson, in reference ' tied,' &c. signed by all the heirs of
to the title, and was assured by both David Allison.

that it was good. I am aware, that | Did any person ever read such
this fact has been controverted by Mr. sweeping clauses, and such caution to
Whiteside as to himself, i)Ut with what keep out of view the real quaititv of
truth I tliink wesliall see in the sciiuel. land, and other claims said to be held
It was also about this time that many by the deceased in any other Deed?
other individuals consulted both Gcti- 1 /Vnd ail for the pitiful sum of .S500,
eral Jaclcson and Jenkiii Whiteside i (and it is stated by one of the heirs
about the title of those land>; but be-i that even that sum was never paid)
fore I introduce their testimony, I [besides some stale old namcle--; debt--,
think it proper to show why it became The ground work of the •• fiaud" is
nece?sarv for tliem to refer lo these

consultations.

In tlie year 1812, after the innocent

now laid: lichoid tiie super>li ucture.
Soon after thi- time, the General w:is
called lo command a detachment ol men

purchasers had been in possession of I from Tennessee, "for the defence of
the lands five or six years; and after the lower country;" and it is presuma-
the land had become four fold more , ble that having now buckled on his
valuable, General Jackson pretended Military Armour, he could not attend
that lie had discovered that no legal in person to this weigiity matter. Or
process could run to sell lands not re- perhaps his own h\;al taleiis wire not
linquishcd by the Indians; or when sullicient to carry him through such a
neither of the parties lived in the state Isuit — nor was his j)urse stroi g enough
— although such lands might have been to pay the money calKd for in this
granted, and witliin the chartered limits "K((uily of Redemption." Be this as
of the state. Sucii was the situation 1 i' may, on the 9lh dav of Januar^ , 1 81 3.
of the land ai)ove described. In the I after the troops wcie organized and in

month of Augu>t, 1812, we find the
General in the stale of (Georgia, wheed-
ling the heirs of Da\ id Allison out of
these same lands. Tiie Deed of pur-
chase, by Gen. Jackson from those
heirs, hears date, 3d August, 1812. And
as a consid'Hilion it is ftatcd, "That;
said David Allison was largcls indebt-
ed to said A.Jackson in his life lime.
and died so indebted; and of the sum
of five hundred dollars to them in hand.

camp near Nasiu ille, and only a few
days before the General sailed to
Natchez — 1\ partnership was formed be-
tween him>elf and James Jack>on, a
very wealthy merchant, aid the be-
fore mentioned Jcnkin AN'hiti'^ide. who
was said to be lhegreate>l land lawver
in the state; by which agreement and
partnership, the Gi'iieral let each of
lliem into an equal share of his pui-
chaso, from (lie heirs of David Allison.

paid by Ihe said Ji. Jack-on. at or be- Tlic special part to be acted by 31j

I

fcENERAL JACKSON'S LAND SPECUI^TIONS.

181

doubt communicated the information
to otiiers.

lliader, suppose you were foemploj-
a lawyer, and pay l.im a very large
fee, to bring suit for tlie rcco\cry of a
tract of land. The business progress-
ed, and judgment fnialiy rendered in
your favour — your lawyer then (old
you that the title, was good, and thai
you might settle on it, or sell, and
mak(; warrantee deeds. \ ou arc not
acfiuainlcd with tiie tcclniical niceties
of the law, and put faitli and credit in
the honour and judgment of >our
counsel. You settle on the land your-
self, and sell part to otliers: alter years
of labour and toil, iu which time, the
land has become ten times more val-
uable, your lawyer then thinks he has
discovered that the business was at first
wrong done — goes to your former ad-
versary, (without apprising you of the
facts) and buys up the claim tliat he
had once defeated — comes back and
brings suit against you, and those to
whom you have sold. ^Vould you
think he was an honest man? Or
would you think he was a fit person to
be President of the United States? —
Such you will discover, was the con-
duct of Gen. Jackson.

I .icknowledge, that 1 am not pre-
pared to give a correct history of tim
first acts of this comhiiiation^ but it will
be sufficient to state, that in the year
1813. tliey commenced some kind of
suit for the recovery of this land — and

VVhile-iide, as declared in the agree-
ment, was to "commence and |)rosecute
all suits and actions, either at law or
in Equity, that may l)e requisite for the
recovery or security ol said lands, &LC.
After stating the duty to be performed
by each partner, and the obligations
they were under to each otiier, tlie in-
strumeiitgoeson to say, that "said A.
Jackson further covenants, &c.,to and
with tUe said James Jackson, and
Jenkin Whiteside, that he will convey
one equal third part of all the lands,
land wananls, aarl other pioperty so
assigned to him, that may be secured,
recov red, or redeemed, to said J.
Jackson, his heirs, ice, and one other
equal third part of all said lands, land-
warrants, &c., to said Jenkin White-
side," <fcc. The articles of agreement
from which the foregoing extracts are
takcii. «as signed by the confederates,
0,1 the said 9th day of January. 1813 —
and witnessed by K. S. Hall, and S.
CantrelU jr., — registered in the Regis-
ter's Office, Davidson Co. Book J —
page 398.

We have row seen formed, and
ready to burst on the defenceless heads
of more than one hundred innocent
purchasers, a powerful combination of
influence, wealth and talent; and all of
these purchasers were brought into
this dilemma by the previous act of
General Jackson himself. How fear-
ful was the odds, and how appalling to

the fithers of families, many hearts in J soon found out that they had taken a
Tennessee can testify; and perhaps j wrong start; for in July, 1811, they
some of these victims were then ( commenced the business rle «oro, and
marching to the defence of their coun- j filed bills in equity in the name of A.
try. I have said that this dilemma was Jackson, against every known settler
hrouiiht upon the innocent purchasers, on the land, (except one.) The fol-
by the previous act of Gen. Jackson j lowing extracts are taken from one of
him-elf In saying this, I do not posi- those bills, to wit:
tively assert, that the General com- "Your orator, Andrew Jackson, of
mittcd an intentional fraud in the first! Davidson county, in said circuit, re-
instance, when the equity of redemp- 1 spectfiilly repre. cnts to your honors,
tion was foreclosed; but I do say, that i that, on'the 27th day of June, 1793,
the effect was the same as if hehad— ' 85,000 acres of land, lying in what was
because he had been relied on, and j the territory south of the river Ohio,
had pronounced lhebusinc-= well done. [ now stale of Tennessee, on the three
Neither do I say, that all the purchas- 1 forks of Duck river, in what is now
ers consulted Gen. Jackson before i Bed u-rd county, was granted by the
they bought of this land; but it is a j stale of North Carolina, to John Gray
fact, that some of the most prominent I Blount and Thomas Blount, by seven-
persons had consulted him. and no teen patent- of 5,000 acres each, bear

188

(.ENEKAL JACKSO.N'S LA.\D SPECt L-iTIOXS.

ini; diite the same day and year, which j ajietit of Norton Prvor, and before the
patents, describe the respective tracts [said lands were conveyed to thes^e dc-
as follows.'' Then is addi-d. a com- 1 fendants, or said purchase made, — he
plete description of the land — after- 1 was informed and advi>ed hy Jcnkius
wards the orator proceeds: ''And the Whiteside, Esq. that he believed the

said John Grav Blount and Thomas
Blount, afterwards, on the 9th day of
October, 1794, sold, and bv indcntun

title of the said Norton Pryor, a good
title to the land acquired as aforesaid,
under said mortgage, decree and sale.

of l)argain and sale, conveyed said i And at. or about the s:mie time, he
• 85.000 acres of land, to David Allison, was informed by complainant, A. Jack-
then of the city of Philadelphia — your ■ son, that he considered the said title in
ora'.or further shews, that the said N. Pryor, as good a title as any in the
David Allison afterward^;, on tlie first state — said Jackson informed liini at
day 1795, being indebted to one Nor- that time, that he had heard of John
to!! Pryor, of the said city, in the sum I G. Blount having some equitable
of 21,800 dollars, gave his note of that | claim from the hi;irs of said David Al-
dale, to said I'ryor, for the payment of; lison, for the whole of said 85.000
said sum, 90 days after date, and the] acres, but that he claimed a part, un-
better to secure the payment of saidjder a similar title to that of Pryor;
sum, said David Allison, by indenture, that he had sold, and made general
of barp.ain and sale, bearing date the j warrantee deeds, and would continue
same day and year, bargained, sold to sell the balance which he owned in
and conveyed to said Pryor, his heirs the same manner — and that said Jack-
and assigns, in fee. said 85,000 acres, hon then infonned him. that the mort-
so granted to J. G. Blount and T. g'''ge had been absolute more than.

Blou;it." We have already seen this
orator engaged in fore closing the
equity of redemption on the above

/■even years, w-hich would bar an
equity of redemption, and that the
tatute of limitations would be a bar,

moitgagc deed, for Norton Pryor — and that no writ of error could be then

now he is swearing for himself. But
the bill also says — " Your orator fur-
ther represents, that by some agree-
ment or assignment, from said Norton
Pryor to Joseph Anderson, Esq. of Jef-
ferson county, Tennessee, said Ander-
son set up a claim to a part of said
85,000 acres of land, included in pa-
tents 218, '220, 22.', 230, and parts of
s;iid four tracts are now claimed bv
William Finch," &c. And is it Gen-
en«l Jackson who intimates that the
claim of Judge Anderson is a mvstery
to him? How could this man ever
charge ••bargain and cijrruption" on
Mr. Clay, wiien he is so deeply involv-
ed himself?

Iirought to reverse the decree — and
that there was no danger of Notion
Pryor's title. And the said Jackson
then encouraged this respondent to
purchase the said lands from said Pry-
or, and after ( did purchase, continued
to assert his confidence. Whereupon,
this respondent, A. Erwin, for himself
and Jamc< Palton, contracted for the
same as above set forth, and obtained
said deed therefor."

The following is extracted from the
answei of Stephen Booth, one of the
defer.dants: "Sometime in the year
1809, this defendant went to the resi-
dence of the complainant in Davidson
county, to purchase from liim a part
We will now attend to the answcrsj of one of the tracts of land w iiich he
of part of the defendants to General had bought at the IMaYshal's sale, allu-
Jarkson's hills in equity, and sec whali ded to, in the answer of Patton &; Er-
they say on this matter. Andrew Er-{ win. That part, complainant had
win, one of the late firm of Patton fcj promised to convey to a female rela-
Erwin, after staling at large, the na-| lion, who would not consent for it to
tureiif his title, a^ derived ftom Ni)r- be sold to defendant on his arrival
ton Pryor and iuiige Anderson. re|)re- there. Complainant seemed much ir-
sents, - that while the defendanl. A. ritaied at her refusal to sell, as he had
Erwin, was in T'-iine?see, actii-L' as (he before promised it to defendant, and

GENERAL JACKSON'S LAND SPECULATIONS.

189

proposed to the latter to let him have
part of the same tract where one Cof-
iVe Hvcd — defendant said he would
look at tiiat land, but it was proi)ai)le
he would i!0t like it; that he had been
olRred Some land which pleased him
very well, by Alexander Outlaw,
claiming under Anderson, but that he
had been afraid to purchase it, as he
had iieard that Outlaw' was insolvent,
a.id t^iere were fears with some re-
sjiccling the title; that he wished com-
plainant would inlbrm him whether he
could be safe in buying that land-
Complainant answered that he would
be perf ctly ?a!'e in purchasing it; that
Outlaw's or Anderson's title was as
good as any in the s;ate, that there was
no doubt of the title. This expres-
sion, or the same in substance, was sev-
eral times repeated, and sworn to by
CDmnlainant. He said tiiat tlie busi-
ness had been coiidu'led l)y him, that
he had the management of the fore-
closure of the equity of redemption,
and that he knew it was correctly
done."' "He xvcnt home, endeavour-
ed to purchase from Outlay.-, and fail-
ing in that, afterwards purchased said
six liundrcd and twenty-two acres,
from said Patton and Erwia."'

"S/a/e of Tennessee, county of Bedford.

Agreeably to a bill filed in the 4th
circuit, Andrew Jackson rs. Whitehead
and others, John Whitehead doth sol-
emnly swear, that in April and May,
1 806, 1 met with Gen. Andrew Jackson,
and asked him whether he knew the
title to the land on Duck river, claimed
formerly by John G. and Thos. Blount,
but then owned by Alexander Outlaw
from a title derived from Josepli An-
derson, was a good one ; upon which he
was answered by the said A. Jackson,
that it was as good a one as any in the
state, and if that claim would not hold,
none in the state would. And upon
the faith of the representation of the
said Andrew Jackson that the title was
a good one, I purchased four hun-
dred acres of Alexander Outlaw,
sometime in April or May, of the same
year, a kvf days after the conversation
with the said A. Jackson (but that I
have since lost 100 acres of it by a
claim of T. Dixon's) and that I have

had peaceable possession of said land
ever since. And alter I had purchased
the above named land, the said A.
Jackson was at my house where he
gave me the same assurances of the
goodness of the title to said land.

JOHN WHITEHEAD.

Sworn to and subscribed beJbre us
this 11th September, 1819.

NoBLK L. Majors, J. P.

John Scott, J. P."

'■^Slatc of Tennessee, Bedford cmtniy.

This 17th day of April, 1823, per-
sonally appeared before me, M, D.
Mitchell, a justice of the peace for said
county, Henry Conway, and made oath
that either in the year 1806 or 7, he
called on Jenkin Whiteside at Nash-
ville, and enquired of him, as to Col.
Alexander Outlaw's title to the lands
granted to John G. and Thomas Blount,
about the three forks of Duck river,
which Outlaw held urder Joseph An-
derson, who held under the marshars
sale on the foreclosure of Norton Pry-
or's mortgage, under the decree of the
Federal Court, some years previous to
that time. Said Jenkin Whiteside as-
sured him tiiat Outlaw's title w^as per-
fectly safe; as good as any in the state,
and he believed one of the best in the
state; and as a proof of his opinion, he
said he had made himself largely inte-
rested in part of said claims, having
l)ought 2,500 acres of it. (n conse-
quence of which advice, 1 did purchase
1,250 acres from Outlaw, at two dol-
lars per acre, or thereabouts, which
was then a fair price for good titles.
After I had bought, I think in the year
1808 or 9,1 rode in company with
Gen. Jackson and the late Col. Benj.
Bradford, from Jetforson to near Ben-
net Smith's, and on the way Gen. Jack-
son stated that the title under the mar-
shal's sale to Anderson, Pryor, and him-
self, were as safe as any titles in the
state, and it was imi)ossiI)lc it could
ever be set aside.

H. CONWAY.

Sworn to and subsciibed before me.

M. D. Mitchell, J. P."'

'•George Strong, another defendant,
corroborates the statements of Booth
and Whitehead, and Benjamin Brad-
ford and William Norvell corroborate

190

GENERAL JACKSOJTS LAXD SPEeri^TI05S.

the oaths of Col. A. Erwin and H. Con-
way; and if it bi'comes necessary, their
stalpments, oil oath can he produced.
I \Tiil now add an extract from the cer-
tificate of Alexander Allison, one of the
heirs of David Allison, relative to the
General's purchase.

'•'■Georgia, Green County.
"1 certify, that in the year 1812,1
was infornned by my brother Will. Al
lison, that my deceased brotlier David
Allison had left considerable lands in
Tenncsfsee, which might possibly be
recovered, and that Gen. A. Jackson
of Tennessee, had offered to procure
and recover said lands, upon beiii"; l<t
into an interest in the sam':>, equal with
myself and brothers; and that in order
to do this it was necessary for me with
my brothers to sign an instrument in
writing to Gen. Jackson, operating as
I then thought, as a power of attorney,
authorizing him to transact the busi-
ness. It was my understanding at that
time, that General Jackson was to do
the business, and on the final settle-
ment of it, that Gen. Jackson was to
come in for an equal interest with me
and mv brothers, in the land secured.
Under this impression, I put my name
to the instrument with my brothers.
At the time of doing so. I was not in-
formed by my brother William, or any
other person, that my brother David
had died in debt to Gen. Jackson, in
any sum* whatsoever; — neither did I
then know, nor for a long time after-
wards, that n)y brother David in his
lifetime had mortgaged the lands in
Tennessee to Norton Pryor, or that
such lands had been foreclosed, or the
land sold; nor did I then understand
or know that my brother David AHi?on
had made a will disposing of his prop-
erty. 1 further state that I never re-
ceived one single cent for signing that
instrument ofwriting.

ALEXANDER ALLISON.'

'•DifficuKies continued to accumulate
on the side of the Generars comiiina-
tion,as the suit progressed, but it was
formid of mettle not to be overcome
without attempting a dernier resort:
and accordingly we find Jenkin White-

side, (one of the parties) on the 21st
, day of March, 1320, relinquishing all
1 his right, interest, and claim, lo all this
I land, for the trilliiig and inadequate
sum of one thousand dollars, including
; his services as a lawyer for seven) ears;
and this was done for the purpose of
getting his testimony in favour of ::is
former partners. The deed of release
bears the a'jove date, and was acknow-
ledged in open court, January term.
1821, before R. M'Gavock, clerk.

"It was about this time, that P. H.
Darby, Esq., having risen high in the
eslimtition of Gen. Jackson, was ap-
pointed by him prime mi i?ter, in tlie
management of this Duck river land
speculation, over the heads of his other
counsellors, G. W. Campbell, W. L.
Brown, A. Hays. O. B. Hays, and Jen-
kin Whiteside. Esquires; and lie ac-
tually took him into pdrtnership, as
will be shortly seen. The apponitment
of this gentleman to his lolty pre-emi-
nence, is pul)lished in the Nashville
Whig of April 18th, 1821.

" NOTICE.

Being about to leave the State, for
the Florida, I have regularly empow-
ered Patrick H. Darby, Esq. of Nash-
ville, to transact my business relative
to the estate of David Allison, dec. —
All persons having business to transact
with me relative to said Estate, will
please call on said Darby during my
absence.
Signed ANDREW JACKSON.''

'' Having accepted the al)ove agen-
cy, the business will be regularly at-
' tended to i)v me.

1 Signed " PATRICK H. DARBY.

( ^

I Not long after this time. Mr. Darby

'became the Editor of the " Constitu-
tional Advocate," at Nashville, and wc
find his paper frequently hllod with
lengthy essays and investigations rela-
tive to this land speculation — exhibit-

I ing the novel sight of a press devoted
to the examination of a law case still

I pending, and all on one side, in order
to prejudice the minds of the commu-

1 nity. This took place in the year 1 822.

I or 3, and no doubt under the eye, or by

' the consent of Gen. Jackso'i. What
could a set of

' a desperate combination?

farmers do against such

tJEN. JACKSON'S L.\ND SPECULATIONS—CHARACTERS & CONDUCT. 1«»

1 shall not enlarge in reference to |
the Documents which conchide the
liistory of this transaction. In the fall
of 1 823, a compromise was eflbcted, h}
which tiic defendants agreed to give
ten thousand dollars, and pa) certain
<:osts;&thecomplainant, A. Jackson with
J. Jackson, agreed to permit a decree to
be entered at the next court, and give
a quit claim deed, ^^'hen tli". decree
was about to be rendered Mr. Darby
objected, and was about to (ile his bill
to prevent it, alleging tiiat he was
equally interested with the others.
The consequence was, that Mr. Darby
received S'o.OOO of the compromise
money, and joined his worthy partners
in signing the deed of quit claim,which
is now on record at Shelbyville, Bed-
ford county.

[ am aware that the apologists o*"
General Jackson, have attempted to
screen him from the moral turpitude
attached to this proceeding, by plead-
that Da\ id Allison, (before his death)
was legally indebted to him, as well as
to Norton Pryor, and that therefore, it
was not morally wrong to make him]
self safe. Will not this plea prove too
much? — For if such was the fact, and
the General did not put in his claim at
the time he was transacting the busi-
ness for Pryor and Anderson, does it
not argue a presumption, that he com-
mitted an intentional error in conduct-
ing their business, in order to benefit
himsell at a future day?

I know also that the General is laud-
ed by his partizans, because he com-
promised these suits for ten thousand
dollars. Who of us thanks him? I
can assure the public, that nothing but
a split in our ranks, and the desire of a
secure and certain home, together with
his weight and influence, induced the
settlers to accede to the terms of com-
promise ; as many were firmly persuad-
ed that he had become convinced that
the case would be decided against him.
Besides, the General had just before
been nominated by the Legislature of
Tennessee, for the Presidency, and he
did not wish this matter to weigh him
down as a dead weight — as did the
ghosts of those murdered by king
Richard, in his battle with Richmond.

CHARACTERS AND CONDUCT.

The evijs, anticipated by many, from
the election of General Jackson to the
Presidency, have been gradually devel-
oping themselves, in the progress of
the canvass. His incapacity is not the
most serious objection to his success.
Much greater mischief is to be appre-
hended from the examples he may set,
and the company which must naturally
collect around liim. Mr. Benton cor-
rectly anticipated results, when he
said that Jackson, if President, would
be surrounded with desperate naen,
and that Congress would have to leg-
islate armed with dirks and pistols. —
Tiiis may be made manifest noiv by a
few well attested facts.

There now resides at the Hermitage,
a man of the name of Henry Lee, with
his family. He occupies a building
near the residence of General Jackson,
and is engaged in daily intercourse
with him. His business as avowed, is
to write a biography of General Jack-
son. He attends, however, to other
things. A long article criticising the
Virginia Anti-Jackson address, has
been written by him. He accompan-
ied General Jackson to New Orleans,
and the public newspapers noticed him
as escorting Mrs. Jackson, to the boat,
as she embarked to return home. He
was toasted at the Murfeesborough din-
ner, and the supporters of General
Jackson, in Virginia and elsewhere,
begin to commend him as a man deser-
ving encouragement. It is proper to a
correct exposition of General Jackson's
character, and of the means employed
to sustain him, that this Mr. Lee should
be known. This %vork was established
to speak the truth, whenever the pub-
lic good required it to be spoken —
and to speak it plainly and without
fear. This shall be done iu respect to
Mr. Lee, because his association
with Gen. Jackson, and with the sup-
porters of General Jackson for the
Presidency, gives him at this time a
factitious importance which could not
otherwise attach to him.

Mr. Lee is the son of Henry Lee of
Virginia, distinguished as an officer ol
the revolution in the war of the South-
em department. He is a man of finf
talents and superior attaiwnents as ..

19::

CHARACTERS A.ND CONDtXT.

writer. But he is a man without mor-
al iiitegrit}', or hoiiorabie principles.
He has been guilty of perpt'traiing one
of' those eiiormities,whitli is never tol-
erated ill society, and which alway?
overwhelms llie perpetrator with dis
grace. Mr. Lee seduced his wileV
sister, an inmate of his own house, as
is aliened, I'y a series of deliberate acts
practised upon lier, a young and inex-
perienced temale, who regarded him
in llie light of a brother. For this
deed he was driven from the society
where it was perpetrated, and for a
time couched beneath tiie general odi-
um that it fastened upon him. In the
present struggle to make General Jack-
son President, Mr. Lee's talents have
been considered as of some account.
It is not uncommon to recruit an army
from the prisons, thus converting a con-
victed felon into a hero, and a cham-j
pion of public rights. Just so, the sup-
porters of General Jackson seek for
rc( ruits amongst those men of talents
whose misconduct has rendered them
suspicious or infamous. Swartwout was
sunk into deserved oblivion, from the
period of his discharge from imprison-
ment upon an accusation of treason,
until General Jackson selected liim as
a correspondent, and thus again gave
him character. So Mr. Lee was ex-
cluded from society until General Jack-
son received him into his service, and
gave him countenance.

It seems to me tliat there is a disre-
gard of moral obligation to society,
and of decent respect to character, in
this association, that ought to alarm, if
not shock the minds of upright men.
If youthful passion, or other circum-
stances may be pleaded as an apology
for General Jackson's own transgres-
sions upon the marriage rights of oth-
ers, he ought not, in his present con-
dition, to encourage an enormity so
much greater than his own, lest an in-
ference be deduced that he has really
no moral sense on the suliji'ct. \Vhat
arewe to say to it? Our President se-
duced his neighbors Avife, and lived
witli her in an adulterous intercourse
until she became his own! — He takes
to his society and confidence, under his
patronage and protection an adulterons
and incestuous seducer of virgiu iiuio-

cence! And the public men of the
country, their wives and daughters, are
to as-ociate with this leprous fiend in
nuaian form as nitli a genili'nian! His
talents are to be prais'd, his wriii.igs
admired, his crimes to be forgotten,
whilst, on his part, liiere is no toke of
penitence, not even that which delect-
ed guilt usually inariiiests. And for
what is all this humiliation to ' e en-
countered and endured? For the sin-
gle reason, and no other, that this protii-
gate can be made useful. So, in other
countries, can bravos and as.-assins.— :-
But even where such instruments are
used, their cmplo\ers do not degrade
themselves by associating with them as
equals.

This employment of Lee. at the
Hermitage, is in character with other
matters in transaction at VVashinglon.
Dutr Green is certainly less infamous
than Lee. But who tliat looks hack
upon his course could wish to see him-
self in connection with him. Then
there is Col. Jarvis, also a political
adventurer, who, as well as Green,
seems to have been employed, pretty
much on the principle already stated,
of enlisting recruits where ever they
can be got. from the stews or the pris-
on, with or without reputation. These
two men are the champions of General
Jac*on at Washington, and they ap-
pear to be so completely inflated, with
self importance, at their present posi-
tion and elevation, as to promise no lit-
tle trouble and prejudice to their em-
plovers. Both of them have sought
occasions to commit a breach of the
peace, within the walls of the capitol
I itself; and in ca-es where the disputes
originated in p:uty politics. Men of
decent maiuiers. and correct feelings
would have avoided such courses, for
their own sakes, and for the credit of
their party. But these two men seem
to have thought it would be a recom-
mendation to liiem to attempt that,
from whicli ccntlcmen would shrink
with an intuitive disgu-;!.

When Green assaulted Sparihawk.
the Senate treated the outrage as a
matter that did not concern them, l!
was said it would he as proper to inter-
('ere in an atl'ray between two Dray-
men. The perversion of correct judg

CHARACETRS AND CONDUCT.

193

ment whicli induced this sentiment
ouglit tlien (o have been exposed, and
those who acquicscd in its correctness,
or witlioul so acquiescing, permitted it
to pass, iiave found tli.e consequence,
in the attempt of Green's ("ellow labor-
er to attach an equal distinction to him-
self.

The assault upon young Mr. Adorns
is one of those preconceived and delib-
erate outrages, which calls for loud and
decisive reprehension. The proceed-
ings of the majority of Congress with
respect to it ought to tix on the mem-
ber the stigma of continued reproba-
tion, such as is described, by making a
man an o'oject for "/Ae hand of scum to
point its sioic ami movitu; finger at."

Jarvis, who has devoted his talents
to the reprobation of Mr. Adams, per-
sonally and politically, and who aids in
casting upon him tlie most degrading
reproaches, neverdieless feels himself
at liberty to visit Mr. Adams in his
own house. Because it was an occa-
sion of public visiting, Mr. Jarvis seem-
ed to su|>pose that he had a right to
present himself, and that he was en-
titled to civil treatment. His right
was that which w'ant of correct feelings
confers upon an impudent man. — Ci-
vility of treatment the President owed
to himself, and to the nation, whose
representative he is. — But the Presi-
dent had a son — a youth, and probabl}'
nota very di>crect one. This young
man made >ome improper remarks,
very natural for a young man to make,
whose feelings were easily excited, as
every deserving son's ought to be
wlieii his parent is insulted. How
would a discreet man have acted, placed
in the situation of Mr. Jarvis? Either
he would have been deaf lo tlic imper-
tinence, or he should have made it
known to the President, whose dutv it
was to correct his own household, and
make proper atonement for a wrong
committed, iipon such an occasion, by
any member of his family. But in-
stead of pursuing this course, whicli
propriety and decency diclated, Jar-
vis sought a private (juarrel with the
younger Adams. The answer he re-
ceived, that no answer or explanation
would be given, was, most likely, what
he wished: it was ceriainlv what alone

U

he could expect. He then sees Mr.
Adams, in the House of Representa-
tives, delivering a message from the
i'resident to Congress. He goes out
of tlie Hall, and attacks hini in another
apartment, ttirough which Mr. Adams
passed on his way lo the Senate wi h a
m-.'ssage. — He assaults Mr. Adams with
blows — And what lollows? For the
honour of our common nature, for the
honour of our public men, for the hon-
our of our country. 1 wish our aniials
were not to be disgraced with a narra-
tion of what followed.

The assault was \ ommitted on Tues-
da)-. Neither House of Congress took
any cogniz-mce of it, on that day nor on
the next. On Thursday, the President
communicated tlie fact, by message to
Congress. In the Senate, the message
was read and laid on the table. In the
House, it was referred to a select com-
mittee, which was appointed on Friday.
On tlic same day, Mr. Jarvis addressed
a letter of explanation, to the Speaker
of both Houses. It, too, was read and
laid on the table! This letter avowed
the knowledge that Mr. Adams had
brought a message to Congress, which
he had delivered, asserted an intention
to assault liim in tiie Rotundo,not to in-
jure him, but (o pull his nose and slap
his face; — in other words, to disgrace
him. Such arrogance as this is surely
without parallel in the history of legis-
lative bodies. The organ of commu-
nication between the President and
Congress, known to have just delivered
a message, is assaulted, lor the purpose
of disgracing him. The fact is asserted
to those who participate in the dis-
grace, by way of apology, and is by
them received willi conii'la'ency !!!

Few readers of the present day are
not conversant with the entertaining
and instructive Wavcrly novels. The
penalty in which poor Nigel irixolved
himself, by committing an assault, with-
in the roval precincts, is familiar to the
recollection of •■"any. Yet the law
that iiil'icted the penalty was founded
in salutary prii ci|)lcs. Its great ob-
ject was to secure the public peace, in
the vicinity of the sovereign. In our
country, the legislature represents tiie
•iOverei<;n power, and discharges its
fujictioii'. And, when the legislature

194

CHAnACTEns ANDCOTJOrCT.

is in session, it is a higli offence ti. fhis country and himselQ as to assa.ilt
per|>i't rate any kind of outiagc r aim- or insult the Presidoiit.
lu'i-J 10 disturb or inllucnce their d ■ The assault committed upon Mr.
li lie rations. It is called a breach of Adams was a gross breach ofLegisla-
priviluge, as in the famous case of! live privilege, both in respect to the

Jiiha Anderson, who was subjerted to
the jurisdif tioii of the Hou-e, for a

person assaulted, and the place where
ihe assault was commiiled. Aiid the

su|)po>ed attempt to tam|)er with the i reason alleged for it, greatly aggravates

integrity of a member

To assail a member of the Legisla-
ture, or at'y of their otlicers, or persons
in official employ connected with legis-
lation, is a brcaih of privilege. So it is
to raise disturbances and riots, in their
vicinity. And, in all these cases, there
is an inherent power in the Lcgisla

the outrase. It was intended to de-
grade and disgrace the individual that
constituted the organ of communica-
tion between the President and Con-
gress. And it is mere affectation, not
to assert at once what everv one l»-
lieves, that the individual rela'ion is
which the person stood to the Pri-i

ture to puni-hU.e offender, as for a '(^"^"^ V' °''^ ^""'"^^J^.''' '-"\"""'T.''
co..to.npt of privilege, in a summary ^a^e the attack.-The (eeln.gs of tl„

. „ ■ . I father were to be outraged as well a-

mauner. &

those of the patriot.

Now, this privilege does not exist for Xhis relationship constituted a
the personal security of the public of- |rpj,so„^ ^j,,. Congress should have art-
ficers alone— And when It is violated, .d promptly and upon their own mo-
punishment is not inllicted to avenge or ijo,,, Xhey should not have impo-ed
frdress Ihc individual wrong. It ex-^pon the President, the delicate re-
isis for the preservation of the public sponsibility of submittins; tamely to an
safely, the public morals, the public outrage on the public service and
honor, all that is us.ful and dignilitd character, or of incurring the imputa-
in national character. \\ '"en it is tjo,, of |,pi„g^(.,u;j,pd l,v ppr^p,,.,! f^^.j.
tram|)Kd upon and set at naught, every iiij^s.and a desire of revens;e. Magnani-
ma;. in the nation is insulted. A great ^o,j^ ^pn, thoash political opponents,
p.i'dic wrong is committed, which can- io„^ht to have felt what was due to the
not be redressed in the ordinary man- : president, and have relieved him from
ner, but which must be instantly : tijjj unpleasant responsibility. The
puiisbed, so as to restrain others from course pursued evidences a bitterness
a repetition of it. of feeling, and an obliquity of judgment

During the session of Congress the sirkeningand disheartening to a dispas-
Pr'sideiit is a component part of the , sionate mind. Every step taken, up
Li>gislature. He communicates to! to Sunday, April 20, seemed to wear a
them, the subjects that, in his opinion, ' studied aspecfof asgravated insult. —
require legislative provision, and all The insulting letter of Jarvis was laid
legislative acts arc submitted to him ' i|uietlv on the table, bv the side of the
for approbation or rejection. Tlu- ; Pre--idi'nt"s message. No sleps were
same privileges, therefore, extend to taken to vindicate the outraged laws-
him and his organ of communication , In the Senate, both rested like a bad
with Congress, as it is extended to the penny nailed to the counter as counter-
members and their officers. When feit. In the House, t.ic select eommii-
Coiigress is not in session. Ihe President ' tec nesjli'ded taking any steps. Thus
being a mere ministerial officer in | deliberately manifesting a total in-
cxecutintj; the laws, has no pri\ilegf I ditference to their own characters, and
attached to him. No provision has i to that of the country. Asa party
been made to protect him or thosi- man, wishing to see the followers of
whom he employs from insult, because, j Gen. Jackson exhibit, by pregnant
heretofore, it would have been con- proofs, their principles and foeliiiirs. I
sidered a caliimi.y upon our country- am well pleased at tlie cour-e thev hav(
im-n. to all.ge that anyone of them, i pursued. The pei^ple can see, though
could solar forget what was due to ihe leaders at Washioston are blind —

CHARACTERS & CONDUCT.— JOHN HAKRIS.

195

Aiid tlie people will not sanction this
kind of insult lo the national character,
to indulge the Kditorsottlie Telegrupli.
iti lining that with impunity which
would cover a man ol" good characier
witli in/amy. Had the Jackson men
promptl\ denounced the outrage, had
they immediately called Jarvis to ac-
cou:it. and inflicted summary pulli^il-
ment upon liim, they might have turn-
ed Ihe thing to some accouiit. Tneir
adherents might have said — There
was too much magnanimity to let party-
predilections inllui'nce the Jacksonians.

By this example, the apprehension that ' foim
the Jacksoaiaiis would indulge in, or
encourage violence, is put to tligltl. —

The letter bearing dale 4th of Sep-
tember, 182G, was lirst puijlished in
llie Bahiinore Repiudican. The sub-
|i)ined extracts .tre ciijiied iVoni Miles'
Register, June 23nl, 1827. p. -'S'i.

"Truth is might} and sliall prevail.
Intrigue and management, iiicapal)le ot
blind-lijlding tiie virtuous yeomanry of
m\ country, will fail of their ends; nor
can tliey impose any otiier ta>k on me
than that ol defending myself against
tlieir imputations, whenever the au-
tiiois cIioojc to unmask thenu-elvos — a
task which I am' always ready to per-

" The cause that you allude to might as
well be ascribed to tlie President o! the

As it is, the converse of these asser-^ United States, as commai.der-in-chief
tions may be justly proclaimed. All i of the land and naval forces, as to me;
is given up to party; and the present; but as you ask for a statement of facts,
instruments, are not ordy used, but i I send tiiem in a concise form.

countenanced, protected, and cherish-
ed.

JOHN HARRIS.

Tolhc editor o[tlu. (Ktnlxu.k;i) Riporler.

1 deem it necessary to make a true
statement of the case of John Harris,

"In the year 1814, Col. Pipkin at the
head of hisdrafted militia, was charged
with the defence of fort Jackson, in the
heart of the Creek nation, and within
my mililary district. Whilst thus in
command, part of his regiment muti-
nied. At the head of this mutiny was
a Mr. Harris, a preacher, and, as my
memory now serves me. of tlie Baptist

one of the six militiamen who were , prof(^ssion. He broke open tlie corn-
shot at Mobile. I slionid not have missary stores, knocked out tlie heads

troubled the public but for th'; com-
motion many niistatemenls have thrown
our country into. 1 did not know this
was the case until lately, and it seems
to have been by accident that I heard
tl. \\ e had declined taking anv news-

of the flour barrels, taking what he
wanted, and destroying wliat he pleas-
ed— proceeded then to the bake-house,
and set it on (ire, and marched olFiiv
open defiance of the Colonel, leaving
the garrison without provisions, and so
papers, and were surrounded by Gen. | weakened by desertion, that it might
Jackson's friends. M\ brother James i have fallen a sacrifice to the Indians,
was enipiired of. if lie was the so.n of j I was then at Mobile. Informed of
JMr. Harris tliat was executed at Mo- this mutiny and outrage by express, 1

bile; and if he had heard what .'ack-

ordered the mutineers and deserters to

son and others were S"ying about him be pursued, a|)prohcndcd. and brought
in the public prints. } baik for trial. The ringleaders, Har-

I determined to see what had been ; ris at tlieir lit^ad, after some time, were
-aid, and was favored with newspapers apprehended and bniugiit to Mobile in
by mv friends. i irons, after I had left tiierc for New-

Of all the statements that 1 have
seen, those made by General Jackson,
in a letter to a gentleman in Balti-
more, and in a letter to Mr. Owens in
Keiitucky. are the most de-titute of
truth. The first letter is a pack of in-
famous lies, that a heathen would shud-
der to tell; and part of the otiier 1 can
prove to be false.

Orleans, and had charged General
Winchester with the command of that
section of the country. They were
tried by a Court Martial, and condemn-
ed to die — live were shot and the bal-
ance pardoned. The others who had
deserted, before they reached home,
became alarmed at their situation, re-
turned before Harris and his party

iga

JOHN HARRLS.

Were arrested, joined me and were for- 1 he ought to be guided by establislied
given — were witii me wiicii [ marclied- facts, not by the hearsiiy of any lioiiv.''

to Pe:.sacola in 1814; followed me,
thence to New Orleans, wiien they re-
gained their former good, character by
their valorou> and soldiery cotiduct.
and were honorably dischartred.

The bakehoufp was thrown into the
river four or five weelcs hei'ore they left
tiierc, or had any thought of coming
home; nor did my fatiier have any
band in it, or know of it when it wa:

These proceedings are on tile in the | done,
department of war, where those who Late in the year 1813, my brotlier
wish for truth, can be informed by ap-j James cnrolhd himself; he was then
plying to the record. | 16 years old; and shortly after our

"It is for the public to judge, whether house was burnt, and we moved on tl>c
this professed embassador of Christ,! Indian la d, about eight miles from
did not well deserve' death for the i where we lived, to a t-alt peirc cave,
crimes of robbery and arson; and this where my father had a fur. .ace to make
outrageous mutiny, which jeopardized! petre. Not long afterwards, James
not only the remainder of the garrison! was drafted in his old company. —
from its exposed situation, but the' Father, thinking him too young to go
safety of our country — and whether ^ without protection, took the place of
this wolf in shee|)'s clothing was not aj Samuel ^herrel, and went with him.
fit subject of example. Harris whenj After thev had fer\ed three months,
condemned to die, acknowledged the | my father, believing their time was out,
justice of his condemnation, and stated land getting no satislaction from his of-
he had no hope of a pardon here, but jficers, came home, not '•»« open defiance
that he had of forgiveness hereafter — of the Colonel" but nfler giving up Aj?

which I trust he obtained, through the
mediation of our blessed Saviour, and
a sincere repentance of his i rimes that
broiight on Irim his condemnation.

"Let it be recollected, that this mu-
tiny occured at a period «hcn every
nerve of our country was strained to
protect it from ihc invasion of an over-
wlielniing Bi itisli force, whose agdts
were then engaged in stirring up the
Creeks to the indiscriminate murder of
our defenceless border citizens. These
are the facts of the case, for your in-
formation."

1 set out with Jackson's motto —
"Truth is miglnyand shall prevail."'

1. Gc'i. Jackson says, Harris '"broke
open the conunissary stores, knocked
out the heads of the Hour barrels;
taking what he wanted, and destroying
what he pleased — proceeded then to
tlie bakeliou-e, and set it on fire, and

gun and lifting his receipt.

Soon after he got home, he learnt
that Gen. Jackson had ordered them
back by express. He stayed at home
three or four days, and started back of
hii oun aceord. Many of his neigbours-
tried to prevail on him to keep out of
the way; and every means was ollered
him to iiave done so, till tlie heat of
passion had subsided; hut he rciused,
and frequently s;iid, that lie was con-
scious for what they had done they
could not be hurt, and that he feared
notliing even before the most preju-
diced court martial, excepi one thing;
that was a paper on which he li.id talcen
down the names of th.ose that wore
going home, though he had no fears
from ihol. if they would give him /u.v/^rr.

Col. Pipkin had told some of the men.
if they vtould go home wiiether or not,
and would give him tiieir names, he

marched otf in open defiaiice of the I would make provision for tlum to draw

rations. If I had any confidence in the
Coloners oath, I would ask him if lie
ever made any such statements or not.
This is the paper above alluded to.
^Vhen mv liiher started to trial. I

Colonel." Now, not a word of this
is true. See John May's certificate
below, and the charges lor which he
\v;is tried hy the Court Martial. Gen.
Jarksoti ought to ha\e recollected. "As

a public or private man, speaking of; went with him ton or twelve miles. —
tran-actions which concern the rejiuta- 1 AVe passed the house o( op.e Salmon,
tion and character of others, every who said he had come hack for the
oianlv feeling should remind him, that men. My father stopped and fold him

JOHN HARRIS.

107

he was going back; and Salmon told
mv father if ho would wait a diiy or
two at Wiiicliester, which was about
fourteen inibjs from there, they would
go togetlier. My father waited a day.
Some of his friends ])er.«uaded him to
enli>t; hut he-refused to do it, because
he tliought himself in no danger. —

of forgiveness hereafter." And in his
letter to Mr. Owens ol Kentucky, that
this man (Harris) never wrote but one
letter to me that 1 ever saw or beard of
boiore this publication, and in that he
acknowledged himself guilty of the en-
ormous crimes charged against him,
and stated bis willingness to meet the

They tlien went on to Fort Jackson, i just sentence of tlie court." It is in-
when they gave up to Col. Hart. I i human to suppose this to be true^ and
have lately been told that Salmon gave ill so, why docs he suppress the letter?
him upas a prisoner, which I do i;ol' My lirother James was with him all
believe: But 1 will be able to state; the timt;, and of course knew the se-
explicitly before b.r.g. Col. Hart was crets of his breast; and he licard of no
on piiradc and about to marcl) for Mo- such acknowledgment nor saw any
bile when they arrived. Tliey went such letter.

■with Hart, who, to add to the fatigue j Read the words of my father in a
of mv liither, I am ti>ld, had him hand-! farewell letter to my mother: Dear
cufled. In two or three days.as I un- wile, I take this opportunity of writing
der-tand, they were taken off. Aftertoyou (or the last time. / «;;rrf ....
the\ got to Mobile and had tiieir trial, / (•/)'(/ 7iot expect to have had this mcful
and they knew the decree of the court | iiejcsto 7cntc to you; but my sentence is
martial, my father was advised to wiite! come, to-morrow, by 12 o'clock, which
to Gen. Jackson himself, as he was ac-| is an awful thing to think of."'
quainted with the General, aiid tostate After 1 saw the statemenis of Jack-
the circumstances under which he was; son, I wrote to him, requesting him to
tried and the situation be left home, j give me his reasons for making them,
and pray him for a pardon or at least ' ar.d to send n^e the contents of tiie let-
a new hearing. Afier he wrote liis , tors addressed to him by my father. —
first letter to Gen. Jackson, his friends As vet I have received no answer or

wrote another, petitioning for a re
prieve.

Gen. Jackson, in the most unrelent-
ing manner, ctiarges my father ''of
robbery and arson." I have previous-
ly di-^j)rovcd this savage charge. He
audaciously asks "whether this wolf in
sheep's clothiiig was not a fit subject
of example." "Idid hope, that a liber-
al and ffencrous feeling on the part of
Gei'. Jackson, "would show" the char-

satisfaction. This seems to be a 'task'
that he Is not "always ready to per-
form."

1 am a citizen of Lawrence county,
Alal)ama. If any one wishes to scru-
tinize what I have said, he can call
and he shall have satisfaction.

JOHN HARRIS.

I do hereby certify, that some years
before the last war, I was acquainted
with Joiin Harris in Franklin county,

acter of mv deceased fatlier, "at least"' ; Tennessee, and that he was tliere elect
as far as "those assaults which slander jed Coroner of the said county, and
and lalsehood delight to inflict. In I served in that capacity; and that as
that I have been"' egregiously "dis- 1 far as I knew, he supported a good
appointed." IMy father was an honest j moral character. Given under my
man and a kind and protecting father; hand, this 18th March. I82f5

which can 1)0 proved by many of Jack
son's friends. [See a certificate be
low.] And 1 boldly say, if he had jus-
tice, he would be "o fU subject of ex-
ample.'''

Jackson has the eflfronlery to state
in the face of the world that " Harris,

JAMKSM'CORD.

Sliite of Alahnma., L,(mreitce county.
This day personally appeared be-
fore me, Samuel Irwin, an acting just-
ice of the peace in and for said county,
John May, and after beingduly swore,
deposeth and sayeth, that as much of

when condemned to die, acknowledged General Jackson's statement in Niles'
the justice of his condemiiation, and Register, June 23d, 1827, as relates to
stated he had no hope here, but he had Harris' breaking open the commissary

10*

JOHN DAItRIS.— THE tXRIFF.

store and knocking out the heads of the
flour barrels, and taking what he w;iiit-
ed and deslrojiiig what he pleai-id. IS
FALbK; that he ncitliir took nor dtf-
troyi'd; and as for burning the bake-
house, it is ALSO FALSE- and tlie
said John May further slates o'l oath,
that he belonged to the same company
and was there at the time Harris kfi
there,

JOHN MAY. .

Sworn to and suhscribcd bclbre me,
this the 2Glh of February, 1828.

Samuel Irwi.v, J. P.

JOHN HARRIS'S LAST LKTTER
TO HIS WIFL.

(a literal copy.)
February 15, \S\ 5, Mobile, Fori Char-
Me.
Dear wife. I Take the oppurtuniU
of Writing to you for the Last timeas'l
exspcct and is well at present thanks
Be to God for his Mercys and I Hope
these Lines May find jou and all the
rest in helth 1 Did not exspect to Have
Had this awlul news lo awrote to you
Bui my sentence is Com and to Mor-
row I have to encounter Death to Mor-
row by twehe o'clock whitch is an
a^vful thing to think of and I Know
from your Tenderness to me as a wife
to a Husband Has been so Greale that
it must be a Gieaf to you anil as such I
yyish you to Meet it witli as mucii foiti-
tude as posable I !iope we >liall meet
again in tlie worlds above I wish you
to Do all y ou Can to Keep my Children
to gather if possible James lias promis-
ed me that He yvill Stayyvith you and
I flope that my other Two Sons
Charl -s and Joim" will Do all they Can
to Keep IlierLiitle Sisters and Broth-
ers from suthriiigl wish you as soon as
Jame> Return- to Mooye into the set-
tements and Do the best you Can for
yourselves it Grieves me Hard lo part
yvilhyouall Bull must IU>i>rn to God
and wo Have to part some time and as
such I H<»pe you will Bring mv LiKle
son up in the learofGod and my Little
Daughters also whitch from vour Con-
duct I have no Reason to i)oubt But
my Little sons you arc yongand Cirow-
in up into Life Be ccarfull of \yhat
kind of Company you ki'cp and never
Brjiig yourtcUes to any ])isgracc

j Learn in time of youth to Ix>ve Boalh
1 Gi-iceaid truth my mi iHs pestired a d
I Can not write as I would wish R. m m-
ber me to all inquiring friends so my
. Dear wife and Children I h^d you a Due
t^;is from your Loving Hu>band and
Father untel Death

JOHN HARRIS?
Mrs Polly Harriss.

THE TARIFF.

The Tariff Bill, prupan-ii by the Jacksoi.
pretended tariff uien.of Xiw Vi.rlt and Heun-
-vlvania, pas>etl the House of UeprL>eniati\ei
on lUe 21st, by a vote ol 105 to 94. 1 be 5>.ulh-
ern anti-tarill" men all voted against it, and
«ora<- lew frienilf ol' ll.e AJuiinistrution, who
conceived its provii-i.-ns too unjust and ui.eijual
to warrant them in fu;.poitiiig it.

Our reader.- rccullect, thai at the laft fes.<ioB
ol'CoDgress a bill was before that boily for pro-
tecting the growing and munufactunnK ol wool.
It was 0|)pose<l bj the South, and finally de-
feated by their votes. Certain Jacksoniaus,
»f Pennsylvania and New York, also lent a
hdpinir hand to kill it. This brought (hini in-
to trouble, anil a eomplaiiit was made that the
measure was cast into Congress a- an apple of
discord. The fnenils, however, ol dome-tic in-
dustry, detetmineii to inake an effort to pro-
cure iroin Congress p<iual and efficient pruttc-
tiou for woollens mamifactHres, wool, iron and
other articles. To insure unity of obitctnnd
c.>ncerl in action, they determined to bold a
eoiiviiition, that the wanU and views of till
might be the better understood by communica-
tion with each other. The convention at Har-
risburgh was proposed: but the Jacksoiiians
immediately took the alarm, and denounced
the mea-ure .is a mere party trick. Th« ir con-
duct in Cincinnati »vas a spe-cimen of their
doings every where. They broke uji, by vio-
lence and noise, a meeting contencd to chusc
delegates. Kinding they had gone too lar, they
called a meeting at a distant day. They met,
agreed upon a ranting and fusti;in n port in fa-
vour of protecting manufactures, proposed some
plan of a tariff, that none, who understood (lie
subject, believed feasible, agreed upon a nieiuo-
rial to Congress in support of it, appointed com-
mittees to obtain suhscriber>, and there the
thing end 'd. Nothing more was done : and all
this " trtar and tear of braiiu"' w as iindergunc
for the pur|>ose of putting a deceitful face upon
their real views, which were to court Southern
support for Gen. Jackson.

\Micn Congress met, the .'acksonians from

THE TAniFF.

IM

fruiu lU ancient and 6rm friends; and the hue
and crv was sosn raised that tbe administration

The ef-

.. A-Yor , PeoDsjlvan.:., Kenluckj and Ohio, , .lumtd Vike tamiot to haxtil ionenow and be ta-
uniTed m electing a Jack^oniai. Anti-Tanii *«" ""'"'*;»"'-'•' , . ..

Speaker: who appomted a Jacksonian Coma^t- >otw.lt^u.nd..^ these open and undisgn.aed
te^ of Manufaclures pr. UM...in< to De favora- evidenct-s of settled hostilitj , the pretended ta-

. . Ti ;. i--.r..,...ii/.«. rpru.rip.1 -^ riH" Jaf^ksoiiinns of New York, Pcnc«}lTania,

blf to protection. 1 bis l^omiinltee rcp<'rieo t . , ~. . . ..i

bill ..y no means agreeable to the views of tbe | Kentuck, and Ohio, conunued to vote with the
real fnends of protection to Domestic ludustrj . j eue.i.ies of tbe system against everj proposition
Tbe object of this bill wis well uad T'tooit. It i
was intended to compel a larse portiui. of the I

true fnends of the svsteio to v,.te ;.ga.H-t it, an.l ' tad determined to destroy the tanff.
thu. defeat a Tariff =ind cast the blame ujK)n | ''ront"}' *''h which this assertion was made was
the friends of the admin.straUo.i. \ i" character with Uie whole proceeding of the

In tbe proCTPss of the bil ,thi5 object became ] party,
obvious and manifest to th. most ordinary under | The Telegraph started the accusation, which
standing. Every amendment, proposeu bj Oie ! -^as re-terated in regular progression, in every
supporters of th.- .dm.Mstraiion, was voted •"rectio" ''""> t^^ capitol. We bad the follow-
down, by tl,c combine.! and unile,! f.rces of tbe '"f «l't""> °f " '"''■« '" Cincinnati :

r 11 T s- c.^ ik,..^....!!. <ifiH ih» "It 15 njw reduced to a moral certainty, that
enemies of all Tann, from Ihetuuib, ana tne . . , . - . ■ r^ '.V .l

'^" " .^ a- r I, I the -Xdministration party in Congress, With the

Jack«jniaii pr. teudeil-Tanff mcn,^m tXh" : ,riu„virate Adams, Clay and Webster at their
states. In thecourseofthedebate, tlvp^llowi.j jjj.a,l^ are deierminetl to defeat the tariff bill
language was openly held on the floor of the now before the Jialional Legisl.tiin "'
House of Represontatiies, by the avowed op

pooeottof ttie pm.ciple:

" Mr. Gii-MER said that he voted, and should

A'at. Repvi.

The following in Baltimore :
" A friend writes me iVom Washineton, that

vote, to keep oi. the ihjties en herai-, iron, rum « ^jje Adams jarty mean to kill the Tariff,"'
and molasses, to Uacti Uiote trlio are for a Ta iff that "there is no doubt nl it,"' and (hat our Mr.

the nmetfuenctt /it. He sain that uiisi'jutd
fiiialiy T'lU aaainst the :thole bill — that hr had
found itrli.licult to briiif hi* min.! tn |.urst:e this
s>-leiii of It-.islalion; buldsthe^ wanted a Ta-
riff he wa^ for makiDsr it ge eral, aii'l il it wa'
all made uniform and consistent, it a-as lite b< tl
vay in deftat il.

"Mr. Cii!BEEi.E>G said that ke thiywd nolrole
for Vie bill, but be wished it to bf fill mail parLSi

N'lles ir tliere j leldjng them all the a'si^tance in
his power.'' Bait. Rcpxii.

The letter writers from Washington gave
their assistance. The following is a specimen,
which is copied from the American SeiUirul of
Philadelphia.

" Exlrarl of a lelUr to the Editors., doled

of tlie country that wire for 1 Tar:ir. He trotdd \ Washi."sctos, April 16, 1828.

rok to hare U as obnoxious as it could bet: Mon, j „ .j,^^ ^^^^^^^ .,j,^^t j. j^at the admin.slra-
and in that way to let those understand what il ; ^j^^ ^^^ ^ .^.^ ^^^^^ ^^ j^^t j5,^ tariff bill,
was who were •" f^vor of the schem.^. The ^^^ j^__^ ^^^ .j,^^^. ,, „ ;„ ^,. a,„,rta.ned short-
prmciple be thought It fair to be gov. rued by. | ,y ^„ the S-w"England 6o»oin friends of the
"Mr. Livingston said thnt he wouM not ^ prj.;i,],.„t are against it. Should the bill be
make his peojdi- alone the vi tims nf the tariff ;„j^ some of theadmini'tratiiMi men who voted
pol'cy, and as the hill might pass the Hou-e, ,-„fj,„.,i) have to c/tan^f tA/ir cn/our*. If they
be woulil vote to tax every thing that could should kill th. bill, it will not be the first time
be raistd in the country, an.l let tho=e in lavor | jj^p fia^i .':ave voted in oppo-ition to the .Ameri-
of a Tariff see th" effrctol thesystem. If the | ^an ;'dic* of encouraging our home in lostry.
— : — :.!„ ,„.,^ _„..,! r»..»r,o.> ..-1= „«,.,! iv^r^ll — ; ., j, j- /.,i,^ thpre i- a great tr.iublf- in tbe wig-
wam, and all because ti.e Yankees are unwilling

principle was^o"d for one it was good for all —
He should act on this principle, and by l/ial
■iiirse the uhole must be de/faled.
•• y\r. Mitchell, of South I 'arolina,said that
lUc more ojxprtssire the duties iccre to the great
mass of Utr people^ Uie boru and sineir of th-- eouit-
tri,; the more ann'ovs he teas to tnte for tfiem. —
He voted on that principle. We want no pro-
traction in South Car.'lin I — haiid> uff — keep
Toiir distance. He should not rtmsenl to lessen

to sop their bread, on oniy one side in Foreign
molasses. The .irntri an Hyslem is bad, when
applied to jVcir Ens.land, but goo<i, very good
inde.d, when it operates "exclusively upon tbe
South"'

Notwithstanding all these schemes and pre-
dictions, the administration m.'n have voted for

any of the duties in tfie bill, for that might aid to I Ihe bill. And the wolves in sheep', clothing,
pass it. ! from New \''ork, Pennsylvania, Kentucky and

'•Mr- Weems said that tbey wished it to be Ohio have been reviled and abused by their
made » bitter a p,ll U'at it conld not be sv-allou- j^^^^, g,,^^^ ^.ith„,., „ercy.
- He said they were, he thought, about to ^^^ ^^^^^ .^ .^ ^^,_^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^., ^^ ^

derstand this matter. By the people we do not

But he should vote against il all.

fd.

succeed in it.
at last.

Mr. Camereleng, in reply to Mr. Dwiebt,
of Massachusett-, s aj'l that, if the increased dut
on molatset Itad net berii at last struek o« of the
bill nf 1824, ire should hare bad no tariff of '\S-2A
that it wa- finally arranged -o as to get that <lu-

mcan tbe noisy bablers that lay exclusive claim
to that title. We mean the industriou-, the
peaceful, the thoughtful people — the farmer a^
bis plough — the mechanic working at his trade.

t of fhr V-ill.'andit wfl-pnsse'l— that "tw"" Thev cannot, we trust, fail to understand the

300

THE TAR1FF.~.A NEW LIE.

tnat'er. litre is a tariff bill prepared by tbt
8De[uie« ot the tariff, and adopted by deceitful
and prelcoded friend?. Here is a bill avowi dl_,
madt as exceptionable a! poFsiblo, avowedly
intended to be oppressive, so as to make protec
tioii cost more than il i-> worm, and pre<ervei.
to this form, by the joint cff'.rts of open oppc
nents, and liollow hearted supporters, in th.
hope that Ihf true friends of the country would
defeat it. Hire is an open assertion of this dis-
hon.-stand di-lionorable mode of legislation, to
effrcta polit'cal purpose ; and au equally open
ttenipt, bv a false and unfounded accusation,
to produce tlie intendctl re-ult. We have he.in:
much oC'-coalilion,-' '• rorruption," '' eonspira-
art!,"' without proof. Here they are openly a-
vowed and boasted of :— Surely the good sense
of the real prnjite must see through this piect of
political patchwork, and visit upon those con-
cerned in it their "lue reward.

Although the hill is by no means what it
should be, and niight have been, the friends ol
the adniiiiistration considered it something bet-
ter than the existing law, in a few ( articulars;
and preferred it to no alteration. They there-
fore voted for it In so far as it falls short of
what it outht to have been, the whole blame
rcst=; upon the Jacksionan members from New-
Fork, Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Ohio. The
people of these states will have an opporlunit),
in due season, to pa?? upon the condurt of their
BUfaithful representatives, when no doubt ment:
tektl will be written upon most of them.

After the bill passed, some debate arose about
its title. Mr. Rnndolph su^<;ested that its title
ought to be " a bill to enable the people of a cer-
tain portion of the Union to rob and plunder thf
other as much as they pleased.'''' Such is the o-
pinion entertained by the Jackson leader in
Congress, and out of it too, it would seem, of
this measure. Yet can men of that '■'■portion of
the Union,''' thus slandered, make of themselves
toolsfor this man and his southern compeers to
work witlill — Cin. Gas.

A NKW HE.

ThcNcw-YorUJacksonianshavcgol npa new
lie, on the stale story of the bargain between
Mr. Adams on one part, and Mr. We. stcr in be-
half of the Federalists of the other pari. Itw:is
started at BulTilo and consists of an extract
from a letter said to have been written by the
late Richard Stockton of New-Jersey. The ex-
tract i" as follows :

" Von inquire of me in relation to the pledge,
fiven by Mr. Adams, through Mr. Webster, to
the old federal party. Vn unsophisticated
young man, like yourself, unused to the chi-
canery of politics, might woU enough q'loition

whether a propotitiou of that nature, from aii
apostate, woulil have bscn accepted, or relied
ujjyu, by one in my situation ; whom he had a-
t>iu 'lined, and denounced as plotting treason
:iLainft the public. Vou do me tuo much tion-
'•r, however. That pledge icat made and accep-
ted, and, I icill add, relitd on, too. In truth, we
never had any laith in the apostacy of .Mr. -Ad-
ams— liis principles remained unchanged. For
one, I doubled not thai his altachnieut to the
men uf our faith remained unshaken, unlil af-
ter his preference ul a noted deiuocrat for the
(iifice of <'i-trict i'ldgu was made known. You
know enough . f Ncw-Jersey, tiowever, to know-
that the av'pointmeiilof an wM federalist to that
uliice, would havcbi-cn fatal to his then dubious
interests here ; and perhaps my friends were ask-
ing too much, w!.eu Ibey demaniled Ibe fnilil-
ment of a Vi.luntary pledge. The letter was
showni me at ISisbaiu's, in Trenton, in presence
of iMr. Hupkiiisou and one or Iho others. 1
know Mr. .A.'s hand wri'ing well, anl was per-
fectly siitisIJed of its being genuine, by its txing
interlinedbjj him. Ti.e substance of the pledge
hak b.-en correctly given in the papers. I have
thus rrinkl\ an.-wert.d, in detail, the qne*;lion3
yuii Live pro, sunned ; and, whatever inlhiurice
tlie?e avowal? may Irive upon >our mi'ul, I am
=Hre of being exonerated by you, of inconsisten-
cy, in having changed ground.''

The late Richard Stockton was an honorable
man, aiid it is certainly a great reproach upon
his memory to suppose him the author of so base
a letter as this. It avows, the reader will perceive,
the dishonorable conduct of having been party
to the allege<l bargain with Mr. Adams, and of
having abandoned him and joined Gen. Jack-
son, because -Mr. Adam? did not appoint him
District Judge of .N'ew Jersey, instead of an old
Democrat of good character. Though this is
not avowed in terms, the letter cannot be read
without so interpreting it: and it is tlierefore
very natural that the friends of -Mr. Stockton
should wish to rescue his memory from the im-
putation. The following is copied from the
Trenton Emporium, a Jackson paper of New-
Jersey.

"The followins note, accompanied with the
name of the author, has been handed to us for
publication. \Vc have only to remark that wc
have not seen tlie article alludtil to. — Ed.

"The extriet of a letter, published by one
Wood, editor of a oew^paperat Uutfalo, in the
I State of -New Yi'rk,and by him alleged to have
J been written hv the lale Mr. Stockton, of Prince-
' ton, is und.iiihledly a forgery. The friends of
I the deceaseil hope that the public will not be
I imposed on by so inf.imnns a proceeding. .Mr.
I Justice will please to insert thisnnte, written by
I one who leaves his name, that he may be an-
swerable for ils contents.

.J near connexion of tlie deceased.''''
I Trenton, April 18, I8i3.

This lie is started now and going full speed all
over the union. Like that, about Washington
appointing Jackson attorney lor Tennessee,
which it seems originated also in New York, it
will be repealed and stuck to with determined
pertinacity.— tfr.

TliUTll'J!^ ADVOCATE

AND

MONTHLY ANTI-JACKSON EXPOSITOR.

CINCINNATI, OUIO, JUNE, 1828.

UTERATURE & PniNCIPLES.

The following letter iVoin General
.Tackson', was writien in 1812, before
lie had become a great man, except ii;
'rcnnessec. It exhibits him a? he realh
i>, illiterate, vulgar and violent. As a
piece of composition it would be dis-
creditable to a school boy of twelve
■years old. We speak of the ortliogra-
phy, of the proper points, and of the
use of capital letters. The grammati-
cal errors in concord, government, and
punctuation, cannot be noticed by any
distinctive mark. The ordinary read-
er cannot fail to detect many of them,
as they arc of so gross a character. —
The spelling is more easily exposed,
and we have accordingly printed in
SMALL CAPITALS, the words that are not
spelt correctly. Our readers are thus
enabled to decide at a glance upon tliis
matter. Although the General may

sary to extend our comments upon a
document, which, in almost every
word, speaks so loudly the desperate
and reckless character of the man who
wrote it.

The Honorable

George W Campbell Esq

Sir

You will receive herewith inclosed,
the certificate of John Gordon and
Major Thomas G. Bradford editor of
the Clareon on the Subject of the card
bearing date September 1 Ith 1 812 pub-
lished in the Clareon on the 26lh of
Sept. 1812 from Silas Diusmore united
States agent to the Chocktaw nation
being in the proper hand writing of
the said Silas Dinsmore you will also
receive enclosed, the paper of the 2Gth.
Sept. containing the card of Mr. Dins-
more which I bog you to lay before

not spell Congress with a K, it will he i the Sf.cratarv of War, as soon as the
seen he reverses that mode of spelling, j re;ich you, and I beg you to conimuni-
by spelling Kaskaskia with a C. jcate to me wittiout delay his determi-

Tlie illiteracy of Gen. Jackson is nation as it rf.spect tiic remov;il of Mr.

now so fully proven, that the most in
telligent of his supporters give it up

Dinsmore. When I rf.cd your letter
of the 10th of April last inclosing me

But by way of apology, they have tlis-'an extract of the Sf.cratary of ^Vars
covered that the great Duke of Marl- 1 letter to Silas Dinsmore agent to the

borough, who foiled and so often de-
feated the armies of Lous the XIV,
could not spell, consequently they
seem to infer that ignorance is proof

Chocktaw nation, I. nor the citizens of
West Tennessee, hesitated not, to be-
lieve that Silas Dinsmore would cease
to exercise over our citizens such law-

of greatness. So much for that. It {less tyranny as he had been in the hab-
comes however, from Virginia. But litof, and tliat our peacefull and hon-
wc jiresume it will hardly be swallow- 1 est citizen* would be left to enjoy the
ed by the people of the free states, j free and unmolested use of that road
who have taken so much pains, and as secured to them by treaty — you can
spent so much money to diffuse inform-! easily Judge and so can the [Secre]-
ation by establishing a system of free Itary of War, our surprise and indigna-
schools. The principles'of this letter ition, at the wan[lon iiijsult offered to
are as wicked as its composition is! the whole citizens of West Tennessee
wretched. It threatens murder and by the publication of his card in the
ar-on with as little ceremony as if they iClarion — in which he boasts — that he
W( TC mere ordinarv events. He would !has set at defiance the Solfm treaty that
"/(i-.o/re Silris Din'smor' in thfjlamca f/j secures to our citizens and those of the
hif own nfrency hmisc."' This would be United States the free and unmolested
taking the law in his own hands with | use of that road as well as the express
1 vengeance, fnitwe hold it unneres-l inptriicHon= of the SEcnATAnv of Wttt

V

HKi

LrlTEK.l'rURE AND PRINCIPLES.

of the 23rd of March last, acid boast
liis detention of ;i defenceless woin^nii
;uid her property — and for irliiil ! the
waiit ofa passport — /"and mij go(l\ is it
come to tlii:- — are yfcfrte men or arc a-
Slaves is ihis real or is it a dream — lor
what are we involved in a War with
great Brituiti — is it not for the Support
of our ri};hts a? an independant pcc;ple
and a nation, Secured to us by nature
and natures god as well as Sollm
treaties and the law of nations — arid
can the Secrat\rv of war, for one mo-
ment retain the idea, that we will |)er-
mit this petty Tyrant to Sport with our
riglits secured to us by treaty and
wliicli by the law of nature we do pos-
sess— and Sport witli our feelings by
publishing his Inwkss lyranny exercised
over a helpless and unproleeted female —
if he does he thinks too meanly of our
Patriotism and galaxtry — were w<»
base A\ouGH to Surrender our indepen-
dant rights Secured tons bv the brave-
ry and blood of our lore fathers, we arc
unworthy the name o( freemen — and wc
view all rights Secured to us by Solem
treaty, under the constituted autiiority,
rights Secured to us by the blood of
oar fathers and which we will never
vield but with our live.-, — Tiie iiidigna-
tioiiof our Citizens are only restrained
by assurances lljat gove"nincnt so Soon
as they arc notified of tnis utiwarraiita-
Lle insult, added to the many injuries
that Silas Dinsmore has h'.-aped upon
our lioncsi and unofevdixg Cifiz.'iis,
that he will be removed — Should we
he docieved in this, he fran/c with the
SiXRATARV of war that we are free
men, and that v.e will Sui'Ort the su-
premacy of the laws, and that the
wrath and indignation of our ciiiizens
will swELi'K from the earth the inva-
der of their b'gal rights and involve
Silas Din'imore in the ihuiios of his a-
geiii-y house — we love order, and noth-
ing but a SupoRT of our legal and ina-
lienable rights would or could prompt
us to an act, that could be construed a^^
wearing the ajipearancc of rashness —
nut Siiould not the Source of tiie evil
be removed, our. rights secured i)V
tr('a[ty ristjored to our citizens — the
agent, and bis houses will [bej demol-
isiied — and when government is ap-
plied to- and 60 oftcu notified of the iii-

I juries heaped upon our Citizens and
;hcy will adhere to the agent who de-
Ights in treading under loot the rights
'ol the Citizens, and exults in their dis-
I tres.-es — the evil be upon the goveru-
inent not upon the people who l.ave So
lofien complained without redress — we
nally hope tliat tiie evil will be cut otT
I by the root, by a removal of the agent,
I should this not be done v.e will have a
right faiilv to conclude that the admin-
j istration wiidis at tiie agents conduct
under the rose, iiotwithstanding the iii-
. structions of the Secratary in his Ict-
' ter to Mr. Diismore of the 33id of
'march — the right of nature occurs —
and if redress is not afforded. I would
, despise the wretch that Slumber ia
i QUt-T one night before he ruTT up bj
, the roots the invader of his Solem rights,
reguardless of consequences — let not
j the Secratarv of AVar believe that we
want more than Justice, but both .Vom
iDiA.vs and indiaii ngents, we will enjoy
tlie rights secured to us Solem treaty
orwe'nill die nobly in their Support,
we want but a bare fulfilment of the
treaty — we neither under Stand the
Tyranny of the agent in open violation
of our rights Secured to us by treaty
— or the Creek law, that takes fronj
the United States the right guaran-
tied by treaty that the ii;dians who
commit murders on oar Ci'izens, shall
be delivered up when demanded, to
I be tried by the laws of the united
! States & punished — the Creek luzv so^j
! the Creeks xcill punish thenu, ihemsehes —
These innovation without the consent
of the constituted power of the gov-
jernment being tirst had our citizens do
not understand, the information of
Colo Hawkins U. S. agent for the
Creeks and the information of Genl
James Robinson agent of the Chick
asaw Nation, to the contrary notwiih-
I standing neithei can we the citizens of
I Tennessee believe without better
raooPF that the hair of the head of
one of the nuirderere of Maniocs I'lm-
ily and Crawleys at the mouth of
Duck river are disturbed by the creeks,
when we have proof that they lately
jiassed near to Caskaskia fifteen in
number to Join the Prophet — In this
parlicluar we want and do expect the
murderers delivered up acrkeable ta

IITTIR ITtBE A rniKTCIPtES. GEN. JACKSON & COt BlfKR.

203

leagues or tools of Burr, also excited
some surprise, and when, in 1817, he
provoked tlici'olJDwing retort from Gen.
Adair,meiiof caiidorcouKl notbut recoi-
led and admil liicrc \va< Mimetliinc of
suspicion attached to him in that busi-
ness,

"Extract of a letter wiitten by Gen.
Adair of Kentucky, to Gen. Jackson,
1817.

''Wliatever were the intentions of

Col. Burr, I neither organized troops,

nor did I superintend ilie building of

,.,.,,. . boats for him; nor did 1 write confi-

Uvo Subjects that has for some tm.e ^j^,,,^;.,, ^^.^^^.^^ rerom.nendiMg him to

my tViends; nor did I think it necessa-

treaty — this is only Justice this we ask
of Government — this we are entitled
to, and this we must (Sooner or later)
and will have — This may be thought
strong lar.guage — Init it is the lan-
guage that freemen when the are only
claiming a fulrilment of their right>
ought to use — it is a language that
TUF. ought to be tought to lisp from
(iieir CREDLES — and never when they
•ire claiming rights of any nation ever

to abandon

Pardon tile trouble I have given you
in this long letter — it relates to tlie

luiTATED the publick mind, and is now

readv to burst Ibrth in vrxcENCE — I

am Dr sir with due regard

Yr mo ol) sent

^Signed) AiNDREW JACKSON.

JACKSON AND Btnn.

During the late Presidential canvass
1 suggestion was made that General
Jackson had been engaged with Col.
Burr, in his conspiracy, whatever it
was, against the uiiioii or against Mexi-
co. At that time very little was known
of General Jackson, especially of
his history before the commencement
of his career, in tlio late war. The
public were unwilling to listen to anv
suggestion of this nature against him.
But the events that have since trans-
pired and the developemcnts which
have taken place of previous transac-
tions have produced great changes of
opinion as to the character of General
Jackson.

One of the first circumstances tliat
excited surprise was the f ict that Gen-
eral Jackson should be upon terms of
intimacy with Samuel Swartwout, who
was notoriously one of Burr's agents
and instruments. It was to this per-
sonage th;il Gen. Jackson poured out
his complaints, as to a bosom friend,
upon the subject of being disappoint-
ed in obtaining tiie Presidencv. This
naturally excited remark,forMr. Swart-
wout had not been in very favorable
odour, with the public, from the day of
his discharge from an arcu-ation of
high treason. The assimilation of
General Jackson, with many of the col-

ry, after his followers were universally
known, tornisf myxrlfhy lurning'ivSorm-
cr or slate witness."

The accusations here conveved are
too obvious to be mistaken. Tiscy a-
mount in terms to the charge of build-
ing boats, organizing troops, and wri-
ting contidential letters recommending
him. These charges our readers must
remember are made by Gov. Adair.
Tliey are corroliorated by various
pieces of evidence vviiich we shall here
publish. We give first an exti-aclofa
letter recently received in this city, in
which names are mentioned with so
mucli confidence as give strong indica-
tion of truth. It is as follows:

"The following is a charge made by
bv Judge AViltiants, oneof the (Jircuit
Judges of this state, of undisputed ver-
acitv; viz: OCr THAT GENERAL
JACKSON WAS ENGAGED IN
BURR'S CONSPIRACY, & THAT
HE OFFERED HIM (V\illiams)
THE POST OF CAPTAIN IN
BURR'S AR.MY, and said, I will live

OR DIE KV THAT.''

"The rumor reached Virginia and
has created strong excitemf^nt with the
friends of the General. Mr. Donald-
son, his lackev, passed through Cai<-
tliage o:i his way to Judge AVilliams'
Circuit, to get him to contrarlict tiie re-
port, but failed as it was whispered on
ids return." If in these surmises and
extracts we have done General Jack-
son injustice, '-the gentleman can ex-
plain.'''

The fact that Colonel Burr was on
terms of intimacy with General Jack-

^ot

GKN. JACKSO.N AND tUL. BUiCK.

son is proven by reference to an ex-j let his conduct in Richmond show,
tract from :i Nashville paper pulilisli-i where, during Burr's iria!. every body

ed at the time, stating that Burr wa;;
on a visit at the Hermilage, afier sus-
picion had been scattered far and wide
against him. We give this extract aisn
as recently publi^llc•d with comments in
a Staunton paper.

knows the elfort Jaclcsoii made to
shield him from cojiviction, and throw
^11 tiie guilt from tiie shouldei-s of Burr,
on those of General Wilkinson.

These things arc suspicious at least.
Let the people look to it.

CIVIS.

The correctness of the extract is in-
disputable, because it purports to be
copied from the Richmond Enquirer,
which would ti</iD be ready enough to
correct its (alsehood, could it do so.

On the nth of December. 1306.

From the Stattnton Speelalor.
t;E.\. JACKSOX i COL. AARON BURR.

Every body has hcaidof Col. Aaron
Barr, the daring conspirator who once
.-limed at the subversion of our repub-
lic. Every one knows that he was
guilty of tl'.e charges alleged against
him by 'lis country. But everv bodv <^«Pt»'" ^^""^5 Read, wrote a letter
docs not know that General Jack=-on,Mroni Pittsburgh to the Secretary of
whom hispartizansare now endeavor- "''»'■• '^''f'.' ""P'"^''''"'g Gen. Jackson,
ingtoscat in the Presidential chair. P*^*-^ following extracts are from this
was, while that conspiracy was carrjing ! 'ctter.

on, the friend and associate ol Burr. I "Although it maybe impossible for
Tliat while all good and true patriots me to produce evidence of any one of
were in a state of alarm for the safety ; the following circumstance: yell de-
of their government — while every ef-|clare to you upon my honor, that I am
fort was making to apprehend the trai-jmost finnly persuaded of the truth of
tor and briiighim to merited justice, he i them."

was softly reposing under the shades of' "'The associates of Burr are from
the Hermilasje. enjoying the friendship jdiirercnt parts of the Union, ryumy of
and ho-|)itality of our would-be presi-j/Afm zcealthu and ciiUrpmiug njoi, and
dent. 'J'he following extract from (he his friends arc incalculable. Generals

Tennessee Gazette, taken (herefrom
into the Richmond Enquirer of the 'JOth
January, 1807, a paper published then,
as now by Thomas Ritchie, will sen'c

Dayton and JACKSON of Tennessee
and or.c other person not named to me,
arc said to be his chief officers; and
Daniel Clark, of New Orleans, a Mr.

to demonst!at(! as well the relation in I Bleiihcrhasset of 0!)io. and a Mr. Al-

which he stood lotjeneral Jackson: as
the relation in which he stood to the
country.

"Col. Burr arrived on Sunday even-
ing last, at General Jackson's about
9 miles from tins town; and has been i
in this place several times this week.
He appears to be preparing for some
movement, we know not where. —
Should he attempt a-iy hostile move-
ments we will make it knowe."'

Thus it seems that wliile Col. Burr,
'•appeared preparing for some move-
ment," and while the |)eople of Ten-
nessee were every day expecling him
to attemi)t sonic ''hostile movements,'"
he makes General Jackson's house hi*
stopping place, and tlience visits Nash-
ville. Was Jackson a partner in Burr's
conspiracy? We do not sav that. —
But that he was a friend to the traitor.

ston Ills son-in-law, all men of wealth,
.ire among his bankei-s. The states of
Kentucky and Tennessee are entirely
devoted to Colonel Burr, and from
these stales he will acquire considera-
ble bodies of troops to he headed h\
Gen. JACKSt'JN, of the latter, who iiu
doubt before this has marched with a
body of militia under the pretence of
co-operating with General Wilkinson
against the Spaniards on the Sabine.

*'At Natchez they join Col. Burr,
who will, either then, or at some other
point on the !\lississip|)i, raise hisst and-
ard .ind proclaim his intentions, if he
has friends about him. They then de-
scend the river to New Orleans, where
Colo'icl Burr will be joined by Colonel
Swartwout."

The facts asserted hy (hose various
pieces of testimony deduced iVom dif

i;KN. JACKSON AND COL. BITRR. -JACKSON .VND LIVINGSTON. 205

ferent witnesses, in very distant parts
of the country, and at ditfiM-cnt periods
of time, are certain)}- of no light or
trivail character. They affix strong
suspicion on tlic General, and certainly
require explanation. The (|Uostioii
may be asked why was !iot General
Jarkson implicated at the time, aiid
j)roc(?edi'd against by the Government ?
Ge!i. Adair gives the answer. He
turned "informer or State untness.'^ —
He saved himself as Wilkinson did.
But remembers still his old asociates,
in that "high emprise," with afti'ction-
atc regard. Hence his intimacy with
one of its principal agents, Samuel
Swartwout, Esq. And hence the sym-
pathy for him, felt by so many of the
ardent spirits, who iti that day, as in
thi-, were disgusted with ihc" /nil pur-
stiils of ckil lifc.^' This is a case that
calls loudly for the intervention of the
white-washing committee, of Nashville,
who, ^vhen they cannot prove a fact by
witnesses, can certify it themselves.
The public will form their own opinion
of the evidence here submitted; and
determine what must be 'he inference
should it be passed over in silence.
As ihithful chroniclers of the deeds of
General Jackson we have collected
and presented the facts, just as we have
found them in print: To us they pre-
sent a case of strong, and as we think,
well grounded suspicion.

JACKSON & LIVINGSTON.

[Thn letter adilresscd to Ednaid Livingston,
■which is inserted at length in this number of
the Expositor, is a documcMt of more than
ordinary interest. It supplies a key to much
that lias heretofore appeared ainhiixnous in the
chaiacter of Geniral Jackson. We learn from
it, not only that .Mr. Livingston was the writer
of Geu. Jackson's despatches, orders, and de-
fences, but that Mr. Livingston was also his
military and civil adviser. The violences of
Gen. Jackson are traced to the antipathies of
Mr Livingston, and the characters of those
who were the Geni-ral's applauder5,arc fully de-
picted. The whole bears intrinsic evidence of
the truth. The reader will p<rceive. by an at-
tentive perusal of it, how entirely Gen. Jack-
son's character has been misconceived. In-
stead of a man reposing upon himself and con-
fiding in his own powers, he appears a mere in-
strument in the hands of an artful and skilful
manager, who can make him say and do,
whatever interest or revenje may dictate. We
especially request our readors to note the na-
ture of the effiploymeots of Lalitte and hie

band of piratical aesnciatcg. Their absence
would seem to account lot the failure of at-
tention to the General at his recent visit to
New Orleans. What asso'-iales! what follow-
ers for a President of the United States I]

LETTIiR TO
EDW.VRD LIVINGSTON, ESQ.

Sir, — There are professions ar.d vo^
cations in lilc which indispensably re-
quire the aid of certain essential qual-
ities, and without which their follow-
ers never would find out the avenues
to even temporary succe^s, much less
ensure that species of it which is the
landmark of their amtiilion. The
pickpocket who would fail of dexter-
ity, the soldier who is deficient in
courage and intrepidity, and t^ie poli-
tical aspirant who attempts to carry
his schemes into execution, unaided
by a!)ilities of the very first order,
must sooner or later sink into nothing-
ness. Insignificance, if not oblivion,
or the contempt of their contempo-
raries and rivals on the road to pre-
feimcrrt, is their inevitable lot. If the
profession of the law has ever exposed
its practitioners to the iniputation of
sligiit of hand tricks, the charge of a
want of dexterity cannot, assuredl}",
be laid at your door; and as volun-
teer aid to Gen. Jackson, during the
invasion, you have yourself, (the most
expert penman among his satellites,
and the usu;il writer of those official
despatches for which lie gained so
large a share of credit) taken good
care to place your short-lived carecf
as a soldier on record, and at consid-
erable distance from the suspicion of
cowardice, by making the old General
thank his \oluntecr aids for the display
of 'Hheircool bravery and intrepidity."
Without, however, pretending to scru-
tinize your claims to distinction on
these two scores, it is impossible to
overlook the richness of those acquire-
m«^nfs, the splendor of those talents,
which, as an orator and as a writer, a
pleader and a juris-consult, have ever
entitled you to that peculiar admira-
tion, which, in the ordinary phraseolo-
gy of the day, would have been called
boundless, had not the abuse of those
shining qualities, and their misapplica-
tion to purposes of political prostitu-
tion, marked its limits.

200

JtAUKSO.N' Ji^D hlVVmSTOS.

The good and bad folks of Louisiana, i

whom you are so well pleased to call
your constituents, can have had no
dirticulty in discovering a fresh in-
stance of your extniordinarv endow- 1
ments, and of tlie still more cxtraordi-l
nary depravity of taste, of judgment,!
nay,of principle, that has ever directed '
their combmed exercise, in the speech]
held by you at Washington, at the cele- ■
bration of the " glorious 8th of Jan- !
nary."' This speech, by no means one]
of the weakest links of t!)at long chain
of political deception and intrigue, the
forgery of which commenced in your
hands, has been circulated in the Un-
ion, by the Gcncrars partizans, with
great industry; and even the respecta-
ble and highly gifted editor of the >Ja-
tional Gazt-ttc, in selecting the great-
er part for the last page of his No.
1065, (22d January) suffers himself to
be betrayed into an allusion to the his-
torical importance of your testimony,
merely because you were an eye-wit- 1
ness of what you have related. It is j
time to arrest tlie progress of so pal- 1
pablc an error. If to the brilliancy of i
your eloquence, to the (luencv, polish, j
and refinement of your language, to i
the pithy preciscness of your narrative, i
the praise of historical accuracy, of un-
questionable veracity, could be added, [
then indeed, would the speech deliver- 1
ed by you on the 8th of Januaay, pos- ]
sess historical importance. But altho" j
the consummate artifice and skill ;
which lies at llie bottom of this speci- ]
men of your oratory, may escape the '
eye of ordinary scrutiny, it cannot fail'
to strike one, who like myself, has been
for nearly twenty-five years a dispas-
sionate, an unbiassed, and an unsus-
pected observer of your private, pub-
lic, and political llounderings. In the
trancjuility of agricultural pursuits, in
the indulgence ot the utmost indilVer-
cnce towards the petty political squab- 1
bles and party intcigues of this section
of the Union, (in which, by the bye, i
you have never fiiilcd to take an ac- 1
tive and conspicuous part whenever '
you had a chance of doing so) and in '
the retirement of the clo>et, the eye of |
constant, acute observation was not
shut — F have followed you through all
the sinuosities and ramilicatione of

your political ■wanderings with att' .
tion, with interest — with increasi' .
admiration at everv fresh display
your talents, and with increasing r
iiret at every additional prostitutji
and departure from the path of rei
tude. I am able, I am willing, 1 :.
bound to tell the truth. 1, too, 'h;n (
been an eye-witness of all, of much
more than you have, than you could
have related from personal experience
and obsenation; and I owe it to the
land of my nativity, to the country in
which I did not to be sure, receive my
education, but in which my most im-
poitant interests arc at stake, to tear
the veil from that deep laid plot,
wliich as 1 have said before, oriajinaled
entirely with yourself — the plot to
raise Gen. Jackson to tlic Presidency.

The consummate artifice and skill
which lies at the bottom of your ora-
torical display on the 8lh of January,
might be matter of easy di>rovery
where you are known, sufliciently
known to be understood. But not on
all occa-ions did you wear that holi-
day garb, in which you are wont to
appear at Washington, and which, un-
til your great object, the elevation of
Gen. Jack-on to the presidency, is at- '
laiiied. you will continue to wear.
"Dans les grandes c'loses (says that
profound observer of human nature,
Cbampfbrt) les hommes sc montrent
commc il leurconvient de se montrer;
dans les petiles, ils se montreat comme '.
ilssont."' This applies no less to your-
self than with greater force still to
your idiil. All the |)ufrs and f ilsehoods
of party and partizans notwilhstandi. g,
there remained with the reflecting, so-
ber minded part of the great American
community, a deep impression, .an in-
ternal conviction that, setting intre-
pidity aside, all the other qualities of a
great, of a high-miMded man, had been
denied to General Jackson. This you
seem to have felt — this was the blank
that required Idling up. Vet the best
of declamations, the highest colouring
of eloquence will not give a man that
which he does not possess. What ox-
(raordinarv quality of the head and ot*
the heart did this bu<h-figliting, butch-
ering Indian warrior evince previous
to the defence of Ncw-Oi loans ? Yon

JACKSOJf AND IJVINOSTOJf.

207

have not even attempted to cite one
solitary instai ce ol the kind, although
more than twelve lus^trcs liad passed
over the Gen<»rdrs head when he ap-
peared in tliat city. Have all those
great and distinguishing qualities
which you have patched together in
jour speech "prudence, humanity,
creative genius, wisdom, courtesy,
sheerful submission to the laws,"' &.C.
been lying dormant; was there no
symptflm of the existence of any of
them, during so long a period? No,
sir! there was not. But. were your
account, yuur testimony entitled to

long remain in the path which histor-
ical truth would hid you follow; the
moment you attempt to raise the mer-
its of your idol, you deceive your hear-
ers, for it is impossible to think tiial
you could have deceived yourself. —
Not you, indeed, to whom a great part
of the credit of the defence of New-
Orleans is due. From what I have
stated already, you cannot suspect the
sincerity of the declaration, that if
Gen. Jackson was entitled to the praise
of boldness and intrepidity, every sub-
•^equentstep, which had the stamp of de-
liberation, of reflection, of calculation,

faith, the conclusion would be inevita- 1 was your own, wholly and exclusively
bh>, that they had shown Ibrlh all ofa|yourown. It was you. sir, who made the
sudden, in an ctfulgence of glory, dur-Gen'l. familiar with Ihe motley mixture,
ing the defence of New-Orleans — i which is called the population of Lou-
ueithcr before nor after. Every in-|isiana; nor have I forgotten, although
jtancc of prudence, of humanity, ofj others may, that Gen. Jackson's lirst
creative genius, and of courtesy, which' and leading measures were adopted on
you relate, is taken from that short the strength of your advice. The two-
period of the General's life, and fromj fold motive of crushing your old an-
no other; and this is done in the true tagonist (Governor Claiborne) and bit
style of an able pleader, to complete p^'rty, and the far nobler one of dis-
the parallel between Gen. Jackson's; charging the duties of a friend to his

electioneering days, and the times
when the immortal author of the Dec-
laration of American Independence
was raised to the presidential chair —
two men, who have not one single
point of affinity between them.

One part of your eloquent discourse,

country (whicli your aberrancies not-
withstanding, I sincerely believe you
to be) equally influenced your coun-
sels. I am, as you perceive, not dis-
posed to withold from you this passing
tribute of justice, and the impartiality
which it bespeaks, will I trust, offer

and the only one, is entitled to the | the best justification of the necessity,
praise of the' utmost historical correct- j •''nd the best apology for the severity
ness — it is the account which you give of my censure of }our polilical frauds

of the state of our defence at the time
of the appearance of the British squad-
ron in our waters. But that it is not
easy to recognize, in certain expres-
sions, the writer of the General's offi-
cial de>patches, you will not deny;
and the very allusion to national pre-
judices, which, among the sundry in-
habitants of this country, of different
nations and origin, "were converted

and artifices. That the 1500 men —
the only disposable force of the coun-
try— who hastened to meet the enemy,
on the 23d of December, 1814. march-
ed gaily and cheerfully to the rencon-
tre, is true; but it is not true, that they
had "a perfect knowledge that they
were about to attack in tl»e field three
times their numbers." — five hundred
men had been seen about Villere's

into the nobh-st emulation,'' is only a plantation — this is all that was known
repetition of the production of your ''nd said on the subject. And when
own pen in Gen. Jackson's general ad- vou «ay : "that none but such a lead-
dress to the army on the ::ist of Jan- er couid have planned such an attack,''
uary, 1815.* You cannot, however, you seem to ibrget (and indeed you

onlj seem, for you well knew to the

• Thpse are llic words ; "Natives of variou*
oountrics, for the Cr-t time uiiiti-d in one ami
the same cunip, as different from each other ir
Habite a^ in lauguage, tkc«e very cir^amUia-

ece which seemed to contain the ^ccds of dii-
I rust and divi-ion, only became the source o.<
tlic noblest emulatiun.''

L

aoa

JACKSON AND LIVrVtiSTOK.

contrary) that there existed no other!
plan than to meet the enemy, a'nd ;
figlii. Here is Gcii. Jackson's princi-]
pal — here is his only merit. He was '
honest in his determination; he was
sincere in his wish — it was iiis hohby
to fight, at any price, at any hazard.
And this as you triilv say, decided the
fate of the campaign — 'Mt tauglit the
enemy to respect our courage; it led |
liini to overrate our numbers, and i
made iiim wait."' Tlius far I agree]
with you. But tl)e judicious choice !
of the position after th(; attack, was
not tiic General's choice. His inten-
tion, well known in tlic httle band un-|
der his conimand, was to renew tiie
•ittack after the dawn of day; and not
until he learned that two thousand
men more had landed from the British
fleet; not until you had pres.-cd upon
him the cxpcdieiicy of sending fori
Maj. St. Genic, an experienced French !
odicer, who comniand,cd (he second
company, the dismciuntcd dragoons in
Plauche's battalion; not until he had
cautioned the General against the risk ]
of being surrounded by ;i force treble]
in numbers, did you succeed in pre-;
vailing upon him to retreat before day- j
light, and to take up the subsequent i
position, which Maj. St. Gcme had
pointed out, in accordance with the i
opinion of Gen. Moreau, v.ho a few
years before, had visited and surveyed i
the country, and whose experienced j
eye had pitched upon it, as the one af-
fording the greatest facilities for de-|
fence, being little more than half n.
mile in breadth, bordered upon oncj
side by an impenetrable wood, on the
other i)y _ tiie river. Here again was!
your advice of infuiitc value to thC'
country; and althougli yon have sac-!
rificed on the altar of your idol, every j
personal credit which you could have,
claimed on the occa-ion. it is not the|
Jess due to you. But iierc. too. I must;
take leave of every sliareof credit that i
should l)elong to jou. I

To use again your own words: — !
"Let us examine what followed.";
Yes, let us examine those acts, in which |
you think the General evinced all
those great qualities, for which it is
impossible to lind in his own history,
before and atlcr the defence of New-'

Odcans, eitlier precedent or parallel;
and whilst we proceed to this exami-
nation, do not let us overlook that
empty oratorical flourish, that at the
very moment you were on your legs —
to use the fashionable parliamei.tary
language, "a scene was exhibiting at
New-Orleans, which coald have done
honor lo the classic days of Greece."'
What, the intoxication of hall a dozrn
militia oflicers, the shouting of a negro
rabble, the hollow verbosit}' of your
brotlier-iii-law,.Mr.Davez;iC,thespeech-
yfying attempts of the illiterate Marig-
ny, done honor to the classic days of
Greece? The declaration of manial
law at New-Orleans, shortly after the
Generafs arrival, in 1814, was a most
salutary, a saving measure in a commu-
nity made up of so many heterogene-
ous material-, as liie New-Orleans com-
munity was at tliat period, and wiih
-ome modllications for the better, is
still. The knowledge of the adoption
of such a measure alone, was suflicient
— it acted upon the timid, it gave con-
fidence to the courageous, and unity to
tiic military measures whicli were a-
doptcd, and in wliicli the civd aulliori-
ties heartily concurred. Let it be re-
membered, that there was not a sinule
occurrence which rendered its exer-
cise necessary ; the good sense of the
better portion of the community ga\c
an example to the rest; and every body
felt, that Zf^al and alacrity in the de-
fence of the country, were its only -al-
valion. Tiic end whicli the General
had in view, and in the attainment of
which everv body lent a helping hand,
had been arcomplislicd; the remnant
of the British force had been embark-
ed, and the Gcncrars ollicial despatch-
es to government, contained ttiosc
memorable words: "In my opinion,
there is but little doubt (hat the ene-
my's last exer(io!is have been made in
this quarter, at any i^te for (he present
season." Tlie Bri(isl, haxing carried
away some slaves fron> the few planta-
tions upon which tliey had been en-
camped, you were sent by Gen. .lack-
son to visit your old friend Admiral
Cochrane, in company with Mr. R. D.
Sju'pherd and Mr. M. Wiiite. to make
an attempt at redeeming them; and on
your return from this visit to the Bri!

JACKSON AND LIVINGSTON.

209

liih fleet, you brouglittlicdlUci.il account | and actually French subjects, and had

not taken the oath of allegiance to the
United States; whereby (hey would,
It was generally understood, become
exonerated tVotn the jien'ormance of
militia duty. The French Consul, re-
lying upon the GeneraTs permission,
obejed his instructions; but the Gen-
eral, declaring that he had not, to be
sure, objected to the issuing of those
ceriiticates, but that he had not
pledged himself to respect them, disre-
garded the enoouragem<;nt which he
had given; and now the -'cloven foot**
began to be exhibited — the arrests com-
menced. Mr. Louaillier, a member of
the Legislature, was arrested on the
5th of March (fully three weeks after
the General knew of the signing of the

of the signint; of the Ghent treaty,
fihicli Admiral Co( hrane liad put into
your hands. Messrs. Shepherd and
tVhite were not restrained from telhng
this piece of intelligence, but nolhing
authentic could be known from Head-
quarters— tlic General's aulic council
sat in conclave, and with him, as
well as witii his volunteer-aids, the
leading sentiment was regret at the
necessity of relinquishing so soon, '>the
little brief authority"' which had been
assumed. (2)

It was now that the citizens of New-
Orleans were told that the ivhok town
formed a part of the General's camp,
and that they were to feel the severity
of martial law. On the 21st of Janu-

ary, the encampment below the city, Ghent treaty) for complaining of the
which had been so emphatically called I General's treatment to the French sub-»
"Jackson Linos," was abandoned. — jects: Judge Dom. A. Hall was ar-
The troops actually engaged in the ' rested for issuing a writ of habeas
delence of that position, were march- 1 fo;]p!<s for Louaillier; the District
ed into town — the reg ilar troops into i Attorney, Mr. Johti Dirk, was ar-
the barracks — and a part of the un-i rested for having applied to Judge
disciplined militia of the city (the 1 Lewis for a writ forjudge Hall; tlie

regiments of Colonel Dcjan rt nl.) be-
cause they had, together with some
drafted militia from Kentucky and
Louisiana, run away on the 8th, from
tlie unfinished breastwork on the right
bank of the river, when turned by the
British infantry, were to be punished

French Consul was exiled from the
city, with a number of refractory
Frenchmen as they were called, and a
Mr. Hollander, a respectable peace-
able inhabitant, was arrested for the
simple obscrv;ition, which happened to
escape him at one of tlie corners of the

for their cowardice, by an order to j streets before some busy friends of the
march into and watch the old encamp- General's, that the encouragement
ment on (he left, after the General ■ given by the General to the French
had bimsell'declared "that the enemy's I Consul to issut; cerlilicales, with the
last exertions had been made in tliat secret motive of learning tlie names of
quarter." A great part of these militia- 1 the applicants, was "a dirty tric'<''!
men were shop-keepers and mechanics, | This was inirnediatelv reported at

whose families were dej)e:ident upon
the yieldings o: their induslrv and
manual labour — manv of (hem French

Head-quarters — Hollander was arrest-
ed upon a charge of " disrespect to his
superior officer, with an avowed ob-

subjects, and not naturalised in this ject to excite mutiny in the camp,"
state — tiiey felt the hardsiiip of their 'and only released upon signing a bond
situation — they applied to the Fiench j t'oi one (Iniusand dollar>, that he would
Consul for relief, and (he French a!)ide by tlie result of his trial before
Consul promi^ed it, after having made; a Court-Martial. Tiic bond was
the General acquainted with the in- 1 drawn up by yavrsc/f, Sir, in j/oiir ovn
structions which he had received (mm ihund-HTUiiij^, the very morning of Hol-
tlie Frcncli Minister at Washington, ' lander's arrest; and notwilhstanding all
and obtained his permission to issue | this, the same individual was arrested

a second time, on the s^ime day. w'liilst

at dinner, by Major Augustus Davezac,

your brotlicr-m-law, a volunteer Aid of

I the Grueral's like yourself, sl-nUti-ng

certificates to those amongst them
who could prove themselves virtually

(2) Sen \onemnT. No. J.

210

JACKSON AHD LIVINGSTON.

with his cpauletsbefore a file of soldiers,
because it had been reported sit Head-
quarters, that an application had been
made iora writ o( habeas orpus. The
trial actually coinnicnced before a
Courl-Martial, Major Davezac con-
ducting the proceedings as Judi;e-ad-
vocate; and when the news of peace,
and its ratification, arrived from
Washington, Hollander as well as
other "military olTenders of the same
sort, were graciously pardon'.'d."' This
fact may artord some elucidation of
your comment, that not a single punish-
ment was inflicted for a military ollcnce
during the campaign. And now. Sir.

the younger Lafitte, likewise a nolon-
oils pirate/ — When both of you were
the never-tailing source of relief to the
Domini>iues, the Beluches, the Ganibas,
the Lafittes, and the rest of the pirati-
cal crew? Have you forgotten, that
at the very time of General Jacksone
arrival in this country, in December,
1814, Dominique Von, the pirate, now
one of the Cunimittcc of Vigilance of
tixe General's Iriends, was in jail upon
a charge of piracy ? That you were
employed, upon conditions not general-
ly known, but fairly guessed at, to re-
lieve him and the partner of his toihs
and of his profits, (the very Major

was it by means like these that the ! St. Geme, commander of the dismounl-
country was saved ? Was it by acts of ', ed dragoons in Plauchc's buttallion,
this description, hy such wanton ag- 1 whose able roun-cl you advised the
gression, that the '-spirit of the law was ' old General to follow) from the inevita-
preservcd," as you have the hardihood 1 ble infamy that awaited them! Here
to assert? (3) Another still more im-jWas the opportunity to indulge your
portant fact deserves to be generally I charitable dispositioa; to render

known, for amongst all the misropre- | " Some gracious service imexpre5>.'i!

sentations of which your speech | "Ami from itsVige* only to be guc^AI,-
abounds, it is the grossest. 1 allude. and to do also some ser\ice to the
to your account of the GeneiaPs ap-i country. It is a deception to say, that
pearance before Judge Hall, to an-' these pirates would have had it in their
swer for his contempt of the laws. You ' power to assist the invasion of the
speak of the silence which he imposed British. But that they were usefully
on "the murmurs of an indi^^nanl audi- 1 employed in the service of the country,
encc," of his oiler "to inter|)os<' liis admits of no doubt. It was not. af
person to protect the tribunal from you have thought proper to say, "that
disturbance." Infamous deception! j moral force which is inspired by a love
It is only necessary to say who com- of country"' — for what country do
posed this a-idicnce, from what source I pirates acknowledge? but it was the
proceeded these "indignant inunnurs,"! love of life, the promised exemption
to understand at once the harefared-' from the gallows, that drove tiiem trom
ness with which tliis falsehood is pro- 1 the post of danger; and whilst they

claimed to tiic world. Have you for
gotten, Sir, those piratical times, wlien
the self-stiled Ilinpcror Lafittc, your
client, had hi> 1 lead-quarter.; at Barra-
taria; when every inlet, everv creek

saved their necks by your assistance, it
will give me pleasure to learn that your
pocket was not assisted by blending the
salvation of their necks \>ith the salva-
tion of the country. AViiat else cculd

in tliis state, was infested with his j these people do. than hasten to the
gang; when lo^cihcr with your United Slates" l^istrict Court, when
broiher-in-law (^omctimes Doctor, , Judge Hall [who, iiy the bye, attached
sometimes Major, sometimes Alder- 1 but a partial share of blame to the Gen-
man) Davezac, you were the constant :cral for the intemperance of his
leg il adviser, the permanent counsel measures, and chielly laid it at your
of those pirates that occasionnllv fell ' door, never failing to consider you, and
into the hand> of Justice? Whoii this the late A. L. Duncan, as the perfidi-
unexicptional'le model of a husl)aiKl. ous counsellors whose pernicious ad-
ofainan of honor. Doctor, Major, Aider- vice had led to them] what else, said I,
man, was seen in daily company with, could they do, than till the Court and

1 raise those "indignant murmurs"" when

(3) Per Appcnilix. No. III. their great liberator, the old General,

JACKSON ANB LIVINGSl'ON.

2tt

was summoned before the authority of
the law, to answer (or its violation?
The Court was tilled, not indeed with
disinterested spectators, but with the
members of St. Geim.'s comi)any, chief-
ly made up of smugglers and jfirates,
marshalled by your brother-in law,
Au-i'istus Davezac, the Major and
Judge-advocate par cxieUen'e; and
when the General left the Court-house,
it was not, as you pretend to say, a
crowd of "grateful citiz.Mis" that bore
him off in triumph, but these very men,
(hese "acquitted felons,'' andiioother,
who were bid to do so by your fellow-
aid, then Major and Doctor Davizac,
and now. neither the one nor the other,
nor indeed any thing thai would entitle
him to something beyond tiie passing
notice of idle curiosity. That Gen.
Jackson paid himself the fine which he
was cond'-mncd to pav. a fine ef one
thousand dollars, which you call heavy,
when, had it been a fee, particulaily
tVom a pirate in jail, you would have
called it light, is perfectly true. But
that the offer to reimburse him was
from the inlmbilants, that it was unani-
mous, is a fresh departure from
truth. Your fellow-aid, llie late A. L.
Duncan, who had enjoyed bis share of
applause "for his cool bravcrv and in-
tn.'pidity,"' v,'ben neither 30U nor him
were to be seen in camp on the "glori-
ous 8th of January,"' and Mr. Joseph
Saul, cashier of the Bank of Orleans,
were the prime movers, the great
originators of a subscriplion to niise
the amount of the fine of one thousand
dollars. It was understood that no
body would be allowed to subscribe for
more than one dollar, in order to give
to it the aspect of unanimity amongst
the inhabitants. The expedient failed.
The present Marshal of the United
States District, Mr. John ^l'icholsoli, a
nephew of the late A. L. Duncan, was
seen skipping about the streets, the
list in his hand, and collecting the
signature of almost every clodpate he
■ rnct in congenial mood. With all this
exertion of his activit}T lie gath.ercd
about 400 subscribers only, and ocea-
.lionally a dollar wiiiiout a signature
was tendered to him. Amongst the
persons to whom he applied, was Mr.
Peter Roche, the captaio of the flank

company in Plauche's battalion, called
Carabinicrs. "If the General wants a
dollar" — said the worthy officer — "I
will give it to you with pleasure, but I
will not swell the list by my name.''
Mr. Nicholson's reply was, that it was
his name, and not his dollar, that was
wanted. Was this unanimity? Anoth-
er instance of the real feelings of the
community, on the subject of the Gen-
eral's unnecessary acts of oj)prcssion,
deserves to be rescued from oblivion.
'■ When the confirmation of the news of
i peace arrived from Washington, your
' great idol "graciously pardoned"' all
j offenders, against the military authori-
't}'. One of these offenders, whose
i punishment from confinement in the
barracks had been commuted into ex-
ile beyond the limits of the camp, was
I Judge Dom. A. Hall. He was at that
I lime living at a plantation about four
'nilles above the city. Some of the
I most respectable citizens, IMr. R. D.
Sbepheui, Mr. Wm. Nott, and many
others, immediately determined to form
a cav;Ucade and escort the Judge to
town. At the head of this cavalcade,
composed of about sixty gentlemen ot
the first respectability, was to be seen,
I and much to his credit, Mr. John R.
|Giymestlie late District Attorney for
ttie Lhiiled Stales, who, at the very
time, was. like yourself, one of the five
volunteer-aids to Gen. Jackson, and the
j only one amongst them to whom the
f praise of bravcrv and intrepidity Ii«d
! been justly due; for on every occasion,
'during the short campaign, had he been
'seen anxious to seek a post of honor
and of danger, disdaining to resort to
the batteries of inkstands, and to the
mining in the secret recesses of the
Camp. (1)

I How lar the same spirit animated
I you, may be judged from the circum-
stance th:U as soon as it was known in
' the General's family, from the commu-
nications of the late Major-general
, Laronde, who on the Cth of January,
i had dined at his own country seat,
; with (ieneral I'ackenham and the rest
i of the British stalHand in the course of
the Till, brought the intelligence that.
a general attack was intended to be

(•<) See Appendix, No. H.

2i:

JACKSON AKD t,IVI.\GSTO:i.

made on the 8lh, n bowel-complaint • on the carpet, the vote of Kentucky
took vou at once to the city on the) became of importance; nothing was
evening of the Tlh, and that you did I left untried to put the people of that
not re-appear at head quarters until jSl;ite in a good humour- Thus it is
the afternoon of the Sth — a long time found that at the close of your oration,
after the fate of the day had been de- la higii compliment is paid to the brave-
cided, which you accidentally learnt | ry of the Kcntutkians. which you say
on the balcony of your residence in j your constituents would blame you lor,
Conde street, en robe de chamirc. An- 1 were it omitted. The Kentucky mili-
other of the volunteer aids, the late tia. properly armed and commanded.
A. I- Duncan, was likewise to be 'as it was under Gen. Adair, behaved
seen in the city during the whole mom- as well as any other troops on the
ing of the "glorious eighth,'' galloping ground : and that the drafted militia on
up and down the streets, and bcati:g the right bank, armed with pikes and
lip for reinforcements amongst the old hay-=takcs, under no command, would
■women, with or without petticoats, have run away when there was no of-
who met at ti)e corners of the streets, ficcr to stop them, might have been
This was '"cool bravery'' indeed! , expected.

1 shall say nothing of those patches \ I have called you the father of thp
of scarlet, witii which you have plan to raise Cieneral Jackson to the
thought lit to ornament the General's Presidency, and the first whispers that
uniform — of those traits of humanity were circulated in Loiii>iana, even be-
to which you allude — for tliere is no fore it had been ascertained what ( f-
man in his senses who can be deceived feet the deliverance of N.Orleans would
by so shallow an artifice, and think the have at Washington, are in every body's
deep stains which the habitual barbari- remembrance. This prospect gave the
ty of his character, the Indian massa- first relief to the almost desperate
cres, the unnecessary murder of Am- situation in which the struggle for the
brister and Arbuthnot, and other in- possession of the Batture. and other
stances of the kind, have left in the scheme?, had left you; it was thesheet-
midstof theorbofhis military glory .well anchor of your hopes and expectations,
■wiped otT by the trilling exertion to the corner-stone for the re-conslructiou
exempt the British prisoners, enlisted j of your fallen fortunes. To a certain
by General Humbert, from punish- ^ extent you liave succeeded — the idol
ment; by the tritling attention paid to of Juggernaut triumphantly rides on
the British woundeil. left behind by the necks of the repulilican partv; but
Major-general Lambert, and especinlit/ ; whether they will continue to worship
reronimcrK/f/ to his care and protection, i an idol whose tnices are blood —
Fudge! To w-iid up, it may not be , whether they will consent to remain
unnecessary once more to expose the 1 prostrate before the man, who, in the
pliancy, t!ie flexibility of your time-; midst of so many vices, possesses but
serving policy. In the military ardour , one solitary redeeming tjuality which
wiiich pervaded vour breast aflcr the. can be called his own, martial intre-
eighth of January, whilst penning the , pidity, and, w iih a childish loudness for
otKrial account to government, a cliange, desert another, whose many
severe censure escaped you upon the ', private and political virtues ought to
unarmed Kentuckians who deserted j endear him. wheresoever the unavoid-
the mud bank on the right shore of ablealloy of the common foibles of maii-
the Mississippi — sometliing was said kind, from which he is no more exempt
about " ingloriou* llight.'' This was t!ian any other human being, does not
too strong for the stomach of the j throw a temperorarv shade over their
Kentuckians — they talked of tarring mild and benignant liffht; who. unfortu-
and feathering: the old General, who. ; nately for himself, >l\\] more unfortu-
for some years, avoided the limits ol j nately for his cause — which is the cause
tlwit state. Hovr the times are altered! I of his country — is deficient in political
Ever since the elevation of the Gener- 1 :act, but certainly not in rectitude^
nl to the I'rcsidercy, w as brought up- ' time alone.will show;<

JACKSON AVD tlViyGSTOJf.

213

APPENDIX.

No. I.
The reader may justly doubt the evidence of
his seni-cs, when he learnt that ihi- news ol° the
Eigning of the Ghent treaty, reaelietl Ne^r-Or-
leaDs on the 15lli of February; tliat Mr. Liv-
ingston was the bearer of it; that the arrcrtof
Judge Hall took place on the oih oi March,
three weeks afterwards; aiid that lo these

•' 'Tis not in mortals to command success,"
Say.s Addison, but it may be deserved
as well as usurped. The history of
our days has furnKlied striking in-
stances of the truth of this obser-
vation, and were those men who,
like yourself, pull the wires of the

great political puppet show, entitled high hamied lueHsures, to the.-e wanton viola-
te that faith to which VOU have long' tj""' o' the oouslitution of the Lj.ued States,
, . ., J •, . ,1 I hecould, 13 vears alterwards, unblustungly as-

since forfeited every claim, the cata-| ^^^^ ^^^^ i.rc.ervation oi "the spirit of the

logue of heart-sickening anomalies of j laws" by the very man who has never failed
this kind, would be likely to receive a <o tfample them under his feet, whenever he
. , ,,.,. , ^1 1 ,■ r r' could do so, without open rebelhoii. r rnm the,

fresh addition by the elevation Ol Oen. I Louj^ana Gazette of the 22d Kebruary, 1815,
Jackson to the Presidency. But no! [ published by Godwin B. Gotten, at New-Or-

Thc sober sense of the great American , l^an/. ' transcribe the following article :

, t , . r "On I uesday we published a small handbill,

community may be led astray lor f» i containing such information as wc had conceiv-
while, but cannot, for any length o( n\ correct, respecting the signing of prelimi-
time, be deceived, much less silenced 1 ''aries of peace between the American and
, ' I- • r- r* - -1 British commissioners at Ghent. We hare

by any combination ol immorality and , ,j„^p ^^^^^ informed, from Headquarter,, that

of thoughtlessness, by any compromise i the information therein cout.im d, inncorreet,

between depth of design and igno- j and we havebeen orrffrtrf to pubHsh thdollow-

. . /»• It „„„ J. .11 in<r, lo do away the tnV that might arise from

rance, by any traffic between dull- ^,-' ,„,p„rf,„^. Every man may read for

headed integrity and unprincipled am- , himsell, and 'Jdnk for himself; (thank God: our
bition. These are the discordant ' thoughts are as yet unthackl.d : :) but as we
. . I , r I ■ V ,_„,_!.' have been officially informed that the city of

materials Ollt of which your party \S i Se^.OrW^^nf i. a camp, our readers must not
made up — I call it your s, because it expect us to take the liberty of expr.ssing our
owes its birth to you— it lives by your opinion at we u-ight in a free city. We cannot
r . ' -i. * (T _ • ~ submit to have a fC7i5or o/"£/ie iire« in our ofijce;

fostering care— It IS your oflVpnng, I ^ ^, ^.^ ^^^ ordered not to publish any re^
possessing every legal qualitication, 1 ,„arks without authority, we shall submit to be

without one particle of legitimacy

Here I shall take my leave of you.
Personal motives in addressing you this
letter, 1 have none. I have said al-
ready that your splendid talents have
commanded my admiration — I may

silent, until we can speak with safety — excipt
making our paper a sheet of slircdi and patches
— a mere adifrtiscr for our mercartilc frienUsl*

" HEAD-quABTEBS, ' .11 MiUtary District,

.Xew-Ortcmi., Feb. 21, 1815.
"Sib — It is expected that you wi I give im^
mediate publicity te the inclosed, by prinliii?
, , ., ^ . 1 ,. . . if in hand bills as you have printed Mai which

.idd, that your social <)uahtics have ; y,-, .^ „,^„„^ t„ c„;;,„^ract: and also, by in-
endeared you to my recollection, whilst Ucriing it in your next paper,
the bilent appeal of your worldlv vicis-j . ^ JOHN JREED, Aid-decamp,

., , 1 r L . .1 i ■ J . I J'ir. Colter), Editor of the Louiuana Gazitte.

situdcs and misfortunes to tlie kindest, ■'

feelings of human nature, has not yet
lost its effect upon my brea?l. But
your political depravity deserved ex-
posure— censure would be too mild a

H Q. 7(!i Military District,

Acu-Orleani, Feb. -21, 1815.
Sib — Tbe Commanding General having seen
a publication which issued from your press to-
day, stating "thnt a flag had just arrived from
, , , .r iU 1 Admiral Cochrane to Gen. Jackson, iflicially

term: and the contempt, if not the ex- j „„„o,jncing the corulusion of peace at Ghent,
ecration of everv friend to his country, | between the United States and Great Britain,
ought to be the ultimate reward of that 1 •''"'' rirtuatly rf,u«hns a suspemion of arms,''
^ , ii Li . • .• 1 1 requires that you will hasten to remove any im-

man, whose flexible patriotism has ever 1 p,^,,^ impression which so unauUtonzcd and in.

lorrect a statement n.ay have raade.

No request, either director virtual, has been
made to him by the commander of either the
land or Da\al force of Great Britain, for a sus-
j pension of arms. The letter ol "Bathurst to
'-he Lord Mayor," which furnishes the only
ojicial information that has been communi-
cated, will not allow the supposition th;it a
•uspension of hostilities is meant or expected,
T ntil the treaty signed by the respective Com-
missioners, shall have received the ratification
"ftbe Prince-Regent and of the President of
the United States.

received its peculiar stamp and direc
tion from the impulse of necessity, and
whose political ambition leaves the eye
of scrutin}' to seek in vain for that
distinguished quality, which, to use
the language of Lord Chatham,

" " alone makes its virtue the sense

of honor."

W.
Xaldiez, lOlh March, 1828-

-JU

JACKSON AND IaVl^'GSTO^.

A copy OF THAT LLTTER HAD T.EEX SOME I tal punishment, was only equal to bU stt-rlinq
DAVS EEFOKE, BROUGHT BY Mn. Livi>csTO.\, j integrity, the JuJge was lelt with the choice
FROM THE English fleet, and publisu^d | of an alternative of epithets, -'un malheutev
i.v THE ciTi'. tquine connait pas se» deToirs" or "uu misera-

The commandinp; General again culls upon , ble qui les oublic." Accordingly "The Friem'
bis fellow citizens and soldiers to recollect that , of the Laws," of the 28th March, 1815, appear-
it is yet uncertain whelhur the articles which j ed with the following Editorial article :
hi>ye been signed «t Ghent for the re-establish- ., gentleman, for whom I entertain a. mucl,
ment of peace, will be approved by those whose „,^^S ^^ ^„ Saturday la=t,

approba .on IS necessary to give efficacy to „„ ad,ertisen.ent. which I declined publishing
them. Until thnt approbation .s given, and These are my reasons: The object of this a^^-
proper y announced, he would be wanting to i •"""- ""^ •": '^ !.„.,„.„ .i„, ^ .li..

!u . „. . »-. ..,1 ;-k k,.,„ k „ „i- I vertiiemcnt w as to make it Known that a uiii-

the important interests which have been conn- ,, , . „f ,„.>„.■•(,.. im.'

, . . L- . .- -i-k ■** J 1 ner would lie iriveu in honor ol a man wno hat-

ded to his protection, if he permitted any relax- :: T. J » ", . j , ,- „ ,k„ lUii, ;,

.r ' . .' ,•' ., been nicked ai', dead aru'U, Iroin the nitli in

ation in the army under his command. How 'r ' . J ,\ ,j. /-,„■.,,., i.nc

,■ /-I 11 1 . 1.4 .k f'the streets; who like n. cowardly J iigilne, hat

disgraceful as well as disastrous would it be, if | V ' ,, , .• k „-^ .i.„ .„„

. ° J • 1 1111 been been icnoblv dcscrtin? hs post the mo-

by surrendering ourselves crcdulou'^ly and "=>-" "->-» 'b'"'"'.' k . r.Ai .... i „«,«■

•' , , , » ., , f. ■' ment the first cannon shot was fired, and ncvci

weakly to newspaper pub ications — often pro- ! . i i i i i i ■„ tk,».„ir,^ -

..-',. • 1^ ' "^ . , ,- ' , I stopping untillic had succeeded in throwing ;.

rom Ignorance, but more Irequcnt y ' 7 i-<i i i < .i i^ii.„„h i,;m

9 . ' . ^ ■' space of laO nil cs between tlic balls and nim-

ceediu

from dishonest designs — we permitted an enemy
whom we have so lately ana so gloriously beat-
en, to regain the advantages he has lost, and
triumph over u- in turn I

The General Order issued on llic i9lli inst.
expresses the feelings, the views, and the hopes
which the Commanding General still enter-
tains.

Henceforward, it is expected that no publi-
cation of the nature of that herein alluded to

self; who as long as he had it in Ins power,
never could find irons, bolts and chains enough
to weigh down somo brave fellows (i. c., the pi-
rates, friends aud clients of .Messrs. L and D.)
who, in half an hour, have rendered more im-
portant services to this country, than a thou-
sand individuals similar to the one in whose
honor the dinner is to be given, would be able
to render during tlio whole course of their lives;

, J 11 f ... 1 of one of those beings, finally, who, like the

undcensured will appearinany paper of tlus , „„,erM.ow themselves on the

city, unless the editor shall have previously as- j , g^,^, J^^^, „,g ,- j,^ ^^ ;„ „,j,., ,„

sharpen their impure beaks and their rapacious
claws upon an easy prey. J. Leclehc."

.4nd the blackguard that could pen such a
paragraph, who was considered no unwelcome
guest in Mr. Livingston's house, had just re-
ceived (throu^-U the protecting influence of
Colonel Eihvard Livingston and of jVo/or .Au-
gustus Davezac) several hundred dolljrs of pub-
lic money fur a few handbills officiaili/ printed
for Geu. Jackson.

A few years afterwards, his skeleton corpse
was discovered on an old matrass, in a vessel
found in the Gulf of Honduras, without a liv-
ing soul on board, dthello's occupation was
gone — his gibes and his jests uo longer finding
bidders at New -Orleans, with some of his pirat-
ical friends he proceeiled to join Aury's cang
at Old-Providence, where he was made Judge
of a mock Court of .\dmiralty. A learned and
nghUous Judge indeed! whose decisions not
unfrequtntly verified the words of a Kreiicli
poem, once circulated at New I'roviJtoce
during Napoleon's belligerent day.s,

'^ leJu^c, sans fox, ct d'un ariir nurcenain .

I'artage sanspudcur lesproJ'iU du Corsairc.^''

ocrtained its corrertness, and gained permission
(or its !>uf r/ion, from the proper source.
By command,
JOHN REED, Aid-de-Camp.
Jtr, Collen, Editor of Ihc Louisiana GaselU.

NO. n.

Amongst the daily visitors of .Mr. Livings-
ton's (amily at that period, was a fellow by the
name of /<ec/f)c, the Editor of a French paper
t:alled I'Jimt des-his — a man of some wit and
readiness at repartee, but of the utmost vulgar-
ity of manners, low and contemptible in his
habits, and in daily association with the La-
fittes, the Beluche?, and other pardoned pirates,
yet admitted at the dejeuners a la fourdielle of
Madam L. (the New-Orleans parody of the
Parisian beauty, Madame Rccauiier) when
they would ply him with Charnpaignc, permit
him to talk ad lil/iium, and allow every license
to his tongue — " lioumic d'un genie extraordi-
naire, d'un esprit superieur, on doit tout lui
pardoner" — this was the cant apology for the
pleasure with which his most licentious obser-
vations and sayings were listened to and re-
ceived. I'pon Judge Hall's return to the city, '
his personal friends, and the friends of order j
aud constitutional riglits, proposed to eive him ,
<i public dinner — an advertisement to that ef |
I'ect was sent to all the editors of the New-Or- 1
leans papers of that period, and it could not I
possibly be supposed, that the Editor of- 7'/ii |
Friend of the Lairs''^ would have lie.'.itattd a- )
bout publishing it. Diit poor Judge Hall wa~ i
no favourite at the dijcuners a la fourehrlte in
Condrt street — the clients of Mr. Livingston, !
th; bosom fiicnds of Maj. Davezac, the daily
associates of Leclcrc, had been in irons — the
Judge always deeliniiic to admit thcui t > bail.
These were mortal oH'enccE, that could not be
pardoned at immaculate dejeuners., and the
Judge, whose vigncity in iliscoveriiig tin*
drift of those shifts that were resorted to fur
^ho purpose offcrceniug the pirates from capi-

NO. 111.
The reader will not forget that the arrest ui
Mr. Louaillier, and Judge Hall, took place on
the Jth of March. On tho 6th, fif irry ner
dnfi. General Jackson wrote us follows to M;:
jor-general Lambert;

'■'■Head Quarters, ti/A Mareh, 18l.i.

".^IR — I have just received intellitencc from
Washington, which leaves little doubt in my
mind, that the treaty signet! at Ghent, between
the I'nited States and Great Britain, has been
ratified by the President and Senate of tin'
United States; but," ic. &c.

Vet, on thi^s same day, the arrest of Mr
Dick took place, and he was confined in tho
barracks until flic l9Ui of ."Vlnrch. On the 3th

TRUE CHARACTER OF GENERAL JACKSON.

a 1,1

of March, the Gcoeral rescinded the order by
which the "refractory Krenchmeu" were exiled
to Baton-Rouge; but he made an exception
with the Cons^ul, the Chevallier dc Tousard,
against whom he felt, lor some reason or other,
peculiar spite. All this was done, no doubt, as
Mr Livingston said, to "preserve the spirit of
the law."

TRUE CHARACTER OF GENERAL
JACK.SON.

Tlie fiistory of the world, as well as
the experience of an ordinary life, es-
tablishes tlie fact, that individuals often
obtain a high name, and extensive rep-
utation, from accidental circumstances
rather than real merit. Such usually
figure for a short time; bright and at-
tractive as a meteor. Their course is as
soon at an end: but its progress is al-
ways full of mischief. Every commu-
nity, whether a great nation or a small
village, is, at times visited by one of these
meteoric characters. Sornctimes a
hero, sometimes a politician, some-
times a clergyman or a physician. —
And whilst his day lasts, he is the uni-
versal favorite, endowed, for the time,
with every virtue and every talent;
and set up as a Sibboleth to be lauded
by all who would stand in favor witli
the multitude.

If we take but a glance at that por-
tion of history with which all are fami-
liar, we shall find these characters in
great numbers. The Jews were con-
tinually running astray after Korahs.
Dathans and Abirams, Absalom, and
puch like men. Ro.nie had her Man-
lius, her Gracchi, her Claudius and ma-
ny more. Greece was ever distracted
by characters like Akibiades. The
Thomas .\ Beckcts, John Wilkses and
Lord George Gordons of England fig-
ure through her whole history. The
U. States, as a nation have but just ac-
quired somethirig like the vigor of man-
hood, and have their General Jackson.
Look at the separate states and we
shall see the Bidwells of Mas.sachusetts,
the Tompkinses of New- York, the
Findlays of Penn.sylvania, the Deshas
of Kentucky, each the Hero of liis day,
and the man of the People. Descend
still lower into the scale of communi-
ties. We have liad our Gazlay in Cin-
'Snnati. our neighbours of Greene

county have had and still enjoy their
Gardiner. In all these cases the indi-
vidual's extraordinary popularity, was
the result of accident. It grew up sud-
denly, no one knew why, liourished iL«
season out, and when at an end, was
remembered only as a source of morti-
fication and shame to those who had
been its instruments.

In no case, however, has the popu-
larity of an individulal, been raised so
suddenly to the same height, as that of
General J.ackson. When war was de-
clared in 1812, he was only known, in
Tennessee, and the VVeslern country.
His character was that of a turbulent
and fiery man. One who had princi-
pally distinguished himself at the cock-
pit, and on the race ground. One who
had seduced his neighbor's wife, and
made her his own; had killed his man
in a duel, and had bullied his way thro"
the world with little regard to the
right of others, or his own duties as a
citizen. That such was his general
character where known, is within the
recollection of all who knew him, and
who now allow themselves to think
justly and speak truly.

The first year of the war transpired
without any thing being done by Gen.
Jackson to benefit the country or ac-
quire credit to himself. He obtained
a General's command of a body of
volunteers, whom he marched from
Nashville to Natchez, at a great
public expense, and no public benefit.
' .\t Natchez he committed an act of
'open mutiny, and set an example,
I which led afterwards lo the most dis-
lastrous result, within his own com-
{mand. He marched back his men at
' the public expense and discharged
j them to rest and amuse themselves.
1 This was his first campaign. His sec-
ond was against the Creek Indians.
J He subdued them. The country knew
j nothing of the mean.s or the cos!; but
they rejoiced, and praised General
Jackson. The government gave him
a Major Generars command and he was
followed by the public applause. He
commanded at New Orlean?. and was
j again succes-ful, and again his '.-uccess
I was, without scrutiny,rcceivcd asproof
I of merit. Here closed the career of
General Jackson's usefulness. Hi=

VI 6

TRUE CIIAn\CTKR OF GENERAL JACKSON.

subsequent history is but a repetition of] taking to himself reputation for that
wrongs and outrages. | which he did not perform. He was

At the close of the war the impres-! known to be rash and violent in his
bion was almost univer-^al,that Gen. i temper, and to have committed several
Jackson had displayed high military ; excesses, which were by most men, at-
taleiits, in his war with the Creeks, tributed to meretemporary excitement,
and in his defence of New-Orleans. How stands his character now, that it
The details were unknown, but the has been subjected to the ordeal of
results were certain. His public cor-, strict scrutiny and close investigation?
respondence was written with force; What has been his private life?
and precision, and though not eitlier He commenced by invading the sancti-
accurate or elegant, was respectable. ; ty of his neighbour's matrimonial
He obtained credit for the authorship, couch. A legislative act, and judicial
and was thus placed before the nation record have been produced, predicated
as one of her most eminent citizens, upon his criminahly, and fastening up-
The opinion tims received, it was the: on him the oH'ences of seduction and
wish of no one to have shaken, until adultery. His white-washers have
Gen. Jackson, by sulfering hims Jf to been compelled to acknowledge thi-
be put up a candidate for the otlice of' fact, and attempt its palliation. Yet so
President, made it the duty of every ] strong is their sense of its enormity,
considerate and reflecting citizen to that the newspapers that support him,
examine the re;d and true nature of his no longer feel at liberty to notice a ca>e
pretensions. This investigation was of seduction, or publish a trial foi
commenced witii reluctance, and pro- adultery. This fact should sink deep
ceeded tardily, uniil the extraordinary into the minds of all thinking men.
violence of the General's supporters, HeJastened a quarrel upon Dickin-
and the alarming practices they adopt- ,son about a horse race, and killed him
ed, have stimulated inquiry to all tlie in a duel, under circumstances that ex-
active exertions necessary to dcvelope cited a strong sensation in the commii-
and make known tiie truth. Much is nity : and then attempted, by bullying,
now generally known of Gen. Jackson, to prevent a token of respect to hi-
which was known to very few at the ■ memory.

adjournment of Congress, in March, | He was prosecuted for an assault
1827. Fourteen months of scrutiny, j witii intent to kill, for stabbing Samuel
have produced a great change in public' Jackson, and was acquitted, as was
sentiment, with respect to the true Aaron Burr, and many other notorious

character of Gen Jackson

The combination to promote his
election to the Presidency, was com-
pleted at Washington, in Feb. 1827.
The plan of carrying him on tlic

felons.

He incurred strong suspicions of
having been associated with Aaron
Burr, inhis treasonai)le enterprise, and
of having saved himself, like Wilkin-

shoulders of the pe;>ple by means of i son, by becoming an informer,
public me(;tings, was lliere concluded He engaged in land speculations of
upon, and in March, 1 827, its openi-| a most fraudulent <haracter,and upon a
tions commenc<'d in Baltimore. In the ' scale of great extent, wliiciiheabandon-
same month, the While-washing com-| ed only, when the prospect of success
miltee was organized at Nashville, and | became desperate, and whet^ there wa-
in the same month. Maj. Henry Lee was I reason to fear, that further pposeculing
de-pati lu'd to the Heriiiila^c, tosupcr- them, would interfere with his new
intend the General's i orre-puiuli'iice. fornn d projects of ambition.
At that time, most men looked upon He was in connection with a party
General Jackson as a respectable man,; of slave dealers, and engaged in law
highly gifted with military genius, pos-! suits about the division of <he spoil,
sessing a decent knowlcdgi^ of lilera-'And there is reason to believe, that
fure, of unquestioned private and po- liis tiireat, to burn Silas Dinsmore and
litica! inlegritv; alloirether above the j his agency house, originated in the
vice of detraction, or the mcHnncs.s of fact, that Dinsmore'.) f lilbfiil execuliou

J

THUE f IIAUAC TEU OF GENERAL JACKSON.

an

of his duty, interfered with the iiiter-
osts of the dealers in slaves.

He has been engaged in nuiiiherless
(juarrels, with those connected with
him in business, and has only kept up-,
on terms with men, who made them-
selves mere panders to his interest and
his passions.

Such is a rapid sketch of his private
fife as it has been more fully developed
within the last year.

VVhathasbeen his conduct asa poli-
tician?

He has held public stations, but he
has distinguisiied himself for public
usefulness in no one of them. He re-
signed all, upon his own acknowledged
ronviciion of incompetence to dis-
charge the duties attached to them.
Upon one subjectof vital pul)lic interest,
the tariff, he has meanly attempted to

ficc, he has lent himself to the basest
purposes of faction, and has descend-
ed to employ the most discreditable,
weapons of electioneering.

He has been exhibited to the world
as the principal author and promulga-
tor of an atrocious slander against Mr.
Clay,insimiated at various times and pla-
ces to various persons, whicli he at last
partly conlirnied by an open publica
tion. The utter falsehood of his alle-
gation has been made manifest, by the
refusal of his own witness to support
hmi, and by an overwhelming mass of
contradictory tcstimon) . Yet he coun-
tenances his partizans in repeating and
reiterating the slander.

He has been detected and exposed
in a deliberate falsehood, asserted
with respect to John Harris, executed
for mutiny in a letter written to Balti-

impose upon the credulous, by the cm- more, in 1826. A falsehood uttered
ployment of indefinite and general] for the purpose of excusing liis own
terms, and by pursuing an equivocal j conduct, and so uttered as to leave no

and halfway course. So as to be
claimed by those who advocate both
sides of the question, and to be dis-
claimed by both, where it may best suit
the objects of political manoeuvering.

His course towards his equals, and
others in authority, has been shown to
have been that of exceeding outrage
and violence. Public employment, civ-
il or military, whether under the gov-
ernment of the Union, or of a State,
has protected none that crossed his
path, from outrage. Grey hairs and
pul)lic service have been treated, by
him, with as little decorum, as might
be thought due to bcftrdless im{)crti-
neiicc.

His cupidity of puLlic treasure has
been detected and exposed. He has
been found chargmg the government
lor the rent of his own Hermitage, the
hire of his own slaves and horses, the
burning of his own fuel, as in ptil)lic em-
ploy, when the whole was used for the
usual domestic concerns of his family.
And when from homo has taxed the
government, in a single bill, more thrui
•S'lOOO for wines, and other articles ©f
the same character. Tlius demonstra-
ting that he is alike sut)jectto the vices
of profusion and avarice in public ex-
penditures.

Vs a politiTJan. a rrmdidil-'^ for of

\

possible ground to believe that he was
under a mistake. Because he not only-
slandered the memory of Harris, but,
he untruly asserted that the alleged
mutineers, rrtost of them marched with
him to New-Orleans, when they were,'
in fact, left in prison, at Mobile, to be
tried and punished.

He has been detected in writing
electioneering letters, asserting whaf
was not true, to aid his partizans in
carrying their elections, in a neighbor-
ing state. His letter.-, to T. Moore,
and to W. Owens of Kentucky were
both erf this character. He now stands
fcefore the world as a man capable of
calumniating a political opponent, or a
decer»sed victim of his own vcngeancci
to aid in opening his own wav to power.

His prctcvisions to litei-arv knowl-
edge, or general information liavc also
been subjected to scrufiny.iS:, have been
found totally unsupported. Pie can-
not write hisna(iv(! language, with thr
slightest regard to gmmruatical accu-
racy, nor can lie spell it as should a
a school l)oy of twelve years old. Thfi-
fMct is put beyond all controversy. —
His partizans, to s!iii-IJ him from 'con-
tempt, lia\e attempted to cast ridicule
upon all learning, and to maintain tlia!
a great warrior, or an eminent politi-
cian need not be a scholar. Aud lY

216

TRIJE CHARACTER OF GENERAL JACKSOIV.

this, as in the case of his morals hi
parlizan editors find themselves silenc-
ed, upon all matters of litcniiure. —
Tliev da c not make a jest ofijjnor-
aiif e, lest it should be felt as a sarcasm
upon their ciiief. The witticisms of
the English press opon the illiteniry.
and civil incompetence of the new
military premier, lind no place in a
Jackson paper. The editors fe<d that
the application must be made at home,
and are gajiged upon the subject.

This exposure of Gen. Jackson's
illiteracy, and incompetence to write,
involves a cot^flusion most disgraceful
to him, in addition to the disgrace of
ignorance. It is that of taking reputa-
tion tohim*<'lf, for the labors of others,
making himself a daw in strange
feathers, an ass in a lion's skin. The
point of both these fables apply to him,
in this particular. We are now assured
beyond all doubt, that Gen. Jackson
has habitually pas-ed upon the world,
lh<" productions of others, as his own.
Who, at ditVcrc!!' time* has written for
him. may be matter of question. It is
well ascertained that, .tt Now Ovleans,
Mr. Livingston was his writer, and di-
rector. Doctor Bronaugb, was for a
tim>'. alwavs with him; Major Eaton
too, has bad the care of him. Now he
is in the hand- of M ijor I^e. lluis
tiie fact is made clear, that General
Jackson, instead of being a man of
strong and vigorous intellect, of Fiigh
and honorable sentiments, is at best an
ig;ioramu<. willi'ic; to be guided by
oi'iers, and poor siiirited enough to a-
dopt and pa<s for bis own, what shall be
prepared for him by bis guardian for
the time Uoins;.

How. at this day, stands his inilit.uy
reputation?

Six months ago. this was conceded
to him by very general consent, nay,
when preparing the number of tlu' Ex-
positor for February, it was di-iinclly
conceded t!i;tt he bad given e\ idcncc
of high military talent. 'Hie e\pi>-i-
tioM of his movements at N. Orleans,
made by Capt. Clement, were not then
be.'oiethe country. The disclosures in
the le'tcrto Mr. Livingston, publisheil,in
this number, wcr • not tlien made. By
these even bi>. military <pialilications
are diawa into serious question. Lei

men of observation examine these pub-
lications, carefully and candidly, and
they will find much ground to doubt
whether General Jackson, is more than
a pretender, as a military chieftain.

It is ever a mistake to assume that a
man can become great by intuition.
Eminence is always acquired in the
school of experience; it cannot be oth-
erwise obtained. W hen a man is sud-
denly puffed into a hero, or a states-
man, without experience in camps or
cabinets, it may be taken for granted
that his greatness cannot la-^t. What
is conferred by accidental circumstances
cannot long survive the circumstances
that conferred it. General Jackson's
fame has raised higher and endured
longer than other pretenders. But it
's culminating from its zenith, and
party effort cannot longer sustain it.
Let General Jackson himself: let any
one of his adherents, capable of calm
reflection, compare his present stand-
ing, his present hold upon public opin-
ion, upon the affections of our country-
men, with what they were in February.
1 827, and it mu-t be a strange delirium,
if a most unfavoralile change is not per-
ceived. Partv fan do much- to sustain
an instrument or agent, upon yvhich its
own existence depends. But party ef-
fort cannot etTcct impossibilitie-. It
cannot make a vicious man moral, an
ignorant man a scholar, a weak man
wise, a vain man modest, or a violeni
man dispassionate. Nor can it per-
suade an i.itelligen' people that an
immoral, ignorant, weak, vain, violent
mnn, ought to be made President o;
these United States.

JACKSON sl Btrna.

When the article on this subject,
page i?03. was written, Gen. JacksonV
letter to Gov. Claiborne, was not in
the power of the writer. It has bicn
published in the Baltimore Republi-
can, and republished here, with a
short introduction, of which the sub-
joined is an extrait.

" Ttiat every man may l>c nbic to meet thi
scoundrels wbo dare to'iii^inuute ll.i' ctmrgr.
■.,m\ .-.mfounJ ttirm with tho Iriitli, we puMisl.
the following letter from Oen. .'iickson to M'

JACKSON AND flVRR.

310

Claiborne. Gnveriiur of Louisiana. So far from i
heiiif; concerned in t'lat infamous conspiracy, he ,
j«M the first man iclio t;aic th.~ alarm. We will j
stake our lives lliut no respectable iiiiiii, no |
man who lias any character to loose, will ilare
to make the charge againsi him." |

Thus sort of denunciation is not cal-
culated to deter an independant and
just man from recording historical
facts, nor is it evidence that tlie party
fop wiiom it is employed is invulnera-
ble. On the contrary it partaktjs a
good deal of the blusfcrinii; of con-
scious guilt. In coiiseq.ience of ob-
taining and perusing the letter to Clai-
borne, i have been induced to investi-
gate more closely the whole case, and
I shall present the result of my inves-
tigation with my views upon it, to the
reader, totally regardless of the feel-
ings it may excite, or the language it
may elicit from the General's worship-
pers. Gen. Jackson's letter is as fol-
lows :

"Sir: — AlthouRh it is a lone; time since I
wrote J'on, still that friemlship that once ex-
isted remains bright on my pari ; and although
since I have had the pleasure of seeing you I
have waded through diiricult and disagreeable
scenes, stiH 1 have all tha» fondness for my old
and former friends tliat I ever had, and tlieir
memory has been more endeared to rae by the
treachery I have experienced since I saw you
by some newly acquired ones Indeed I fear
treacherif, has become the order of the day —
This induces mc to write to you. I'ut your
town iu a slate of ilefnncc. Organize your mi-
litia, and defend your city as well against in-
ternal enemies as external: my knowledge
does not extend so far as to authorize me to go
into detail; Ijutl fear you uill mtel iciUi anal
tack from ijuarttrs ynu do not at pn sent crpeel —
Be upon the alert; keep a watchful eye upon
our General, and beware of an attack as well
from our own country as Spain. / fear tliere is
sonielliin^ rotten in the state nf Dcnmatk. You
have enemies within your own city, that miy
try to subvert your government, and try to sep-
crate it from the Union. You know I never
hazard ideas without good grouiMU-, and you
will keep these hints to yourself But I say

izain.bc on the alert,. /our goirr/im<>»<; /earl fro^ authentic documents. The two
'J in danger. I fear there arc plans on fool m- , . . .■ . , • i j i

^micatioUieUnwn. latter are the most material^ and I

Whether they will be attempted to be carried therefore give the evidence upon whiclj

Tliat we may fully understand tlu^-
letter, it is important to review c;iix>
fully, many preceding and subsequent
facts, which now are established be-
yond all controversy.

Col. Bi'HR traversed the western
country in the summer of i805, and
visited the principal towns of Oiiio,
Kentucky, Tennessee, and on the Mis-
sissippi. He had an interview with
Gen. Wilkinson, and associated with
most of the principal men. In August.
1 80C, he left Philadelphia for tlie west;
was at Pittsburgh on the 21st of that
month, and left it on the 24th, pro-
ceeded by Washington and Wheeling,
to Marietta, where he arrived about
the 1st of September. He remained
with Blannerhasset son'e days, and a-
bout the 1st of September, the publi-
cation of the celebrated essays, signed
QuKuisx, was commenced, in which
tiic policy ol dividing the Union was
discussed. Sometime in the same
month, he reached Cincinnati, from
whence he proceeded to Kcntuckv,
and it is believed to Tennessee. On
the 26th of October, he was at Lex-
ington, and on the 5th of Novcmi)er,
he was ;iccused before the federal
court of Kentucky. A grand jury was
convened to meet on the 8th, and ad-
journed to the l-2th, when they re-
fused to return a bill, and Burr was
discharged. He \yas prosecuted ;.-
gain late in November, and early in
December again acquitted. On Sun-
day the 14th of December, he arrived
at Gen. Jackson's, and remained there
and at Nashville, until the 22nd, when
he descended the Cumberland river
with two boats, hut without any body
of men.

I have carefully collated these facts

into effect or not, I cannot siy ; but rest assur
tjd they arc in operation, or I calculate boldly.
Beware of th(f month of December. I love my
country and government: I hate the Uons; I
woHld delight to sec .Mexico Tcduced, but I will
die in the last ditch, before I would yielil a foot
to the Dons, or see the Union disunited. This
I wTitc for your own eye, and for your own
safety ; profit by it, and the ides of March re-
member.

With sincere respect, I am, a? usual, your
sincere friend, Andrew J.\ckso>.

Nov. 12, 180C.

they are st;ited. In the United States
Gazette of January 26, 1807, I find the
following:

Nashville, Dec. 20.
"Col. Burr arrived on Sunday evening last at
Gen. J.*CKS0N's,ninc miles from this town, and
has been in this place several times this week.
He appears to be preparing for some movemonts
we know not where."

Upon cxamiiuition it Is found tha

mo

JACKSdN AVD Bt'RR.

Dec. 20th, in the year 1806. was upon None of tbc=e admonitions have any
Saturday, consequently, the preceding natural and obvious application to
Sunday was the 14th. Burr and his coadjutors. The danger

The s.'ime papor contains an extract piinted out, was to be apprehended
of a letter from Knoxville, dated Dec. from " oi-r general;" " from ocr own
19th, to a nienibcr of Congress, con- 1 colntrv,"' not from a band of traitors.

taining the following information.

"A rcH'dayssincc Col. Burr was at Naslivillc.

Arrangcnionls wore ni:ide at Nashville for de
aceii'ling the rivor with a number of provifioii
bont>, said to be iiitcuilisl to acconipaiiy hiiu
iu his uiikDowii expedition. Last evening a

man arrived from Nashville, who says Mr.

is (;oiDg and several others. Application had
been made to Captain to do.-iceiKi as a pi-
lot, lie refused unlets he was informed of the
place of destiiuilion ; l;e could not riceivc that
information and was not cmplovcd."

The time and manner of Burr"s de-
parture from Nashville as stated above
is taken from Presidcn* Jellbrson's
message to Congress of Jan. 22, 1 807.
From these facts it is clear, that whilst

The fears expressed of plans on foot
inimical to the Union, and the vaunt
of love of country, and a determination
to die in the last ditch, are altogether
con.>-istcnt with the usual conduct of a
traitor to traitors. The various '■/cars'
which afflicted the General, a|>pcar
somewhat ridiculous. And all tliesc
'fears' were witliout knowledge enough
" lo go iulo dtlail." This sort of let-
ter is just that which a conspirator
would write, who was not certain what
course it was safest to take. And in

almost every point resembles that

which one of the conspirators of the

_ ,. ^ . , . ; gunpowder plot, a<ldressed to Lord

Burr was an obje.ct of universal su^pi- ^outeagle. This is here copied, and

cion, he made his home at Gen. Jack-
son's for about a week, ^ preparing fur
sflme movemenls^^ of an unknown char-
acter. It is fearlessly asked, do not
tliesc facts look suspicious? do they not
require explanation?

Tlie advocates of Gen. Jackson pub-
lish his letter to Gov. Claiborne as at
pncc a triumphant and decisive vindi-
cation of him, against the imputation
of connection with Burr. It is do\ibl-
less to this disclosure that (len. Adair
alluded, when he twitted Jackson with
*^ raising himself by turning stales vit-
7iess." When it is carefully examined
can it bear any other interpretation
than that given to it by Adair?

It discloses nothing l)ut undefined
and alarming horror.s. It commits (he
infornumt to no fact, and inqdicatis
him with no individual. Though cal-
culated to excite apprehension, it gives
no distinct infoj-mation how the appre-
hended misdiief might be met and de-
feated. All its as.si-rlions are vague,
confused and perplexing. They pro-
fc,-s to be given confidentially. " 'J'/iis
I uritefir vocr own eve and for voiii
oUN SAFETY." And tlic Goviriior is
cautioned, not against conspirators, but
against public functionaries. ^'Keep
a mitehfiil ei/e upon oi'R ge.nekai.. ihhI
licxrare of an ullcic/e as icell from our own
< DU.NTHY asfnmi Spain,^'

the candid reader is requested to read
and compare them together.

" My Lord — Out of the love I bear some o^
your friends, I have a care of jour preserva-
tion. Therefore, I would advise you, a? you
tender your life, to devise some escusc to shift
off vour attendance on this parliament. For
God and man Imve conspired to punish the
ivickedncss of this time. And think not sli:jhtly of
this advertisement: but retire yourself into
your country, where you may expect the event
in s;ifcty. For though there be no appearance
of any slir, yet I say they will receive a terrible
blow, this parliament, and yet they shull not
sec who hurts theiu. This counsel is not to be
contemned, because it may do you ^ood, and
can do you no harm; for the danger is past as
soon as \ou have burnt this letter. And I hope
God will give you grace to make good use of
it, unto whose holy protection I commit you.'*

I am sure an ordinary reader can-
not but be struck ^^ ith tlie grept simi-
larity between the general manner of
these two letters. The same profes-
sion of concern — the same allectation
of mystery — the same dark allusions
wliicii the person to whom the letter
was written, could not possibly com-
prehend; and why should ibis be so,
if the writers were not similarly situ-
ate?

Gen. Jackson's letter to Gov. Clai-
borne, is dated Nov. 12th. \Vhaf was
the state of public sentiment \\ ith re-
spect to BiRK at that time? It is very
important to ascertain Ihis; because it
is necessary to a correct exposition of

JACKSON AM) BvnR.

23(1

the probable motives that induced the
writing; of llie letter.

ll has been alrcadv stated that tlic
Qi'KRisT was (Hiblisiiod at Marietta,
(lie first part of September. It soou
attracted attention. But instead of
niectinp; approbation, it was almost uni-
vcrsally condemned and censured. —
The Western Spy, of October 14th,
contained the first public notice of it,
in Oiiio. A writer under tlie signature
of SiDNKV, thus spoke o( the situation
pf the country.

"Fellow Citizens, that there is a plim in em-
bryo to dissolve the sacred compact of our Uni-
on, is no longer a secret: the principals and
their erais^iiries have thought the moment to be
arrived when they may openly declare their
ncfariou? and villainou'' intention*, when they
may sound the alarm, and spixioii^ly deceive
yau to rally round Ihcir rebellious standard."

In tlic ^V'rsTF.RN' Srv of OcloI)er 21 s(,
the same writer resumi'd tlie subject
with equal spirit; and the first number
of a series headed '•<■ n^pinic)/,'' by
"Reculls," was also published. This
writer reviewed and exposed the false
reasoninc; and detestable principles of
the "Querist." In the first number he
held this language:

" In the midst of our happinc«s, in those days
of innovation, certain men have been bold
enough to tell us we are a miserable and op-
pressed people: that our eastern brethren lord
it over us, and that our present enviable situa-
tion is little better than when we were colonies,
under the iron sceptre ol Great Britain. But
the conspirators against the liberties and happi-
ness of the .American I'eople do not stop here.
With a boldness worthy a better cause, thev
assert our happinoss cannot be completed, til!
n dismemberment of the Union takes place,
and two (distinct governments formed; one
eomprehendinj the country easit of the Alle-
ghany, the other the country wc>t of those
mountains. That such views are witlely dis-
seminating throuch the Westttru Statu-, is a
fact, and that a few men of desperate fortune
and character espouse them b no longer doubt-
ful."

These sentiments were soon ascei^
tained to be those of the great mass
of the community. They were strongly
expressed wherever the doctrines of the
^ Quf.rist"' travelled, and the conspir-
ators found thev had deceived them-
selves most egreglously, as to the feel-
ing of the Western people, towards the
National Government. On the 5th of
November, Col. .1. H. Davief,then the
United States Diitrict Attorney for
Kentucky, made, in open c<>url. a for-

mal accusation against Burr, who was
then in Frankfort. F'rom the 5th to
the l^th there was abundant time for
the information to be communicated
from Fraiilvfort to Nashville, and it is
not to be <loHbted, that Burr kept his
colleagues well informed of what was
said and acted, in relation to himself,
and his undertaking. Here then, we
see a motive that might very naturally
operate upon Jackson, and induce him
to ta^;c steps to pre5er\e himself, at the
expense of his confederates; and hence
his gunpowder-plot letter was written
to Claiborne.

The advocates of General Jackson
have the folly Hnd impudence to assert,
in the paragragli before quoted, that
" .to fai from being conarnrd in that ??t-
ftwwus rompiract/, he -cas llic firH to give
the (ikmn."' Now it appeals that he
sounded the alarm, not to the President,
but i<i Gov. Claiborne, and it is an in-
disputable hist-orical fact, that the
President's proclamation against Burr's
enterprise, dated on the 27tlt of Nov.
was founded upon tlie testimony of
many individuals, but Gen. Jackson
was not one of them.

That boats were built, on the Cum-
berland river, is a well known fact. —
Two at least were built at Nashville,
with which Burr descended that river,
embarking at Nashville, on the 22nd
day of December, 1806. President
JetFerson, in his message to Congress
ofJan. 22d, 1807, thus speaks of the
moveiwiits of Burr in Tennessee:

" Not .\pprised until tkri i..\tei.v, that
any boats were pviiding on thk cumber-
LAND, the cHect of the prockimation had been
trusteil to, for sometime in Tennessee. Hut on
the IPtli of December, 'imilar roniniunicatioii>
and instructions, with those to the neighbour-
ing states, were dispatched by express to the
Governor, and a general oflicer of the Western
Division of the state, and on the 23d of De
cember, our conf.dential agent, left I'rankfort
for Nashville, to put into activity the means of
that state hIso. But, by information received
yesterday, I learn that on the -Z'Zd of December,
Mr Curr descended the Cumlerland with two
boats merelv of accommcdntion, carrying from
that stall! no qiieta towards his unlawiul en-
terprise."

Here it is placed beyond nil doubt,
that the President was not apprised,
until verv late, that any boats were
building on the Cumberland, or that
apv hostile moven.ent- were making in

222

3ACKSON AND BURR.

Tennessee. Gen. Jackson, thougli by;
his own assertions, fully apprised of
the movements of tlie co..>pirators, !
and alarmed at the threatening char-|
acter of their preparations, gives noi
information to the Executive of the |
Union; Ijut after the bul>ble began to
hurst, after in<(iiirv was wide awake,
•wrote an ambijjnous letter to the Gov-
ernor of New-Orl'.'aiis; and his follow-
ers have the hardiiiood now to aasert,
that "Ae was the first man to give the a-
larni\'.'! VVI.en the facts I have here
collected together, arc compared and
understood, it seems to me, tiiat the
letter of November 12, to Governor
Claiborne, may be regarded as a
strong corroborative evidence of Jack-
son's guilt. But there are other views!
to be taken of this subject. i

la the proclamation of the 27th of;
November, tlie President recites, that ;
sundry citizens are setting on foot an ,
unlawful and criminal expedition,
"that for this purpose, they are fitting
out and arming vessels, in the Western
Waters of the United States, collect- 1
mg provisions, arms, military stores [
•and other means: arc deceiving audi
seducing honest and well meaning cit- :
izens, under various pretences, to en-j
•gage in their criminal enterprizes: are !
organizing, otfirering and arming them- j
selves coiitrar\ to law," Sec. And in i
tlie same proclamation, after warning
all concerned,, to desist and withdraw'
themselves, u.ider the legal [Mjnalties,
the President proceeds: " aiifi I hereby '.
enjoin and rcfjuirc all ojficfrs, civil and j
mililary, of the United Stales, or of any
of the States or Territories, and especially',
all Governors and other executiir authori-
'ics, all judges, jttslices and other oljirers
of the peace, all military officers of the army
4- navy of the / '. Slates,and OFFICERS
OF THE MILITIA, /o be vigilani, each
ivithin his respciiivc department, and ac-
cording to his functions, in searching out,
and bringing to condign pnnishment, all
persons engaged or concerned, in such en-
terprizes : in seizing and detaining, sub-
ject to the disposition of the laics, all
vessels, military stores, or other means
providcfl or providing for the. s«i»c"

In the quotation already made from
the President's message, it is seen,
'hat the etVects of this proclamation

" had been trusted to for some time in
Tennessee," consequently there can be
.10 doubt, that it was made known
there, as early as December 22, if not
earlier. Yet Gen. Jackson, the., a
General of the militia, one to wjom
the proclamation was specially ad-
dressed, received Burr an inmate in
his house, where lie remained Irom
the 14th of December, to the 22d of
the same month, and then departed
with two of the ver} vessels prepared
lor the expedition, denounced by tlic.
proi'lamation as criminal and unlaw-
ful!! Does not all tliis necessariU in-
volve Gen. Jackson in stroag suspieinn?

I have already shown that public
alarm existed at Cincinnati as ea ly as
October the 14th; that, on the 5th of
November. Burrwas accusi,'d at Frank-
fort, and that on the I9th of December
the stale of Burr's preparation? at
"Nashville was known at Kiioxville. A
letlerwrittenatSt. L"uis,Nov. 9, 1806,
pul)lished in the Western World, a'.d
republished in the Western Spy, of
December IG, 1800, contains th" fol-
lowing passage: '•' great consternation
prevails throughout the Territory, in con-
sequence of some recent communications of
Col. Burr, containing military commis-
sions, for the purpose of endeavouring to
dismember the Uniotu^' When, on De-
cember 14, Gen. Jackson received Col.
Burr, as an inmate of the Hermitage,
it is here made manifest, that he was a
subject of distrust, apprehension and
alarm, through the wiiole ^Vesteni
Country, t'rom Pittsburgh to St. Louis;
and if we take the General's own let-
ter to Claiborne, daied Noveml<er 12,
1806, it is rendered certain, that la-
was hini-olf e.pprised of the true char-
acter of Burr's conspiracy. 1 a'k. how
is it possible to reconcile the conduct
of Gen. Jackson towards Burr, in re-
ceiving him, and counlennncing him.as
a deserving and lu)noral)le man. with
the (lulie> of a good citizen? It i,-
only by regarding him as a party con-
cerned, that his conduct is reconcilea-
ble with the ordinary course of human
action.

By receivmg and countenancing
Burr, Gon. Jackson subjected his pa-
triotism to suspicion, and from this sus-
picion it has never been rescued. H'

JACKSON AND Bl'ltK.—31K- SLOANE'S REVIEW.

2lJs

may have repented him of the evil:
fcut tli;it cannot negative the fact of
participatiaii. Tills however, is not
the only odious feature in the conduct
of Gen. Jackson. His letter to Gov.
Claiborne, iiad denounced a wielded
conspiracy. The General, or his
friends for him. say. that this denun-
ciation applied to the conspiracy of
Burr. What deceit and liypocrisy
must have governed the conduct of
Gen. Jackson, in taking to his hospital-
ity, and treating as a friend, him, wliom
he had thus denounced? But tlie fact
IS one wiiicli requires no illu:<tration.
Everv honorahlo mind must feel at
the first suggestion, its degrading
character.

1 have considerod this exposition of
fiK Is, due to the country; because I
perceived that much of error was like-
ly to interv'ene, in consequence of
a want of con-ect information, as to
the time, and state of facts, depending
upon dates and places. These I have
ascertained witli great care, and ail
who read this article, may rely
upon the accuracy of its statements.
Such reflccticnis as 1 have made, are
intended more fully to illustrate the
proper bearings of the facts stated.
The whole is submitted witli a strong
confidence, that it cannot fail to be use-
ful to all who wish to ascertain the truth.
C. HAMiMOiND.

J. SI.OANE, ESQ.

We republish in this number otthe Advocate,
Mr. Sloane's review of the report of the Milita-
ry Comoii'tee in the case of the six militi;i men,
and we recoinmcnJ our readers to peruse it
carefully. To those who wish to ascertain the
truth it will amply repay the labour of reading
rt with attention.

Mr. Sloane has been assailed with the most
furious and unbecomin;; violence, fur the course
he has pursued in the Presidential contest. The
Ileroites act as if no man, but olie of themselves,
is entitlc<l to his own opinion, or enjoys the lib-
erty to write and speak that opinion. The
j.enalty they impose, is that suggested by the
Cincinnati Jackson letter writer, two yenrs ago,
"<o otenchelm icilk a torrent of obloquy and
reproarhes " This torrent has been poured up-
on Mr. Slo.iii ; It unuie isured qu^intily. But it
tloes T>ot «C!"mlikelr tfj •« pT?r>-*^.'in"him. He

still sustains himself, and manfully advocates

the cause in which he is engaged.

Whilst the reader is examining the review
now subjnittcd to him, we wish him to bear in
miml, that Mr. Sloane is a plain, unlet'ered
mechanic. He is no lawyer, no educated na-
bob, no high toned aristocrat, faring sumptu
onsly every day. Many years ago, when .Mr.
Sloane was an efficient member of the Ohio Lc
gislature, and speak .t of the House of Repre-
sentatives, he was advantageously known to
the public men of the state, as a decided Je/Ter-
soiiian Kc,iublican, and he has never lost that
charhcter, except amongst those who now seek
to prostrate him for party purposes. The me-
chanics of Ohio ought to feci proud, that one of
their own nuinber,a wheelwright by trade.and a
man who long laboured in that business, is now
an eminent and leading man in Congress, sue-
cessfull) contending upon grave and important
legal questions, with the legal dons of the
Southern aristocracy, and deemed an object of
sufficient importance to attract the abuse of
these same dons and all their satellites.
Fiew of trie report of tke Committee of Mititari,

^'iffairs, ill relation to Iht proceedings of <r

Coui t Martial, ordered for tne trial of certain

Tennessee Alihtiamen,

ThH situation in which I stand in relation to
this subject, requires of nic, that 1 should not let
the present session of Congress pass over with-
out making some elTort to place it in a different
light before the public, from that in which it i.-
now placed by the report of the Committee of
Military affairs. From a careful e7:amination
of Iht whole subject, and alter much time devo-
ted to the consideration of the report of that
Committee, I feel bound to say, that not one of
the conclu-ions to which they have arrived, is
warranted by the fdclsiii the case. It shall be
mv purpose to examine this repoil, .and to com-
pare it with the documents, with a view to
show the fallacy of its reasoning, and the un
soundness of its conclusions. In doing this, 1
will not dwell on what the Committee affect to
consider of great im|H)rl,ince in the case — 1
mean the ordiT in whi.-ii the letters composing
the correspondence between the Secretary of
War and the Irovernor of Tennessee, have been
placed by the present Secretary in his commu
iiication of these documents to the House. On
thH part of the subject, it will be sufficient to
observe, that the artangement of these papers
by the Secretary of War, is in exact conformi-
ty with the practice which hns alwa>s obtain
cd, in all departments of the Governiuent. The
Committee, by way of prelude, have thought
proper to enter into a 'criticism,' which, in the
absence of every thing else in the least calcula-
ted to sustain tiieir report, may by them have
been considered of great mnincnt ; but which,
to my mind, seems to be siirh a resort as no
cause, resting; upon a subitantial basis, need to
have called to its support. This ' criticism' of
the Committee shows how much more they
were inclined to suipect error, in the conduct ot
the jiresent Socrelarr of Wnr, thin loclucnlale
facts. To sustain this opinion, 1 give the fol-
hrwimr: The rVtii"iiittee, after rcfcrinr tu tl»e

Oil

MB. SLOANE'S R£\1EW.

lieUeri of Governor Blounlt orthc 10th and 24th '
of Occember, 1813, saj " to both ul' which the
jfcttcrof the third of Januar)',l8l-), ol the Secre-
tary of Wnr is an answer." Thi» assertion of
the Committee, made in what thry call a 'criti- i
cisiii uu the numerical classification, made by
that Department, of the letters composing this,
correspondence,'' »ho«s, inconlcstiblv, the bias
under which they were laboring, and [luw mach
that bias disposed them tumake injuhoils char-
ecs which there wore uj facts to siippoTt. This !
fetter of the Secretary of War, which the Coin- •
mitleesay was in ansvcer to tl>c letter of Cover- [
oor Blount of the :24tb December, I81J, contains i
no allusion whatever to that letter; and had the \
Committee sulTered themselves to reflect with I
due calmness upon the subject, they conld not
have failed to discover, that it was in the na-
ture of things impossible, that a leltiT writt(*n '
at Nashville on the '24th of December, 1813, j
could have been received at Washington and |
answered on the 3J of January, 1814, a i^eriod I
of only ten days. This I say was impossible, j
I'or even now, with all the incrfasctl facilities I
given to the transportation of the njail,it is 15
days in its passage between these points. View-
ing all these things, and disposed to entertain
all due deference for the opinion of the Commit-
tee, I cannot help remarking, that their course
forcibly reminds me of some of those ingenious
devices, often practiced by crafty advocates to
prejudice the mindsofa jury infavorofa client;
buch for instance as the insinuation, that the
court had improperly restricted them in the ad-
mission of testimony, or had otherwise acted to
their ]>rejudice. I have often seen this course
adopted in despsrale cases, and sometimes with
success, when every other recourse was consid-
ered hopeless. Ua\ing?aid this much in reference
to the'critici'ni' of the Committe upon the ar-
miigement of the correspondence, in the Secre-
tary's communication, I shall now proceed to
the consideration of the report, under the differ-
ent heads into which the Committee have divi-i
Jed the subject. I

The first proposition which the Committee i
presents is, " wlictber the Governor of Tennes-
see had the power to order out detachments of i
the militia for a six months tour of service." — |
This! s a question of very easy solution. It is'
one which must wholly depend upon the then
existing laws. Ingenuity may sop/iuticate, and ;
obscure the subject, but legal knowledge and (
plain comm.in sense w ill find no diiriculty in de-
termining it correctly. By the muster rolls ol" ]
the dctaciiiucnt, it appears that these men en- .
tered the service on the !20th day of June, 1314.
The law of that period is well known. l)n the j
28th of February, 17?j. Congress passed " an '
act to provide for railing forth the militia to ex- 1
ocute the laws i.f tlie I'nion," Ac. The 4th i
section of this act provides -s follows: ".And'
that no ofTicer, non-CLinmiissioned officer, orpri- i
vateof the militia, shall Le compeliid to serve j
more than three months after his arrival at the
place of rendezvous, in any one year." This is
the periuanent law upon tlie subject of militia
drafts; see I.aus of the I'nileif States, vol. 'J, I
page 47y. To tliis act an umendment ^vas pas- ^
inil on the 1 nth of April, 1S14, to eonliiiue in i
Tirce iliiring the war with <ireat lirilitiii; the '
8th section of which amendatory act is referreil
lo by llip Conimiltee, and may lie founil in v.d. '
4, p«i;e 70;i, of the Laws of tlie I'liited Stale*.
The part ■'( this act v, l.igli rela.tes lo the case

of these militia men, is in these words : " that !
the militia, ichen called into the service of the
L'nited States, by virtue of the before recited
act, may, if, in the opinion of the President of I
the IJnittd States, the public good require it, be 1
compelled to serve for a term not exceediug sis
months, after their arrival at the place ofren-
desvoiiz, in any one year." These extracts from I
the Laws of the United States, constitute all |
that governs this case. Were 1 disposed to imi-
tate the Conimiltee in oootendiUf^ that this]
case ought to rest upon any [! will not say far "
fetched, but I will sayj nice construction, 1
would contend that to L'ivc a fair operation to
tbo 8th section of the mix of .^pril, 1814, the
orders of tbo Tresidcnf, for the extension of the
term of serrice, must have been issued, at the
time the militia, on which they were intended to '
operate, hnd entered the service of the United
States. The language of the Statute is, '■ the I
militia, tchen called into the service of the Uni-
ted States." f he militia irA^ii; that is, at (te I
time they are called into the service. Had itl
been the intention of Congress to vest the I'res- |
ident with power to determine, in anticipation, i
that the drafts thereafter to be made, were re-
quired by the public interest to be for six months,
a different language would have been used. —
They would not have said, in the language of
the act, " the militia, irAen called into the ser-
vice," &c. ; but the militia lo be called into the
service, ic. The obvious intention of vesting
this discretion in the I'resident, was to provide
for contingencies, which could not be foreseen
months or years before making the drafts. The
Committee state that " it is a circumstance of
indisputable notoriety, and one which belongs
to the history of the country, that these men
were mustered into service eTjiressly for nn
montfis, by an order of Governor Blount, dated
the 20th of May, 1814." Without entering into
the inquiry as to the truth of the " circumstance
of indisputable notoriety," 1 will observe that
there is yet one circumstance, which has not
sufficiently attracted the attention of the Com-
mittee, of much greater importance than the
great notoriety of the requisition of the order
for this draft. I mean the fact, that the Presi-
dent never did ilecidc, nor express his ojiinion
that the public intcfcst required that these men
should be continued in service for six months.
Without this order of the Prcsident.the governor
of Ten. possessed no power, whatever, to is.sue
such an order, i the attempt to retain the men iu
serA-iee after tlic eNpiiation of three months
from the <lay on which they rendezvouseil, was
an assumption of power iu violation of their
rights ; » hich they were not bound to submit lo.
Before any one of these men could be lawfully
punished for leaving the service at any time af-
ter the ixpiratioii of tliree months from the
time they were actually mustered into service,
it was incumbent on those who asscrteu the ex-
istence of such powci, to show by the only tvi-
ilence Hiln:is<ible in the ca?e, that it did exist.
That evidence is confined to the order of the
President alone; nothing else can sunply its
place. l;i the absence of this order of the Pres-
ident, the Comiiiittee, in speaking thus em-
phatically of the "noforulj/ ■' of the older of
Gov. ItlounI, do nothing n.ore than prove
how little regaril was paid to legitimate
authority throughout tliis whole transaction;
and how feeble are the excuses that arc now of-
fered (or the liolation o.*" tlie laiv^whicli ll;ey

MR. SLOANE'S REVIEW.

926

rin? the yenr 1813, the Creek Indians coraiiitn-
ceil hostilities on our soulh-\Te?lerii frontier —
To repel tins aggression, a portion of the uiili". la
of Tennessee wa called into the s-rvicc of the
Uiiilcil States. The operations of this force
was coiiducled by General Andrew Jackson,
who was at that time a Major Cicneral of Mili-
tia. Dilfereiiee of opinion exi-(ing as to the
length of tune the fooi s thus called out were
required to serve, the Governor oi renne-see,
ou the lOth of December, 1 81 J, wrote to the
Secretary of War, indicating a wish that they
might be considered as bound to perform no
niure than a three months tour of duly. In .in-
swcr to this letter, the Secretary of War, on the
third of January, 1814, wrote thus: "The mi-
litia may he couside-ed as hiving b^eu ciillcd
out under the law of 1796, which limits the ser-
vice to three moiitiis. Ih^ President is the
morti disposed to make this deci-ion, as the State
law provides that a period of three month-- shall

Truiisdction embraces. The fact, that no au-
thority to make such a dral'l as that made by
Gov. Blount, was ever given by the I'lesidem,
is now eiju illy notorious with the draft itself,
luid hence. orwaril will he a more authentic pari
of the hisiorv of this country than any thing
else connected with the subject has heretofore
been. It i- one of the most iinpo. taut leatures
of our Guvernment, that under it no uian can
be depnveil of liberty or life, but by virtue of
law duly administered ; and it is surely incum-
bent on those who claim the right to take t i.o
life of a citizen, or who attempt to justify the
pr cess by which that life has been taken, to
show, beyond a reasonable doubt, that there
was law to justify ihc procedure. In such a
case it will not do to deal in far fetched ioipli-
catijns, the case must be made clear. The
lives tif our citizens arc of too much importance
to warrant their being cut oli" by cunning coii-
striictioii of law. biluated as those men were, . , _

1 sa> most unhesitaMiigl), there was no author- ; be deemed a tour of duty : .ind as the spirit and
ity to detain them HI ;:er\ ice longer than llirto patriotism of Tennesii c leaves no doubt but
momhs; and I challenge the production of a th.it a s\trces!fion of carps, competeut to the ob-
titleof testimony showing law to the contrary 'jects of the Government, will be regularly pro-
Having submitted these ob'ervalioLS, 1 will vided." Hero is laid down, ill language as
now proceed to examine the reasoiiinj ol the clear as possibly could be eiiiployd, the inten-
committee upon this point. Their attempt to tions of the President, in regard to the period it
.Icrivc the powf r, to authorise Governor Blount, w:i» expected that the Tennessee rnilitia would
.in the 20ih Ma\, 1814, to order out a miliia ti;ereifter seive. The Sc-retary sa\s — "The
dralt lor the term of six months, from a letter i militia may be considered as having b:>en called
of the Secretary of War, of the lltli January ! out under the law of ITflo, which /»;»iij thcscr-
preceding, is such an overstrained coustrn-tion, ; vice to three months." The reasons assigned
that it seems to rae it must ever be viewed as : for the President having made this decision,
one of the greatest curiosities in Congressional 1 had an iniportam bearing on the ([uestion —
proceedings. Itexposesa fact that no one un- | They are of a two-foM kind. Isf. " That the
acquainted with what political exciteniPiit is 1 State law provided tUat three months should he
capable of producing, could lor a moment be- i deniiod a tour of duty." id. " I hat the spirit
lieve to be possible. There i-. certainly nothing j and patriotism of Tennessee leaves no douLl
in the letter of the Secretary to warrant such j but that a siuccssion of corpj, competent to the
a construction; even had he been authorized i objects of the Govern:neii«, will be regularly
by law to grant the power contended for. Tiie provided." These reasons were of a specific
nhraseolo-y and tenor of that letter lead to a and p rmanent character. They could not be
direct contrary concl-.sion, a= I think I shall be 'misunderstood. The President had, in subslaucc,
able clearly to demonstrate. Were the terms ' decided, that as the State law required but a
used in this letter such as to favor the construe- | three months tour of duty, and the militia hc-
tion put upon it by the committee, the whide of j ing partial to that 'term of service, he wonld a-
thcir reasoning is destroyed by tee fact, that it do>t it for his government. Whilst, then, llio
was written more than three months before the ' State law remained unchanged, and "the spirit
pa-sage of the act grauling to the President the ' and patriotism of Tennessee" contiuued to ex-
jiowcr it is pretended that letter transferred to ist, there was no room to^su-ncct a t^hange ol

ihc Governor of Tcnnes.<-ee, to be exercised by
him as the Deputy of the President. A power
confided to the President to be cxcrcisetl or not,
as his opinion of its tendency to [iromote the
public interest might dictate, transferred to a
jiroxy, is rather too extravagant an idea to
meet with general encouragement in a coiuiuu-
ujty asenlishtened as this is.

.Although I feel satisfied tiiat the circumstance
of this letter being written more than three
months before it could be known that the law
the coiniiiitioe makes it

views on the part of the President. Mark Iho
language in reference to the latter reason. •■'■A
surccssion of corps.'' That \— one draft follow-
ing another; and coming in the place of unoth-
er° required to perform thq same duties, and un-
der the same liabilities, unless chang.d by other
hiws, or varied by subsequent ord( rs. This, 1
think is, beyond a doubt, a fair interpretation
of the letter of the Secretary of War, of the
nth of Jaii!iar\, 1814, in connexion with that
of the 3d, and the reasoning of the Committee
on the im nort of the former. Tins letter they
that authority, which It

on which the reoorl of , . .

operate,issui!!cienttodestroythewholelhenry; as=urcus,i5the b.isisol -.-.,;.„ i,„

I'will, notw;li.standing, endeavor to follow | was lawful for Governor Blount to exerce. by
them Ihroucb their whole argument. Indoing a cull on the militia for a six months lour otdu-
this, it shall be my purpo e to show, Uiat even ty. The lett.r is in the lollo-v.ng word-. You
had this htter been written after the passage are authorised to»uw;'y,by imluia drali ,or ny
of the law of the 18th of April, 1814. n.i grant | ro/nn/ffr.., any dr/n^iry which may arse in
of the power contcn.led for could f.irly be m- | the militia division under «'':;, '=''"''";7 ;';'";
fcrred from anj thine which it contains. jor General Jackson ; and without --^f;^"'''!? "

In o'rder to a full and fair understanding o(\u,is head. ''> this denartmcnt. I"»nyJ°^ *;
the ease, it will he necessary to be a little more that your Excellency sn..uld consult General
particular than it seems t« have suited the Pincknevonsinhoe-a .oi,sa.shecaybe.. . ge
liewsof the committee to he. It will be proper of the whole «"'n*fr.''''<^'-"ff'*'i/° '■ V! iXr
•o take up the subiect from the beginning. Du- mcnt of the public obj.r--. i hn i» Wit iewr

- y

^S6

MK. SLOANE'S REVIEW .

which the Committee say "verted Governor , clutirely that the procee<)iugs of tde Goveroor
Blount with plciinry power until it was rcvukod, I of Tmnessee, io orJering out a deticliiueut of
either by express orders, or by peace, to call militia for a tour uftliree monihf, Ha^^ in exact
out 'uch militia drafts as in his discretion bet conformity nilL the powers intended to be con-
niipht ttiinU neci-sfary for the altainmeiit of tlicl ferrc'l U(Kin him by the li-lii>r i> the Si-cn-tary
public obji'cts under existint laws for cither! of the 1 1 Ih of January. The Secretary says in
three or six months." Will the lanjuapc of' hi» lettrr of (he 3lst of January : "My lettei
this letter bear out the cominittccin their asscr- 1 of the llth will have anticipated your enquiries

relative to further dciai-huicnts of oiilitia.'
As much as to say, your desire to confii c llie
tour of militia duty to three months was knowu
by your previnus coiuniuiiicaiions — the Prt-si-

tion7

I think that no one can look at it, and, with-
out prejudice or prepossession, answer in the af-
firmative. So far from this letter bciUK a pTaiil . .

of Reneral and "plcimrv power" over the whole I dent has acquiesced m your views; of which
i-uiiject of the militia drafts, for all aii<l every I you have been informed. It was foreseen that
l)urposc-, it is, on the contrary, spciirir— limited I this would pioduco a deficiency in Gen. Jack-
to a sill^'le point — a powiT to ^'supply any drfi-\ son's division. Your inquiries have been auti-
uVri-j that may arise in the militia division uii-j cinated by ii r letter of the llth, an^l ynur
der the coiuiuaml of Maior (icneral Jactsun." conduct in c.illinir for a three months dra'u is
"To supply any deficiency ;" that i-, to make approved There can be notliiii;; more plain
good in the first place any ilcficieiicy," which a ' than that this is the fair common sense construc-
cociipliancc with the letter of the Secretary, of , tion of these letters. So much lor the •• .lcii:iry
the 3d of January, 1814, which limited the power" which the committee say was vested in
term of service of the militia, therealXer to be ! Governor Blount. It has already been obser-
called out, to three raonttis, would nece-sarily j ved th.U the "militia division un ler the corn-
create; and all other deficiencies which contin- i inami of .Major General Jackson," to which the
sent circuiiiitances might from time to time pro- j Secretary allmles in his letter of the llth Jan-
iliicc. Not a woril is contained in this lettera-; nary, was called out for the express purpose,
bout the ter.u of service. There w.is no ueces- , (as Governor Blount informs us in his letter of
iitv of saying any thing in that letter on the' 10th of Ucrember, 1813.) of acting against tlic
subject of length of service. That point had i hostile Creeks. The object was of a tempora-
Ijeen already settled by thedecision of the Pres-I ry nature; and whenever th.it was brought to
iil-nt; and communicated in the letter of the! a close, every thing whirh depended upon it
3d of January, 1 8U. The letter of the llth,; ceased to operate, lb. it war at an end. Gen.
it is clear, rilated to the numier of men, and not , Jackson's commauil ceaseil, and the powers of
to the term of service. To iliat point the "|>fc- 1 whatex'er kind, granted to the Governor of
narv poiccr" claimed for the Governor must bc|Teuncs-ee by the letter of the Secretary of
coiiVnied: and that was limited to the militia di- War of the llth ofJauunry, IKM, became re-
vision under the couimanl of General Jackson;] moved of course, because they were conlhicd
and slill farther limited by thedirectiori to con- to thateomniHad.

sull General Pinckncy, as being better able to The Crei-k war closed in April, 1814. This
decide as to what mrnbcr lui^ht be necessary. — fact was aii.iounced by General Jark-oii in a
It must be a very singular kind of "nlemry | letter to the Secretary of War, ila'eil the 8th ol
power" that wa= so circumscribed. To me it j May. 1814. No. 9, of ilociiment 146, communi-
appears that language could not be more expli- 1 cated to the House by the Secretary of War, on
cit. You are authorised "to .supply anydefi-ithe 14th of February last. Geii. Ju' kscin in
ciency,&c. without referring on Wiij /lead to this I that letter informs the Secretary that "the
Department." On what Aeorf.' On the head of Creek war being lermin.iteil, the \Ve:t ("eiiiies-
icugth of service ! By no means. That noint j see troop? will he .litcharpeil at Kayetleiillf<on
had been settled by the Pre.-idint, and orcvious- the 10th; and those of the Eastern division,
ly comm^inir.itetl to the Governor. It harl been w-ho are n>t left to garrison tde posts, will be
settled th It ihe spirit and patriolism of Tenne»- ! discharged at Kingston as -oon as they can be
see were such, that a longer tirm tlian three marched there." Here we have the olBcial an-
inouths would be unnecessary. Should any far- i nunciation of the fact bv Gen. J.ioUs.)n himself,
thereluciil.itionof this point he called for, it is ' that by his own ordir his riililia division was
atforded in an ample manner in the letter of the ili'bnmled early in .M.ty, 1814, and xith it ter-
Governorof the 5lh of January, 1814; and tliiit ininafed the "plenary powi-r" of Governor
of the Secretary of tlieSlstof the same mouth, i Blount. This ili«bandingof"the militia divis-
In his letter of the 5tli of January, the Govir- ^ ion umlcrtheeoiumiind of Major Gemral Jnck-
nor states that he had made a cull for 2,500 mi- i son," took iilacc ten ■' lys previous to the is-u-
litia,and encloses his order, issueil on the oce.i- \ in;, by the Governor of his famous order of the
sion. He proeeeiN further to enl'Tce U|ion the [ -iOlh May, 1814, calling these men into service,
uiiiid of the Secretary the necessity of confi- 1 That this lUot was know toGo\enior Blount it
niiig the militia drafts to a three mouths tour ol , anparent, from his directing his order to Gencr-
service — dei lares that the troops will eel dis- ' al Jackson, who had returned iVom the cnm-
custe 1 at the iilea of a longer tirm — expresses | iiaiiru. This is corroborated by the cireum-
nis fears that any attempt to extenil it might i stance of nil orders issued by the Governor
lead to great evils; anl induKesa hope tli.it the ! whilst thcGcneral was in the field, being direct-
President will approve of hiseondurt. To tbi' I eil ti the "eldest Brigadier General, in the ab-
letter the Secretary rciilies. on the 3|st of Jan., sence of Ihe Major General." The li-ht in

in the following language: "I have had the hon-
or to receive your Excidlency's letter of the otli
inst. My letter of the llth will have aiiticip;i-
tcd your enquiries relative to farther det.ich-
inonts of militia."
This reply of the Secretary shows most con-

which the Secretary of War viewed this "plen-
ary power," which the coinraillee contend he
h.iil vesteil in Governor Blount, may be further
ilhistnted by the circumstance of his alter or-
diTs being such as to exclude the idea that he
understood nnj- such power as liavinc been

MR. SLOANE»S REVIEW.

22t

graiitcil. Hail lie iiii.kTstooil Governor Blount
as being vestoil witli "|.liMiary |iower," in all
tliinn* appertaining to tile calling out ol niiliti •
<lrart5 ilifre >v.>uUl have been no ncci'ssitv lor
aiiyn-lilitional orilcrion that subject. Yetwc
fiii.i that on the 4th oC J 111), It! 1 4, the Sp.iet.vr ,
of War, ilul ifsue his order to Governor bluiinl,
rciiiiiiiii< liini to "organize onil hold in readiness
iJm luditia, uikU r ihe laws of the 'igth ol i eb-
ruarv, IT95, and the IHlh ol' April, 1814.—
This" order goes conlu^ively to provec that
the letter oV the Secretary of War, ol the
llth of Januarv, 1814, w.is intended to apply to
nothm:; more" than the aufpl^^iitg, by niililia
drafts the (/';/ifi>n(.v which might arise in Gen-
eral Jackson's divi=ion wliil.st engaged in the
prosecution of the Cieek war.

In the view which I have presented, 1 cannot
but ihink It clearly shown, that there was not
in the letter .d' the S-cretarv of War, ol the 1 1th
ol JaiMi..rv, It;i4, any authority to the Govern-
or of Tennessee, to call out militia draits lor a
period of six mouths' service. But that on the
contrary, this letter, taken in r«uneclioii with
those which preceded ami follow it, Eives am-
ple nroof that tnc intention ot the I resKtent
was to limit the service of the rennessce tnihtia,
en -aged in the Cre.k war, to Uircc months. It
must be borne m mind that this currespomleiice, ,
and the decision of the President toon place
duriuff the existence of the law of the 10th of ]
\pril, 1812, whicii required a si\ months ser- 1
vice; and wh.-ch law expired on the 10th ofi
Aoril 181''. With these lact= before us, let us,
inquire if it i. at all probable that the Presi- ,
dent, who, at tne earnest solicitation ol the ,
G .vernor of Teiinesbec, consented that men
wtio were legally required lo serve =ix months,
«hould be discharsed at the cxpiratDn ol three
months- and who said that he depended u|;on
the smrit and pa^Mim of the State thercaltcr
to sunpl. '■« '!«"■« oTiq/Vor^s, competent to the
obiecls of the government,-' would within eight
da>s sub-eq.i?nt to that deoi-ion, attempt to
confer a power, which at that time he did not
himself possess to compel men to serve sii ,
months, who by law were only liable to serve ;
three months? Common sense must revolt at |
the promulgai.inofsuch anidea. j

There is still another fact that has an impor-
tant bearin; upon this question, and which ap-
pears to have entirely escaped the ■"•"""■»';';
Committee. It isthU: that the law of the 10th
of \onl, 1812, expired by its o\7n limitation on
Ihe lOth ol April, 1814; and the law which au-
thorized the President tocxereise bis discretion,
as to whether the militia shouhl serve for three
or sis months, di.l not pass until the 18th of \-
mil, 1814, Icavinjan intervening period of cigh
lavs,duriut: which no discretion as to length ol
service, couM be exercised even by the Prf .; |
dentbim=elf: the law of 1795, which l.ni. ec.
the term of service o three months, bcinu' tne
only law remainiug in force. The Committee
,n their report say, that the letter °f I '« ^^«7<^;
tarv of War.ofthe llthJanu,.ry,1814,"vc-ted
Governor Blount with plenary power to call
out militia drafts for either three ors.x months,
until It was revoked either by expres, orders or
bv peace." Hiw will this declaration of the
Comnnttee stand the let to which I am about
to put it? Suppose that on the llth day of .V
pril, 181-., one day after the expiration of the
law requiring under any circumstarices, a six
months term of service. Governor Blount had
SPen proper, under this fancied "plenary pow-

■r" of the Committee, to issue hia orders for a
six in.uiths draft, is there any man who woiik
risk his reputation for sanity, and contend that
,iien might legally be shot to death for relusing
lo serve after the expiraliun of three months,
in obedience to such an illegal order? I think
not; yet, in principle, the case i- the same with
that contended for bv the Committee of .Milita-
ry Affairs. To contend that aftei theexpiration
ofall Ijw except that which related to a three
months tour alone, the discretionary power to
rciuiri! six months was still vested in the Govei-
nor,bv virtue of an authority derived from the
President, before the passage of any law under
which the President could claim to exercise the
nower iumself: and before it conhl have been
known that any .«uch power weuld have been
given to him, i such an unreasonable stretcool
influence as most men would wish to avoid ; nnd
which nope would adopt, except driven to tha
necessity of doing so, in defence of a desperate
cause. Such, however in substance, is the rea-
soning of the C imniittee. Havinir shown, bc-
yond'all doubt, that there was a time between
the writing of the letter of the Secretary of War
ofihe llth of January, 1814, and the order for
calling out thisdraft of militia, when no power_
existed any where to require a longer term ot
service than three months, an interval during
which this pretended "plenary power" had cea-
sed to exist, had become extinct; I should hUe
to know by what kind of legal argument the
1 Committee will undertake to resuscitate it; tins
! ground is utterly untenable: it cannot be sus-
tained; it must be abandoned; and with it
must fall the whole edifice of sophisms with
which it stands connected.

But after all that has been presented on this
subject. If it be possible th it a single doubt
should remain in the mindsof any one who hon-
estly wishes to un.lerstand U, that these men
were not requir d by law to serve beyond the
perioil of three months, 1 feel a confidence that
that doubt can easily be dissipated. The Pres-
ident of the Uuitcl States, as Cominander-m-
■ Chief of the Army thereof, is fully authorired at
; all times to order the discharge o' •>"/ P;*^' "[
the militia in the public service 1 he order ol
! G ;;! Blount of the ^Oth of May, 181 ■•, ca ling
' these men i-do service, aUbough it assumed the
illc-al authorih- of calling them into service for
six months, required that term only on the con-
.lition of their not being '■^""»«' '".T'J"^"' "^
orcVr of the President of the United Stales.
A question now presents itself of vast .mport-
ancc to the issue did the President order the
a" charge of these men: and, if he did, when
waftha't order given? ^''-'J/^ 'r, °C
such an onler v^as given bv «''« .< 7" V "'; ''
must convince even the most "^^I'l'"V/, ' ^
Gov of Tennessee, Gen. Jackson, and the com-
^;.e of .Military Aflairs, have al! n..-onstrned
"he letter of the Secretary of War, of the 1th
of January. 1814. An order by the President

lierVfore they were entitled to a discharge im-
m edi ael • on the receipt of the order by the
romn-anL- General but as to the order itsell;
documen No. 146, of the present '^s-ion, al-
rraT referred to, contains a letter from the
"cr -ary of War' to General Jrck«,n; it n

228

MR. SLOANE^ REVIEW.

No. 2, of thatdogiiment, and is dated the i4th I sionsof deTotioii to the priiici; lis of suborc1in;t
of May, ISU. The following is aiiextract from tiou in military aflair-, than G-iicral Jack^^jo;
that letter: — "-If the hostile part uf the Creeks ! and ciTtaiiilv there i:. no njan, in modern times
19 rtallv broken down: if they are pro'traled i who ha^ eiven so many pralical evide-nce^ of a
before us, and even beggint frum us the mean* ' total disregard of all orilers issued by fujicriors,
of -iibsisteuce; ami if the fnendlv part oflhc'when they did not suit his convenience or ca-
nation, has, in itself, any force and a friendly | price. Thi' remark will be sii»tainetl by docQ-
dispositiou to euipliiy it, [and of all the«e facts oieiits appended to these observations — The
thire is no doubt,] why retain in senice any last of these documents, it will be o. servetl, is a
pi-rtion of the militia! The 3il and S^th of proclamation of disre:rardNof the orders of the
the line f with the friendly Cre'-ks] will be am- j President of the I nited States; which ujion
ply sulGeieiit to cover the ne^ociation, and that ■ General Jackson'- own avuwfd rrinciples, was

terminated, [as you think it may be,] even these
ijjav be carried promplly to New Orleans,
where their services may be wantetl." Here
we have a direct opinion of the President, that
the services ol militia were no lonicr nccc-sary

such an act us must be con'iilered a mutiny of
the most ai^jravated character — .tne lor which
he nui^ht to liave had awanleil to hi:n the most
rigorous penalty of the law. It was a procla-
ruation of a liuld defiance ofihe hiie't mililarv

But this is not the only letter on that subject ; ' authority known in this CMinitr\ , ami which, in
No. 3, of the same document, is another letter : any other country, would hav resulted in the
from the Secretary of War to (iencral Jack- i forfeiture of the life of theanlhor.
eon: it hear- date the '25th of June, 1814, and When all these factsare duly considerad, Ido
holds the following language: — ">'o faith w'as think that sophistry it-elf will not d«re my
given to the iniornrttion received and c<im- lonijcr to contend that there was any le^al au-
municatcd by Toulinan. The report of a Brit- thority for continuing these men in service
ish naval force on our i-oulhern Coast, i- nearly longer, at the farthest, than tlirce' months;
of the same diameter. Having permitted the ! which time, it appears from the Irstimony, they
moiithsof .April, .May and June, toescape with- , did serve, anM served faithfully; and were,
out elTort, on their part, it is not presumable ' therefore, upon evepj fair and Icjal principle,
that they will attempt much during the hot entitled to a discharge on the score of service,
and sickly season. These remarks ;ire meant ; to say nothing of what they were entitled to un-
to apply to your argument for keeping up the | der the orders of the President, which orders
large roilitia force now in service in the Creek i Gen. Jackson, in his letter of the 31st ofJuly,
country, and to furnish occasion to repeal the | 1C14, to the Secretary of War, acknowledges to
wishes of the President that this force be dimin- \ have received, and promises to obey,
ished, and the whole of it disciiarged as early^ This letter is dated at Fort Jackson, the very
OS may consist with the interests of the public, place where all the difficulty occurred. That
There are now 3,1)00 men of this description | part of it relating to the orders of the WesideRt
employed to hold the country against the fu- ; for the dis<:hnrge of the militia, is as follows;
getives who have escaped the destruction you ; '• I shall, as soon as practicable, vi-it the post?
caused among them. It is not probable tliat in the lower country, ordering on the 3d Infan-

the Seminoles, who wisely refused to take part
in the war whenits issue was doubtful, will now
be disposeU to renew the combat on their own
account, and uiideriiotiew reason for so doing.'

try, and leaving this post and Uecatur possessed
by the militia and friemlly Indians, until the
public stores can be transported to .Mabama
heiclits. when I shall, unless otherwise direct-

These letters must forever gift to rest all further \ ed, (iischar:e the militia agreeably to the wish-
questions as to whether tlit enien were reipiired ] es of \\\r President, as expresK-d in yours of the

to serve lur a longer [leriod tnan t^rce months.
It was theopliiioH of the President, asexprcss-
ed in .M:.y.ianil a;-o in Jiiiie, both before andaf-
ter tliey liad been mustered into service, not on-
ly that a period of si!i months sgrvice was not
Iie.:es-ary to be exacted of militia ; but that the

•25th of June."

Under these circumstance?, the attempt to
hold these men to the performance of a six
months tour of service, was illegal and cruel. —
An act dictated by no public necessity. A tran-
saction which however the feverish excitement

public good Hid not recpiire the service ol" mili- i of the present times may lor awhile obscure it.
tiaf.ranj term whatever. That the militia ! will one day be looked upon with horor, and
then in service ought to be discharged, and were will be condemned by every lover of those insti-
ord.red to be discharsred accordingly. .Ml room tutions which, if fairly administered, will, in
for •:i.iitroversj or didereiice of opinion is re- ! this coiintrv, protect the |>oor but patriotic mili-
moved by the-e letters. They constitute the very tiaman, from the persecutions of the ignorant
e.ipress orders rcipiirid by the committee in re- minions of an as'.iniig and -anguinarv le-id.r.
vocation of the faneii'd "plenary power" of Believing that 1 iiiivedeinonstrate.'t Irom facts
Governor Blount. They go farther than an or- | that cannot be coulioverlcd, that the lirst cn-
der revoking his pretended authority, and bring- I qiiiry of the Committee must be answered in
inj; hack the militia term of service to three | the negative, I shall now dismiss that part of the
moDlhs: they order the discharge without refer- i siihjec't, and proceed to examine the otherpoints
cneeiothe term of service; and had General ; of the report.

Jack-on evinced the one twentieth part of the The second inquiry of the Committee is,
proiiiptiiud' in carrying into elfect this as wel | "Whiiher Col. Pipkin's reeiment was so order-
as other orders of the President, as ne has ul- ' cd out, and in eonformit) with suchauthoritv."
wa)» shown in exacting ol>cdienec to his com I This inquiry of the committee reipiires but a
niandi, of whalevir nature, these unfortunate ] few words to answcrit, and toshow that it h.is
.men woiilil have been 'li-chargml long before the , little or no bearing on the case. Power, ex-
exi|irati..n of three moiilhs from the time of erted against law, gives no rieht to inllict a
their entering the service. i punishment lor a refusal in sui'iiiit to its ii=ur-

II is beheird that there never wasn man who, i patioii. llaviu; .shown that the (Hiwer eser-
1=0 short a career, has made more prctcn- i ci-ett by Governor Blount, in ordering out mi-

MR. SIOANE'S REVIEW,

229

liti^i ilrafts for a ?ix muiitli*' tour of duty, uii-
drr color of uutlioritj- ilerived Iroiii the Prcsi-
deot of the Uuiteil ritiitf!', W!n a violation of
law and an outi age upon tlie ri;;hts of the citi-
2e,i^ — a parlicuiardtlailorthcuiauncrin lyhich
this outraeo \va- coiurnitto.l, bi'couics perfcctlN

will urue the i^'iioraiice of a poor friendless uii-
litiainun, as cuii?tilut<ni; the li'°ral qualification?
of the members of u Court .Martial? Ifthe^
do they very iiiuoh impair their elaim to the
character they as--uuic. In tins view of the
case, I Icol confident that thi< Court Martial

inuiiaterial. The co...iiiitt.e are w l.;om.- to [ ifns by no mean- legally competent to pro-
all the advantaiie whic.i it? "notoriety" can nouncesenten'C of death upon any offence vvhat-
give to It. The whole ali'air, so far a- it regard- 1 ever. Krom every thin}: which has been devclo-
etl 'ei-Klh of service, was illeual. " j ped coiiccininc it 1 leel warranted in saying it

Th.- only remaining' imiiiiry (iropoumied by i very much resembled one of those sham tribu-
the •oi.iiiiitlie whirh /eiinir.-s to he answered, I nals, known in some foreign services by the

is itif mini. To thai I will now direct my at
teniiun. It contains two pro -(.--itioas.

1-t. "Whether the soldierii of Col. Pipkin's
re^uiieiH, wh" were arraigned lor cerliiu crimes
and olfenee- b. lore a Court Marii'ii which cun-
Tei ed at Mobile, on the jih ol December, 1814,
were leu'ali. 'rinU"

■2olv. "Whei'ier the Comuiandin^ General,

name of a £)ru"i //fod Court Martial. Di-mis-
sins this part ol thcsubji^ct, I shall next under-
take to follow the Committee in their atteinpt
to maintain the legality of the sentence pro-
uouice'l by this very extraordinary Court .Mar-
tial, which at once presents tlie ivhole subject
mutter a::aiii *brd'Scnssion.

I hav already shown, by facts and arguments

appro'vine the proceedings of the court, proper- | vhich, in my opinion, dely eootradiction, that
ly • xercised the power and discretion vesieil iu i tl.ese men were origiiiallj bound to serve but
him by law." I three months, and not even that long, if the

The lirsi of these propositions appears fraught i President of the I'ni'ed States should think
with that sort of ambisuity which renders it ] proper to order th'ir discharge at an earlier pe-
soi.iewh.n doimlful as to ho'w il was intended ] riod ; that the utmost extent of time the» could
to be iiiiderstooii. The language in which it is j legally be detained in service was until the 19lli
co'iehed would induce a b.lief that the Com- j o' September, 1814 ; that as the President did,
miltee were about to consider toe constitution j on the 24th of May, and 25th of June prece-
of the court, a id the mode ..f its proceedings; i dins, ord"r alt the militia reiuiiining in service

when the wiioie of their argument goes to the
sentences pronounced by it, and not as to the
trial Itself. Trial and coiidriuiiation are very
ditrcrent. A man may be legally tri'-d, but
very illecrily condemned: because his condein-
nalii-n niiy' be against law and evidence. Such,
as 1 feel convinced, was the sentence in the case
under con-idi ration. But in order that noth-
ing may be passetl over unnoticed, which has
the least hearing on the case, I will first consider
the legal constitution of the Court. I think it
has been abundantly shown that the utni^'St le

under the command of Gciir ral Jackson, to be
discharged: and that the last of these onlers
beinj: acknowledged by the General to have
been received by hiui on the 31 st of July, 1814,
these men from that day forward, were not le-
callv subject to be retained in service; conse-
quently, any attempt to exercise martial law
over them after that period, was a violation of
their constitutional rights. .Vfter the view I
have presented of this case, it will be entirely
unnecessary to follow the Committee with a
refutation of their assertions about desertion.

gal term for which the regiment of which these 1 Sec. I say assertions, because every one will
men formed a part could be called to serve, was ' look iu vain for either law, evidence, or argu-

three month?, and three loontlis only. Iiurne-
diutelv alter the expiration of that term, the
obligation on the part of the men to obey, and
theauth'jrity of the officers to command, ceased.
If I am right in tlii' position, then this was not a
legal Court Martial, and, consequently, could
not legally try any person whatever. This reg-
iment! oiliccrs as well as soldiers, were not le-
gall. Ill ser\ ice after they had completed their
three months' tour of duty. The o.firers could
not, therefore, icgilly serve as members of a
Court Martial, after the expiration of that
time, is they were not legally in service. —
Three of the'seven members of this Court were
oflicers of lliis regime. .t, whose legal term of

ment nn that head. Tliis charge of desertion.
So often repeated by the Committee, ai.d which,
with robbery and spoliation, forms such a con-
spicuous feature in their report is, on their pari,
entirely gratuitous; at least as it respects five
of the victims. As to all except one, these
crimes were not charged upon them on their
trial, and could have found a place iu the report
from no other cause than as a means of adding
finish by way of sympho;iy. Why the Com-
mittee should hive travelled out ol the record,
to mention tliese subjects, I will not pretend to
determine; it is suificieiit for my purpose to re-
fer to the fact of their having done so, and
leave others lojudgeof its justice or propriity

service having exfiin^d on the 19th day of Sep- 1 The question of mutiny as entering essentially
tcmbcr, couldnot be legally qualifioil to att as ] into the offences for wluch these men were ar-
membcr: of ^ Court Martial on the oth of Dc- \ raigned and tried, is one which, in its general
cembcr following. Their legal authority to as- i character, is more difficult to ilertnet hai any
sume command in the service of the United ^ crime recognized by our laws. The term mu/i-
Statcs having ex fiired more than two months | ni/, although it has been long in use amonc mil»
previously. On that occuiion they were no , itary men, seems not to have been defined in a
more legally qualified to act, than any other very sati-factory manner. The writcrson raili-
adventurers who nii.:bt think proper to offer tary law ITave hceu comparatively few, and
their services. I am aware that I shall be ans- I hence the great unccrtaint) as to what, in a
wercd, that this might have been good cau=c of I general sense, constitutes the crime. In the
objection or challenge, and that having been rules and articles of war, there are certain <pc-
wnived, it is now too late to ur;e il. I know cified offences, which are declared to be mutiiiy ;
that strictly speaking, that is correct, but, let but this iroes very little towards dcteriiiinini; the
me ask when a subject of this kind comes to be import of the word, which is applied in this ar-
•uuniiird by men who aspire to the rank of bitrary manner to numerous offences very dis-
statrsmen,ii it fair to expect of them that they similar in their nature. It doc< oot appear from

330

atU- SLOANE'S REVIEW.

the evidence in this case, that any of these men
hod been guilty ol any of the offences which,
in the rules anil .(rlicles of war, are 8|)cci6cally
known and rccogiiiwil as acts of mutiny.
Their case, on the ccneral charge, must be jud-
ged of by the best light« which can be collected
from the books of authority on that subject. —
To a perfon who has never undertaken any
thing of the kind, this mi£;ht seem an easy task.
Mot so. .^fter much examination, I have been
able to Dud very little iudeeil which goes direct

Icr ihey have performed « hat they think is the
extent of all th;it the law ha? rctiuired of thim.
To constitute this crime, there must be a moro
dangorou^principleinoperutioii : the indication,
atleHst,of an intention to put down the authority
of thi- orticere by foroe,and to substitutesdiiie oth-
er m Its place. .^ fair sample of mutiny, in ihc
true sense of the wor I, may he found in the case
thiit occurred on board the British fl et ii; the
year 1779, when the authority of the ollici r
was resisted and finally 6uiipres«ed; and

ly to the point. Of the writers who treat of ; whole force governed by a couni* of deleii'
this subject, that it has been in my f>ower to re- 1 chosen from the crews of the different shiio.—
fer to, the most comprehensive and explicit, is i \\ hat is it f.iir to presume in the case of tiic
E. Samuel, whose work was pubhsheil in Lon- Tennessee militia ? Can it for a mopient be su -
don, in 1816. This author discusses the suject posed that they intended to prejudice the «.er-
at some IcULith, examines the history of the vice, or felt an* wish to paralyze "the arm of the
mo"t prominent cases in the British service, GoTernment ! By no means,
and Dually concludes that mutiny is, " rebi llirg j It is shown by the testimony that a very zv\
ag'inst lawful authority." I presume that no eral impression prevailed in the camp that th' .
one in this country will accuse an Engli-h wri- 1 were entitled to a discharge at the end of Ihi
ter, whose work is dedicated to his royal hi^h- 1 months, .ill previous drafts h.ad bffn so <!i
ness the Duke of York and Albany, of a wish charged, or had quit the service of their ov.
to promulgate doctrines calculated to impair a'-cord. They knew that Genenl Jackson h.
the discipline of the army. .■Vcoording to his | always contended for a six moaths' tour, l^i.
definition of the crime of mutiny, there must i that when the President had been appealed ti
have been, in order to con-titute the crime, a j he had dispensed with it,'and that, too, duriu,
•' lawful aiith-Tity," and a " rebelling"' ag.iinst ' the existence of a law requiring that length oi
that authority. That was the authority which service. 'I hi-y knew that tlia'. law had expi.
ill this case was refused to be obeyed ! The an- [ red ; and from the testimony adiluced on the tri-
thority set up and claimed, was the power to | al, it is pretty certain that the law of the IO!h
compel the performance of a six months tourof ' .April, 1814, had never been seen by either tl-.c
duty. To this illegal assumption of power, the | officers or men. It is in proof that rc;.eat>'d a:
men in question refused to yield obedience; and, 1 plications had bi en made to the Colonel ai:
at the expiration of three months, they quit I other offi<crsto ascertain what the law «a ,
the camp, and returned to th^ir respective I but without eff.ct. Under tliis state of thim .
homes. Here was no "rebelling against lawful | an order was published on the iAl of AnguV.
authority." There was no lawful authority announcing the intention to detain the troo,
against which to rebel. The post at which they 1 for six months: hut it docs not appear that an'
were stationed hud been confided to t'le exrlu- 1 thiu" further was doni", by >vay of satisfying th
eivc command of .Militia officers ; their aiithori- j minds of the men, who, it seems, could not f.pr

ty to command had expired with their term of
service; there was, therefoie, in the breaking
up of the corps, and the return of the men to
their homes, no rebellion, no mutiny It was a
sort of interregnum in which there was no legal
military authority. Such instances were corn-

get tlat thev wire American citizens, and ha
rights. The taking of provisions on the 19th i
September, and the preparations for going hoim
appears not to have met with the slightest resis-
tance. The C<iloncl of the rednient, the oih-
ccr in command, was an eye witness to the

mon during the late war. Gen. Jackson's cor- whole procedure. He made no effort to prevent
respondence with the Secretary of War men- it; nor did he int.-'rpoie his authority in anv
tions numerous instances of like conduct ; and way, either by words or actions. With Ihco
many of a much more objectionable kind ; all j facts before our eyes, who is it that ran call this
of which passed off, without any attemjit to in- j a niiitiiiy ; a rebellion, stimulated by evil in-
flict punishment. Indeed so far from any thing j tentions on the part of the men ; an offence for
of the sort being attempted, honorable dischar- j which both law and justice requireil that the

ges and full pay had always been awarded to
troops in that situation; who amounted in all
to a great many thousand men. It would be a
useless waste of time, to take up and again re-
fute the assertion of the Coininittec, that muti

livesof these unfortunate men should betaken?
I humbly conceive there is io unprejudiced man
who can fail to come to a directly contra r_\
conclusion. It appears to have been an affair
in which no violence was used ; an occasion on

ny was committed by quilting the service on the which the conduct of every individual was gov

20th of September ; the day after the full expi- ' "- "- ■-•-- i - i-i^ • .• -i

ration of their legal term of service. The only
point that remain' of this branch of the subject,
IS, whether a mutiny or reludlion against " law-
ful aiitliority " took place, bi-lore the expiration
of the legal term of service ; and if so, how
far these men participated. The criminal char-
acter of every act must, in a great, decree de-
pend upon the qun ammo, or intention with
which it is peifnrmed.

It is not sufficient to characteriic a mutiny in
a militia camp, that a few men are seen pursu-
ing a disorderly course of conduct. Thr idea

erned by the o|)inion he had formed of the ob-
ligations he was under; such as believed they
had fulfilled the rt>quisitions of the law, deter-
mined to return home ; such as doubteO eliose to
reihain. There was nothing new or extraordi-
nary in this. 1 he letters of Gen Jackson show
it to have been a very rominon occurrence. In-
deed such a state of things was to have been
ex pectctl, iVom the continual disposition erino-
eil by the General, to require more from the mi-
litia than the Trcsidont, the chief of the coun-
try and the array was disposed to exact. .A
lew months service in the militia is not sufficient

of muiiiiv cannot be fairly associated with the jto^iblitcrate from the mind of an American

nini|ile wish on the part of a militia corps, to re freeman all recollection and knowli-dge of h

turn to their respective families and friends, af- Irights; and it is in vain to expec from him the

Mn. SLOANE'S HEVIEW.

S31

ibject ?ervilil^' of a scapoy. Wheiievur he is was under iid obligation to sustain tbc illegal
■educed tn t!mt condition, even when under i proceeilincsol the Governor olTeniicsscc. The
inns, ilmt spirit which ha? heretofore nerved his j facts which have since been developed, in hia
irui, and taught the invaders .if our soil hi« su- , correspondence with the Governor of Georgia,
)erioritv, will have departed forever. Let the j in 1818, shows with what delerence he has been
asionarv. abstract, the.ireticalreas.mers on mil- ! disposed to treat the persons anil opinions of

governors of States, whenever those opinions
cuiue in conflict with his views. General Jack-
son must have known that, in order to make a
local draft of six months, it was indispensable
that the special orders of the President, requi-
ring it, should have been given. I am aware
just. If he v\as then satisfied with his aiithori- ! thattottiis it may be answered that, in as much
■ ■ * ■ 'as the i;overnor had issued his orders for a six

tarj discipline, relied on this part of the sub.
ect.

General Jackson was at the post where this
jlle);ed mutinj took place, for s.ime time pr.Vi-
)us to its occurrence. He concluded a treiity
here with the (reek Inilians, on the 9th of \n

y tn continue ihihdelachiiient in service for six
iionilis, it was due to a body of I, IK)0 yeomen
jf the country, that 'he authority should have
seen explained to them. But nothing of this
kind was done. The proccediucs of this court
martial show, most conclusively, that it wa

incntbs draft, he was bound to [.resume that
such an order had been given by the President.
This presumption, in the absence of all evidence
to the contrary, would have been sutlicient to
govern him in deciding a <|Uestion of orilinary

for the most part composed of an ignorant or j or minor im| ortance ; but certainly would not
bloody minded set of men— men regardless of j warrant an order which was to lake the lives of
i.iimau life — men wholly unlit for t.ie trust in six American citizens. When the life of an A
this instance reposed in 'them. 1 here is a p-il- [ merican citizen is at stake, inference must be

pable disiligcnuousness on the face of the whole
transaction; for although the plea is still kept
ui' that these men were hound to perform a six
moiiihs tourof duty, yet none except one were
ollieially charged with desertion. If the parties
who col up this prosecution had been salislicd
that the men were legally hound to perform a
six months tour, why not charge those who had
left the service at the end of three months at
once wilh desertion 1 This would have greatly
implified the case. The law and the fact would
then have been brought to the test. But it was
discovered that to ensure a conviction on a j
charge of desertion, it would be necessary to ]
produce the law of the lOlli of .April, 1814, and
the order of the President, extending the term
of service to six months. This could not be
lone, for the plain reason, that no such order
had ever been made. Hence the preferring of
thechargeof mutiny was resorted to, as the re-
sult of an after thought — a charge trumped up
to suit the occasion without any thing substan-
tial lo sustain it.

The last branch of the third inquiry presen-
ted by the Committee remains to be answered.

"Whether the commanding General, approv-
ing the proceedings of this court properly ex-
ercised the power and discretion v&stcd in him
by law!"

This is a very important inquiry. It contains
the gist of the whole matter. But it will be un-
necessary to recapitulate the facts and argu-
ments already adduced : they will be recollect-
ed, and their bearing on the case must be obvi-
ous. To the mind of a calm dispassionate man,
one not heated by the excitement and delusion
of party feeling, the case presented by the sen-
tence of this court martial for the decision of
General Jackson, must appear one of great
plainness. It was one which is almost e-.ery
day submitted in our courts of justice to the iie-
cisioii of the common sense of our ordinary ju-
ries. It was nothing more nor less than a requi-
sition to decide the law ami the fart. These
men b.id been called into the service by his own
order, in compliance with the commands of
Governor Blount. True it is, that when he issu-
ed that order he was acting as a Major General
of militia, in a subordinate capacity to the Gov-
ernor, aud had then no discretion to exercise. —

But his situation was now entirely changed they tend to the security of liberty. But I do

He was now a major general in the service ofi hope that the good people of this country will
'V I'fMtcd States'. In this nev; situation he' after all. settle down in the plain, commou-scnst*

abandoned. The clear, unquestionable, "in-
disputable facts," Ixith of law and crime must
be shown against him before he can be condem-
ned. Whenever the day shall arrive, on which
the people of these States shall sanction, by
their approbation, the taking of the lives of our
militiamen, ou the princijiles advanced by the
Committee on .Military Affairs, the transition to
a different system of government will not be so
dilTicnIt to effect as many of our ardent patriots,
iu the How of their zeal for the duration of Re-
publican government, had supposed.

But General Jackson was under no necessity,
in this case to rely on t c authority of Governor
Blount as to the legality of a six months draft.
He had received instructions direct from the
War Department, which contradicted, in the
most |)Ositive terms, the inference now attempt-
ed to be drawn from the letter of the Secretary
of War of the 1 Ith of January, I8i4, to Gover-
norBlount. He had received the orders of the
President, stating that, in hisopinion, no militia
force was in that quarter necessary, and order-
ing that they be discharged. He k.iew that it
w owing to his oicn disobedience of this ordet
of the President, that these men were, on the
inth September, in a situation which admitted
of the charge for which they were thus illegally
deprived of life.

i have now finished my reference to facts and
documents, and am ready to answer the enquiry
propounded by the Committee. I s:iy unhesita-
tingly, that" the commanding General, appro-
ving the proceedings of this court martial, did
NOT properly exercise the power and discretion
vested in him by law." I say, that in approv-
ing the sentence passed upon thise men. and in
ordering their immediate execution. General
Jackson acted a mosi cruel and sanguinary part:
one which ought, in justice, to have subjected
him at least to the pointed displeasure of the
Government, if not to the punishment of our
laws. But at all events, it ought at this time
to call down upon bim the conileranation of ev-
ery man who regards the stability of our Gov-
ernment, and the protection of the constitution-
al rights, of our citizens.

The votaries oi military power, and the eulo-
gists of martial achievements, may boast as
much as they please; these are all well, when

•i3Z

.MR. SIX>A\E'S HEVIEW.

opinion, th.it the ^ccunti of ,'ersoiial liberty
ou^ht to be the principal object oi ull gorem-
Dieut; and that he who, umlfr any prettiit,
however specious, without auttioritj of law,
bh:ill take the life of a fellow cituen, ia guiltv
of tyranny, wlmtever pretences he may fet up
of dcTOlioii to public iiiiercil, unil the |>co|;le.
They, it is liopul, will refuse to aid in the at-
tempt to shield from just condemnation conduct
at once so cruel and illegal; conduct such as
has no parallel in this country : and the Ijke ol
which has, of late ycTirs, rarely been displayed
in any country enjoying the ad\'unta^es of civ-
ilization. I know that it is natural 'or men
who i^ive loo^e to feelintr^^ of military enthusi
asm, to look with indifl'erence on tl.e civil ri£;hts
of the citizen, which it is the main object of nur
G-nerninent to secure ; A: hence it is that uiilitary
predilectiou=arcsodancerousiua republic. The
chief value of a republican government consists
not in its superior adaptation to the repclliuc of
attacks from foreign foe". Were thai the main
object of jovernment, it is still a matter of dis-
pute whether it is cntvtleil to a preference. —
The real excellence of a republican iroverniuent
is, that it is always under the control of the oub-
lic will, and the ri:hts of the hujiihlest citizen i=
secured from the encroachment of power and
oAicial violence. It is the beauty and excel-
lence of our system, that, if fairly administered,
it equally secures the rights of the humble
ploughman, with those oi the wealthy landlord
whose fields he tills. It is this free principle of
our civil polity that we now see an effort made
to impair. It is now, for the firs time in this
country, that we are called to witness an at-
tempt to justify the illegal anil wanton destruc-
tion of the li\es of our butnblc ei'izens who
form the rank and file of our armies, bi-cause,
forsooth, their destroyer has gained a splendid
victory!! Such a sentiment, if it once gels
possession of the people of this country, will, I
fear, in e very short time, bliu'hl all thf hopes
of the real friends of human liberty. .Military
service has ever been the capital stock with
which usurjiers have commenced their career;
and public gratitude has altva\ s been the fund
on which their drafts have drawn. Unfortu-
nately for the world, too few of these drafts have
been protested. It has ever been the dispo-
sition of the people to give men possessed of mil-
itary fame credit for every goodquality. Knter-
taiuing a just pride on account of the superior-
• ity of our institutions of government, it is t be
feared that we arc growing careless of the inan-
ccr ill which, on some occasions, certain branch-
es of it have been administered. Wise states-
men have ever regarded indications of that kind
as giving iust cause for alarm. \Ve have ever
been taught to regard European governments
as treating with indifference the rights of the
great body of their people. To a certain ex-
tent, the opinion is certainly correct. But i
there are instances in English hi-lorv of oflieers
whose conduct nearly re'embloil that of Gen.
Jackson ill the present case, who have forfeited
their lives for the crimes thus committed. The
case of Joseph Wall, sometime Governor cf
Gorce, in .\frica, is u prominent instance of
that kind.

The history of the case may be found at large
in the 'Jllth volume of Ilowell's State Trials ;'it
is long and tedious, and 1 will only refer to n
few of its principal feature-, in order to show
the analigy which exists hetweon it and the
jaic now under coHsidcration. Tho case of

Governor Wall is familiar ti> -very person of le-
j iral research. He was luuicud lor the murder
; of Uenjaiuiu .Armstrong, a.d tried at the Kid
I Uailey, on the JOtb of January, l'M2. Arui-
I stroi g was a serjeaot of a company composing
I part of the garrison. He hao olTenOed the Gov-
{ emor by apjieariug at the bea J of a portion of
] the men before the g.>vernmeiit bouse, to oeinand
I certain alleged arrears of ompens ttioD. 1 Ley
I were ordered toj'eturn to their uuarlers ; but ou
a second appearance in the same situation, the
Governor ordered a drum-head court martial,
under a pretence that a rt-xjuest to be paid what
i tfaey alleged »asju-tly due totnem, was an act
j of mutiny. The -eult;itce ol th.s court w.is.
j that Armstrong should receive ii l.irgc iiutuber of
I lashes, of which, a few days aiurwanls, he di-
j ed. Twenty years afier the perpetraUuii of
j this outrage, Uie culprit was arrdigne<l for uiur-
Ider.andaD English juiy gave a verdictiof^uilly,
on which venlict au English jud^r prjii.juriced
' sentence of death, and the criu iuai was ixecu-
! ted accordingly. This e\enloccurre.l at i !ime
when the marlt.il spirit in that country u.is,
J perhaps, at its greatest height; aid is .in e>i-
I dence of the just conception of the dilfiieiice
between the execution of legal aulhorit;., and
j cruel tyranny, very creditable to a people i-ii|>-
I posetlby many amongst us to have become the
; mere slaves of pow?r. If, under a covernmcat
such as that of EitcUnd, the niun who tra>ji !es
, on the rights of indii iduals, ainl wantonly lakes
the life of an humble private soldier, is cundcmn-
I cd by an English jury to suffer lor his crimes
upon a gibbet, shall uc submit to be told, in this
country, by those who are evr and anon de-
claiming about the rights of the people, th.it acts
of the same character, when coniiuittod here,
shall be a passport to public fa>or ; that it is our
duty to hug such persons to our bosoms; con-
sider thero as public benefactors, and conk-r on
them the greatest honor in our power to besto^v ?
I trust in Heaven, that such doctrines will nev-
er be generally sanctioned by the public votes i:i
this country ; but, on the contrary, that it will
be the unau'iiious decision, that l.e who, iu tliis
manner, may have contemned our 1 iws, ought
never to be entrusted with their udministratiou.

J. SLOAN E.
(Note A.)
(Copv.) Wah Department ^

Fcbru,,ri/6lh, 1»13. J
Sin: The causes of emboilying and march-
ing to New Orleans the corps under your com-
mand havinccea-ed toexist, you will on the re-
ceipt of this letter consider it as disaiissed from
public service, and take measures to have de-
iivereit over to -Major General Wilkinson all the
articles of public property which may have
been put into its possession.

Yon will accept for yourself and lh« corps
the thaidis of the I'resident of the Uuilei!
Stat.-.

I have the honor iic.

J.ARMSTKO.NG.
Major General J \cKso^', .Vcir Orhans.

Mississippi Trrrilori/,-22d Mare/i, lUlJ.

Sir: .My letter of the I5th inst. inlnrraed
you, that I had received yoursoflheSthof Jan-
uary, 1813.

I have now tlie honor to inform you, that I
receivfd undor cover from .Mapir Gen Wilkin-
'oii, ofdatc .March Qth your notitiralion to him,
without date, but post marked February 8tb.
1813. which runs as follows.

/

MR. SLO.WE'S RE%7EW JACKSON AND DICKINSON.

233

" Sir : Tlie militiu force organiztnl by Gov-
ernor Blount, ii!m1it coiiiniaiid ol CetieralJack-
lon, expedited to Ncn-Orluaiis early in l:ist
nioiitli, 15 dischiirgtd Irom fuithi r fervice. Tlic
Gcri. isrequireil to liave deliverfdover to your
uireclioDs, such nrticit^ of public propcty nt
have been comuiitteil (o thcni.

JOHN ARMSTRONG.

Tour notlticntion to me, reeeivod as above,
411(1 haviii!; 110 Wiiilitia force organized" miiler
my commaiiil, places me in a delicate situation.
I have the honor to coiiiiuaiid only an organ-
ized volunteer cor])S enrolled and tendered to
the I'residcut of rlic United Stati'S. under the
act of February Clh, 131;!, and whose service?,
with my own, were acce[ited and made knov.u
to me through Governor lilouiit; but tl.c Pres-
ident, under date, War Department, July 11th,
1812, and all the ollicers under my cominanc[.

this your impartial rule; and this reward to
whom ? men of the first character, patriotism
and wealth of tha Union; who left their com-
fortable homes and families for tented fields, to
support the F.agles of their country atany point
ordered by thcconstituteil authoritie!'.

ANDUKW JACKSO.V.

(Note B.)
Extract from General Jackson's order.
"DIVISION ORDF.R.

Adjutant General's Ofitce.
Head Quarters Dhisionojthe SauVi.

Nashville, 2Jd April, 1817.

"The commanding General considers it due

to the principle of subordination which ought

and must exist in an army, to prohibit the obc-

don n to a C;iptaiiu have been oomiiiissioneil by ! dicncc of any order emanating from the De-

the Vre^dent of the l/nited States, on the 21st
of Nov. lOl-J, in juirsuanee of his authority uri-
<ler tbeact of(,'oiigress,of July Cth, HUJ: lience
the words in your notification to Gen. Wilkin-
sun, "ori'aui;frf miWi'a," cannot be applied to
the detachment under my command. But
li^om your communications to Gov. Blount, Ma-
jor General Wilkinson, and your unolficial note
to me. of January jlli, 1813, I infer that the
wishes of llie Government are, that the detach-
ment un<ler my command, is to be discharged.
I have, therefore, ordered their return to Nash-
nlle, Tciin. There being no direction for the
payment of the tronp=, or their supplies on their
return home, by you diVecled ; from a perusal
of the law on the subject, I find 1 have been
correct, and anticipated the intention of the
Government, in ordering supjjlies of
'isions, and conveyance for the sick and
their necessary baggage to Nashville, where
they viill be discharged. The law runs tlius:
'■ That whenever any officer or soldiers shall be
dischar<:ed from the .service, he shall be allowed
his pay .ind rations, or an equivalent in money,
for such term of time as shall be suliicient for
him to travel f^om the place of his discharge t

partmentof War, to officers of this division,
who have reported and been assigned for duty,
unless coming through him as the proper organ
'of communication."

Here we have the order of General Jackson,
oGieially promulgatetl, prohibiting the oiTicers
of hisdivi-ion from obeying any ortleror peform-
ingany service in obedience to direct and pos-
itive commands of the President of the United
States, "emanating from the Department of
War." And yet we arc told by the Commit-
tee of Military Affairs, who undertake to in-
struct the nation on the great importance of
mihlary subordination, that the condect of
General Jackson in taking the lives of these
unfurtunjite men was absolutely necessary; be-
cause it was "striking a severe but salutary ex-
pro- ample in the minds of those who were liable to
■ be misled." Such is the difi'erence sanctioned
by the opinion of this cociinittee, betvfeen the
conduct he has ever prescriheil for himself, ani
that which he has dictated for others^he dif-
ference, in short, between his precepts and his
examoles. I should have given the whole of
this anomalous order, but that all whicli follows
what has been already given; consists wholly

the place of his residence, computing at the | of the reasons which prompted it« publication,
rate of twenty miles to a day." There being tint! was therefore,consiilercd to be unnecessary
no direction to pay the troo"pshere; no com- 1 '^c^'""' f""' "'" deliberate determination, on
peniation directed to 'ic given to ttiem in lieu of! tl'e part of a high military- officer for_ publishing
rations, I have ordered the Contraetor and

a bold defiance flf the orders of the President oi"
the United States, the commander-in-chief of
the army ; and by one, too, who had often sign-
ed the diath warrant of such as lie chose to sttv
had exhibited a spirit of insubordination, though
not ono-tvyenticth jiart as re;'rehensiblc us was
this onler, could not be very important in siis-
tainifig tbe rejiort of the committee.

Quarter Master, as you have been advised in

mine of date the 15th in't. to furnish the neces-

sarv supplies for my detachment i»n their return

to Kashville. I have been detained ever since

the l3lh inst. by llie agents of government, but,

in justice to Mr. Brandt, I would observe, that

every exertion has been ii.^cd on his part to cx-

peilite our departure. I have, however, been

notified tliat necessary supplies will be ready

against the 2olh in"t. when I shall take up th«

line of march for Nashville; at which point,

or some other with in tin? State of Tennessee, I

liope they will be directed to be paid otf, and

the Paymaster be furnished with funds for thii

purpose. 1 have a hope (although not ordered

to a theatre of war) that my detachment merit June, 180G, has heon q;cnerallv madtf

asmucb iron, our Government, as the detached known. The circmn-ta'iices, too, have

militia from this Territory, who are ordered to

I JACKSON AND DICKINSON.

The fact that Gen. Jackson killed
Mr. Charles Diclcinson ii> a duel, in

be paid and discharged at Baton Rouge.

Vour note of the olh of Jan. 1813, directs thai
two thousand vpell organized volunteer?, nniler
the acts of Congress of February 6tb, and J uly
tJth, 1812, are to be dismissed at New Orleans,
^tboutpayora compensation for ration). Js

7.

heen explained. But it is conceived
proper to insert them in the Expositor,
that tliey may he preserved more cer-
Uiinly, and more coiivenjeiilly referred
10. than in a newspaper.

•At

JACKSON AND DICKINSO.V.

in consequence of which he received
the following note from Gen. Jackson:

"Mr. Kastin — I ani iuforiaed thnt at the
request of jundrv citizens of Snshvillc, and iu
Ticmitv, you are about to dress your paper in
.M0UKN'I>G, as a 'tribute ofr^sp.ct for the
memory, and regret for the u.ntimely death ol

The following statement of the cir-
cumstances, was published last sum-
mer by a person who received them
from Doctor Catlctt, the second of
Dickinson.

"Geocral Jackson and Mr. Dickinson made , - r> ■ ,

a race, and run the four mile heats for five thou- Charles Dickinson

sand dollars ; the heats were broken, and each Y, n.- paper ,s the publ c rehic e and .s al-

heat tightU contested. Mr. U.ckinson's rider way, taken to be the pu.l.c «-.ll, unles, he

«.id h/had loa ther.cebv foul fdav, and .hat 1 f -J^^'f > APr'Tv' Mn r « V I'v / . ?hU v.f ^ ^."
Gen. Jackson's nders had jostled him near the '-IC IS NOP IN MOLR.MNG at this event, ,u
close of the last round ; Gen. Jackson, on hear- (justice to that public, it i> only lair and right
in?thi. charge, said he would hold any man i to «■» forth the names ok those ciTIZE.ns,
personally responsible, who dared to accuse his i who have made the re.,ue=t. The thing is so
rider of foul play. Dickinson answered, "1 be 1 novel, rhat the names ou^i.t to a pear that the
lievc my boy's statement to be correct, for I : public m.?h.judKe the true motives ol the sign-
never knew him lo deviate from the truth." , "a 'were a tribute ol respect lor the deceased,'
This was followed by a dispute, whi.h ended ; or something else, that at nrsl sight does not
by Jackson's sending Dickinson a challenge, i apP^ar. Yours with esit^ni, ^,

which was accepted. The terms agreed on 1 A^UKtvv J;\C,kSU.>.

were— that the |>arties should fisht at ten prices, June "> '=>"»•
that a snap was m-t to he considered a fire,i-c. | jj^j- ^.^\\ ^f Qf.j^^ Jackson, induced

Mr. Overton, Gen. Jackson's second, and Ur. i • j- ■ j i j.„ .. ..kj »k„;..

Catlett, Dickinson's second, threw up for the [Several individuals to «lthdiaw thcil
word; Overton won it. When he gave the | names from ihc request to drCSS the
word 'fire,' both Jackson and Dickinson piilli d Ip^ppp ju moUminE;.
their triceers at the same instant. Dickinson's," l„, ^ ^ ^ ^ . . ,

b .llVrazed Jackson's breast, slid.tiv touching | These facts i.ie of great importance
the skin: JACKSON'S PISToL \\F.NT TO in forming a just estimate ot Gen.
HALK-COCK. HK .NODDED TO THH Jackson's " character. No inference

TOOK''DluBER':4Tt'AIM,rNl.Ki^^^^^^^^^^^^ drawn from the

MR. UICKliN-f'N. Mr. D. after firing stood j causc. in wiiich the duel originated. —
firmly and silenti.v, and received Cen. Jark- Unfortunately for the couiitrv, most of

son's fire. The imblic excitenjent thence i , ,. , •' . .y ■ rju-! i.: ,j „..„

arising Hcainst Gen. Jackson was so ,i.at, that I the hves lost, in atlairs ol thl> kind, are
Mr. Overton was induced to offer a certificate, j sacrificed to discreditable quarrels,
for Dr. Catlett's signature, prepared with a : jjiowine OUt of transactions, ill which
view to allay It, which certificate Dr. C. refused ;^,^^ J and virtuous men have no con-
cern. Fut the mani'erin which Dick-
Lest the candid reader may :>PP'^^- inson was killed, thou-li aerecablv to
hend thai this is an elecliom-erin^ tale, ^j^^ j,,,,^,^ ^,- ^^^ j„pj_ „ .,,- ^^■^^^^^: ^^_
got up now, to afloct Gen. Jackson s , p,.„.,p|,,u) {<, Qgn, Jackson. It is the
election to tie Presideiiry, it is deem-

I

pre

onlv instai cc now in general recollcc-
ed adviseable to publisii several cor- ;. jj^^-^ -^^ ^^,1^;^,^ ^„^,,^ advantage over an
roborating testimonies to which "'o j,„t,,^,„„ij,f_ j,^.,, i,pj.n i,„j,roved. It de-
such objections can be made. monstrates a feeling of rancour, and a

At the time of the duel, there was ', thirst for vengeance, that resemble^ an
pubUshed in Nashville, a newspaper, evil demon, more than a human being,
entitled "7'Ac Impartiul Rceicu; «Hrf | No doubt it was owing to this circum-
Cumbi riand Rcposit'iry. Tliis paper of | stance that public feeling was so

' stronglv excited. Tlie very fact of
the excitement, is |Hoof of something
uncommon in the manner ol the duel:
for the thing itself was not unfrequent
in that country.

Gen. Jackson's note to the editor
proves both his callosity of feeling and
The same paper contains aUo otluMi his arrogant and overbearing disposi-
interesting details in relation lo the tion. He had murdired a felloe citi-
transaction. The editor statc^, thai zen, esteemed and respected by his
a written request had been made to i neighbours. Those neighbours, b}
him, by sundry citizens, to dress his : way of indulging their ow n sympaihies,
paper in HKiurning, upon the occasion ;' and for the purpose of soothing the

the 7th of June, 1806, contains an ac-
count of the duel and of the funeral
of Mr. Dickinson. It adds:

"There have been few occasions on which
stronger impressions of sorrow, or testimonies of
greater respect were evinced, than the one we
have the unwelcome task to record."

JACKSON AND DICKINSON.-GROAMNGS OK ONE A-

-W J N. 82f5

sorrows of analllictcd wife and friend?,
proposed that the newspaper in which
the death and funeral would be an-
nounced, should be dressed in mourn-
tng. At this proposal Gen. .lacUson
lakes otfence, and, in a manner not to
be mistaken, insists upon having made
public, the names of those who nmde
• it. Thus saying almost, in terms, the
public take no interest in the fate of
Dickinson. The true inoiivc, of this
movement, is one inimical to me, and
as such 1 shall resent it. Surely, little
favorable can i)e said of the state of so-
ciety, in a place where such things as
these are tolerated. The arrogance
of the homicide was even more intol-
erable than his brutal insensibility. At
the very time wiien tlie victim of his
vetigcaiicc lay a cold and lifeless corpse,
in the habiliments of the grave, sur-
rounded by a frantic wife, and mourn-
ing children, he was not only untoucii-
ed by remorse, and unmoved by com-
passion, but had the audacity to min-
gle in the affairs of tlie funeral, and
indicate a dcteimination to embroil
the surviving friends in a furtiicr quar-
rel, .anless they look counsel from tear,
and submitted to liis dictation !'. Vve
know nothing of the kind, in which hu-
manitv and decency have been so
scandalously outraged.

In other cases, the successful duel-
list has deemed it a duty, so far to re-
spect tiic feelings of relations,' and the
opinion of the community , as to with-
draw, for a time, from the scene of the
homicide. Upon most occasions, the
survivor is deeply alilicted at the result,
and a man, who feels as a man should
feel, at occasioning the death of his
neighbour, could never think of resent-
ing public sympathy, as an offence to
himself. But Gen. Jackson was then,
' as now, so much wrapt up in himself,
and had so long given the rein of indul-
gence to his imperious temper, tlial he
could brave that, which any other man
would shrink from, as from infamy.—
What would now be thought, in any
part of the Union, should a surviving
duellist ol)trudc himself into the fune-
ral obsequies of the deceased, with a
publication like that of Gen. Jackson?
We are much mistaken if he would
not be instantly overwhelmed with one

universal expression of contempt and
execration. Is the deed less charac-
teristic of savage feeling — less to be
condemned and reprobated, because
perpetrated twenty two jears ago by
Gen. Jackson? V\'e think not. And
as «e are not of the number, who
hold that a deed is excusable or cen-
surable in reference to the person who
commits it, we deem it proper that the
public should be made acquainted with
the offences of Gen. Jackson, against
morals, law, and decency, the commis-
sion of which, spreads over his whole
life from the seducton of Mrs. Rob-
ards to the slander of Mr. Clay,

GROANINGS

OF ONE A \V J —

— N.

TO BE HEARD DECEMRER, 1828.

"Cxsar aut nullus, was bis aim,
Caesar non venit — "nui/i« caiuc '."

Oil I lud I am di.=hec! — Oh sous I I'm undone,

1 must give mjsclliip to despair —
For Adams, that rascally turucoat has won,

And is still ia the President's chair.

In vaiu did I fight so, behind cotton bags.
Which gained me such glorious renown —

In vain turned so pious — the curst Adams wap
Said the world would not swallow it down.

They say I don't know e'en our G'ography
here.
But I know enout,h plenty forme;
I know Washington's up in the District some-
where,
Ani\ Kentuck I know a'nt Tennessee.

But a phoo '. for your laming — for where is the
use?
If a man should go off on a (our,
There's any black nigger, that's walking the
street,
Can tell him the way, I am sure.

1 murder King's Englisli, they say — so 1 will —
For it shows true American pride —

I lialK all your im»t, and your Englishmen too,
And every thing Kngliili beside.

Then a nice xcriling-'man I have hired for my

U5C,

To hide the bad spcUn I skratcl,
.\nd tkein are assart how ray grammar is bad.
Don't know nothing about it at all.

Though spouting sometimes in the Senate, 'lis
true,

I've stammcr'd most sadly and blundered ;
But if I've occasion to make a speech now,

Van IJuren will write me a hundred.

"The three R's — honest 'Rithmctic, Reading
and 'Kiting,

1 think, I can say, I'm no fool in —
Considering my time was so took up in fightinf.

That I only had three quarters teltooling.

330 GROANl.\G'S OF 0\E A W J-

•WUITI>\V ASHING COManTTEK

1 bateCliiy— 1 hale bargain— exce;>t a? a bet i 3. Did a man of the name of Swan
On againc-rock, orhor*Dat the race.; ever challenge Gen. Jackson, in consc-

1 like une of Clay s acts, though — 'tis so much . = , ' ,. , ,

like me, quciicc of a quarrel OH a race ueld?

When he fought with slim JoUnM ten paces, | Did Gen. Jackson refuse to meet liinn,

Ami then about that -Mr«. Robardf afliiir— [and afterwards assault him with a
That, loo, the>-ve t.,lil Adams and Claj— ; posscof mvrmidon«.anddid Swan throw

Had it never Uakid out, I'll make bold to uc- f. i i . i i u ■ .i »; y

,u„ ' the redoubtable Hero m the hre?

clarc
'Twould not be known to this Jay.

Then poor Mrt. Gin'ral — I blush when Tts
told,
IIow tliey laughcd-(I can never forgive her)-
Mfhen she said that "^becotch'd a most xioleut
colli.
For the Gin'ral had kicked off the kiver.'"

Though every objection I've answered enough.
Still the Adams mfn jabber and squall,

'Bout militia rnvn — marriages — mornit i siuJT,
And war — and the deuce knows what all.

3. Did a quarrel and duel ensue in
consequence, between N. A. McNary
and Gen. Coffee, in which Coffee was
wounded?

Did a paper war follow, between-
j McNary- and Jackson, concluded with
a challenge and a compromise?

6. Was Jackson second in a duel be-
tween Tiios. Dickinson and Thomas

,, , r, J . . . , . I Overton, in which the latter was bad-

Make me President once, and the scounilrr is , i i .

shall feel- ly wounded?

With my /j£ 'gainst the wall would I jam | 7. Was Gcn. Jackson Second in a

rr.u ^'."Ir . .1. ■ ■ uu u .u i , t ducl Iiclween Alexander Donclson.
If they still made Ihcir jabber — by thunder ami • <■ a< i i it w

■^ steel I nephew oi illrs. Jackson, and J. \\ ni-

I'd j/ioot every rogue of 'em — d — nVm" I ston , two lads about eighteen vear< of

age? and did the}- light at six feet

distance?

8. Was Jackson second in a duel
between Jesse Benton and Gen. Car-
rol? Wa- Jackson charged with foul
plav, out of which gr<-w (lie celebrated
aflVay at Nashville, between Jackson,
Coffee, and the Bentons ?

9. What was the character of (he
Hero's quarrels with John McNairv,

low one of vour own bodv, David

TRASH.

*NoTE. The author is no more blaiueahlc
for the "/iflicT icori/.!" made use ol by the Iltro,
than Milton and Byron for the blasphemies put
into the mouths of Satan and Cain. The lan-
guage and sentiments must be characteristic of
the speaker. — .V. J. Englc.

nHlTE-WASIIING CO.-tf.lIITTET:.

Gentle.'>iex: — You seem to have

suspended your operations, and resign- j McGavock,Wm. Polk. Robert Weaklv,
ed your functions, (o (he redoubtable j John Strothcr and Robert Haves?
edilor of the Nashville Republican.— 10. Did John Brown, a soldier of
As his labours do not appear likely (o the Revolution, die in jail, at the suit
be more clficacious than your own, and of Gcn. Jackson, for debt? and in what
as you have not formally renounced manner did Brown offend the chieftain,
your official character, I take the %- soas to provoke this rigor?

certain suggestions, of n. What was the" nature of the -

eriy of makin

matters t'lat seem to require your es-
pecial ititerfercncc. Your attention is
earnestly asked to the following sub-
jects:

I. W'as Hugh L:twson White's
brother, tried for murder before Gcn.
Jackson, when a judge, and the trial
pressed, iV tiic absence of n nntenal
wilnc«,sfor the state, so as to secure an
acquittal, and attach the said H. L.
'\\ hite. to Gen. Jackson ?

castigation the Hero received from
Hugh .Monlgomery, and who relieved
the said Hero from its further inflic-
tion?

For what did Jackson challenao,
and fie;ht n dud with Col. Kvery? —
Can Gcn. .Adair give any expl.ination
of the matter?

1 Q. For what offence was Jackson
bound,lo keep the peace towards on(>

I Lewis Kobards, before Robert Wejikly,
2. --Had Gcn. .Tackson ever an at- ^ I'sq. a justice of the peace, about the
fray with a man of the name of .Mack- year 1700?

lin? Did Gcn. Jackson get a cudgel- j" 13. Upon wliat account did the
lingin that alliav; and what part did Hero quarrel with John Donelson?—
Gcn. Colico and W. T.Lewis bear in it? 1 Where was he when a warrant sued

WHlTE-WASHim; COMM1TTEE..-PRECIOUS CONFESSIONS.

231

of 1825, when Mr. Clay had the inde-
pendence to prefer Mr. Adams for
President, over Gen. Jackson. Upon
that occasion Mr. Clay spoke of Gen-
eral Jackson as a '■'-mililary chipftain,^'
and although many of those who now
shout '•hurrah for the Hero^' had pre-
viouslv designated him by the same
terms, they at this time steadily de-
nounce Mr. Clay, as the first who ap-
plied these terms to him, and speak «f
them as highly offensive.

It has been Mr. Clay's misfortune re-
cently to give new and very heinous
olFencc to the chieftains worsiiippers,
in relation to the same subject. In a
short address to a tew select friends, in
Baltimore on the 14th of May, Mr.
Clay held the following language:

"Regardless of all imputation'; and proud ol
the opjiortunity ol Ircu and unrestrained inter-
course- with all m V fellow citizens, if it were phy-
sically possible and compatible witli my official
I duties, I would visit every state, jo to every
town and hamlet, addre'^s every man in the
Union, and sntreat them by their love of coun-
try, by their love of liberty, for the sake ol
themselves and their posterity — in the name of
their venerated ancestors, in the name of the
liuiunn family, deeply interested in the fulfil-
ment of the trust committed to their hands —
j hy all the past glory we have won — by all that
awaits us as a nation — if we are true and faith-
ful, in gratitude to Him who has hitherto sig-
nally blessed us — to pause — solemnly pause, and
contemplate the precipice which yawns before
us; If indeed, we have incurred the divine dis-
ples.sure, and if it be necessary to chastise this
*^ i people with the rod of his vengeance, I would
more into detail. It « ill not do, to : humbly prostrate myself before Him and im-

land with
with any
or a blind

out against him, by J. and \Villiam
Donelson, was ret'irned not found?

14. For what occasion did Jackson
tnko,witliout leave or license, thecanoo
of Tim. Dcsmambrum, subjecting him-
self to a suit which was prosecuted,
and judgment recovered against him
for the same?

15. VVIierefore did the Hero quarp^l
with Governor Sevier a J Gen. Rob-
inson? Why did he challenge Sevier.
and how was the ([uarrel adiusl'^d? —
Had a man of the name of Van Dyke
any hand in it?

16. What was the nature of the
General's connection with two Vir-
ginians, of the name of Coleman and
Green? (not Gen. DulF.) and did his
wrath against Dinsmore, grow, in anv
way, out of that connection?

17. Was there a funeral at the Her-
mitage, shortly after the address of
Buchanan was received there, last
summer? Does there hang any tale
by this interrogatory?

You will perceive, gentlemen, by
these interrogatories, that I am in pos-
session of more or less information,
upon many matters involving the
character of your idol. I have named,
for the present, persons only. If sat-
isfactory explanations arc given, the
subject may he put to rest. Other-
wise,! may, at a future time, go a little

say
by

,that this mode of putting .meries. I p'^'"'^'"'' ""^'''=)' '""'■' "i"" favored
•111 • .1 X ■ I war, with pestilence, with famir.e,

anonymous scribblers, l, the trueLeourge other th.n military rule,o.

assassin mode of attacking reputation, and heedless enthnsiasm for mere military ic-

Remcmber, it was thus the mvrmidons ""wn-"

of your chief attacked Mr. Clav. It The wrath of our Jacksouians at

is thus they have assailed, and con- 1 *^'c em])l63 ment of these terms is al-
most boundless. The recital of them
operates on their senses as violently as
the coflin hand-bill, or the words Mrs.'
Robards. It transporls them out of all
discretion. And the eflect is the same
from the highest to the lowest; from
Hugh Lawson White to Amos Ilolton.
Irom Moses Dawson to his correspon-
dent Knickerbocker, or the Down
Looker of the Republican. One and
all, they insist thai Mr. Clay has put

ward .Mr. Clay, bears date, from his J up a prayer for war, pestilence and
peech on the Seminole war. This, famine, rather than the election of

tinue to assail Mr. Adams and Mr
Webster. If you stand mute, you
convict your principal; and I warn you
ia be careful how vou answer.

QUKRIST.

PRECIOl S CONFESSIONS.

The hatred of General Jackson to-

hatred has been gradually transferred
from the Hero, the mock Hero I should
say, to his followers, since the election

General Jackson. They do not sec
that by this interpretation, they neces-
sarily admit that the success of General

338

PRECIOUS CONFESSIONS.— HERO OF TWO WARS.

Jackson wouW be to inflict the '■^scourge
of military rule,''' and "a bluid and heed-
less cnlhisiasm for mere rniUlurij renoum
iipon the country.'''

Mr. Clay would prefer war, pesti-
lence and famine to what ! To '■'the
scourge of military rule.''' Will the
election of General Jackson inllict this
"scourgcV^ If it will, then does Mr.
Clay make the application lo General
Jackson. If the elurlion of General
Jackson will not indict this '* scourge,''''
then Mr. Clay's imprecations do not
touch Gen. Jackson. So of the ^'blind
and heedless enthusiasm for mere military
renown.''' Is it this, and this alone, that
attaches to General Jackson, the fol-
lowers that laud him to the skies?
Then does Mr. Clay"s remarks apply
to General Jackson ; otherwise they do
not. The denunciations ol Mr. Clay's
remarks arc neither more nor less
than open confessions of their trutli
and application, both lo the chief him-
self and to his satellites. By their
clamor tliey acknowledge that his elec-
tion would inllict the '■•scourge of mili-
Inry rule," upon the country: that they
are themselves influenced solely by "a
hlind and heedless enthusiasm for mere
militanj renoicn.'' These are "precious
confessions,"' and the people ouglit to
treasure them up with careful remem-
brance, as evidencing the undisguised
approach of military despotism.

IIKRO OF TWO WARS A DRAMA.

.ict o, Scc>>c 1, — Street in JVc-.c-Orteans.

ENTER TWO CITIZENS, MEETING.

1 CiT. So, you have been a party to this
pajjeant.
Got up by (lemagofurs to sound abroaJ,
And cheat the public to believe, that we.
Who know this chieftain, and l.ava seen our

friends
The victims of his lawless outracros,
Can honor, culocise, almost adore him.
It shames me, that a firm substantial citizen.
Should join a herd of idlers, slaves and chil-
dren,
Who run and shout, as demagogues may bid

them,
I^rndin; yourself to the ambitious views
Of one, who climbs to power that he may

crush you.
With all who dared to thwart the sclfi*h plans,
Of the base flatterers, who seok to raise him,
That thry may use him for their owa \ile
purpose.

2 CiT. Hold you, nor censure thus un-
sparingly.

1 CiT. Hold me! I have little patience to

be calm.
Have you forgotten all his deeds of violence.
When flushed with victory, by others won.
And rendered giddy by our weak -ipplaiise.
This chief bec.xme the ready inarumeiit
f*f ^ 1' a!id U— c-^ii, and their trib«

! Of pirate clients, rabhiefulloivcrs?
His powers usurped, were wielded at their will-.
To gratify their vengeaiices, and serve
The Ignoble purposes of private m:Jice:
Making the public safely, the ,.retLXt
To imprison every man who dared di-pute.
The power supreme of his Diet jtorship.
Have you forgotten, how our citizens.
The strength, the bone and muscle of the city.
Were cooped in cam|i, at distance from their

homes,
Their wives and children; mijst a pestilence
That swept them to their graves by lens and

scores.
That this same chieftain might, in greater

safety.
Rule with despotic sway o'er all around him ?
That those, who set him on to this f.iir work,
Subiecting Louaillier to marshal iavr.
And placiug life and death upon the blast
Of his own nostrils: pro-trjliug at his nod,
Tho laws, a:id .all called to administer ihein.
Could with impunity indulge their passions ?

2 CiT. Nothing of this, have 1 lorgottcn yet.

1 Cit. Yet you have run lo hail and worship

him,
To aid in trumpeting abroad hisfanie>
And cant and pipe about his victories,
With which he vainly hopes lo gull the people;
Or did you go to indulge an idle gaze,
To please his worshippers, and win their smiles^
Thus crowds do often swell uoconsiiouslv.
The pageantry of despots, which they nse
To make the vulgar think it pure respect.

2 Cit. You have berated me with bitin -

censure.
Nor time allowed for word of explanation.
Though I have been a witness to the pageant,
I was no party to il. From my soul.
The >vcak, vain tyrant that is idolized,
I do despise ; and his idolators
Hold in profound contempt. Kull well I know,
'Tissiichus they that tyrants always use,
To work their own destruction, and destroy
That very freedom they pretend to love.

I CiT. Why joined you then the rabble, why
be present,
To countenance this folly, and bo counted
As one uniting in its wicked object?

2 CiT. A motive just and laudable im-
pelled me.
This Hero and his partizans are wont.
To build themselves a fabric up from ("alschood^
A very Irillc, by the aid of fiction.
Is magnified, embellished, decorated,
.And thus exaggerated, made to »cem
What it was not; then passed upon the country
Porreal ; when in fact, 'twere but mere seeming.
Now, of this pageant I was fain to see
Its realty ; to witness who was present.
To observe ftho played the sycophant, and how
The parts of all the actors were performed.
That I might make a true report, and check '
What impudence and daring might invent.

1 ("it. 1 stand corrected. It was well
conceived.

HERO OP TWO WAns—GEN.JACKON'S LAND SPECULATIONS.

239

u • .i..-K;»f^;rriimstanccs' , An honored name, with talents of high order:

' •'2^=iJ,-."\".^:',!,:rJ^lf "/ Xr^Uh^alf whose vor, tech, un honest .nan should feel

I

A volume might be tilled wi'

of tllOIU.

Folly herself, iiiiijht hang her head, at some,
Confused and shamed ; nt others,
Nothing but folly could refrain from laughter.
Asrain, at others, a deep in(li,u'"i>"o"i
iVJust rise un<l swell in every patr.ot bosom.
When first the paceant .et his toot on shore,
The baichanalians roared liwrah/or Hero.
A red nose crew, some reeling to and lio.
Too drunk to shout, yet they essayed, and
oped . '*

Their bloated chops, and greeted him with

hicenu-hs;
The airiiifectini; with their fetid breaths;
You uiiijlit have nosed them half a mile to

»iiid«afd.
The chiellain smiled and bowed, and bowed

and smiled.
And shook their lists in seemini; cordial mood,
As demagogues ar(^ wont before elections.
I saw liim,"bmiliiiv', takea pirate's hand.
Call him his brave companion in the hour
Of fi.rmer danger, and his present Iricnd ;
Whilst D— v— z— c with his Sardonic grin.
Looked in contempt upon the gros-sliop train,
That did attend to hail and honor him.
Tlieii came the orator- and made their speeches,
With fulsome flattery so charged, as none
But willing slaves could olfer to their fello^v :
.J^nd none, but one of weakest arrogance.
Receive without disgust and detestation.
Whilst these were mouthed and inuinhled by

the spc.ikers.
The mob huzza'd applause at every blunder.
To each the Hero made a fit reply;
Himself II. chc^ro of his oivn iliscuurscs,
Put in his mouth, by those who manage him.
On each occa^ion the set speech was made.
Was fumbled from his pocket, ready written;
And near him stood his prompter : one much

needed.
For badly had the pageant conned his lesson.
At one time he mistook, and gravely read,
Part of a sjieeth, intended for another.
' The prompter gave the check— and Hero
blushed ;
Confused he crushed the paper in one hand.
And thrust the other in his wadded pocket.
Id search of that he wanted :— Loudly the herd
.Acclaimed and cheered him, at this ticklish

moment.
Mistaking his gross blunder, for the tact
Of happy aptness to perform his part;
Thus, making an appropriate commentary.
On all his claims to merit and distinction.

1 CiT. Old you observe amongst the nu-

merous band.
That trom above followed in Hero's wake.
Like screaming vultures, in an army's rear.
No man of note, and honest character?

2 CiT. I say not so— for there were some,

no doubt —
.^mongst them, 1 observed the son of Hamilton,
As it ambitious to degrade his name,
And cast a sha<le upon his father's tame.
By eulogizing ignorance, and placing
Onthe same eminence, exalted worth
And impudent pretention. Well thcghost
Of the departed father mifh*. have risen,
To frown reproach on the degenerate sod,
For thus dishonouring his memory.
And b; the side of Hamilton, I saw
A wreich of deepest infamy, who bears

of

of

As foul pollution; yet with Hamilton,
He interchanged all courtesies and kindness.
F.ven Madam Hero hung upon Ids arm;
Hero himself, seemed all dependent on him.
As pupil on his tutor. [Loud hurral*.

1 CiT. Hark: that shout
Announces his approach ; the rabble greet hin.
We'll stand aside, and mark the pageant pass.
i Enter in proceision. Hero, Toady, Colonel
flump, D—v—z—c, LafiUe, and a rabble behind
jUiem, shouting, hurrah for Hero. Theyjiass.—
'Citizens again comcfoncard.]

1 CiT. Didst thou note the countenance
Hero!
A deep dejection sat upon his brow.
Betraying the emotions of a mind
Writhing in agonies of disappointment.
i; CiT. The excitement and confusion
first landing.
Have now subsided ; and his eyes are open.
To see by whom it is, he is surrounded .
Instead of meeting worthy citizen.s.
He fiiiils himself escorted by a band
Uistiiigiiishi-d nor lor virtue, nor lor talent;
Composed, in part, at least, of former pirates,
Who purchased life, by fighting in hi? ranks,
And made themselves familiar by their services.
When Louaillicr, and Hall, and Dick were

seized on.
Victims of violated law and justice.
To approach our shore in the delusive hope,
That the invitation was in verity.
From the whole people, and that all would

join,
To greet him, and give eclat to his movement.s;
I Then to he met by such a rabble rout.
Headed by those who lead tliem, and conducted
To quarters, at the house of D — v — z — c.
Humble indeed, must be the pride tbat would

not
Be agonized at such a disappointment.
But let us to our homes— lest we should witness
The prnfanation of the holy temple.
And sacred functions of the aged bishop,
Which now are soon to follow.

[Exeunt Citizens

CII'N. .JACKSON'S

I.AND SPECUI:AT20NS,

Tlie Nashville Rki'ublic.s.n .txi;
State Gazette, of May 16, contain?
an article in explanation and vindica-
tion of the conduct of Gen. Jackson,
in the land speculations, noticed in
the last Expositor. So much of the
matter, for the present number, was
made up and printed, before the vin-
diralion was received, that there wa.s
no room to publish or review it. This
shall be done in the July number. It
is proper here to remark, that this at-
tempt is one of the most lame andim|jo-

•SiO GEN. JACKSON'S LAND SPECULATIONS— "JACKSON AND REFORSl."

tent 1 have ever witnessed. It, in ^repose on the belief, that lo st;»ie truth
fact, convicts Gen. Jackson of much is no slander, even though it ma}- dis-
greater impropriety, than the puhlica-^ turb the self complacency of General
tion of the Te.vnessea.v attributed to Jackson, by bringing to light iniquiti'^f,
him. The writer is too much under which he hoped no man dareu expose
the influence of his feelings, to see any' to the world.

thing, except through a most partial C. HAMMOND,

medium. I

He has tlioughl fit to introduce my
name, in three diflerent places, eachj^^^i^
time for the purpose of defaming mc.T^

I shall requite him, by reviewing hisj ..jicK.soN AND REFOK.M.-

article, and exhibiting its statements I We notice in the F.,rmer»' Chronicle,
and principle- ui their real character. j„,nted at Kictimond, Ky. a curious state
I shall be much mistaken, if the ment under this head. The subsL.nce of
friends of the General do not most it is tliif: Col. II. M. Johnson, Senator
heartily deprecate the interference of of Congress from Kentucky, resides at a
the Republican in this atrair, before I place called the "if/uc Spring.''^ There
;im done with it. 's a p"st otfice at the "o/ue Spring" at

There is one falsehood iii this pub- "hich Thomas Henderson is post master,
lication, so totally destitute of all col- ''^ '"''n? 'he only nbite voter rcsulii.g at
our, that it may serve to characterize , '" ='t"^"' '''e "fi/»e .Spn,,- " A black n.au
its other statements. It is this: i "^-^^d Damel Ch.nn, a slave of some ot

I the Johnsons, resides at the •■blue jpritig

"M 1825, Charles Hammond was Ihc i^arm ;,lso |( j^ asserted, that during the las:

, ,■ ,, J / I J „ sess oil various packets nave lieeti sent Dv

fMusting the poisoned Clip of slander." ', ... ' , ., . ^,i ■ „,-

the mail, directed to Daniel Chinn. '•£/«

For wlial purpose such a notorious ; .-jpn/i-,' endorsed '■ fvLHc DocKmenis,-'

nntnith could be pulilished, 1 am uii- 1 and franked by Col. Johnson. It will

.able lo conceive. [ linve never been ' naturally be asked, uliat could Daniel

the eulogist of any man. Bui morcjChinn, a slave unable to read, have to do

especially, I was never the culogi'^t of "'ith public documents? The explanation

such a m"^an as Gen. Jackson. "Up to- '«• -h«t 'hose packages contained not

the time of the publication of his fa-!"P"blic docunncats," but light pieces oi

mous Swartwout letter, in .March, 1 825, 1 ''O' goo,!s,su.tabie (or female .lics,-cs.

I was content to forbear any censure ■

of Gen. Jackson. But in that letter.

It 19

asserted, that the envelope of one of them
being rubhed ofl", the article ivas distinctly
, • 1 11 .1 , . . 1, .1 seen bv respectable citizens of George-

1 perceived all the bitterness, all the , ,^,,„-j; i;,!,,,,, ,, „,„hi„ f.ve or f,x
egotism, and all the malice that have i ^Hg, q,- ,he -.Blue Springr Col. John-

marked his car<"er through life. I
criticised and exposed it, so as lo ex-
cite the most bitter rcviliiigr from the
General's minions, here and elsewhere.
So decisively did it fix his ciiaracter.

son was never marrie'l, and n^ white fe-
males reside at the "Blue Springf —
Such are the statements, and il will be
remembered that, in a dcli.itc on this
subject, last winter, Col. Johnson assert-

in my mind, tliat I declined being in- , cd the propriety of a Senator franking

troduccd to him, when he was dined I presents for his family.

here, on his return from vVashington.l It w.as this same Col. Johnson, who

in March, 1825. Yet in the facoofis^"' "'c Admini.stration should be put

these facts, the Nashville editor h;is ''"*^"' though pure as the angel,' in Ilea

the hardihood to assert, that in 1825. 1 ''<="• "« '^ ^ *^'"^' '" "'* J^«clcson ,.hal

I was his warm eulogist. After such ' ""''; "'"^ '°']' "•/"^•V'"' "'1 f'"t' l?'^

a specimen of Jacksot? veracity, il dis- 1 '* " '" °"" " , "'" /'™, ."J r^.'Li '
. r ,.,., . , ,, J , , 'vt Co. in matters of public contract. —

turbsmeveryhllle,to be called by the, \Vbat benclit can the puMic expect from

«amc writer, "the prince of slander- t^y^l, ^,y
ers."' When such a falsehood as this, is
fastened upon me, 1 may feel some
apprehension that tlic charge may se-
riously affect me. Until then. I shall

rmers'f Nothing can be looked
for but that its affairs would he
" Made worse for mending, trashed to fouler
status.''

Cincinnati Gazette.

J

rtJ

rilUTM^J!^ ADVOCATE

AND

MOTHLY Ai\TI-J iCRSON KXPOSITOR.

CINCINNATI, OHIO, JULY, 18S8.

GEN. JACKSON'S

XiANS SPIiCUX.ATIOK'S

iJEVlKUED.

Tlie true history of the land specu-
<;Uioi' heiT vindicated, as now ascer-
tained, from the accusation and the
defence, is this:

Allison, in 179o, morlgaged to Pryor
o5,000 acres of land, to secure the pay-
ment of 21,800 dollars, and died insol

vent, without paying the mortgage dollars and divided between the differ

money, leaving no children, bwt sevcr-

acres, Anderson thirty five thousand
acres, and Jackson ten thousaml acres.
Hall, that is five thousand acres of
Jackson's purcliase, was conveyed to
John Overton and Jenkin Whiteside,
the other half to Jackson, and the
quantity purchased in the names of
Pryor and Anderson, was conveyed to
them respectively. The whole tracts
of 85,000 acres were purchased for 1350

en( partners, Pryor, Anderson, Jackson,

al brothers and sisters his heirs at law. | Overton and ^Vhiteside, and "/wr scv-
f n May 1 800, Pryor made a contract ' eral years eta-y thing Kent on quietly and
with Joseph Anderson, to prosecute J 6-n!Oo(A/y."
proper legal proceedings, to foreclose ; If any other person than Gen. Jack-

The equity of redemption, and, in case
this was elFectcd, Anderson was to have
one half the lands for his compensa-

son was concerned, it would seem only
necessary to state this case, to draw up-
on it, the reprobation of every honest

rtie heirs of Allison in Georg-n; the
lands were situate iu the state of Ten-
nessee.

tion. Pr}or resided in Philadelphia, man. Here was a Senator in Con-
gress, a Judge of the Supreme Court of
the stale, and two of the most emi-
nent practitioners of the law, confed-
Gcn. Jackson v.as then a judge ofierated with a citizen of Philadelphia,
the Supreme Court of Tennessee, and ito possess themselves of aji immenf?c
consequently could not act as an at- [tract of land, the property of unknown
torncy at law. Nevertheless General i heirs in a distant state. They prose-
Jackson "fon/rrjfVcrf" with Anderson to cute a suit against these heirs, who
have this equity of redemption fore- j never b.ear of its pendency, obtain a
closed, for which service Jackson was decree against then^, force a sale of the
to receive one fourth of Anderson's I properl), and become the purchasers
half of the land, which would be a lit- 1 for a mere song, and then '■'■'piictly nnd
tie more than ten thousand acres. — \smoiillily,'''' take possession of the plun-
Jackson engaged the fymous Johnlder and divide it. Eiuhty-five thous-
Overtor, of White-washing committee! and acres of land, sacrificed for fifteen
notnrielv. to transact the i)usines»:. As i hundred and fifty dollars!! and the
the Nasiiville editor observes: '>£rcry .legal plimderers are honorable men!!

thing v:r.iil oil ^uiUly nnd smoothly.'''' A
bill was prosecuted, in the federal
court, against the heirs of Allison. A

There is no branch of the practice
of the lav* more simple than proceed-
ngs in chancery, to foreclose a mort-

dccrcc was obtained against them, as ! gage, or obtain a sale to rai«c the mort-
nhsent defendants, requiring them to | gage money. ^Vhy was it thought ne-
pay the mortgage money with interest icessary to engage so mM\y great men
by a certain day, or be forever fore- > in 'his jjlain and ordinary case? If

ciosed of their title. And directing
that in case of failure of payment, the
Marshal sell the land, for the debt, on

nothing had been contemplated but
the common and usual proceeding, all
this was unnecessary. But if a plun-

a day fixed. The naoney was notldcring speculation v.as the principal
paid, and the laud was sold. At this object, then the course adopted w.-p
•".lie. Pryor nurcbascd fortv thousand I thi- only safe and prudcjit one.

A '

242

THE JfASHVn-LE \7BfDICATIOX OF

did he give Tor this land? Clearly the
responsibility ol" his agency- and why
was this worth so large a FEE? Be-
cause, with his countenance the spec-
ulation was practicable, without his
countenance it would probably fail.

I The arrangements between Prvor.
son, disabling him from attending to i .^„jgr5on, Jackson, Overton and Whitt-
the business himself, he contracted .[,1^ placed them in a certain legal rc-
wilhGeneral Jackson, then a judge of ,.,jj^,„ ,^, ^..^^^^ ^^^^^^^_ What was thai

relation? Did it constitute tliem part-
ners, or dill it create a principal and
sulvasiencies? Wiiotlier one or the

Anderson was at Philadelphia, and
there made the contract, to get half the
whole land,for transacting the business.
Why did lie make application to Jack-
son and engage him in it? Tiie vindica-
tion says:

'•The official duties of Judge Ander-

the Supreme Court of this state, not that
he should transact the iinsine-s in per-
son, l)ut that he sliould HA VF. i< «/o;u."

It was not then expected or intended joihcr^the consequence is the same. If
that Jackson sliould "transact the buM- 1^^^,^. ^.^^.^ partners, then the act of one-
ness in person, but that he should . ^.^^ (i,^, ^^t of ail, and tlie le^al and
HAVE it done."' In such a state ofl^,q^i(J,^,le remedies against them would
things the question forcibly recurs why ,,^4 ,,^, i„djviduallv as individuaU, but
apply to Jack.onat all? collectively as partners. Anvattempt

Anderson knew Ov.-rton and U hitc- j qC^^j, p-^rtner to prejudice the risht»
side, why not appl\^ to tliom luinsel/, ^f bis copartners would be a fraud,'up-

oa the other partners, and upon those
claiming under tliem. On th° other
liand. if they were not partners, the le-
gal relation between them was that of

instead of engaging he agency of Gen-
eral Jackson, tiien a judge? There
must have been some reason for this
application to Jackson, for it is of un-

common character. A judge ought to pi-incipal and agents. Prvor isas tht-
keep aloof from the litigation ot the principal. All the others 'were agents
country where heofliciates. Heoag'it , ^j^^j^^^ 1,;^^ with an interest in the sub-
to he no man's counselor ngetit 1 1 coii- ij^,,,,^ j^'^^, |,(; ^.j^^ |,a, a^ted as an a-
trovertcd matters. Every rule of pro-' j,^^,^ in .,„y particular matter, rs not
pnety and every sentiment oi delicacy i permitted to assume, at a future dav,
unite in requiring this. Yet in viola- , ,|,echaracter of principal, to prejudice
tion of them all. General Jackson is ^ the right of liim for whom he acted a?
seloLtedasanagcntto "HAVE ■certain ^sent!; in relation to the same subject,
claims litigated and enforced, lor j -j-,^^^^ ^,,^^1 lai„t is so ofiensivc to hon-
which he is to receive a FEE m part |^.j^.^ g„j djg temptation to vice so
of the controverted subject. A move- 1 ^^^g^j^ ^^^t ^.^.^ry attempt of the kind
mentso improper in itself and so out ol.j^ |,^.jj ^^ ^,p ^ fr^uj ^^,. ^^^ ^^y^^^ j^^ ^
the ordinary co-use of business, must | f^..^^^ j„ ^^ ^.^.^.y nature, so tiiat no hon-
have originated in some strong motive. | ^^j^. ^j- purpose' can make it valid.
Tlie only obvious one is this: He wa> 1

engaged as a sop to Cerberus. The; Although it is manifest that the object
speculation was too great to succeed | of Pryor. Anderson, Jackson, Overton,
without his aid. or against his inclina- ; Whiteside, was a combination of inllu-
tion, therefore, he is made a party in- 1 ence and talent to prevent any interfe-
tcresled. If anv other plausible' mo-- rence wit!) their contemplated spec-
tive can be assigned I shall be glad to! ulation, so that a quasi partnership ex-
hear it. ^ i^t^ between them, still it seems to
According to his Nashville Vindica- 1 me. their legal relation was that of
tor, Generat Jackson wa- himself to do' principal and agents. .lackson, in
nothing. He was to '•HAVE" the ' virtue of his contract with Andei-son,
business doi.e. But, for doing this was the age:.t of I'ryor, to pro( ure a

nothing, he -secured five thousand acres
of land ! Uj)on what principle of sound
molality could General Jackson up

foreclosure of the mortgage: not to trans-
act the business himself, but to "HAVE
ll fhnr." He was then equally respon-

propriatc to hinxclf .5000 acre- of land -ible to both Prvor and At derson to
•or doing nothing? What con«ideratiou ' "HAVE )/ </o>ie'' correctly: and could

r.E.Milt-lL JACKSOJi'S 1,A?H> SPECCLATIONS REVIEWED.

!i3

be permitted to do nothing, inconsis-
tent willi an iiitellij^ent and faithful
performance of his a^jency, whether
he performed it iiimseif, or by aid of
others. As Pryor and Anderson pur-
chased ail the land, cxeept that pur-
chased by Jarksoii himself. Jackson be-
came tlie agent throu<;h whoni they de-
rived their titles, a relation of as higli
trust as that of attorney at law, and
surrounded with all the same incidental
consequences.

Here an important and interesting
question presents it?elf. Can an a-
gent, engaged to com|'ktc and per-
fect a title to lands, wjjo goes on to
"HAVE IT DONE," and receives his
compensation fordoing il. sub-eqiicnt-
ly take advantage of his own blunders,
and defeat, for his own benefit, the ti-
tle he was paid for completing? Is
there an honest man in the nation, wiio
would not i>«)mptly answer this ques-
tion in the negative, did he not know it
mi^ht be brought to bear upon General
Jackson? I am sure there is not.

I proceed now to the subsequent
branch of this case, as presented by
the Vindicator of Gen. Jackson, "/or
fevcral years every thine; went on quietly
nml smoothly, the validity of the cleercc
an/ sale teas not quastionc'l." The pur-

sy Ited Geo. W. Campbell, whose opin-
ion coiniided witii that of Whiteside;
and Campl)oll advised Gen. Jackson
to take measures to secure himself as
to the '•^lanfl.'! held by him under the de-
cree and Marshal's xa/t'."' To protect
himself against his own warranties of
title, and also to secure a debt due (Vom
Allison to Jackson, contracted in 179G,
General Jackson was stimulated to
make an instant etVort to purchase
up, from the heirs of Allison, theirrigh't
to the lands in question, which consis-
ted of the equity of redemption; that
is, a right to repossess themselves of
the title, by paying tlie mortgage mon-
ey and inter<!st. In 181 J, Gen. Jack-
son made a journey to Georgia, and
purchased of Allison's heirs their title
to the lands in question, the eighty-five
thousand acres, the title of which he
had been employed to secure to Nor-
ton Prycr, Jost^ph Anderson and otiv
ers, under the mortgage of David Al-
lison. Having made this purchase.
Gen. Jackson informed Mr. Erwin,
who held the right of Pryor, of the ni-
ture of his claim, and proposed a com-
])romise. Erwin expressed a similar
wish, but offered no terms that Jackson
could accept. In 1 SM.Jackhon brough'
suit. Btforc this, and pending tlic suit.

chasers respectively took possession of i frequent attempts were made by Jack

tiicir parts of the land, Jackson sold
n:id conveyed his share with warranty.
In 1807, Col. Andrew Erwin and his
partner, a Mr. Patton, came forward
as the agents of Pryor, and resurvcy-
ed his proportion, and in August, 1803.
purchased Pryor's right. Previous to
this, however, Whiteside, oae of the
lawyers, who, under Jackson, managed
the legal proceedings and sale, and
who received title to part ol' the land,
mtormed Er^vin that tho proceedings
wpon the mortgage were a nullity, in

son to cfTect a compromise. At one
lime arbitrators were appointed; a-
mongst them Overton, White, and
.McNairv. But notiiiig was done. Fi-
nally Jackson '|/?/<v/ n /«'// <'> compel hi<
adirrsan/ to receive his morl^a^^e money
trith interest, u-hieh he had previously ten-
dered to him, awl deliver up the land."'

This, the reader will understand, i?
the state of t!ie case made by General
Jackson's Vindicator, the Editor o{ the
N.•l^hviil- Repui)lic:m. Ft varies very
essenlialh from the state of facts ap-

consequence of a defect of jurisdiction pearing from written engagements and
in the federal court. Er\vin purchas-j judicial record^. But admit it to be

ed notwithstanding, and to secure him-
self, took from Pr\ar an assignment of
the mortgage, assuming (hat, if the pro
ceediugs were a nullifvj ib.e mortgage
was still in force. After this, that is,
afler 1 808, but the precise time is not
stated. Gen. Jackson learned from
Whiteside, that, in his opinion, the le-
gal proceedings were void. He cop-

true, and how stands the case?

In October, 1800, Gen. Jackson a-
greed, with Joseph Anderson, to
'HAVE/ Pryor's mortgage foreclosed
for one eighth of the whole tract of
land mortgaged, which eighth was e-
qual to ten thousand si\ hundred and
forty five acres of the land. He pro-
' ceedcd 'o "havk it dcve," through th'^

2A4

TUE XAbUtlLXJ:: \ INDiCATIUA UF

agency of Messrs. Overton and White-j
side, and received and ^old the quanti-
ty of land >tipulated. The legal pro-:
cecdiiigs instituted by those whom he.
employed, wes-.- supposed to be utterly |
void and inoperative. Upon this sup-]
pogition,Gen. Jackson,intcndiugtotake
advantage of his own ignorance and
wrong, for the ignorance of those he
employed is legally imputable to him,
purciiases the very title he had under-
taken to have legally transferred, and
insists to treat the assignees of tiiose,
for whom he acted as agent, as mere
strangers — claims to assume the very
title he had been paid to defeat, and
demands to rcdecjnlhe land mortgaged,
in the rig'Uof the original mortgagor! I
All this his Vindicator supposes to be
perlectly rightaiid proper,just and hon-
orable!'. Good Heaven deliver me
from such notions of justice ;uid honor.
It is singular enougii that respecta-
ble a;:d eminent lawyers should sup-
pose a claim like thiscwild receive the
sanction and aid of a court of equity.
L'. t us examine it but for a moment.

No principle of law is better settled
than this. He, \\\w undertakes to act
for another, in any mattir, to receive a
r/ward ("or his senire. is liable in dam-
ages to his employer for his negligence
or want of skill, in the matter he un-
dertakes, if the employer be preju-
diced by that negligence or want of
skill. An attorney at law is liable for
the mismanagement of a cause ; so is
every description of agent liable for
his misconduct, whether of negligence
or blunder. Every lawyer knows this ;
no man of any character in his profes-
sion will controvert it.

AVhen Gen. Jackson contracted with
Anderson to "HAVE'' the mortgage
forecjosed, his agreement enured for
the bcnetit of Pryor, for « horn Ander-
son was attorney in fact, with an inte-
rest. It was, in its operation, a con-
tract between Jackson and I'ryor, and
it necessarily included an engagement,
on the part of Jackson, that he would
*'H A VE'' the business 'Htonc" in a legal
and obligatory manner. If he failed
todothi? he was unquestionably liable
tol'ryor in an action for any damages
■wstained bysuc'.i failure.

If, as between the parties, or over
the subject, the federal court could ex-
ercise no jurisdiction, it was the duty of
Jackson to have kno«-n that fact. He
resorted to thai tribur.al athijown risk
upon these points. The stale courts of
Tennessee were competent to decree
a foreclosure of this mortgage, hi
them the jurisdiction was indisputable.
If, then, the proceedings were null and
void, because instituted in the federal
court, it was Jackson's fault, ard for
that fault he would be responsible ii>
damages to Pr}or. Had the heirs <>i
Allison, upon their own account, pro-
jceeded lo set up their rights, and suc-
• ceeded in doing so, upon the principle
that the decre*- and sale were void,
i tiiere can be, I think, no doubt, that
I Jackson would have been accountable
I (o Prvor for all the damages sustained
I inconsequence.

j It was Jackson who confided the case

' to Overton and Whiteside, and he,

' therefore, would be responsible to Pry-

jor for their conduct, if Pryor chose so

I to consider him. Though Pryor might

j have passed Jackson bv, and treated

I Overton and Whiteside as his iiamedi-

[ ate counsel, and looked to them for re-

muneraticui. Assumini; that the alkgcd

j error was committed, that the federal

'court had no jurisdiction, and that the

jdecrceand sale were utterly void, there

■can be no doubt of Jackson's liability

to Piyor, in an action on the case for

negligence, in the perforn>ance of his

contract and agency to foreclose the

equity of redemption. His being the

judge ofthe Supreme Court of Tennes-

jsee, and his undertaking being, not to

\"lrnn.<!act the bufinrss hiinsrlf, but O.

1 HAVE ildoHC^" would not. in anv man

' ner, lessen or vary his respoiisibililv.

I Wiien, under these circumstances,
Jackson purchased the equity of re-
demption Ironi the heirs of Allison, and
attempted to enforce it against the
purchasers from Pryor, he stood in this
predicament. If he succeeded in re-
covering the lands, he was liable in
damages for the injury inflicted by
such recovery. That, in such a case, .a
court of equity would retuse to aid his
claim to redeem, 1 entertain no doubt
whatever. That he would have been

GENERAL JACKSON'S LAND SPECULATIONS REVIEWEl*.

•■Ha

''HAVE" Pryor's mortg;ige foreclosedt

this dx'bt was due to him, and Allison
was di'ad, insolvent. As a rreditor of
Allison, he would naturally, at that
time, have jiei-ceived, in the tquit.y of
redcnipdon of these lands, a fui.d to
secure himself this tlien dosj.erate
debt. Why did he not then think of
redeeming them lo pay himscll? No
doubt this aspect of the case escaped
his Vindicator's considera ion. Con-

erall}' true, and contained the whole j template it as you may, it involves Gen.

truth. But this is not admitted. On Jackson in a cloud of suspicion, inju-

the contrary, the records supply evi- rious lo his integrity.

dence (.0 contradict that statement in j Sucli a claim, on his part, would

icstrained from proceeding at law, had

lie possessed liimsell' of a legal advan-
tage, 1 feel equally certain; and the
foundation of the decision ofthe court,
in either case, would be the same; that
the transaction was unconscionable,
one which no system of equitable juris-
prudence could salely tolerate.

Such, in my view, would be the le-
gal results, if the statement made b\
General Jackson's Vindicator were lit-

several important particulars, and in
sojTie, it is inconsistent with itself.
The statement conveys an assertion

have iiiterfered with the speculations
of his coadjutors, Pryor and Anderson,
and possibly he regarded his own share

that Jackson waited near two years af- of tiiat speculation as an indemnity-;
ter his puroJiasc from Allison's heirs,
before he commenced suit, hopeing to
effect a compromise. This, though it
does not affect the legal question, is not
correct. He purchased m August,
181-2. In Januar> 1813, he contra^^ed
with James Jackson and the same law-
yer Whiteside, to take them in as part-
ners in the speculation, each to own
an equal share. After this, compro
mise was no longer in Ihe power of
Gen. Jackson. They commenced pro-
ceedings in 1813, and abandoned them
to commence new ones in 1 8 1 o. It was
not necessary, to an honest and fair de-
fence, to make this misrep.'esentation.
Dr. Armstrong's allegation wa-. that
Gen. Jackson purchased the claim of
Allison's heirs tor a mere trifle. The
vindication asserts, that a considerable
sum was paid foi if, which it makes out
thus: Allison was a debtor of Jackson
in 179<3, .5G676, upon pronussory notes.
These Jackson assigned, but owing to
the failure of Allisoi:, had to redeem
at a great sacrilice of other proprrt\ .
This debt remained ui:paid, and was
the consideration of the purchase from 'could not be called upon to pay it, even
the heirs of Allison, amountii^g. pri'ici- if they had inherited property from
paf and interest, to near 20,000 dollars. ! their brother. An nltcmpt to obtain
However plausible a tale like this may I from the heir? a preference for his debt,
appcaron paper, it cannot endure the and to monojinlize lo himself a fund

yet it might have been then attempted
with much more credit than when re-
sort »'d to.

ll". in fact, Allison died insolvent,
leaving nolliiiig to his heirs, his debts
was no concern of theirs, and could be
no consideration for obtaining any thing
from them. Such interest as remained
to him, in the lands in question, descen-
ded to his heirs charged with the pay-
ment of liis just debts. But it was no
subject which they could legally bar-
ter, to cancel any particular debt, or
make any profit to themselves. The
equily of redemption in these lands, if
it existed, was a common fund for dis-
tril)ution amongst all the creditors of
Allison, and could only be legally rencli-
•d through hi* executor or admijistra-
•or. The debt d '.r icom Alli-on to
Gen. Jackson, was due from his estate
in the hai>ds of his personal represen-
tatives, and r.ot in tlic hands of his
heirs. It was only of the executor or
admiiiis'rator that it could be deman-
ded; and uiilil c-lrihl:slied against the
executor or admiiistrator, the heirs

test of legal scrutiny. It presents sev-
eral aspects, in no one of which it can
be viewed with much credit to the
present pretension.

When, in October, 1800, General

common to all the creditors, w as an at-
tempt to commit a fraud upon both the
heirs and other creditors. 1 entertain
no doubt, that if the ground of defence,
assumed by the vindication was correct.

Jnckson contracted with Anderson, to | as to the existence of the equity of re

n»

THK JfASHril.lR Vl.NWCATION Of

demption, and the manner of obtaining j previous conduct and character had
it by Jackson, that the oilier creditors inot been involved in the ibsue.
of Allison could have reached tiuirl The vindication winds up with a fine
proportion of it in his hand-. That llourish about an ambu«cadc practised
Gen. Jackson and hih le;;al advisers did upon the veteran by Mrs. Erwin, in
not think so, oid\ goes to prove that ■ which she is made to acknowlcdce all

i1 __4 •! .1 1.. _. . I • ■ .. . . . ^ .

they were not thoroughly conversant
with the broad and just principles of
aquity applicable to such a case.

The vindication assumes, that the
purchase cf Gen. Jackson from Alli-
son's heirs, and his attempt to enforce
that purchase against the claima'its un-
der Pryor, is strictl\ defensible, I'Ot on-
ly upon legal principles, but upon the
plain maxims of justice between man
and man. None but parties interes-
ted, politically or otherwise, can unite
in this opinion.

When all the facts asked for, by the
vindication, are admitted, they lav bui
a very narrow foujidation forattiibutirii,'
any thing like libendity to him. Hi>
debt was of 18 years standing, agaiii'^t
a deceased insolvent. The obviou,-
presumplion is, that it was barred by
the statute of limitations, and by the
presumption of payment from lapse of
time, so that it could not have becii le-
gally enforced. We have no evidence
of its existence, but the recital in the
deed, and the assertions of Gen. Jack-
son. How it arose we know not, and
whether of legal obligation at its com-
mencement, may be made matter of
question; bu(, in 1812. when made the
consideration of this purchase, it was
worth little to Gen. Jackson. Tiie
consideration which he paid, consisted
entirely of this supposed antiiiuated
debt; and his s-olc motive to make the
purchase, as his Vindicator says, was
to protect his own cx)nvevances. A
liberal man. in such a c«se. standins;
in the relation which he stood to the
title, would have been content with a
very moderate comiiensalion. He
would have extended his proteciion to
tlie assignees of his ronfedcrates. in
the original speculation, fora verv small
sum: Because it was right and proper
that he shoulil do so. The ten thou>and
dollar^ linally paid, was vastly more
than hi> alleged debt was worth; and
he should, at first, have been satisfied
■with a smaller sum. even if his own

his justice, and make an appeal to Ids
generosity, accompanied with tear* and
supplications. And this produced im-
mediate etTect I! The General aban-
doned all compensation for himself, but
stipul.ited fortiie pa%ment of ten thou-
-and dollars to his confederates!! This
took place in the fall of 1823, so that
after eleven years pursuit of tliis spec-
ulation, the General was moved bv the
tears of an old woman, to abandon ii
for the paltry sum of 10.000 dollars!!
This tine story wants proof — I give iv
no credit myself, because the writer ha.-
paid no more attention to truth in hia
wlmle article, than usually characteriz
ed his predecessors of the White- Wash-
ini; Committee. But admit that the
lompromise was cHected in the man-
ner stated, its merit de|)ends upon en-
quiring what was, at that time, the
Getieral's prospect of success? and
how miglit the continued prosecution
!>( the suit aflcct his opening projects
of political ambitioi:?

In my opinion, the prospect of suc-
cess was very far fron) being of en-
couraging character. This prospect
depended altoizether on the legal (pies-
tion, wlietlier the decree of the federal
Circuit Court, under which the sale
was made, was, or was not, void ? This
ground is distinctly staled by the Vin-
dicator.

"Tt.e title was invalid, he claiiueil Ihroiidi
tlic Mnrshiil's sale, uhieh ij arlcnotclcdfed on all
fian'slj liatebeen null and loii, for wniit of jii-
ri'diction ii> the Icdcril oourl, both the parlie5
to the proceeding residinj out of the state."

i do not believe that it was ,"ae-
knon-lerl^erl on all hand!'.,"' that the pro-
ceedings of the federal court were
"nuU and Toid"' for the want of juris-
diction. I do not credit this, because
I cannot suppose that .an error of this
kind co»il(l be universal. A* the par-
ties, in fact, resided in ditfcrent states,
if was a clear case of jurisdiction, un-
der the constitution; but tile law, or-
ganizing the court, had not provided
for its exercise. Hence a decree, where
the record did not show the parlies tc

OENERAL JACKSON'S LAND SRECliLATIONS REVIlfiWEU.

217

be citizens of dilTercnt states, would be decree void,
erroneous, and miijlU i)C reversed; but,
until reversed, would I'iud ;dl tlie par-
ties and privies. This is now decided
and settled to be tlie law, w hatevcr o-
pinion might bave prevailed in 1808,
or in 1812, when Gen. Jackson em-
barked in this speculation. 1 am per-
suaded there is qood rca.--on to believe,
that, in 1 823, when the compromise was
made. Gen. Jackson and his counsel
were apprized, tiiat there was strong
reason to apprehend, that their dec-
trine about the invalidity ot" the de-
cree, would not be sustaii>ed in tlic fed-
eral courts.

The states of Tennessee, Kentucky,
and Ohio, compose the seventh circuit
of the United States" Circuit Courts.
Judfje Todd was the supreme judge,
who held the circuit coarts, in these
rJtates. In 1822, the case of McCor-
micks, vs. Sullhant and others, reported
lOlh IVheaton, 192, wag decided in the
Ohio circuit, by Judges Todd and Byrd.
This case involved ibe very "point, up-
on which Gen. Jackson rested.

To the compiai:iant's bill, the defen-
dants set up by way of bar, the fiict
that the same complainants, against oth

But this reason proceeds upon aa
incorrect view of the chariictrr and jurisdictiou
of the inferior courts of the United States —

They are all of limited jurisdiction : but Ihe.y
are not, on that account, inferior courts, in the
technical sen«e of those words, whose jude-
ments, taken alone, are to be disregarded. If
the jurisdiction be not alkjjcd in the proceed-
ings, their judgments and decrees are errone-
ous, and may, upon writ of error or appeal, be
reversed for that cause. But tboy are not'ab-
solule nullities."

It will be seen that this decision ^oes
to the foundation of Gen. Jackson's
speculation in these iand'^. The decree
of the Circuit Court, under which they
were sold, was not a nullity, but was a
binding decree, and therefore the sale
undcr it was a valid .sale. The time
hadelapsed. in which it couldbe revers-
ed for error, so that the title of the de-
fendants was perfectly safe and secure^
the speculation of Gen. Jack.son utter^
ly hopeless. What credit is then due
to him for the compromise?

Perhaps it may he said that the Su-
preme Couit had not made the decision
quoted, wlien the compromise was effec-
ted. This is true. But the Circuit
Court had made it, and it h a just iu-
ference, (hat Judge Todd had made the
fact known to some of the Tennessee

er defendants claiming the same land, 1 ^'T- It was a common thing, with the
had filed a previous l)ill. which had j J'udge, to communicate, to counsel in
been answered, iicard a'ld dismi-sed. I Oliio, deci^ions made, upon new points
Tlie complainants replied, setting fortii J '" other parts of the circuit ; and hence
the record, and alleging that the pro- 1 1 esteem it a fair inference, that be-
reed ings were coram •iwi^u^t'cc, the re- jt«'^"<^n January, 1322, when this de-
•;ord not showing that the complainants <-''ion was made, and October, 1823,
and defendants were citizens of differ- h'lc period of the compromise, some
rnt slates, and consequently that the ''"o«l<-'Jsc of it had reached General
decree being a nullity, was no bar to a ; -'^ckson a;id his counsel. Besides this
new suit. The Circuit Court decided I various decisions of the Supreme Court,
that the matter of the plea was a good i 'cading to the same conclusion, had

bar, which went to "cj// up by tlie routs,"
the entire ground upon which the Gen-
eral relied to maintain his claim.

The complainants appealed tliis
cause to the Supreme Court of the
United States, where it was decided,
February term, 1825, and the decision
of the Circuit Court affirmed. In de-
livering the opinion of the court, Judge
W.ashingtonsays, (10/A fi'heal. 199)

'•The reason assigned by the replication why

been made, and were becoming more
familiar to the western lawyers, his.
therefore, in my opinion, a rational in-
ference,thRl doubts about ultimate suc-
cess operated more etlt-ctually, to
produce a compromise, tiian the alleged
tears of Mrs. Erwin, ailmitting the sto-
ry told to be true. Thus much is now
certain, the ten thousand dollars paid
by the defendants was the price of
peace, against a claitn, which could

that decree cannot operate a« a bar, is, that j "^t have been enforced, had the defen

the proceedings in that suit do not fhow»that dants continued to Contest it

the parties to it, plaintitfs and defendant', ,,-, , , ,

•sere citizens of ditrercnl states and that, conse- *^ "'-'" '"<^ whole ground of General

wcntly, tic suit was eoram nonjudiee, and tic Jackson's speculation is attenliveU ox-

•us

THE NASHVILLE VINDICATION OF

amitied, connected particularly with its j And I am persuaded that every unpre-
beariiigs upon his character, and the judiced man, who makes himself ac-
probabiiify of succeeding in it, togeth-' quainted with the facts, and the legal
er with his public relation as a candi-[ principles applicable to them, must u-
dateforthc Presidency, the comprom-i nite with me in opinion,
ise, in my opinion, does him no credit. \ It is not proper that I should close

If he succeeded, it would lie ni con-
sequence of an error of his own. For
as he received ten thousand acres of
the land, as a fee, for ^'iMvimr the Intsi-
/IMS done,'' it was his duty to sec that

this review without some notice of the
style and spiritof the vindication, which
the Editor of the Republican has put
forth, in a semi-ollicial form. Tiiis doc-
ument is characterized by nothing thai

it was well and safely done, for the in- [belongs to candid argument, or gcntle-
terest of his employers. There are , manlv discussion. There is all the
few minds, so constructed and orgauiz- coarseness of vulgarity, all tlie rudeness
ed, as not to feel some consi iousness of of manner, all the illibcraliiy of insin-
blame, some sense of doing wrong, at : uatioa-, and all the rashness of asser-
gainiug an immense estate, in conse- tion that belons to the Jackson school
quence of a blunder of its own. It re- of composition. The spirit that vdi-
flects no credit upon Gen. Jackson, if tied Scott, insulted Adair, and blnck-
his mind was ai perfect ease, in the ' guarded Fronicntin.pervadeslhe whol<'
prosecution of this claim. He had production. Was tiiis necessary to de-
purchased it witlimit the advance of a: mo;istrate the integrity of Gen. Jack
cent, and sivea tor it nothing but adcs- son's conduct?
perate and hopeless delit of sixtccnj The vindication is introduced bv

years stai'ding. against a deceased in-
solvent. He was pressing the suit a-
gainst purcha-eis from his own col-

the-^e terms: "jMunler, A lultcrif. Trea-
son. Siciiulling." h there any doubt
!li it Gen. Jackson is a liomicide? The

leagues in the original speculation, who der.'Jt of Dickinson was a l.gal mui-
had paid him a fee, ((> transact the very; der, ho^vever gilded witii otiier delini-
business, in which the error was com-j tions. The cohabitation with Mrs.
mitted, that was made the foundation Robards, before the divorce trom her
of his present claim. His success would husband, was open and unqualified a-
be to establish, judicially, liis own mal-lduUery. If Burr was a traitor, as he
feasance, in t'le discliarge of an im-| has been pronounced, the aid and couii-
porfant agency, wiiicli would be, in the tenance shown to him, by Gen. Jack-
plainest sense, taking advaiitfigc of his son, in December, 130*3, was little short
own wrong, and growing rich by it. — j of treason — and tiie transaction 1 have
The man who could serenely and quiet-, been examining, if practised upon a
ly push a claim thus circumstanced.] smallscalc. by some poor starvingpetti-
inust be. In a great degree, insensible fosiger. would be characterised as swin-
to the value of good character, and to dling. Di>gmaticism of assertion can-
J|he good opinion of his I'ellow-citizcns. ! not <?liange the essences of things, nor
For no man could be ignorant of the i can they be altered by tlie bravados
impvUatioiis to which it mu-t subject! of presumptuous violence,
him. However this might be the case. ; Such tcrmsas "dcspcmlion,"' eoalilion,''
wlicn a man was seeking wealth and i ^'sublcrftige," ''■desroding jpcr/ac/c," "«»-
nototiice, a ditrerent sentiment could | AoZ/orrcff ambiliou" '■'ill gntim poT-'cr,'''
not fail to obtruije itsiif, whiu high ol- , have no natural connection with fair
tice became a principal oi)ject of am- argument. Wlion they figure in t!ie

bition. It w;is tlieretbre the plain pol
cy of Gen. Jack«on in 1823, to com-
promise this claim, upon any term*

introduction of an essay, they prepare
the reader to expect a partizan etfort,
not candid discussion. There is scl-

th it would permit a decent retreat from ■ dom any mistake about what is to fol-
it. This, with t!ie increased doulits of' low them. In the case before us. they
ultimate succe's, 1 am satisfied, indue- precede the assertion, that the oppos-
ed tlie compromise, for wliich I can al-|Crs of the Gcnei-al do not themselve*
low Gen. Jacksou no creJit whatever.' "altaek the slightest credit /o the nitmcrcns

CENERAI, JACKSON'S LAND SPECFLATIONS REVIEWED.

21^

acntsalioiis ivith ivhiih ihn/ hope to over-
<i/ulm /)/;«•" To maintain this unfoun-
ded allegation, it is roundly asserted,
that in 1825, 1 was myself his warm
eulogist. An assertion more destitute
of trutli could not be uttered.

Another item of pnrof is addiired:
-So latoas the 8th of January, 182 t,
-Mrs. Adams was proud to hang on the
arm of him whom the niinioiis of her
husband now have thcmidticily to brand
with the epithet of adulterer."'

"jl/('nw(i.?" and "nudnctly" are terms
of reproacli, but of no other import.
All who have the ^'aiidncily''' to speak

Jackson argumentative discussion. —
Those who speak of Gen. Jackson's
connection with Burr, and his shedding
the lives of his fellow-citizens, in the
manner their judgments dictate to be
correct, arc- classed as the '■•hirelings^''
of Mr. Clay. Why should an argu-
ment about facts be dressed in ribaldry
like this? But to the fact.

There is no proof that Mr. Clay in-
vited Gen. Jackson to his residence near
Lexington, in 1821. The invitation is
alleged to have been made in wri.iMg.
Mr. Clay, in his address to the puldic,
of last December, has declared his be-

tni.h of Gen. Jackson, are "m?'n/o)is"' ilief, that he never sent anysucli invita-
of Mr. Adams. This is a calumny "p-tion to Gen. Jackson: and gave his
on rt large portion of the community, full assent to its publication if he did.
and applied to them, for no other rea- No such publication has been made,
son than that they have caused the which warrants the inference that no

General's real character to be made
known. For doing this, they are charg-
ed with ^'■nudncity.'"' by those who feel
thenjselvcs justified in following the
General wherever he may lead, in at-
tacks upon liis equals.

It is true Mrs. Adams did, in 1824,
hang upon the arm of Gen. Jackson,
thai an adullfrcr as much as he is noie.

^y\c\\ letter was written. Yet the Gen-
eral's Vindicator, evidently supplied
with the General's own defence, mnkes
this assertion as an established fact. —
Another proof, with how little ceremo-
ny assumption is substituted for fact,
by the General's advocates.

But suppose that the invitation was
given, how does it contribute a:iy thing

But it is equally true Mrs. Adams did i to sustain the assertion that the charges
not //loi Arnoa- the fact. In March, 1 827, | made against Gen. Jackson, arc not

the Nashville Wiiiiewashi'ig committee
appointed Nelson Patteson their Sec-
retary. He was then guilty of forge-
ry. His subsequent detection made
his character known. Does it impeach
the conduct of the committee, for giv- j
ing him distinction, when ignorant of
his true character? Or does that ap-
pointment in March furni'h ground to
suppose that he was not a forger? The
cases are similar. Mrs. Adams, when
she invited Gen. Jackson to the fete of
Januarv, 1 824, and hung upon liia arm
in traversing the rooms, was as igno-
rant of Gen. Jackson's adtiltery as was
the Nashville Committee of Mr. Pat-
terson's forgeries. This shows what
the reference to the conduct of Mrs.
Adams is worth.

Again we are told: "in the fall of
the same year. Mr. Clay was de-irons
of extending the hospitalities of his
house, in Lexington, lo a man whom hi,-
hirelirigs now proclaim to the world a-
a traitor and a mnrdrrrr.'^

Here again wc have a specimen of

credited b} those who make them? —
In 1824, Gen. Jackson's cliaracter was
comparatively unknown. He had i:ot
then written his Swartwout letter. He
had not then retailed slanders upon
Mr. Clay, from Washington totlie Her-
mitage, and repealed them thcr to
««// his company.'^ He had not then
delivered his speech to the Legislature
of Teimessec, asserting wliat was man-
ifestly untrue as to the manner and un-
derstanding of his previous eb'clion.
He had not then written the letter to
Baltimore, misrepresenting the coiuluet
of Harris, and vilifyii g his chariroT.
He had not then assailed Air. Clay, in
any of the forms in which he has sii cc
assailed him. Much, very much, I'lat
now serves to sink the cliaractcrofGcn.
Jackson was not then transacted. Since
1821, he has been no inactive agent in
earriins the discreditable Iraitsofchrir-
i( ter that now atlai h to him. No in-
'crence can be fairly drawn, from the
stim:i<ion in which he was then held,
hat the same respect must of neccasi-

250

THE ^ASHVIL^.E VINDICATION OT

ty noif leinaiii to liiin. Ou the con- ; ways iu terms allowalile i;i toiitro\cr-
trarv, not only his conduct iince thatisy: if strong and cxprcsMve, not there
time, l>ut the developement of hi? pre- 1 fore vulgar and abusive. For pursu-
viou= conduct necessarily lend to place ing this course, 1 have been reproached
him on totally ditrtienl 'siround. ; in the mo-t unwarranted and unmcas-

Mr. Adams, loo, is introduced. — ; ured main.cr. I have not de.med it
There is not one particle of proof that i necessary to repel the innumerable at-
Mr. Adams has said or done any thing ' tacks to which 1 have been subjected,
impugning the /jrwenf or yBrr.f'ouj char- 1 Thty are never of specific characler,
acier of Gen. Jackson. For what is land are conhncd usually to the general
writ'en and published hy others, Mr. j charge of beuig a slanderer, in all the
Adams cannot be ju>tly held responsi- 1 various modes of asserting a charge of
ble. He has no power over the press (that untrue nature. My sole reply is,
that supports I :im; no more in iact than point out an instance in which I ha\e

tiie pri.-i3 that opposes him. Does the
Vindicator of Gen. Jackson suppose
that the author of the Tennessean
would be staid in his course bv tlie sug-
Adams? Docs he be-

asserted, as fact, what is not sustained
by evidence desening credit, and 1
will so far submit to the justice of the
imputation, however the incorrectness
may have proceeded from error, rather
meiidiifity. My calumniators
dare not do this. And I am cohtent
that t!iey shall enjoy all (he consolation
and all the credit, iwir and licrrofftr,
of the course they have pursued, and

gestions of Mi. .H-..1II3; j^^v^ .... .j^. |
h'nt- ;hat thi< review would be either tban
wrilteri or withheld, were Mr. Adams
to interfere in resfject to it? He caii
have no foundation for such belief, un-
less h>* feels that he might, himself, be

so influenced. He does ii justice to j continue to pursue toward me. Gen.
the free spirit of the counti), and to I Jackson's clKuacter ougiit to exist in
tne independent prirciples of his fcl- 1 dependent of mine. Wtien 1 assail
low-citiz -us, as well as to Mr. Adams" jl.im I proceed oponly. and I state the
sense of propriety, in making this grounds of my arcusation. To repel
charge and he ought lo be ashamed of these, if incorrectly stated, involves no
it. question, who or what 1 am. \N hen

Fii ally, upon this head, 1 assure the proof demonsti-atcs 1 have utteied
boih Gen. Jackson and his Vindicator, a cahimny, there is no occasion to call
tii-it it is an egregious inist.ike lo sup- me slanderer. But when Uie prool
pi.se, that all the priiuipal allegations, : fails to do this, there is an obvious mo-

tive for garnishing it will) somewhat of
abuse, the only sui)stif.tle that remain,-,
when the just conclusion is against the
object of the argument.

C. HAMMOND.

GENERAL JACKS0n"s LANU SPECl'LATIOXS,

.Mm-dcr. AdidUrt), Tirasoii, S:cind/ing .'
The desperation of the Coalition, like
"that of an unlucky gamester, increases
as the final consummalion of tiieir ruin
draws near. No discomfiture^ howev-
er great, can for a moment check their
mad career — no defeat, however sig-
nal, can induce them to relax their ix-
ertions. There is no subterfuge so
dica'ted. He appears to my most ian- i pitiful, that they disdain to resort to it:
dul iudgmcnt, a bolJ.badman; a weak j there is no act so daring, that they fear
and' incapaliic politiciin. Believing ' to attempt it. The singiflar and de-
this, ilism. right -is a freeman, in a ; grading spectacle is now presented, of
land i>f freedom, 'o as-erl il. Tlii^ I a s> >iematic attempt lo ruin the repii-
have done openly and taiily. But al- latioii of a great national bencfactoiv

made against Ge:i. Jackson, are not
credited by those who urge them. —
Whellier those who accuse, or those
who pallia'e and justify are most delu-
ded, may be no:r a ipieslion. The con-
fidence of the Vii dicators is not stron-
ger than the convictions of the accu-
sers. I shall not take upon myself to
sav that I am above the ordinarv hiascs
of iiiunan action. But this I do say —
( seek most earnestly to avoid iheirin-
fiueiiccs. 1 have said nothing of Gen.
Jackson that I do not conscientiously
believi!. I liave urg<'d no argument
that [ did not consider warranted hy
the preniise? upon which it was pre-

GENERAt J4CKSON'S LAND SPFCl'IiATIOXS.

351

l>rcau?e liis popularity threatens to
wre*t Ironi the ;^ra<[i o(" unhallowed
iimbition, iis ill-::;otten power. It can-
not be believed, tiiat the enemies of
General Jackson, atiach the sliihteft
credit to the numtroas accu^atioMs,
with which Ihey hope to overwiielm
liirn. Tiicir former conduct precludes
all bi'lief in their present sincerit}.
In 1 825, Charles Hammond was the
warm eulogist of the man. on whose
head he is now exhausting the poisoned

ing to the world, a true statement of
the facts, on wh'ich t'le charge of"smii-
ilinsr,'^ has been reccjitlv foui'ded, a'd
preferred, by one Dr. J. L. Armsloiig,
of Bedford county. After the weari-
some repolLiion of stale accusations,
with whicli the public mind has been
so long sated, it may well be imagined,
that tile partizaiisof the Coalitioi' were
as eagerly desirous of novi/li/, a» tue
tnonarcl) who offered a reward for ihe
liscowry of a new source of pleasure. It

cup of slander! So late ;is the 8lh of; will be readily believed therefore, that
January 1824, Mrs. Adams was proud the charge of "sw(W/»!£'," was hail<-d
to hang on the arm of him, whom the I with suitable acclamations, and rereiv-
mi^iions of her husband now have the jed with every mark of approbation.—

audacity to braiid with the epithet ot
• adulterer! In the lall of the same year.
Mr. Clay was desirous of extending the
hospitalities of his 4iousc in Lexington,
to a man, whom his hirelings now pro-
claim to the world, as a traitor and a
murderer! A few years since and the
eloquence of the Secretary could tuid
no nol)ler theme, than the glory which
the Uelender of New Orleans had shed
upon his country. At a subsequent
period the \>e\\ of Mr. Adams trium-
phantly defended him, from some of
the most atrocious charges, which the
Coalition prints are, now. so zealously
circul.aing. Ijut time has wrought a
change among his I'ormcr eulogists a,:d
dei'enders. Old relalions have been
broken, and new connections formed.
Bv the force of circumstances, the de

We have even been taunted by the Ad-
ministration prints, for delaying so long
to take up the glove which was thus
thrown down bv the gallant Doctor;
and that oracle of truth — Charles
Hammond — has said, that the con-
duct of General Jackson, as detailed in
the numl)eis of the '■'■Tcnne.fssean,"' on
this subject, wears rather a "knavish
aspect." If the publication of Doctor
Armstrong wear not a ^-knnvhh aspect,'''
by the time we have finished its exam-
ination, then we will confess that our
ideas of ktutvery are extremely erron-
eous. Indeed he committed an egre-
gious blunder in omitting to consult a
certain friend and neighbor of his, err
he ventured before the public witli his
sii:iii'i!iiifr accusation. Col. Andrew
Krwin,of Bedford county, the father of

struction of bis character, both public a son-in-law of Mr. Clay, knozDs, as well
and private, has become necessary to as any man living the qualities of Gen-
preserve tor his 9i/n)i//u(« friends, that I eral Jackson's heart — he knows that
wliich they value more than life, — poru- 1 General Jack-on is not a. swiiifller. If
er and ut/ice, — a'ld to w hich they adhere i Col. Erwin had deemed Gen. Jackson
with all the pertinacity which charac-:an unfeeling swindler, lie never would
terizesthe struggles of a dying man. — {have bethought him, of employing the
All their efforts, however, will he fruit- eloquence o[Mrs. Eru-in, to obtain from
less — the people are too virtuous and him a relinquishment of his claims — if
onlishtened, to be estranged from the | General Jiickson had been a swindler,
object of their choice, t'.iough oceans of the tenrx oi' Mrs. Encin would no! have
calumiiv and dclractir>n should be pour- prevailed. It is plain then, that it
od upon him — the great tide of public D.ictor Arm-trong had consulted Col.
opinion is rolling rapidly along, and Krwin, bclbre he came out with the

must eventually sweep from before it,
every obstacle that offers a resistance.
With these rcflection=, which the
current of events a few months past,
and the nature of our present task,
very naturally produced, we shall pro-
ceed to fulfil a former promise, by giv-

charge, we might have been spared the
trouble of this defence. As he failed
to do so, however, he must pay the
penalty of liis neglect; but nsthis pen-
;ilty consists in nothing more than bei'ig
cor.victcd of disseminating wros? and
malicious faUehood^, it will.doubll'^Si

2S2

THE NASHVILLE VINDICATION OF

be borne with christian resignation by | tir«t information that he rec< ived of a
one, "ho has so frequently d'-monstra- j fatal defect in the procxedings, on
ted 10 the world that he regarded the i which he could rely, was from the Hon.
ple^e^v•ation of the body, ai the thief 1 G. \V. Campbell. He then toIl^ulted
duty of man. and '■•corporal sufferance," jJenkin Wiiiteside, Ksq. and found that
a> the mo't formidahic evil that "hu- his opinion coincided with Judge-
man flesh is heir to." But to proceed iCampheirs.

with the iifliction of this penalty. — Lastly, it is positively untrue, thai

It is untrue, that Gen. Jackson at'Generaj Jackson purchased the claim
certain land sales in the state of Ala- j of Allison's heirs for a mere "/n/.V."'
bama, I'id olTat government price, Pig/i/| He gave in exchange for their claim to
quarter ?ections of land, by which he Ini d? in this country, just and legal dc-
virtually received iVoin his fellow cili-|niands to the amount of i-.ear twenty
znns, a donation of some forty or lifly I tliou:,and dollars, which he held against
thousand dollars. j Itic estate of David Allison.

As this averment has no connection The truth ofthe above assertions will
with the main subject, and was proba-lbe apparent from the following detail
biy thrown in — to use a legal phrase — I of facts:

byway of induiement or asgravulion,\ In the year 1795, David Alli^on, foi
we will despatch it at once, before we the purpose of securing the pavment
proceed to the consideration of the olh-j of S;? 1,800, due from him to I^orlon
cr mi?represent<ations coidained in the Pryor, mortgaged to said Pryor 85,000
second number of the '* Tennessean," acres of land on the three forks of Duck
General Jackson, never, except on one river, in this state. The tiijie appoint-
occasion, attended the land sales in j ed for the Pay ment of the mortgage
Alabama, and then purchased one sec- money, passing by. without a liquida-
tion of land at the government price,' tion of the debt, Pryor became desi-
the bystanders refusing to bid against! rous of foroxloving the mortgage, and
him. The circumstance of his omit-j entered into an agreement with Judge
tirig to bid off more than one section,] Anderson, then a senator in Congress
demonstrates conclusively, his unwil-i from this State, by the terms of which,
lingness to take any advantage of the Anderson was to have a decree of fore-
gratitude and courtesy of his fellow ] closure obtained, and to receive a cer-
titizens. This section of land was af- 1 tani portion of tl;c lands for his services,
terwards sold for ten dollar*- per acre, i The official duties of Judge .Anderson,

on a credit of one, two, and three years,
without interest. Thus the enormous
donation of forty or fifty thousand dol-
lars, upon examination, dwindles down
to an in-ignihcant sum, and affords a
strong illustration of Dr. Armstrong's
accuracy of btatemcnt, and regard for
truth.

It is also untrue, as slated by him,
that Judge Anderson employed Gener-
al Jackson as his laui/cr, to obtain a
fop.closurc ofthe mortgage from David
Allison to Norton iryor. Gen, Ja< k-
son was at ihat time. Judge of the Su-
pri'ine Court of this state, nid it was

disabling himfrnm allendiiig to the busi-
ness himself, he contracted tcilk General
Jackson, then a Judge of' the Supreme
Court of this Stale, not (hat he should
trnnsart the business in person, but icith
an vnderstanding, that he should haze ,7
done, lie al>o gave him a written
memorandum spe< ifving the place and
manner of proceeding, and acrced that
he should have a certjiin portion of the
land for his services. Gen. Jackson
then engaged Judge Overton, an emi-
nent lawyer ofthe day, to obtain a lore-
closure of the mortgage, and handed
him the written instructions of Jud.ie

rot expected, or even understood, that I Anderson. In pursuance of these in-
he >hould transact the business in per- ; structions, a decree of foreclosure « as
son. jhad in the Federal Court in the fall of

It is wickedly and maliciously false, the year ISOI, and in the spring (ollow-
as slated liv Dr. Armstrong, that a dis- ing, the lands were piiblii ly ^old by the
covory of a ihnv i Mlie ti'lf. "was made ' marshal. At this sale, Ki.OOO acres of
by General Jacksou liimself."' The land were bid off in the name of Noc-

GENERAL JACKSON'S LAND SPKCl'LATIO\S.

2.-,3

ton Pryor, 35,000 in the name of Judge
Anderson, and the remaining 10,000
in the name of Gen. Jackson. Five
fhou>and acres of that which was bid
.)ff in the name of Gen. Jackson, pur-
suant to ail a>;rceinent lietwien the

him by Pryor, would, to h very great
extent, secure him. And liere anoth-
er question arises: How lor.i^ would a
man of" sense, partiicularly a shillftd tra-
iler, holdii'£;vahiahh' propeity hv a title
which 111' knew wa- defcrtivo, ni-trloct

parties, were deeded hy the mar-hal to>ecure iiimsilf by the purchase of
toJudv'e Overton and Jenkin White-
side, Esq. For several years, every
thiii^ iceiit on quietly and smuolhly, the
validity of the decree and sale was'not
questioned: Gen. Jackson disposed of
his part of tlie land, skiving in many in-
stances general warranty deeds, whicli
is proof positive, that lie considered
the title good ; and to as many persons
as desired to know his opinion about
the title, did doubtless express the ut-
most confuirnce in its validity. In
1807, Col. Ervvin and parlner. appear-
ed as the agents of Norto:i Fiyor, re-
surveyed the lands, and exercised oth-

an ou:standi"g tide, w hicii could ho ea-
sily obtained, without labor and with-
out expense? It is i'lcredible, there-
fore, that Col. Krwin, knowing he ac-
quired i'oli;lelo tlie -10,000 acies of
laid purcliKsed ol PrNor in 1808, would
have remained quiiily and contentedly,
for the S|)ace of five years, without ta-
king an assignment of the mortgage,
which he was well aware would se-
cure him to a certain extent, and possi-
bly, altogether. A conclusion then
inu?l tiirce itself upon the rniiid of tlie
reader, that if Col. Krwin never did
lake an uhsolute assi-rnmeiit of the

er acts of agency. It was while Col. | mortgage from Pryor until the year
Erwin was acting as the o^f/i< of Pry-
or in the early part of the year 1 808,
that he was informed hy Jenkin White-
side of the nullity of the proceed-
ings in the Federal Court.* — Y-jt,

with a full knov.ledge of this — and | to all intents and purposes, was beyond
we wish tiie reader to bear it in mind — i the reach of any grasp save his own,
it appears that on the 23d day of Au- 1 We have been thus minute on this
gust, 1808, Erwin and Palton became part of our subject, because it was im

1813, as stated in his answer, matters
were nevertheless so arranged between
him and Pryor, that he could ohtain an
assignment at any moment when it suit-
ed his views, ami that th(^ mortgage,

the purchasers of Pryors right, under
the marshal's sale, which sale Erwin
had lieen previously informed, was
wholly null and void! Thus we lind
that this bu-iincss of pui chasing up de-
fective titles for the purposes of specu-
lation,was commenced by Col. Envin.
Here an inquiry naturally arises. —
With what view could Col. Fjwin, a

portant that the reader should know
who was the real aggressor in this busi-
ness of liuyiiig up old and defective ti-
tles, with ulterior views of speculation.
The truth is, that instead of General
Jackson's having made the discovery
of the flaw of title himself, the knowl-
edge of it w as in the possession of Col.
Erwin sometime before it ever reached

man of sense, have purchased 40.000 ' bim. Jenkin Whiteside deposes, that
acres of land, held under a decree and Gen. Jackson came to learn his opinion
gale which he A-xrm to be void? Tlie ! of the validity of the decree and sale,
conclusion irresistibly follows, that hi- nficr he (White.-ide) had informed Col.
never would have knowingly purchas- 1 Erwin that they were void. And the
ed £0 larne a quantity of lands held I presumption is fair, thai Gen. Jackson
bv a defective title, unless he knew of' would lose very little time in ascertain-
sorne device b\ which lie could strength-' jng the validity of a title so important
enthistille. Now. Col. Erwin knew 1 1.) him, after the rumor of its invalidity
well enough, that if the foreclosure of first reached his ear. No sooner^ in
the mortgage was informed and void, fict, did it reach him, than he hastened

the nnortgage itself was in force, Hnd
that an assignment of the mortgage to

•S. t J. WhitcsiJc-s deposition in ttic clerk's
ilfice.

to Judge Campbell for the purpose of
learnine his opinion. That opinion was
uiifavorahle to the validity of the de-
cree and sale und< r wiiich Gen. Jack-
son claimed; founded, wc presume, on

5 it

TUKWsIIVfLLE Vl>mcATIO\ OI'

a want of jurisdiclion in the Federal [he transferred these notes by endorse-
couiU neither party to the pi'OLced-' ment, and to his great astonishment
i:ig- having been residents ot" the state, i and alarm, soon after received iiifor-
Judge Campbell, furthermore, states' matiou of the failure of Allison, with
in iiis deposition, that he "suggested a notice to prepare to cover his en-

to him [ficn. J.] as a friend, the pro-
priety of taking such stepi, on his part.

dorsements. To enable him to do thi
he was compelled to sell 30,000 acres

as the case for further examination i of hind at 23 cent-; per acre, and was

mi'^iit seem to require I) secure, his own
right to thai part of iho^e Inndi held by
him un'kr said decree and mirshars sale,
as he to whom the said lands were orig-
inally granted, intended to commence
somj legal proceedings, it was suppos

thereby brought to the very brink of
ruin. Nothing hut the utmost energy
and. activity couM have prr-served his
credit. The principal and interest of
these notes ampu ,ted, in the vcar iSli,
to about §13,000; which," together

ed, by offering to pay the mr)rtgage with some other claims against D ivid
money in the name of Allison's heirs." | Allison, increased his demands agai.>st
Tlie opinion of Judge Campbell (he estate, to near S20,000. This is
having bfu'n quickly confirmed by that the trijle that Doctor Armstrong spoke
" " of, as the price given by General Jack

of Jenkin VVhiteside, Esq. the situa-
tion of Gen. Jackson became truly a-
larming. His deeds of warranty made
him liable to the ditli^rcnt iiidiviiluals
who claimed under him; and the mca-

son (or the claims of Allison's heirs.
Influenced by the considerations above
mentioned, General Jacksoft, in lol2,
mounted his horse, rode to tiie state of

sure of dain iges recoverable in such i Georgia, and purchased from the heirs
cases from the warrantor, at //w< pe- 1 of Allison (he equitv of redemption. —
riod, was not the purchase rno'iey with I We appeal to the justice and common
interest, which is the rule in force now, sense of every man, if there be any
but the lull value of the land at the thing qnfair or dishonorable in such a
lime of eviction. Unless, therefore, he purpose. He had previouslv been
could make good the titles of those ' brought to the very verge of ruin bv the
claiming undi-r him, he was absolutely , failure of Allison; was ii strange then,
Tuined. Tims situated, the principle or improper, that he should leel desi

of self preservation promptc^d him to
prepare for the coming storm, and the
rumor previously mentioned to him by
Judge Campbell, that the Biounts in-
tended to attempt a recovery of the

rous of recovering the large sum-
which as the endorser of Allison";
notes, he had been compelled, at an en-
ormous sacrifice, to pay ? The whole
tenor of his conduct, atter his return

lands, by otTering to pay the mortgage iVom the slate of Georgia, bears the
money in the name of Allison's heirs, 'strongest evidence of the uprightness of

doubtless directed h's attention to the
feasibility of preventing the ruin which
on all sides threatened to overwhelm
him, by purchasing the claims of Alli-
soirsheirshimself. Independently ofthe
strong desire implanted in the breast
of every man, to protect himself tVom

bis intentions. He did not immedi-
ately resort to the legal tribunals, to
obtain satisfaction for his undoubted
claims, but inlbrmed Col. Krwin. of the
true nature of his rights,and expressed
a great desire that their respective
claims should be amicably adjusted.

imminent danger, another inducement : Col. Erwin expressed a similar wish,
equally natural, and almost as power- but never offered any terms that could,
ful. operated on Gen. J., and urged him ' with any sort of propriety on the part

to thepurcliaseof the claims ol.\lli>on's
heirs. The nature of lhi> inducement
■will appear from the following futs.
About the year 17011, David Allison
became indebted lo General Jackson
in the sum of §6,076 on three several
notes of hand. Havin'r the utmost

of Gen. J., be accepted. I'rior (0 the
commencement of suit by Gen. J., and
during its pendency, frequent al(em(its
were made lo effect a compromise. On
one occasion,arbitrators were appointed
— among whom were Judges Overton,
While, and MrNairv; and these gen-

ronfidcncc in the solvency of Allison, llemen can sav, whether (ien. Jncksor

GENERAL JACKSON-S LAND SPECUL.\T10i\S.

i;5j

did not, on that occasion, as well as on
evei\ oilier \\ hitti came within their
knowledge,inanilc.--t every disposition lo
have tiic inaiter liiirly and hoi.or.ibly
comprornised-they can say whether the
propositions made by him, were char-
actfristic of the griping swindler, or oi
an honorable high-minded man. The
purchase from Allison's heirs was made
some lime in the \ ear 1812, and it was
no( till 1814, after General Jackson
had used every oKertion to eflect an
amicable adjustment of his rights —
that he resorted to the judicial tribu-
nals ol his country for redress, ixnd Jited
a bill to compel his (idicrsary lo receive the
mortgage money inlh interest — u-hich fic
hctrl previously tendered to him — and de-
';i'( ;• 1/^ the lands.

Let us now take a brief view of the
opposite and conflicting claims set up
by General Jackson and Col. Ervvin —
their justice and equity, and particu-
larly, the manner in which they had
been obtained.

We have seen that Gen. Jackson, at
the Marshal's sale mentioned hereto-
fore, in the bona fide belief of its validi-
ty, became the purchaser of a large
body of valuable land. This land be-
ing sold out by him to diflcrent individ-
uals, for the most part, with general
warranty deeds, he became liable to
them, in case the title through which
he claimed, proved invalid. The title
Tcaa invalid — hr elainird through the jMar-
sfUiPs sale, ichieh is acknowledged on all
hands lo have been null anti void, for the
u-ani of jurisdiction in the Federal Court,
both the pari ie J to the proceedings residing
■nit of the Stale. The individuals lo
whom he had sold, became alarmed at
tlicir situation. For the purpose of pro-
tecting them and himself, and with a
view to recover from ihe estate of Alli-
son some renuineration for the sacrifice
of nearly his whole fortune, which Al-
lison's failure had caused, a t'cw years
before, he obtained an assignment of
the equity of redemption from the
heirs of Allison, by releasing to them
aclaim of about .^'SO.OOO against the
estate, and then came forward and
claimed a right to redeem the mort-
gaged lands, by paying up the mortgage
money with interest.

It may not be irrelevajit lo observe

here, that the right of redem])tion is
aKva>s regarded with pe< uliar favor
iiitliee\e of the law — ca-^es have oc-
curred where parlies have been per-
mitted to redeem after the lapse of
thirty, forty, ai;d even fifty years —
with so much jealousy, indeed, docs the
l;iw rcg.ird the power of the mortga-
gee, thai no conijiact or agreement how-
ever soli mn on the part of the mortga-
gor, can deprive him or his represenla-
lives of the right of redemption. —
Armed with a rigiit thus sanctioned and
favored by the law, which was obtain-
ed for the purpose of sell preservation,
and also, to recover a large sum of mo-
ney, which at an immense sacrifice, he.
had been compelled to pay tor Allison
some years before, did Gen. Jackson
stand in 1814, when he filed his bill in
the Chancery Court, with a view to re-
deem the lands.

How diiferent is the case of Colonel
Erwin? Ho made no purchase in good
faith, and wa^ deceived — he bought
the lands from Norton Pryor, kmncing
the title was a bad one. Jenkin White-
side in his deposition, now in the
Clerk's Office, states, that in a conver-
sation wiih Colonel. lirw in, while he
[Erwiii] was the agent of Pryor, and
before he had jiurchased or.e foot of the
land, he informed him that the decree
of (oreclosure in the Federal Court,
and the sale under it, were entirely
null and void. Whiteside further de-
poses, that when Colonel Erwin was
charged in hi.; presence by Gen. Jack-
son, with having had r full knowledge
of the defect in the title at the time
he purchased of Pryor, he did not pre-
tend to deny it. We should like to
know, therefore, what claim injuitice
or equity Colonel Erwin had to any
thing more, than to the mortgage
money and interest, t!ie right to which
he had acquired by taking an assign-
ment of the mortgage from Pryor?

But it is alleged, thai Gen. Jackson
having acted as the lawyerof Anderson,
and having frequently expressed a be-
lief in the validity of the decree and
sale, to sundry individuals, was estopped
in honor — it is not even pretended he
was in law from availing himself of the
equity of redemption which subse-
quenily came into his possession. If A

256

GENERAL JACKSON'S LAND SPECXLATlUAs.

then, be employed hy B, to engage C to
manage a pieceof piopeily, and Cart-
ing in obedience to the dircciions of B.
manages it badly, is A debarred from
urging any substiptcnl right to llie pro-
perty lie may afterwards acquire? Vei
tliis wa? Gen. Jackson's case precisely.
Judge Anderson never rould have ex-
pected, that he a Judge of the Supreme
Court of tlie State, would do any thing
more in the matter, than merely to
place the matter in the hands of some
cmi ient lawyer, and direct him to pro-
ceed according to law.

As to the assertion, that Gen. Jack-
son was, in honor, debarred of his right
to redeem, because he had frequently
said tlie decree and sale were good and
valid, it involves the grossest absurdity.
When a man warrants the title of u'
tract of land, he proclaims to the world
his i)eru'f in its validity; yet, will any
one pretend that i)y this act of warran-
tv, lie debars himself from setting up a
hitler title to otiier land held under the
same title which he had previously
■warranted lobe good? AVe imagine not.
G.jn. Jackson filed his bill against Er-
■win and Fatton in 1814. Being unable
to raise the mortgage money and in-
terest, James Jackson and Jenkin
Whiteside became interested with him.
Whiteside alterwards released all his
interest, to James and Gen. Jackson,
and Patrick Darby was employed to
assist in conductii:;; t!)e legal proceed-
ings, and to attend to taking of deposi-
tions, &c.

During the pendency of the contro-
versy, which lasted for several years,
various propositions for a compromiye
were subniilted bv Gen. Jackson, one
of which was, that a decree shoulil be
entered in his favor; that Erwin should
pay Gen. Jackson and James Jackson,
$•20,000— that Gen. Jackson should
convey to Erw in, all the lands not w ith-
in the bounds of other claimants — and
that each paru siiould pay their own
costs. This propo-ilion, though so
just and reasonable, was not accepted.
At length General Jackson was noti-
fied by Colonel Erwin, to attend, on a
specified day, at a place calb'd thi
Stone Fort, near the Coloners resi
dence, in Bedlonl countv, where tlu
depobitions of CLTtaiu witnesses were

to be taken. After his arrival, Mrs.
Eruin sought an interview with li m,
which was immediately acceded \o
by General Jackson. \\'c are greatly
tempted to stop here! The vilest cut
of the coalition pack — the prince ol
slanderers, Charles Hammond — the
most infamous of forgers, John Binns,
can instantly anticipate the result of
this interview between Gen. Jackson
and Mrs. Erwin ! The subject of the
law suit, was without delay introd iced
by the latter. Gen. Jackson observed*
that all he required was simple justice,
and as an evidence of his sinccri:y. n>
fcrred her to tiie propositions whicli li.
' had previously submitted, and which
' ne have already slated. Mrs. Erwir
acknowledged the reasonableness t..
the terms, but urged, that simple ju--
ticc to him, would leave her family in
i;idigence. She tiicn with tears in Lei
eyes, intreated him in the name of theii
former friendship — she conjured him.
by all tliat he lield dear, to otlcr such
terms, as they could without ruin li
themselves, accept. This appeal, xrr.
of course irresistible. The gullai ;
defender of New-Orleans, was no!
proof against the tears and distresses
of a woman. He immediately con-
sented to release, icithoitl compensa'iotiy
all claims which he had against tlic
property in dispute; but stipulated,
that Mr. James Jackson, who was a
parly concerned, and whose rights he
could neither release nor interfere
with, should receive some remunera-
tion. His proposition was joyfully ac-
cepted— James Jackson received xlO,-
000 for his inicrest, from Colonel Ei-
win — Gen. Jackson not one cciU: ai
the intercession of Mrs. Erwin, he ga\(
up every thing, and afterwards, as the
Clerk niformcd us but a short time
since, paid upwards of ,S-,700 out of
his own pocket! Thus ended this
nifindliiii^ transaction of Gen. Jackson,
by which he volunlarih' resigned jusi iS;
equitable claims to an enormous amount,
because he had a heart tliat glows w ilh
the kindest feelings of humanity . Hi
merely stipulated for the protect ion of
the individuals whoclaimed under him,
t granted tothe te.irsof a woman, that,
w'licli on every principle of honor, jus-
tice and equity ho was fairly entilh-d to.

St PPLEMENTARY KKitlARKS.

X5?

SUPPLEMICXTARY UEM.litKS.

Since the foregoing articles were
put to press, the sivei.tii number of the
TexxkS'SEan has been received, uliich
is devoted to an inve^iigaiion of the
su!)ject. Jt is a refutation of this same
Nashville vindication, by the devel-
openieiit of additional facts, as well as
by argument, f extract from it some
olthc most material parts of the docu-
mentary evidence, \vhich seems to
show the utter disregard of truth, that
characterizes the vindication.

It is proper to state, that Joseph
Arderson, the original contractor wiih
Pr» or, is now Comptroller of the Trea-
sury of the United S.ates. Although
it waseitireiv throu:;h him, that Gen

was " acknowledged on all hands to havi
been null and void-;'' and conlirms the
disbelief of this fact, asserted by me in
the foregoii'g review.

The Vindicator, it will be found,
makes several references to the tc-ti-
mony of VVhitesides, who has testified
that he communicated the fact, that
the title was det'eclive, in consequence
of the nullify of the decree, to Erwin,
in I COT. This I consider of little im-
portance, cither in a legal or a moral
point of view. Erwin attempted no
speculation upon Pryor, but bought of
him lor §25,000, and Pryor never com-
plained, so far as is made known. But
the parties considered it of great im-
portance, and to ohtain the advantage

Jackson was let in, for a share of the! of the testimony of Whitesides, the
original speculatio'i, it appears that in otiier partners, Gen. Jackson and Sam-
thc new speculation, he was also to be [ uel Jackson, purchased out his interest,
sacrificed. The Tennesscan gives the j and took Patrick Dari)y into partner-
following extract of a letter, written by i ship with them, to transact the law
Mr. Andci-sonto Mr. Erwm, after Geii. J'^^rt of the concern. The impression
Jackson had filed his bill. made ui)on the community, by this

.. .... „ , . I movement, is evidc ced by an act of

'^knoxville, 9lk .4ugv,t, 1814. i the Legislature of Tennessee, passed
I am astonished beyond the expies-[at the session of 1821, of which the fol-
sion of language, at the i,7/ which I j lowing account is from the Tennes-
nave seei coming from Gen. Jackson, igga^:
I could not be persuaded that he would j '

ever contemplate such a measure.— "Need I add anv more on this part
On my return home, I will examine my |*''^ '"J' s"''.it-cl? Surely not. Inde. d
papers, and carefully select every one,i*"'^''^ '■''^^ ^'"^ consternation and alarm
that will aid in deleating the scheme i <^''<^'''^'^ '" ^'"^ ^^^^^ of Tennessee, in
so unti£^htcoiis/y formed, against the I *^°"*^'1"*^"'^^ °^ *'*'' *^°™'''""*'°" ^'"""g
holders,'^U',derlhc decree of "the Feder-'^ '^'^'■'■'"" '•'"^^ of lawyers (a large pro-
al Court. New and strange must be ] Portion of this profession, I esteem as
the d-«ctrine, if a state court can re- i ^^""'""'''''^ ""*^ "l^'igli' "ne'O and others,
verse a decree of one of the Federal!'** ^^''''^^* property from the innocent
Courts— even if there had been an er- 1 P"'"*^'^'"'^'"*' ''''''• ^''^ Legislature
ror in the proceedin->. How Gen.K!)*'"*'''''^ '" "t^cessary to pass a severe
Jackson could avail himself of it, in anv Champrrh, law. hi this law, it is en-
way, (even if an error had been com-i'"=^^^' "'^^''^ "'^ practising attorney,
mittcd, which I deny) I cannot well,*''' P'-''^*'" "''^ ''^^ ''^'-'" '"* practisnig

conceive, for it is a maxim iti law, thai
110 man can take advantage of his oion
long,
(Signed) JOS. AN DERSON."

This is the light in which Mr. An-
dei-son viewed the conduct of General
Jackson, and this is the view entertain-
ed by a respectable lawyer, of the
doctrine, that the proceedings of the
Federal Court were void. It puts the

attorney in this state, shall be permit-
ted to give testimony against a client,
or person who consulted them as at-
torne}', with a view to employ him or
them, by disclosing any communica-
tion made to them, as attorney, either
during the pendency of the suit, or af-
terwards to their injury. Nor shall
any allornoy or other person, under the
pretest of having transferred their in-
terest to real estate, or obligations for

seal of falsehood upon the assertion of | the performance of contrac's, or notes
tlie Vindicator, that the Maiskil's sale' for money during tlie pendency of any

C c

259 CEVRnA.?- TACKSOV'S TA^Tt SVErVI.ATlOSS.

suit ai l;.w. be j-crmiltet! to nwn lesti- winch o\ij.M to <i'ik tien. Jiitkso.) into
01OIIJ iniavor olliios^e who hAd a joi.^t disgrace with every siood man. Was
ii)lcri-i*t with ijim, her or t.itin, at the : it liis conduct that occasioned its e.i-
commenc.ment of 'aid fiiiL=. or bv actmei-.t? It is exactly adapted to hie
waich thev t!iem?ilves could he re- case; and was |w>-sfd »honly aficr lie
leased fiom anv liability to pe.rfoun Ivid purchased out Wliitesides, and im-
co:itracts or pay money." T'is Uw proved hiin a> a witness. The iiiler-
was pa-sfd alrno-t iiearii'^ousl) : ard crce is irrc-fisrible.
al.Moiigh Mr. Diiby, on heiialfol tiim- The advocates of Gen. Jackson,
sell". Air. W'litesid'v. and Gcii. Jack- seem to have inihibcd, in a peeiiliar
SOI. attacked it most violently in his | maimer, the tniils ofconduci that usu-
"' "onstitutional Advocate"' — and altho' ally characterise the most subservient
several aitempl- ha\e been made since parasites. Where his conduct is hast
to repeal it. lliey could not succeed. In ' defensiide. they attempt not merul\ to
fact Mr. Uarby alleires directly in his palliate, hut insi-t to besiow hmh (om-
"Advotate" that the liw was passed i nif^tidation. In this case, the iSashville
purposelv to nllect Gen. Jackson a-d Vindcator makes an etfort to ob'ain
Mr. Whitesides, relative to the Allison ; credit for the General in compromising
estate." the claim. He finds in it evidei ce of

[the nio-t unbounded benevolence', and
Many of our readers know, that Mr. leils a mighty atlec ing tale about the
Darby has made loud complaints, that {lear^ of Mrs. Erwi,i, and the generous,
t!>e Legislature of Tennessee had as- 1 liberal, and instant concessions of ihe
sailed, by l.-gislative en.ictments, his General. In the preceding review, 1
piivate riglits. Tliis short quotation expressed my doubts of the accuracy
explains the- whole matter. The law of the Vindicator's str.tements on f!ii-
its'lfis demonstralive of a monstrous ' point. It turns out that I was rlifhi.
state of society. The Icgul profession ; The whole i*^ a gross and shnnicAil mis-
cannot but feel them-clves much scan-i repre;e-'.talio:i. as the subjoined doc-
dnlizi'd. that, iii any state, t!;c coii- uments prove, wliic'i, witS the in'ro-
duct of t'v-ir legal brethren, should , ductory remarks of the Tennesseao,
have made such a law necessary. — are given at length.
Notliing hut the most outrageous!

scenes of legal combination and chi-| "ii the defence it is sta*ed, f ha: -ai
canery, could have called for this kind ; length Gen. Jackso" was noiified b\
of legislation. Such a law, if exis'i-ig Ccl. Erwin. to aitesd on a specified
circumstances required if, to protect day, at a place called th(? Stone Fort,
the cU'Zcns against combinadons a- near the ColoneTs residence in Bed-
niong-- lawyers, to join in spcculalionfc ford countv, where the depositions of
swear to aid one another, even by dis- certain witnesses were to be taken."
closing tiie secrets of former clients, , Part of this extract is /nic in the Icttti,
was n jnet one. Here, Ihe proposi-jbut all is false in the spirit of it. It
tion we.uld shock u«. We have no conveys the impression to the mini of
court of (he least intelligence, that; the reader, that this was the only
would permil a lawyer to disclose the place named in the notice, in order to
communicalioii- 0)' his former clients, i assist in the inference, that the notice
Tiie lav^ ver who should attempt to do! was designed for the purpose of a meet
it. would be shunned as an aba-jdoned ' inL' between Gen. Jackson and Mrs. Ki-
viilaiii. Fi'ii ii: Tennessee, where Gen. : win; now the (!ulli is. there was a
Jacksrtn !i:is bee,- looked up to. as the'stiii:g of five or six places pointed oat
tutelary gei;fus of ;>oth ben(h and bar. to take, depositions at, in the no'ice,
a very difll-rent moralitv seems to have commencint; in Warren Gounty. ^hen
• prev.iiled. And a legislative act wa*.; in Franklin count\, and then in Bed-
decn.i'd i>p. es-i-iry to prevent General ' ford conntv. The Stone Fort i* in
Jackson l!''.)self, from thus using one Franklin county, a distance of fifteen
ot his com' Jenites. Tliere is a dc- mile> iVom Col. Frwin s residence; the
grce of lurpaude implied in this law, next place, w;is to have been within

SliPPtEMENT.vnY REMARKS.

SSO

two or tiiiee inilcs of liisl.oiisc in Beil
foid cou.it) ; ii.iil il any c/eyj^rt was in-
t.'i.dcd, this would luive been the most
ii.itiir.d phicf.

1.1 Waircii county, the Goneral and
Col. Erwin m.'i,anj iifter laking a de-
position, tne iiexl day roJi^ ict^'-tiiiT to
the Stone Fori. Wliat ^oolc place aClc-.i
nrriving there, will De u.iderjtood by
•reading the Ibllowing H-.temenls, in an
swer to Icttt-rs iVom me, reiim^ting in-
formation on th(> su'ject, fioni Coiono!
Er»vi;i, M ijor Mariax. and .Mr. ^^ m.
JH. -Murraw

" Brdford CoHiilt/, oik June, 1 828.
^ Dr. J vs. L. Armstrong.

JJcir Sir: — Your note of Ihe 3d inst.
is before nic. The statement ui llie
'R publicarr alluded to, is untrue. —
The facts are these: In tlie fall of tni

the Sfone Fort in Fra ikliu coufuy, it
which place we arrived the rexr al'tcr-
i.oon, ami put up at the house of an (;ld
•scquaintance and intimate friend of
mine, whose wife, accompanied by my
• ou'i^est so!i, and a iL>. Mi Crew, had
Lhat d*.y, (just before our ariival.) set
out to North Carolina, on a visit lo her
rflations, (and our's also) in that »ia.e.
M'S. Erwiii, for the ;>urpoie of accom-
paiiji's; her s^m and 'ler 'icighbour,
Mrs. McGrew, and o' vi>iting and ron-
VtTsii {V i\i'h JMrs. .Murray, before ^he
started, i.ad arrived ih'-re the pre<c-
di-ig evi;i.i Iff. Mrs. I'.rwin d;d ir)t
even knoiv that I \v is lo be there, much
U"'sGen. Jackson, and wis very mach
surprised at rueetiiic; us. This tai t, I
I)resume, is in the nxollection of Maj.
Murray, who also knows how peculi-
ailv unprepared ihe was lo receive
La'.c in the evenma, th

|Comp:'ny. l>ia".c in the evenma, the

year 1S23, Gen. Jackson and hi» part- Qp,_^.^.,, 3,,j ^,^rj_ £,.^^j„ wcic "intro-
ner and agent, .Mr. P. H. Darby, w'ere ^^^^^^\^ ^„(j having never seen each
notitied by me, (on behall of rnvseh. ■ ^,,1,^,^ l,(,,^,re that time, although he and
and the other dcl'endants.j that I should ^jv^clf had been at law for nine years,
on certain days specilied, proceed lo {^r^.^, ,j>f,ri,in_'. after breakfast, the sub-
take deposilions at various places, tf' ject of the land dispute was introduced
be read in our defenee, commencing m ^, General Jackson him^e.f, to Mrs.
Warren county, then in Franklin cou'i- j,2,.^ij, ^yhen some conversation en

not the most distant idea or cxpecta- |,j^QPg„jp3yoyp,,(j to excite' his sym-
tion of seeing or meeting Gen. Jackson 'p_.^tj,i,,^^ is utterly untrue. Wuhout
at the taking of these depositions, he .,^y advances on my part, or of Mrs.
havi.^g never before attended in per- i7r\,i„^ t|,e General commenced the
son himself, except when the place was I j,Q„^.j.,.g.^i„„ about a compromi-e. —
Nashville, to any of my notices, al- j j^^jj ,i,^. General then, lhat 1 tiever
though the suits had iiecu on hand i^,,j viewed his claim to ihe lat'.ds in
nine years, and although at vario.is dispute, as worth 12 1-2 cents; hut as
other times and places depo.>itions had )„, jjaj created a division in our ra; k»,
been taken: being uniformly represent- by m.-aiis of two of his friends who
ed by some of his partners or lawyers. ,ii\pj ;„„y,,g U5^ I would agree to u mil
After I had been at Mr. Reynolds's [jj^ proportion lo the settlers on tic
some short time, lo my surprise Gen. land, to take $-10,000; but at the srime
Jackson made iiis appearance, a;id fori (i^jj. assured (.^j^,,^ | „.ould not per-
ihe first time in many years, cxte ided ' ^uade iIk m to ac cdc to jl ; believing.

to me his hav.d, and seemed desirou
to be on l)etter terms. The deposi
tion taken at that place, was very im-
portant to the defendants, and I was
then well conviticed the General's de-
sire was increased to elTect a compro-
mise. We were next lo lake three
depositions of a 'iir.ilar character, al

as ] did, tha.if 1 lived, iley were in no
danger of losing ll eir l:nds — and the
peo; le know this was ti.c course I pur
sued with tl em.

lOU .. re pcvj fuly,

A. ER-.VJN:

7G0

GE-V. JACKSON'S I^ND SPECf LATIOS.

Franulin County, June 5lh, 1 828.
Doct. Armstron'c,

Dear Sir: — i'ours of the 3d inst. is
oefore me; in reply to waidi, I cat.
state what I saw, aud wliat 1 Ijelieve
al)out tile meeiing between Mrs. Erwin
and General Jaikvon at the SionS Fort,
at (lie time alhuled to. I have a per-
fect recollection of Mrs. Erwin's ac-
companying her yoiingi.'st son, and her
neighbor, Mrs. McGreW, to mv house
at the Stone Fort, the evoniig before
General Jackson and Col. Erwin ar-
rived there; and the next day Mrs.
M -Grew and my wife set out for North
Carolina, in company with Mrs. Er-
win's son — a youth about seventeen
years of age. I accompanied them a
lew miles, and on our way met General
Jackson and Col. Erwin going towards
the Fort. I returned honic that eve-
ning. Mrs. Erwin had remained with
mv soifs wife. General Jackson and
Col. Erwin, had spent the evening in
explaringthe Fort. Mill, Shoals, &c. a-
bouLone mile distant. Mrs. Erwin said
she had never before seen Gen. Jack-
son, and could not then he introduced
to him, as she had come there entirely
unprepared to meet company, that she
had been taken entirely by surprise.
and that unless Mrs. VVm. Murrav. my
son's wife, could supply her w'ilh a
dress &LC. she would not be intro-
duced to the General. 3Irs. Wm.
Murray tells me she Hid assist her in
this way, and after General Jackson
and Col. Erwin returned in the eve-
nine;, she was introduced to him. We
all - 1 jped and breakfasted together.
I hf'.ird of no co.iversatio.i a:")ut the
Ux'mU by any of the compa ty, until alter
breakfast the next m'lrning, about the
tim': the wit lesscs beg m to arrive. I
feel entirely confident Mre. i:rwin had
not mcntio icd Jackson's name, and
that she had no expectation of -eeini;
him— nor do I believe, from all thaU
pi-«'d, -le left home with any expec-l
t::ti<):i of meeting Col Erwin. I am!
C" limied in this opiniSn, from heri
bein;;so unprepared io meet company, |
a fl her >yisii lo return home, the day
G-ner.d Jackbon ajid Col. Erwin ar- 1
lived.

iJA.MUEL iMURRAY. I

I certify, that I was at the house o f
my father, at the Stone Fort, both
when Mrs. Erwin arrived, and when
General Jackson and Col. Erwin ar-
rived— and was present during their
stay, which of the latter wa- about 24
hours: and I fully concur with my fath-
er, in the foregoing statement. I am
entirely confident Mrs. Erwin had no
expectation of meeting General Jack-
son; nor do I believe she expected to
meet Colonel Er\vin.

WM. H. MURRAV.

The reader is requested to look-
back to page 256, of this number, and
there carefully read what the Vi dica-
tor has said about the inlerforence of
I Mrs. Erwin, and then compare it with
j the facts here stated. If he be an
] honest man, though a supporter of
! Gen. Jackson, ! ask him lo say wliether
j he has ever witnessed a more scanda-

I lous misrepresentation of facts?

What should be thought of a vindica-
tion, where falsehi od is resorted to.
; with so little ceremony.

Their is one view of this affa'r, to
whcii I would ask the attentioi; of
every man. The allegation of the
Vi.idicntor, as to the part acted by
Mrs. Erwin. is r learly, and, a.- I think,
most fully filsitied,iiot by the assertion
of Mr. Er« in alone, but bv that asser-
tion, contirmcd by the statements . f
I' e two Mr. Murrays, and other cor-
roborating cirrum-tanccs. Did Gei •
eral Jackson originate this falsehood
with regard to Mrs. Erwin? It could
originate with no other person: foi
I here is no prelcnci-, as the story is
lohi, that any other p.-rson was conVer-
sant with the pretended facts. Can it
be, that honorable men will continue
<o support for the high office of Presi-
dent,a man, of whose readiness to utter
fal^enood, proi.fs have so accumulated?
But suppose General Jackson not to he
llic orit'inalor of this falsehood, with
respect to Mrs. En\'in, he has seen it
employed for his vindication, and per-
mitted it to pass uncontradicted. Ry
tills conduct, he has adopted it as his
own — and has become .iccounlable for
it. No highininded. no honorable man,
ever did |)erniit direct fal-e!iood, in re-
lation lo a plain, private matter of fact,

SIIPPLKMENTARY REMARKS.— TO GEN. ANDREW JACKSON. a»f

unmixid with opinion or moiive, to
pas3 upon the world associuted with
his name, much less could he *ufler il
to be pahued otr lo palhate his own
conduct. That G iicral Jackson lias
permitted this, with respect to Rli-s.
Ei-wi;i. is iiKJisputahle. And under all
the circumstances, it is more prohablc
that he is himself the Cahricator, than
that it originated witii Iiis Vindicator
of theNasli\ille Gazette,

Doctor James L. Armstrong:, who is
the autiior of the TennesH'an, has
been violently assailed hy the sii)ip(ir-
ter« of Gen. Jackson. Their mode of
attack, is in accordance with their
means. They denounce him us a man
di'stilutc of character, and as one who
plaved the part of a coward in the late
war. Dr. Armstroiig is a regular
member of the Meiliodist Cl'ureh, and
of respectable slai dijjg in the commu-
ni!} where he lives, lie has been re-
cently nominated a candidate lor elec-

I tor in the district.

I He served as a surgeon in the Creek
war, where his character and capacity
mu«t have become known. He was
afterwaids retained in the same erti-

\ ploymcnt. or station, in the campaign
at New-Orleans, by the same olBcers.

.Had he been K'nown either as cowardlv
or incapabh', tlierc was no excuse for
again appointing him. These facts.

I stamp the charges ^gainst him with

I the indelible marks of slander: and
Dr. Armstrong has sustained them by
indubitable proof. The Editor of the
N .-bville Republican, has been sadly

, imposed upon, or stands convicted of a

t tissue of I'aUehood and misrepresenta-
I. He is welcome to the choice
liesc predicaments.

C. H.

TO GEX. ANUREW J VtKSON.

Sir. — I again take the liberty of ad-

-sing you on a subject which staid^

' conspicuous among your numerous

lets of violence and outrage, that it

^Mcht not to he passed over in silence.

' i-fer to your abuio of ihe Kentucky

loops at the b Utle of New-Orleans,

' ind. to your sulisequent pmuriaitions

in attempting to escape from the dil-
liculty in which you were involved.
To exhibit your conduct in all itt
naked deformity, it will be necessary
to detail the posi'ion of tlie calumniated
troops, ai.d to recount ilie fails which
transpired in reference to them at the
lime.

The main battle of the 8th, waf.
foueht belon»New Orleans on the Irft
liank of Ihe river. lUre you com-
manded in person. It had been pre-
viously deterniii ec', lunvevcr, to make
a delipnee on the other auk — on the ri'rht
baiik of the river. For this purpose,
two positions were taken. The first
was aliout a mil" lower down than the
mnin arm\. At this place, a breast
wcrk, had been thrown up, extendi:.g
three huidicd yards iVom the river,
and defended by three pieces of artil-
lery; from the-<"rd ol' the breast work
a ditch extended thice hundred yards
further. From the er,d of the ditch, it
was still aliont two liundred yards to
tiie swamp. This space w as open and
defenceless.

Gen. ;\lorgan, w ith about fourteen
hundred Loiusiai.ians, commanded at
I these ^'^v; r works, stationing his
I troops behind the breast woik, and
Heaving the rest of the line to the
I swamp unoccu|)ied. The other posi-
|lion on the same side of the river, was
|about a iiiilerttorc Morgan, and nearlv
lOpposiie to the main army. This was
1 commanded by Com. Patterson, with
;a battery of eight guns. Thus stood
j matters on the 7th ofJammry.

Lnite on the evening of the seventh,
I an order was issued from the adjutant
General's olfice, commanding General
^Ad.MiI to detach Irom his corps,
\f<mr huiulml Kentucky ]\Iilitia, and
'to place them ur.der a projicr oflicer —
then to have them marched immedi-
ately up to Ihe city to be arivaJ. and
thence to ero-s the river and join the
troops under Morgan. 'I'bis order wa*
executed so far as il was prarticalile.
The four hundred men were detailed,
and placed under the command of Col.
Davis and marched to Ihe cily; — but
only two hundred of tlicm could rc-
• eivc arms of any kit d — the remain-
der of course returned to (heir camp.
Col. Davis with his two hundred Kt-n-

■MTt

TO GEK. A.VDREVr JACKSON-.

tuckians, crossed the river as directed,
ai'd reached Gen. Morgan about four
oVIock on the morning of the 8th —
Inimi'diately on hi^ arrival, lie was or-
dered by Gen. Morgan, to proceed on
down the river, and in conjunction
with Maj. Arnaud"s commatid, to meet
and attack the enemy, and if overcome
h) number!-, to retreat, disputini; every
inch of ground, back to the woik--. —
This ordt'r was promptly and fully ex-
ecuted. Col. Davis met the enemy,
about half a mile from the breastwork,
and although deserted by Maj. Ar-
naud, he formed his men and com-
menced the attack, firing from three to
five rounds; but receiving a heavy fire
from a mud) superior force, he was
oblig, d to retreat. Having fallen
back to Morgan's lines. Col. Davis was
ordered to form his men on the right
oi tiie breast work. Tiiis threw him
aliuig the ditch, and although the silu-
a'ion wa« much exposed, and his men
nearly cxhau-ted, nnd badly armed,
the order was executed witli the utmo-t
promptness and decision. In this weak
and defenceless condition, he received
the attack of the enemy, and his men
again 'tired several rounds. The Brit-
ish moved steadily forward, and tho'
somewhat pressed opposite .the breast
work, there was no resisting thein
along the ditch. This was the weak
point — the rip,ht of the Kentuckians
was soo 1 gained. Part of the enemy
in fact, were passing the open space
between the end of the ditch and the
swamp. As soon as this was disco\er-
ed, the retreat was commenced, (irst
on the right; but it quickly extended
along tlie line, to the breast work,
where the Louisiana militia instantly
joined it. Com. Patterson seeing what
"was taking place, spiked his cannon,
and also relrented. No attenii>l was
made on the pari of Morgan, to sup-
port tlie Kentuckians by a detachment
from the bieast work. He suUered
them to maintain the conflict alone,
.i':d was un(|Ucstionahly, wholly to
hlame, for the disasters of the day. It
was iniposMble for two hundred men.
btrnng along a ditch to the extent of
two or three hundred yards, to main-
tain their position against righJ /iui>-
'^ed BritisU regulars. It was unrea-

I sonable to expect it. This little band
I liad been under arms all night — tliey
i had exit nothing for foubtekn hovrs-
, they were wretcliedly armed — they
'liad advanced and met tlie enemy; af-
iter tiring and retreating, as descrii)cd-
'hey had again formed along llic ditchi
jhere they >tood unaided and unsup^
ported, till the enemy had turned tlu-irl
i right, and was passing to tiie rear,]
I when they wereag;iin eumpclled to re-
j treat; iiitd for ihir, thry have been brand-
\td-cith ftirCOUARblCK.

1 have here. Sir, given a concise and I
correct account of the Kentuckians,
I whom you so basely slandered in your 3
I report to the Secretary of War. In
' proof of my accuracy, 1 submit poriionS
; of the testimony given belbr- ihc court
I of enquiry which was expressly con-
vened to investigate the truth of \<«ur
charges. Colonel Ford* testified a=
follows:

'• ric occupied abont tiic crntre of Culoni .

I D ivis's line. Tlio rrtrrat of th • rijlil diJ iiul

I conitueuce nnitil ibi' aniiv liad gained our liiii b

' on the riu'ht tlaidc, anil were advancing upon

Iheru. He hail three men vroundcd hy the fire

loflhern^mj u lit iMd crossed (/'if /tnf, and tnrt

\Jirtng on his rear. The enemy in front keitt up

] a hot fire and were about lOi) yanh diifuit.

He faw no general oflicer on horsf-buck: tlic

arm<5 of Colonel Uavig^sineu were in lery bad

order; many of the guns would H'l fire at all."'

The following is from t e testimony
of Lieutenant Stevens:

" He was about the centre of Col. Davij'

line, when the firini; commenced. He |'n;>cd

several timet along the line from ri^'ht ti' left;

our men lired rciierally from Mrcf to/tx rou:idt.

He thinks llie cDciny, when the Kcnluckians

commenced retreating, were within 60 or 70

I yards. Ho was wounded at the commuice-

' ment of the retre.it. On netting up he found

! I lie enemy liad i;olt<n fonie ili^tanoe in adi.ince

' of him, auJ lie presumes from that eircuai.~t.ince.

I th:it the enemy must have gained the riirM

Ihink of Col. Davif's line lu-forc the retroa'

eniiinienced. There was one fourth of l-.i< arms

that had no bayonets, and about one ci^htli

would not fire."

From Captain Holi"« (cs;imony:—

"lie was rather on the left of Col. Davis't
litie. He dislincUii salt Ikr fncnni had i^ninrd
Col. Daris'i riV/ii flank lie/ore the Kcnturlni
Militia comincticid iiie rclrcal. He _thiiik> thej
fired from three to 'even rounds. Tueir iirms
wiTc in wretchcil order, and a co isiderahle
number would not fire at all. He thinks the

*■ Thi' was" Col. Fonl, formerly a Rupre-
I e»ntali\"e from Shelby county, Kentucky, and «
^ .ry correct and intelligent farmer.

KENTI!CKIANa CAI,IJ»mrATED.

2G3,

Frenchmen on his loft nearest tlio breast work, I by Com. Patterson." In this, your
co.uin.nowl retreating about tlic fiuuv. »'"»" carelessness in th.- Mad-mcnt of f-irls
with Col. O.ivi.'. I.ft. The fir.; ufUie enemy | '^'"e'essncss in in., stall mcntol lacls,

was warm, lie neither saw Gen. Morgan, nor
any other field olficer, riding: along Col. Davis's
line after he had Jormed on the right."

From the testimony of Cols. Dejan
and Cavaliier of the Louisiana militia:

and tendency to prevarication, are
both conspicuous. You say, your
strength was very .ittlc iccrea'-ed, be-
cause a " small portion onh/ of the de-
tachment could be armed! In the
next breath, you declare, tiiat a ^•ilrong

"The Krntnckians were almost exhausted i i , j ,i) r .1 .

with r.tigue and hnnjer, having taken no re- j ''«'«'''""e"' of the same troops, OCCU-
freshni nt< lor FoeaTEEN HOUR*. They were pied the entrenched camp with Gen-
aho bi.llv armed and uncuvereii. They be- , oral Mor<i;an! Your slral^(h hot in-

lieie that after the retreat ol the Kentiickian>., ^ j ■" ij ,■ ; j j

' creased, a finall portion only armed : and

lUei/ cnuld fiave formed their respec'.ive regi-
nieiics, to !-up('ort Com. Patterson's artillery.
Gen. .VIiir:;un, Rave no orders to that effect, nor

yet you sent a »' strong detachment'^ of
this small portion" to reinforce Mor-

any order to ehango their i-osilion or to form on | , , j -^,^f^^^ inability to un-

any oti.er groniid. 1 , . 1 ,• 1 ■ 1 • 1

I derstand any nianwuvre of this knid.-

Commodore Patterson, in his testi- 1 In truth, it is gi oss and palpable con-
motiy, expresses his belief that, Mor- : tradictioi>. It nevertheless, shows your
fran after the retreat of the right, might iljiherality to the Kentucky troops, and
have changed his front and supported a disj)o.«ition to magnify the mischief
the artillery. He says: " /;>/((ce(/^iwr occasioned by their retreat. In your
cotifirlenci in Uw Knituckians, and relied ^ report to the -Secretary of War, you
murh ujwn thnr support.''' Again, he proceed:

says: ^Thc Kentucky troops^ tirre vervJ >. jhe entire destruction of the enemies' ar-
BADLY ARMED,- QTvl HE WOULD REI.LT-|niy was now inevitable, had it not been lor an
TANTLY HAVE RISKED HIS LIFE v>ith (I ' unfortunate occurrence, which at this moment
, .. /■ .1 „ I I.,, /<,„.„ " / to(jk place on the cher «idc of the river, .'i-

great portion of the arms used by thtm. ! , „,„„anc..usly with his advance on my lines, he

Other evidence was before the | had thrown over in bis boats, a cousiderable
POUrt of inqniry, to the same effect as , force to the other side of the river, t hcse hav-
Ihe above. It 'all tends to the point, i"g.'^'nJ«d, were hardy enou.-h to advance

1- against the works of General Morgan; aud

and shows conclusively, that tiie fault what is strr.ngc ajid difficvlt to account for, .It

of the defeat, was 'm Morgan's want of] the very moment when their entire discora-

„' / „„J ,„j .„ il,^ ^,^-,.,.«/l■.-,. nf fiture was looked for, with a confidence an-

gcncra.ship, and not in the co.Lar(icc of ^^^^^^^^^.^^ ^^ cenainty, THE KKNTUCKV

flu Kcniurktans. No men could be-, Kt;i,\fo,{^Ci;ivi''.NTS (CJ-INGLORlOUShY
have with more decision and gallantry j I'i-tD^pij druuiug a/tir them by thcU example-,
in their exposed and defenceless con-, <^ ''•^"■^■^■'»-'^''/ '^'^/<'""•"•'••
dition. Thev were acquitted by the ^ I have already stated, that at thc-
court, and you barely gave a cold as-|time you made tiiis report, you could
sent to the dcci'^ion. | not be accurately informed of the facts.

I will now turn sir, to your account j The court of enquiry had not then
of the transaction. On the 9th of Jan- been held. But subscquciuly, the tes-
uarv. and of coui-se, before the truth itimony as above quoted, \vas laid bc-
of the matter could- be fairly known,! fore you. Yet you have never with
YOU wrote to the Secretary of AVar, as! drawn the charge, but have repeated
follows: '■ Although my forces, as to { it in the most aggravated terms. The
number, had been increased by the ar-j {veiituckians were dissatisfied with the
rival of the Kentucky division, my 1 treatment they had received, and re-
strcngth had received very little addi-j quested General Adair, to make ap-
tion ; r; .t?)in///)or/!on on/// of that detacli- plication to you, for that repajation
ment, beini; provided wiih arms." and justice, to which the evidence be

"General Morgan with the New-Or- fore the court of enquiry so clearly
leans contingent, the Louisiana militia,! entitled them. On the 20th of March,
ard a strong detachment of the Arn-lhc addressed you a letter, repeating
lucky troopa, occupied an intrenched the facts, and requesting from you, a
canrip, on the opposite side ol^the riv- more explicit approval o( the conduct
er, protected by strong batteries on of his troops. But you were deaf to
ibe bank, erected and superint<?nded I the application; and regardless of tfafx

26*

TO GEN. ANDREW JACKSO;\.

evidence wUicli was then before you,
you rejilied: •

" It ii true, that in writing to the Secretary of
War, 'ho duj after the action of the 8lh ol
Janii'.irv, R'vinK an a'ccount of the alVair, &c. I
Jul :;tate,th;it 1 had ordered h strong dctachmftit
of the Kculu<ky militia to the ri^ht bank of
the river, and I'tal Uii-y inghrioiuli/Jled txfore
t/ie tnfjny."

By this, you evinced a dctermiiia-l
tion to adiierc to the char;j;e. In the '
same reply, as if wiiHng to excuse
yourself at the time, by shifting the re-
sponsibility upon othei"s, you add :

" As to the ?latcaipnl respnctioj Uie conduct
of these troops, it k'\s foundid on that
MADE TO MK BY COM.M ■UOKK rATTKR-
SON AND GENEKAL MO.'lGAiN, who were
present and coimnaiiding. Their .-^luteiuents 1 i
not onlydid believe, but wasbound to believe." \

You then express your satisfaction that !
Col. Davis was acquitted, because ofi
his good private npulution, though at i
the same time, you more than insinua-
ted he was a poor oHicer. Thus it i
appears, insead of reparation, the
Keuluckians received only a repcti- :
tion of the charge, and 3our authority
for mal<iiji^ it. Tile tcsliinon} of nKin\ '
re>pc'ctai)le men was entirely overlook-
ed. The slatcmi'ut of I'atlcrson ai:d
Morgan, was par.iniount to every thing,
else. Tlicy inlbrmed you — on thcnii
you relied — and because titci/ said »-o, I
you declared that the '•^ KnUuchians in-
g/oriiiiish/ Jlcd! Two hundred mcn.i
wlio had been under arms all niglil.
who had i)een lourtoen hours without ,
refreshm^Mit, wiio were badly armed. j
who had advanced and met the enemy
leaving Morgan's fresh troops, safely i
behind their breastworks, were brand •
ed wit!) cowardice, because they gave ]
way in an exposed situation, bel'ore a i
much superior I'orce. I'ray sir, did it'
never occur to you, that Morgan]
(your great witness,) with his ten orl
twelve hundred fresli troops,, might!
have iitl'orded these Kentuckians some I
little support? Did you suppose a|
ftw raw militia, with h;wl arms, posted ;
thinly along an open ditch, would i
stand the appioacli of six or eight bun- [
dred liritisii regulars? When; was |
Morgan all this lime? Did he not!
kiiow, that an enemy of common sense,
would allcnipl Lu the lirst place, the'

weakest part of his lines? Did hi*
visit the position? Did he encourage
Davis, or otfer him any supi'ort? It
is not pretended, eitier by _\our?elf or
any Ixidy else, that he did. And yet
this very man, who ordered exhausted
troops to meet the enemy, then posted
them where only peril could be ex-
pected, is the chief witness, on whom
you have said you relied, to cliargc
thoM,' tr(iop« with cowardice! As for
Patterson, he was a half mile furt'ier
up the river, at his battery. He could
know notliing of the retreat, nor of the
certain j)osiuon of the British at the
lime: — for aceording to his own ad-
mission, the testimony of Col. C^ald-
well, and Morgan himself, whose words
I quote, "•the fug vas fO thicJc, that thrif
could not see one hundred otid Jifty i/ards.^'
I repeat, Morgan was the man chiefly
to bhime. He lost the day. and was
interested in shifting the cause of the
defeat, iVom his own, to the shoulders
of otiicrs.

I have already presented sufficient
evidence, to convince the world of
your great injustice, and wilful blind-
ness to the truth. Had the mallet
slopped here, lime and the indulgence
of your countrymen, might perhap*
have buried the whole transaction in
oblivion. Bui there are greater incon-
sistencies behind. You seem to have
been chosen, but for what purpose I
know not, to concentrate and exhibit
within yourself, all those contradic-
tions and moral deformities, which in
most ages, have been diversified and
dispersed among many individuals. I
would not have noticed this allair, if
you had not added to your injustice,
the most palpr.ble falsehoods. Such
falsehoods sir, as you can never explain
away, and as will loUow you to the end
of life, and mark you as a perverse and
deliberate liar. I use harsh terms,
but I appeal to the following fiicts to
sustain me.

Recollect the position you first as-
sumed. You say as to the llight of the
Kentuckv troops, uiur statement was
founded on that made to you by Com.
Patterson, and General Morgan, which
you not only did believe, but was bound
to believe!! You did not for a mo-
ment. preti.Mid to know any thing of

TO GEN. ANDREW JACKSO.V.

285

*hc fact yourself, that is at the time j a half, what Caldwell could not see,
when you in ide the charge in }0ur re-
port to the Secretary of War. That
Patterson and Morgan misrepresented
the mailer was amply proved hefore
the court of enquiry by at least half a
dozen most respcclal)le witnesses. —
Still von was deaf to tiie cry of justice,
and wiien pinned down l>y Adair, and
forced to abandon your reliance on Pat-
terson and Morgan, instead of declar-
ing like an honest man, that you had

on account of the roc, (uo hundred
yards! But further, Gen. Morgan,
your own witness, disclosed in terms
not to he mistaken, thai -ihe itcather
was so thick, he could not see one hundred
and fifty yards !!'^ Other witne-^ses tes-
tified to the same fact. Now, sir, did
all those men lie? Did ihey perjure
them>elves? if they did, why was you
so long silent on the subject? VVhy
did you not expose tliem at the time?

bc(Mi deceived, ) on state: "The rir.i. and above all, why did you rely on
viF.w WHICH 1 HAD FROM THE PARAPET ' PattersoH and Morgan, when you had
OF MY Li.vK OF DEFKNCE, GAVE MK FULL the ovidcnce of your own eyes, of the
EvniENCE OF THE (fJ-'^GLORIOUS j alleged "/)n;7or/o«s///>/(^''"'' The truth
FLIGHT of the troops, on llic right 6a;iA: is,sir, you liave not only prevaricated,
before the enemy."' This assertion was' but have been guilty of the most gross
made in 1817. How does it compare i and deliberate falsehood. Vou riever
sir, with your previous declarations ?| Mai the Kentucky troops ingloriously
Did vou not say, that von relied upon! fly! You could not see it. At the
Patterson and Morgan? Did you pre- J time, you did not pretend to see it. —
tend at the time to know anv thing of Driven to extremities you assumed the
the matter /jt)-jo/!«//^? Surely you did ' character of the braggart, and swore
not, and for the best reason imagin-; to that in the oir/, which had never en-
able; everybody knew, that situated ' tered your mind in the hrginning, —
US you were, vou could have no per- 1 There is a perverseness of disposition
sonal inform ition on the subject. Y'ou i about the wliole of this transaction,
were a mile and a lialf distant, and the ' which marks you the stubborn, unyicld-
fog, says Patterson, and several other ; ing, and uncompromising bully,
witnesses, was so thick, that objects There is one other point, upon which,
could not be seen at the distance of] as an olHcerand a gentleman, you was
tifty yards! This you knew at the Abound not to be mistaken. You have
time, and therefore never once intima- reterred to it several times, in your let-
led, that you saw the flight. But in tei-s and reports, and in every instance
1817, three years afterwards, you saw : have misrepresented tlie truth. I
through the OCr'fog and mist on a level ■ speak of the rfjiciency of Com. Patter-
line of a mile and a lialf in' extent, : son's battery in the atfair of the 8th,
when every body else could not di=cov- on the right hank of the river. It is in
i^r objects, at the distance of a few hun-I connection with your pretended person-
dred vards! But I will refresh your al knowledge of the inglorious flight,
memory by giving the testimony. It wear« the same reckle-s and stub-

Gen. Adair, who was standing by born aspect, and shows with what im-
Ml at the time vou pretended to have pndent clfronlery you misstate impor-
■ en the flight, says: 1 tant fact-, in order to make out your

•The distance from »' to the tro^ns wa, I ^f <; .\" » letter to Governor Adair,
more than a milf an'i a lialf— rt^T\\ZKT.\0\ April 11th. I8l /, after dcclarmg

^ "" ■' " " the

f^n 1 mc''^ '-'i lilt; ii\"-»|»:-^ *\_"vi iiu«^*> »ii^ iCRf^rC

WAS A THICIC FOG, AND I CONFESS I (hat VOU saw from your parapet, I
'7r"M%^ARVlY'35,''""" '"''"'''' ^n flight ofthe troops, Nou add: -Xouh

did I hrhotif, thill mnnly defence, uhich I

Col. Caldwell, of the Louisiana mi-
litia, testilied, that.

-iirh was the /"o? and mist townrdsthe river
T-TIIAT HE COULD NOT SEE Col. Da-
. 5 line but he hoard tlm fire."

expeiteH, exerf)t from Piitteryon^s LrltTies,
WHICH WEliK WELL SKRVEDI!"
Now, sir, this can be no other than a
malicious and deliberate falsehood. —
Patterson never fired a gun. His bat-
It seems, however, that you sawl tery was not served at all. unless the
■arlv. at th'' distance of n mib and' spikins of his guns was th^kind ofser-

D -1

kl

iM TO fiKV. ANnnBW.JAtKSO\..-TE.N.\KSSF.K...Hi:KO OF TWO WAR.t,

Slal'

'twa;.

vice ol "hicll be spoke, in prrxif of. ttuVier extraeU from Oie Drama of IJtt

What I bR>, I submit Palt.-i,o.>--. ov.-.! ^j^j.^ ^„, ,,.„^^ „. ^^j.
wordi, delivorcd in te>timony l-.cfon |

t\<." court of enqoiry. •'77ie i-/V/i< o/'j AC T IV — SCENE I.

Xj/gTft's hue in Ihdr retrral, prrssfd nn j fMvnrm.:E«nomn.oii.— Si e.i br/ore Ih-

til', eight pii'ces of orlitlenh under mu com- i iivuir. J'a-o citiams meeting ]

//i7-»/,w//itv;- PRKVKNTKDFKOM; , ,,,. j,„. jj^ ^f March arr come :

FlixIN'G, iiftr Itinuiiu lltfTii for lli'il oithi»iliiy,

punm.it, fur fear of injuriwz thr men \ ^^^" "to'""^' '" *"•">'' ''^» usurpation,

I n I " V I ■■ I Lif- 1 ' 1 1- lute our wi<-f onc« have (U'COMrrv Diauc,

WwA'A kc. Ai^aiM lie ?ays: "I- l.ld-!T,,^.„l^^„f Vi.rcl, are Hero's natal dav.
in^' myself abandoned by tlic forcu- 1 re- 1 ^ct. l\, ixuy siy, iliat at cnr Htr..', i.:rtb,

lied UOOn to support niV battery, I «^as,j" The frame and Imseiuundatioii of tiiceanli
ujhr dcslroi/uig my poiokr, and apiking \ ^^'''^"^^!^\ * cowanl,- a? ut that of Glcn-
■niy guns, compdlal to abandon </'««."] Do any sa*', that wlion thr chi.-fwa* b..rn,
This is precisely the accolUlt which '"I'he Iroul ol In aven was full of fiery st.ai>i-£, .

Paiterjoii liim-eil" gives of bis share i"^''" ""jV "" '^"" ^^^ '""uuiain,, and tht
theac'.ion. I repeat, lie did not lire a , w^^^jtranftly clamorous to the frighted
gun — he gives the reasons a-Ay he did I fn-Kis."

no'. Yet you say, that ''vou no v/here i 1 Cir. lii^ Gatter^rs dosa; niucb absurd as
witnessed that m.inlv defence, \v!»i«;h| , ,^'''' .in oi ,

, - . ,, , An>l lie can v:iuiil as loirl'v as Glemlower,

you expertcd, except Irom r.(^'f»SO»i fjOl c;;illin:r>'s,.iri»3fruiu thr>"rasU ileeii,"
blttuif.S WHICH VVERK WE!.;, sKRVtijl!!! " j And o*hcr a viia s'jr.uu-ipp luoilal mHn:

You said this, i.i order (o in.i-:;!iiry the t Cli;'!^ij|si"' !'.iir«, lo check ...crea« oi kuo«l-
disgrace of Keuiuckians. You meant \ And !o°.;i'ing offhis hand as pmishmcat,
to Insinuate tiat they were well sup- i For o'er pr..'--unit.iui.'U;> tnri.i^iiy:
por ed ; a-id in fncl, were tlie o.dv cow- 1 Ofv'-'df'S «^«"l' i" .ca,* .i;.J ;*-;.llow hiia,
ards on tiie held. !>ow, sir, did vou

i CiT. lli» birth dtiynowii laadfii fistival
sre from your r>irap'"t, "P i n'ERSON S ] '"ulieiuier-vj for iln- Hit">i "f I'^rni' »5ee,

BATTKrtv WELL skrved," ordidyounot? T'le "^'ip^'-j'
Was it not the same kind of a vision,
you had through a dense fog, of (iie
iiiKloriou'; flight — I mean an nfler v:?-
io

teii.'.'it jl ail Ueniiit:!^!:.
1 Oir. Full thirty years iliiii Liriii.t I have
kn.jirn,
And mm y day by him ni idc io<>ninrable
Myself hadi WitutssiO, au-l liutb heard dii-

coarscd of.
Thirt- vvediiing days ami n thrice wedded bride,
WVrf- oncp liie coiuinci. pnvin o' the land.

generated by stuliboriiness. malig
nity, and a deierniitiation, ai all liaz

;!r.js Io support VOUr previous c!iarges?i The -ist'i ..f Jun« c:in never ho lur<ollcn

To me. sir. and to the worl..l, it pre- "'V^'^i*''',^'''^•'■'' ^rK'' ''■^' "'■'^'' ^''' ''
... . , \- 1 .Ai.d \vl:.l ' llir vicluu ofhij vcuireur.ct- la\

senlsthis hate(ul.T«pect. You liavevoj ■;i,r,.ui.ed m Ih- balnlinion^ oi de.ith: "
room to escape ' is coi, elusion. It is l Wlilst vet tlu- life blood i^'uedfroDi the wound,
forced upon vou i.vall the circumstnn- J,?'' «">i tl'c.n.nuc widow and bti i...h^s,

,', .' I 1 .• , 1 : Went OCT the Ln,-bii.d and the father loft;

oes, and by indubi.able le.-tiinjny ; and; »Vhil-t tin- «h.de i.Bn,,|c were in 'adne»i wrapt.
yr)U must re-^t Uin' -r tiie iniputalion of! l-Vrthe uuiimely faleof one helovrd,
having basely sj.n. lere.i your iollow ri | ;^"'' '""i^i to u.ake some imhlic demi.njlration,
,. ^ II- T ■- I ()f , ahlic uirrow, si'ci'.i'.in;; irivate sri. I :

tiZins. a!id aiierw:inN ol bavil.'i ;»>((.-«| .-|-„;,s ,i.i.„,,.vei. then, tl.i/. darin:: hi inieide,
baselv falsified the teMlh,tO •jUslain vour-; Unluocbtd by that romor»e, v<'hiet» otlitrs Icel,
sr-lf. " Such a man 1 ran never support 1 .^y""' '" =', "'"'."'■"' ".' ''"".''r"'' P"'-'""' , , .,

. Q, 1 •»■ 1 I- Have shwl Iheir brother ~ life; nim">vrd uv pil>

(..roflire; and it th' lvi:vrUCKiAvs r.-i",! ,ie^„r,,l^,j,,„y of|,„,,lir ^,.i„„„,,,„^ •' •

th»'y arc not that i;ioU MI\Di:D, CIIIVaI.- i Rui1cI> »s;=ailcil thefreeilom of the (irci--,

noo~ PEOPLE, TUf.v H.wF. nEKA' RF.pnc- j *^ '"' "^"'^V"-' y™^"''"'" ^''''f*'' '•" j,"''''''''"''--

' biiiMving friend'', and cheek the swelling strcati'
Of ceueriiui iyiii|>a(liv, in iitliers' voc.
.And deeds like thi:' have cincijuered all hi:> life,
Uispeiiiing grief and tomiw round his ji.ith.
2 CiT. tle'3 not th" le-s ii Mtint, tor w hat you
say,
fOIeolon of] Granlinv; it true, even to the very letter

'■'■- " " - 1 'Tis dcedsof blood llial piiii renown for man:

I \^'lio lives to fame, but in the v.iice ofolher.i.
^ Hero i; now in'ide great, I' a» like a mirror,

N, f'.i>.| f.\iu that of boots and stimtilntuii; fame)

He may reflect the frcatnci'of ^,^? luaki ■■-

3E.NTE1).

Tr..\M:sSKK.
Admini-tratifiii eimll.l ites for
rrnaileiit uml Vii:ePri.'iid. id h;i«'
naied Ml llir •!■ Oi'lrict« •>!' !'• Tie
jVn.'-iV' r>,</r.Vf.-n'. K' vn ■»'
A-.....Ti(.' .•i/.,(r,v/_T. M Vei.3-
Btiford iJittuiif— Ur.Ji.U£s I-. .■VaMSTii{>5'i

HERO OF TWO W.VUS.— CO\GRESS.lI.4.\ » VMUL.

26T

Tli.y hrinij him furll" to sho\<r, like daucin^i

AuJ Uarni'il ;)ii;s iiml lions safe y "^iized.
H. iMts tie hpaf", ht «i)t-aks a- tticrs Ijid liim,
Tlii-iis lii» birili liiiy, ami tni- ihiv he leasts,
B'.i SIS u S'.:t-ci.i' ic li> be ijiipt^l lip '"•
i ir.'l, r!e rnii't ln'iir u •iii'rcli .if I'lilsdine jiraisi.s,
A . ti'.iTi ru--rr!io Mil llic iioifonso l.iicb,
A> ifh 5-,(;|, ul'iiii in, a? M ilfiMin''! iui."t Qltinjr,
■ T" tnkle '■iirs >iii Iirici5wiihi.ui rdiixliuti.
S' ..■ c.ii c iv.,lc:i'l-- in (••Sill iii'vii.iCts —

V. ■ , •• (i/ii lirnaiulnure'^ lo ftir one's

I
1 . 1 i;;liltr! Kiir other feeling should

F w nvi humiliation,

■; :. ••! fri t-ild'ii's happy laud,

9 ■, tliii: hi^h.lesli.ij".

._, ^vc ^hOL'irl iiiuurD and

<. ;i -• ih'iiin fast,

A ; <j td iiiik'- iituupinent,

T ..! til!'! rr- kits,- man

li il r iiinl hiiii, ih:iii to spend it

i.fijr hisrrioic^. 1!ip Intel sh^'nld wail,
ho wins and cliil'lttii of his victi.u?,
„•! the deep pailutidri^ from ■itii i a-uui

''CENE i(.— r,ic Stale Hue.
Oat'i- PuJ". CUizens. .■ill sealf:i. Orator
ij iler< «.« ]
»)iiATo?. This iiitervic* his not been sought,
),'rtal sir,
-For puriio c- ;HiH;ici.' ; far Qtii< rivi?.',
We utl-r!;. ilivlaiiu ih uii«'jrthj luutive.
[•'ITIZKN, bt-hi^'f uA-l ostdc.'\ If Ih it were

swor.. It wotiiil not l;s h' lievrri.
OnATOR. Oijr sir.):!f j>i'r|>nse 1" k. t«»'.ify.
The kiiiil timl j;ra'.ci«i f'Ciii.e- of our heirtr,
Tm e\id<ri.;e o'i' ii:>din.im«h<il Hve
For" moral rclu " iiii i t^Tp'i'ulrri'-liu.

CiTizt^y, au'ie. Prnat"^ virlm! "tis indeed u

'Twere riot rtviic puiliCy that we'd known he
hud it.
Orator. Wc hnvr? known you froai the
greatest to Ih" li-ast.
The frey hcail veicra.i of the revohilion,
Aud the iiiDi'. juvenile ipectatorpie<ent.
CiTiiKN, oMdi . Thi-y have besn hiio at the

coek pit man? a lime.
Orator. I o all this day, and this occasion
briu;.
The reciiitii'cences of other year?,
The aged reiiieinber— ^

Citizen, atidc. How Dickin>on was shot —
the treble wedlinu'^.

Orator. The ugcd remember you Ihe ad-
vocate
" ii" Cliei fs rijilit".

(JiriZE>, oHfff. Uanil rlirnt^, I suppose.

Obaior. The prosecutor against public
criiuc*.

CiTizKN, a-nde. Unless when [ttrpetrated by
him^^elf or friends.

Orator. The stern, ioipartinl, even handed

, .i"'lg'*- ^

Citizen, aside. When Wliite, his Iji'olber

honiicide waK fried.
Orator. We h ive seen the benefactor of
li.e nation
v-=adi'd by most unsparing perecution;
M- pnvate actions, his mo-t hidden deed','

Drugged into light in all tlieir odious features;

WiitiMiit rt'sard to his don.e-tic |eace.

We have seen hi^ bo-o.u Inend, his lovely wife.

.\ rareuxtiniple of most ri,'uf viniie.

Thro' her whole lile, chas-U; U5 Liicrstia's sdf,

Kiiiil, pious, ch.'ir:tab!f, ;ill th.u man

Coiiid wish in woiiiati, husband in a vvilc,

l'"ree fmni v.j roach, as even niitlit cuutout

Casar hiroseif, in nio'^t fustidious mood.

Citizen, asiVfe. llecord* were nothing in th«
days ofCVsar.

Orator. This lair example of unblemished
virtue,
The venal libeller has dared as-ail
Willi blackest del.imaiiun

Hero. Ves, yc.-, my friends, malignant
snii Its have speit.
Against my peace. Bat truth omnipotent
O'er fal.-ehood and o'er irror must prevail.

CiTi'ZEN. Then Hero sinks fo'cver, for with
truth.
He and Ims friends have slight association.

Hl'ko. rerditiou! what damned voice dare
niter
Such mutiny in this assembled house?
Let him he Ibnnd, let the infernal villain
Be seized ; orif he run, (hen shout him down,
Put ten balls through him, make destruction

sure:
Insult on insult! TuriesI ria(cue=, and Hell!!
[^/Jcrii raras, slamj)!:, chmKliet his jiati, and Olt

cuicmi'l^ dissnlvc in cnnfusion.']

COKGRESSM.VN DANIEI,.

There resides, somewhere in the
state of Kentuck), ii:i obscure ig.:o-
i\iinu>, wl.o writes Iiis name '•' H.
Dcttie.iy Tiic same cxiravagaiit ab-
surclilj wliifh lias nnide Andrew Jack-
son a candidate for tlio Presidency,
lias made this " H. DAMt.u'" a mem-
Iier of the Congress of tlie United
Stales. Who he is, what his profes-
sion, w'lat his character, where lie re-
sides, I knox i;ot. I know notliing
ahoui him, hut what I collect from »
twenty-four pafje pamphlet, addressed
^ to the Pfiiplp. of tliP. ftrsl Congrmfioiial
Dislrid, in the stale of R'enlucki/.," dated
'•\Vashiiic;toii City.April 21.if;28. and
siil)-ciil)ed ""H. L'ANir.r,."' This p;im-
plilet is now bcf'ire mt . and for down-
riglit impiidcht faUrliood. low.dirlv in-
siiiualion, coarse vulgar hlackguardism,
and ridiculous ecotism, it has very few
parallels. Of himself. ai:d upon ac-
count of liimself " H. Daxifi," would
be ui. worthy of notice. But as a he-
loilo libeller, and com'tinalion mem-
ber of C'ongre>s. a factitious impor-
tance is attached to him. It becomi^s

•MS

CONGRESSJkLlN DAMELr

proper to expose him as one of the in- 1 moving in a circle at its extent, flat
strumcnts wliich are made u>c' of, to ' footed, and upon all fours, or propped
subserve a pur[K)s.c, al a time, when
the public intelligence and the public
morals are out of joint.

The fir>t eif^ht pages of this address
are devoted to '• IL [)anif,[," himself.
Their contents would he compressed
by an Indian chief, into about live
words: '• Big ttvin m<\ QipUiin John."
The burthen of the story is, that one
Mr. Thomas Curry, "liad bi;en hrou-iht
from Kentucky to this place, (Wash-
ington) owl piiiil out of the cnnlingent or
secret sen-i'c fuwl, to watch mv move-
ments, and misrepresent mv ixto," and
bad accordingly very grcviously mis-
represented both " H. Daniel" and his
vote-i.

The assertion, that Mr. Curry had
hern brouirht to Washington, may be
true or false. 1 know nothing about it.

upon its haunih, atlected to stand up-
right, and look ciiiminglv around, could
make no dilTerencc. lis range of bodi-
ly motion, and of intellectual exertion,
would not be more eflecluallv limited,
than were tlie Coiigresifinnal move-
ments of " //. Dantil." whose forward-
ne-s of mann<'r. and ror.fu^ion of ideas,
rendered hisetforts impotent in all tliat
could produce political rtfect. No
money price could be paid upon ac-
count of such an animal, except by
mere ideols. And a^ Mr. Adams anil
Mr. Clay arc allowed to possess some
maiiagement, it is ridiculous to sup-
pose that " H. Damel" ever attracted
their consideration.

To treat the subject seriouslv, noth-
ing can be more absurd, false, and
I wicked, tiian the assertion quoted .-i-
The object of his visit may have beenh,„m a spy upon "H. Daniel," being
to >'xvalck H. Daniels" movements, U;^„,-^ o«/ 0/ //ic co»./»>iec«^ or ^tnr/ ser-
and misrepresent his votes. 1 say this .,„.p ^„„j/ v -j'he writer knew it was
may have been his object. But it false— knew it was destitute of proba-
would require strong proof to estab-. ijim^.^ ^^j made the allegation in con-
lish the fact. This -11. Danif.l isi tempt of all the feelings.^ which alone
certainly too msignihcai.t a personage distinguish the upright man, from the

to be worth any such troul>le, or any
kind of expense. Men who had mo-
ney to expend, must have had more
sense than to expend it so foolisiily.
Judging from this address, it would
seem manifest, tliat '• II. Damel," is

most degraded of his species.

From himself, ^^ Big mnyi me. Cap-
tain John," '• II. Damel" passes to an
attack upon the pecuniary transactions
of Mr. Adams. And here he shows a

too legitimate a Uron-^hcad, to be dan-|^^'?'>t .^-^'^P'?';". «<^ common sense.—
gero.is to anv bodv, but hi. friends, p""^':'""' "','"* !'}^" "''^'■'P-'^'^"X "^
Impudence a'vails nothing, unless ac-K"/"! even a plausible lie. upon matter,
companied with some tact. False- 1 ?//'"°""»'"^ avails himself of Mr
hood, unless ingeniously contrived, ^^omas P. Moore s labours of lies, and
does mischief to those who use it: and i'l"«t<^' ^"'"^ six pages of garbled ac-
even vulgar assurance mav be so gross, I ^"""f^' /'"'' m'^stated propositions,
as to disgust its own partizans. how- ^'"^'1 <'"s ^«'"e Mr. Moore had for-
ever vulgar or inprin.ipled. The as-l^^^.b' ^•■^•'^ "P"" "'.'^ P." '.''^- ,/" *•'»=
sertion. that Mr. T. Curry was ";,«/f/i ''^Jj'"^ "P ^'^^ ^o"!'* "' '''^ colleague.
ovi of the ronlingn,t, or the secret .«,-•/>,"«. Damel • acted out his real char-
fun.l," is mo<t in mifeslly a Hal lie.— j'"''^^'^'''

And a lie without the slightest color of I The contingent expenses of the go\-
triiih. I eminent, arc the next theme of •' H.

In the first place, tiio<e who control
either of these fund--, could never
think it wortii wiillc to ''nnlch the
m'rccmaits" of " H. DasiKl." They
would as soon suppose it necessary lo
" jcntih the nva-nnnU.'" of a pet bear
chained to a po-t. Wlu^ther the a'i-

mal drtigL'cd his chain ou tiie ground, accident.

Dax»el"s" discussion. Here, he re-
poses himself upon the labours of tlie
Committee of Retrenchment, and a-
dopts all their misrepresentations. It
is true, his letter hears date before
their report was made; but the like-
iie<«cs are too strong to proceed front

CONGRESSIWAN DANIEL.

269

Oil page sixteen, besides a goodly
portion of slang, about •'coalition slan-
der." "Hani-." fortjed letter," &:c. "H.
Daniei." a<soit<, thai the supporters of
liie ndmini-tration maintain, " thai tin
eiid jmiijieis llir means r' and then adii>
Uiat it was bt/ divine rislu tliat " Mr.
^dnms, in his mesaagc to Congre^^a, claim-
ed the power to imolvc the nation in a
ciii/ war." This is that sort o'f false
hood, which none conlvl utter, but a
most abandoned knave. Piorecding
in the same strain •' H. Daniel" asks,
" To whom does Mr. Adams look for sup-
port?'^ and then rejilies, '■^Mt to the Re-
puh/icans of the Jefferson school; bvl to
the old federalists and plotters of the
Hartford Conrenlion.'''

Indeed. Were not the Bells and
Plummers of New-Hampshire, the Lin-
colns and Silsbees of Mas-achusetts,
the Spencers, Youngs, and Porters of
New- York, the Southards and Condicts
of New-Jersey, the Gallatins, Careys
and Lacocks of Penns}lvania, the
Madisons, Munroes, and Stuarts of
\'irginin, the Clays and Slaughters of
Kentucky, the Jlorrows, Gen. Van
Homes, and Sloane"s of Ohio, Repub
licans of the JelltM^on school? Noth-
ing but a compound of ignorance, folly,
depravity, and impudence, would as-
sert the conUary.

And let me ask, who were more in-
veterate opposers of the .lefTerson Re-
puljlicans, than Timothy Pickering,
Thomas J. Oakley, Louis .McLanc,
James Ross, Jo'-eph Hemphill, John
Pope and John Rowan? \Vho was a
more principal plotter of (he Hartfo.'d
Convention, than Harrison Gray Otis?
Who were its stronger apologists, than
Timothy Pickering and AVilliam Cole-
man. Vet are all these vehement in
their opposition to Mr. Adams, and ar-
dent in support of the Hero. Verily,
»* H. Damf.i," is a suitable instrument
for the combination to employ. He
pays as little regard to Irnlh. as the
Hero himsell'.

Mr. Clay is next denounced, as
making bosom friends of men whom
he formerly- abused as federalists:
" The old and firm Republicans of the
Jefferson school, are cast off and slander-
f.d by the hirelings of Ginernmenl.'"'

Who, in the name of common sense,
arc these old and firm republicans?
Are Amos Kendall, Shadrach Perm,
and John Pope, Moses Dawson, Klijah
Hiiyward, James B. (iardincr, Cadwal-
ladcr Wallace, John M. CJoodenow,
John Mathews and William Stanbery,
of the number. Or are we to look
eastward for them, and find them in
such men as Stephen Simpson, and
Dabney Car, DufI' Green and Russel
Jarvis? or risiig a grade higher, is it
to V\'m. B. (iihs and Hdward Liv-
ingston, or to John Randolph, that the
allusion is made, as "old and firm
Republicans of the Jifferson school " who
"«re cast offf The charge is a false
one, apply it in whatever way it can
be applied.

In one part of this address " H.
DA^'lKL'' has placed himself in happy
and appropriate association. He takes
up as his colleague and compeer, our
famous Greene county witness, '■'■Sam-
act 11. jMillcr."' This vagaboi d faUifi-
er"s statement, stamped with fal-ehood
by a dozen witnesses, as wc 11 as by its
owri intrinsic absurdity, in relation to
John Woods, is published in the ad-
dress, and vouched to be the ''true his-
tory of that transaction." Those who
know how fully this Miller's statement
has been disproved c;in, at once, un-
derstand what sort of a genius this "H.
Dan'iel"' must be. The insertion
of Miller's falsehood is followed by a
paragraph ab<int "forgeries and false-
hoods," which "H. Daniki." gia\ely
asserts, "are intended to divert the
public attention, from the extravagant
waste of public money, by Mr. Adams'
administration:'' a falsehood in excel-
lent kcepitig with those of his fellow
Miller. And as to the waste of public
money, "H. Damei." declares his de-
termination t() carry the war into Afri-
ca. In performance of this valorous
determination, he again betakes him-
self to the labours of others. For. how-
ever confidently he trusts himself to
make unfounded assertions, yet, when
investigation or computation is requir-
ed, he confesses his incompetence, and
seeks aid from his associates.

From expenditures of public money,
this incomparalile master of the "mazy

^70

t ONGRESSMAN DANIEL.

dance," luii^back to ilie alledgcd "aris-
trocratic predilections" of Mr. Adams,
to which he traces the recommenda-
tion of a Naval School and a National
University. Good squire Wrongiiead
for^^'ot, that the latter was recomniebd-
ed by VV'aslmigton.

Grievous complaint is made al.out
the exposure of Gen. Jackson's igrio-
rance and violci)ce, in the famous Dins
more letter: upon the heel of which,
we have the six militia men, with a
false assertion, that Gov. Blount's order
of the 20th of Mav, 1814, was kept
back by the Government. This doc-
ument it is well known, was puhl shed
in tiie administration papers last (all,
with comments. Yet "H. Danikl"
ventuicd to say "it was one which they
ARTFULLV endeavoured to conceal.'" A|
sinj^niar attempt at orU to co/icea/ what
had long been puhlis'ied by the same
partv thus accused of concealment! |

We have next this assertion: "It is
now clearly demonstrated, that the
leaders of flic coalilion will resort to
every falsehood, however base, to pro- !
mote their ambitious designs." This '
must be one of squire W rongbead's
blunders. He must have been speak-
ing of his own parly; and if ^'cortlitinn"
be struck out, and "combi notion" insert-
ed, liie truth of the paragraph would
■be indisputable.

There is something in (he following
that seems to mean more than niccls
ihe eye.

" If we surrender our rights, and
TAMELY SUBMIT to ihc li.ection of
Mr. Adams, it will be a surrender of
the very principles of our government."

" Sithmission" to " (kclioii,'^ 1 had
thought, constituted the lirst ^'■prind-
pte of our goveriimenl,'^ If we do not
"submit," we must resist, and resis-
tance to an '■^cliiiioii." would obviously
imply subversio'i of the ^oveiiunent. — |
It is usually by means of silly knaves,
that artful ones feel tliu public pul'^e.
upon such dangerous doctrines. It is
not uidikely that the suggestion was
made to our squire Wronghead, by one
of the masterspirits, a\ul from the ho!n-
age paid to the southern members, a|
paragraph or two below, we are well j
warratitcd in surmising, that it c.imt
from that sectio:i of the Union.

'•The soutlieni members, although
opposrd to the laiilf, voted for the
VVestern interests, and it may be at-
tributed to tlieir generosity, and good
feeliiig for Kentucky, that we hii\e
been able to sustain ourseKes, and the
interests of the Western counlr\."'

" ."/n in cclmvlcm uTlcm" is a latin
m:ixim, which literally translated, reads,
" The art is in concealing the art.'^ The
southern members have played very
successfully upon such ciu/dirs as t!iu
"H. Danikl.' AVe could ask no bet-
ter proof than the sentiment? in the
paragraph quoted. The srcne re-
minds me of a couplet which with lit-
tle variation, may be employ ed to de-
scribe it:

"TAe souUiem membcrt, when this tool t'ify sa^c,
Cltiunlinii tfidr requiem.' o'er t.ur L'tiuni'sloir,
Admirtd furh fan ni ig in a rrertrni shape,
^inil palled Daniel as ice pat an apt."

If it were not for the public mischief
which mav probably be the cotsc-
quencc. it would be a subject of amuse-
ment to contemplate a southern naboi),
practising upon the base passions and
silly vanity of such a man as -H. Dan-
lEi,.'" There would be nothing new in
the scene; because there is nothing
new in the depravities that occasion it.
The outlines of the dupe are well liii
otfin Colley Gibber's comedy of the Pro-
voked Husband. The principal difi'er-
ence isj that Sir Francis Wronghcad
has less malice than this "H. Daniel;"
in the (jualily ofjiolilical knave and
fool, he is about bis equal. And "H.
Damf.i/' being thoiouglily convinced,
that the days of the present administra-
tion '■'lire nuinbrrcfl, and rcpiUij dratving
to a chsc,'^ may as naturally look to the
great men of the south, with ^'■ihiir gm-
rrositif nnri goorl feeling fur Kentucky" io
gel a jilacc, as Sir Francis did, to tlu
minister. The-sceue is worth reading,
and I Iherclore conclude (bis article
with il.

Enter Manlt, meeting Sir Tuaxcis V\'no>G

BEAD,

Man. Sir Francis, your servant.

SirF. Cousin Manly!

Mnn. I am come (o sec how the f im-
ily goes on here.

Sir F. Troth, all busy as bees! I
have been upon the wing ever since t!
o'clock lbi« morning.

fONCRESS.HAN DAl^EL.

Zli

Man. By your early hour, then, li Sir F. Icod, I shot him flying cousin!
su|)()osc you havi: been making your sonic of" } our haw'l-witted ones, naw,
Court to some of ihc great men. would ha'hummcd and hawed, and

Sir F. Why, faith you have hit it,] dangled a month or two after him, be-
sir! — 1 was advised to lose no time ; so I fore they durst open their moutlis about
I e'en went straight forward to one i a place, and may hap not ha'got it at
great man, I had never seen in my life [ last neitlier.
before. | Mm. Oh, I'm glad you're so sure

.Mail. Riglit ! that was doing busi- ', on't —
ncss, hut who iiad you got to introduce' Sir F. You shall hear, cousin — '-Sir
you? I Francis," says n\\ lord, "pray what sort

S/V F. AVhy, nobody — I remember 1 1 of a pla. e may you ha' turned your
fiad heard a wise man say — my son, be | thoughts upon'?'' — "iMy lord," says I,
bokl — so. troth, I introduced myself. | "brggars mn-tnot lie choosers; huton-

M<ii(. /Vs how, pray? : ly a place," savs I, "about a thousand

Sir F. AViiy, thus— Lx)okye-- 'Please a year, will lie w ell enough to be doing

your lordship," says 1, '•! am Sir Fran-
cis VVroiighead, of Bumper-hall, and

witli till aonutiiing better falls in"' — for
I thought it would not look well to

member of Parliament, for the borough ' stond hagtiling with him at first.
ot Giizzle-down." — "Sir, your humble i J\In». No, no, your business wa& to
servuii.," says my lord,"tlio"f I have not ' get footing any way.
the honor to kno'.v your por-o- , 1 have ' Srr F. Right! there's it! ay, cousin,
heard you are a vor, I'.oiiest gentle- I seetou know the world,
man, and I am glad your borough has! Man. Yes, yes, one sees more of it
made choice of so worthy a re presen- every day — VV^ell, hut what said my
tativc; and so," says he, "Sir Francis, I lord to all this?

have you any semce to command me?" Sir F. "Sir Francis," says he, "I
Naw, cousin, those last words, you may shall bo glad to serve yon, any way that
be sure gave me no small encourage- 1 lies ii> my power;" so he gave me n
ment. A. id tho'f I know, sir,, you have ' s(|uceze by the hacd, as much as to >ay,
no extraordinary opinion of my par!s,j give yourself no trouble — I'll do youi
ye;, 1 believe, you won't say 1 missed | business; with that he turned hinri
it now. I abawt to somebody, with a coloured

Muti. Well, 1 hope I shall have no | ribbon across here, that looked in my
cause.

Sir F. So when I found him 30 court-
eous— "My lord," says 1, "1 did not
thihk to ha' troubled jour lordship with

thoughts, as if became for a place too.
Mm. Ha! so upon tlicse hopes, you
are to m.ike your fortune?

Sir F. Why, do you think there'.'
business upon my first visit; but, since i any doubt, sir?
your lordsliip is pleased- not to stand [ Maiu Oh, no, 1' have not the least
upon ceremony, — why truly," says I, 'doubt about it — for, just as you havf.-
■•J think naw is as good as another] done, I made my fortune ten years ago.
time." [ .S(V F. Why, 1 never knew jou had

Man. Right! there you pushed him , a place, cou.-in."

home. I .Viju. Nor I neither, upon my faith.

Sir F. Ay. ay, I had a mind to let cousin. But you perhaps, may have

him sec that I was none of \ our mealy- belter Ibrlune; <()r 1 suppose my lord

mouthed ones. has heard of what importance yon

Man. Very good. were in the debate to day — Vou have

Sir F. "So, in ?horl my lord," saysl, been since down at the house I pre-

••I have a good estate— but— a— Its a lit- i sumc?

lie awl at elbows; and, as 1 desire to I Sir F. Oh, yc*; I would not neglect
serve my king, as well as my country,' the house for ever so much.
I shall be very willing to accept of a i Mm. Well; aud |)ray what have
place at court. they done there?

Man. So, this was making short i Sir F. Why, froth, I can't well tell
■vorkon'l, I you wliat tbey have done; but I Ciui

272

CONGRESSMAN DAMEL — GEN. JACKSON'S VERACITY.

tell vou what 1 Jid: .ind I think pretty |iiig the charge as made at Gen. J..ck

well' in the main; only I happened to
make a little mistake at last, indeed.

Man. How wa!^ that?

Sir F. Whv. th( V were all got there

son's own hoii>e. before all his compa-
ny. It is as loUows:

oirr. r.in.i... . ..v.^-.. j,-- «* Eailv ia January, 1 82 1, f membci

into a sort oi" puzzling debate, about of Congress of high respectability,
the good of the nation — ind 1 were; visited me one morning, and ob:-erved
alwaysfortnat you know — but in short,! that he had a eommunitation he was
the arguments were so long winded , desirous to make to me; that he was in-
on boih sides, that, wamids! I did not formed there was a great intrigue
well understand "um; haw-^omever, I going on, and thought it was right I
was co.ivinced. and so resolved to vole I should be informed of it ; that he camt
right, according to my conscience — so, 'as a friend, and, hi me receive the
wnen they come to put the ()uestion as' communication as 1 might, the friendly
ihcy call it — 1 don"l know how it "twas motives through which it wa- made.
— but [ doubt I cried, ay! when I |,e hoped, would prevent any change
should ha' cried no! of friendship or feeling with regard to

Man. Hjw came that about? him. To wliieh 1 replied, from his

Sir F. Why, by a mistake, as I tell ;ii<ih standing as a gentleman and a
you — for there was a gocd-liumor< d , nicmber of Congress, and from hi?
SOI t of a gentleman, one Mr. Tother-, ui,iforni friendly and gentlemanly con-
-I.'. ! thiT.kthey call '.im, ihat sat next j duct towards myself, I could not sup

I - ^oon as 1 h:K! cried, ay! give me I pose he would make any communica-
a " Miy shake ij) the hand, — '"Sir," I tion to me, which he supposed was im-

g!^i o' the wrong side the po?t — for I
wcrii told, afterwards 1 should have
staid where 1 v. as.

Min. And so if yoU had not quite
made vour foitunc before, you have
chnclu'd It now! — Ah. ihou head of the
Wron-^hcads! {Aside.)

GEN. JACKSDN'S VEUACITY.

ia\s he, "you are a man of honor, and ! pmpcr, therefore, his motives being
a \rue E!if,'lishman! and I should be pure, let me think as I might of the
gi 1.1 to be better nc >^uainted with veu," j commu.ication, my feclii.gs towards
aijd so with th:ii takes me by the sleeve,! him would remain unaltered. The
aJ. rig with tiie crowd, into the lobby— i gentleman proceeded: He said he iiad
^ l\new nought — l)ut odds flesh! I been informed by the friends of Mr.

Clay, that the friends of Mr. Adams
had made overtures to them, saurg,
if Mr. Clav and his friOnds. w ould ui.ite
in aid of the election of Mr. Adams,
Mr. Clav slnnild l)e Secretary of Scale:
that Ihe'friends of Mr. Adams were ur
ging as a reason to induce ihe friends
of iVIr. Clay to accede to their proposi-
tion, that if I was elected Pnsident.
i\lr. Adams would be continued Sccre-

— - tary of State, (inucndo. there would

Thai the slanderous charge against I be no room tor Kentucky.) That the
air. Ail'.i-^ • "' ^I.-. Clay, of a corrupt I friends of Mr. Clay stated, the West
. I with Gen. .Jackson, did not wish to separate from lln
■ longer admits of a Wesl. and if I would say, or permit
.eniu-less important, any of mv confidential friends to say.
is ui>on this subject, ; (hat in case I was elected President.
a,„,,.,w 1 before the puMic in Mr. Adams shouhl not be continueu

a conden^eil (ornu and in their prop- Secretary of Stale, by a conipleu
er order, that the reador may bo al)le.lunion of Mr. Clay and his friend;.
w.'h liltlc labour, to compreheiiJ the j they would put an end to the Presiden-
wmle c:i'i.>. This is here done, and ' tial' contest in one hour: and lie av:is of
ev< rv ho:i.-t man i? requested to read! opinion it was right (o light such in-
tlieni carefully and then form his own trigu<'rs with their own weapons. To
opinio,!. {which, in su!)blance 1 iepltcd. that in

First, we give an exlrarl from the fa- j politics, as in every tiling else, my
i»ous letter uj Carter Beverly, specify-, guide was principle, and contrary to

bargain
himself
doubt,
thai th'
ahniild

GEN. JACKSON'S VERACI'ri%

2T3

the expressed and unbiassed v/ill o( f of this matter was at m^ own house and
(lie people, or llii-ir ronstitiilcd agei\ts, 'jirisidc, irhac sureli/ o freeman may be
I never would step into tlie presiden- {permitted to speak on public topics viilhoid
tial chair, and requested liim to say to \h(Tcing ascribed tv him improper desimis.
Mr. Clay and his friends, (for 1 did sup- 7 have 7wl gone into the highways and
pose he came from Mr. Clay, altliough Uhe market places to proclnim my opin-
he used the terms Mr. Clays friends.) I ions, anil in this I feel that I have differed
tliat before I would reach the Presidcn- from some, aha, even at public dinner ta-

tial chair by such means of bargain
and corruption, I would see the earth
npen and swallow both Mr. Clay and
his friends, and myself witii liim. If
thev had not confidence in me to be-

bles, have not scrupled to consider me as a
legitimate subject of a speech, and the en-
tertainment of the company. And yet
for this, who has heard me complain.
No one. Trusting to the justice of an

lievc if I was elected, that I would , intelligent people, I have been content
call to my aid in the cabinet, men of to rely for security on their decision,

the first virtue, talents, and integrity,

against the countless assaults and slan-

not to vote f')r me. The second day ders which are sought so repeatedly to
after this communication and reply, it : be palmed upon them, without seeking
wa- announced in the newspapers that I to present myself in my own defence;
Mr. Clay had come out openly and | and still less, to become the " respon*-

Clay or any

avowedly in favor of Mr. Adams. It
may be proper to observe, that in the
supposition that Mr. Clay was privy to
the proposition stated, I may have done
injustice to him; if so, the gentleman
informing me can explain."'

Mr. Clay, having in a pul)lir ad-
dress, denied that this allegation was
founded in truth, Gen. Jackson, on the
ISthof July, also published an address,
in which lie named Mr. James Buchan-
an, as the member of Congress, who
made to him tiie proposition of bar-
gain. That address contains this par-
agraph:

" One further remark and 1 am done,
with a hope that, on this subject, I may

lot be under the necessity of again ap-

(iraring in the newspapers. In sating

what 1 have, all the circumstances con-

-idoied, i have felt it was due to myself] I introduced the subject. I told him I

and to the public. My wish would \ wished to ask him a. question in rela-

lave been to avoid having any thing to] tion to the Presidential election: that I

siblc accuser" of Mr.
other person."

Gen. Jackson having made Mr. Bu-
chanan the author of his charge, that
gentleman appeared before the public.
His version of the conversation uid
NOT correspond with that given by the
General. The reader shall judge for
himself. Mr. Buchanan says:

"A abort time after this conversation,
on the 30th December, 1824,(1 am en-
abled to fix the time not only from my
own recolleelion, but from letters
which I wrote on that day, on the day
i follotring, and on the 2d January, 1 825)
I called upon General Jackson. After
the company had left him by which I
found him surrounded, he asked me to
take a walk with him; and whilst we
were walking together upin the street,

^ay or to do in this matter, from an ap-
prehension well conceived, that per-
sons will not be wanting who mav

knew he was unwilling to converse
upon the subject: that therefore, if he
deemed the question improper, lie

charge whatever is done to a desire to 'might refuse to give it an answer. —
affect others and benefit myself. My | That my only motive in asking it, was
own feelings, though, are of higher im- i friendsltip for him, and 1 trusted he
portance and value to me, than the i would excuse me for tiui> introducing
opinion of those who impose censure a subject about which I knew he wish-
where it is believed not to be deserved, ed to be silent.

I have been actuated by no sudi de-' "His reply was coiaplimcntary to
sign, nor governed by any such con- myself, and accompanied with a re
sid'^rations. 77'/r origin, the Ijeginningl q\iest ihat 1 sbould jprnceed. I (bcu

it*

UFJi. JACKSOSi'S VERACITV.

staU d lo liim that there was a rt'iiorl
in circulation that he li:id dettrinined
h< woM a|)i)oiiil Mr. Adam^ Setri'tar)
of State, in cate lie were <"lccted Pies-
ideiit; and that 1 wi.-lied to aseertain
from him, whether he liad ever inti-
mated such au intei tion. Tiiat he
niii=l :it once perceive how injuriou.- solely as his fiicnd upon my individuiil

pressly denies ac^ln^ in the cliaractei
of a friend of Mr. Clay, or approaching
Gen. Jackson as coininu; fioin Mr.
Clay's friends. Tliis is his language:

" I called upon General Jackson on
the occasion whic'i I have mentioned,

respoiisiliilily, and nut as the agent ol
Mr. Clay or any other person. I never
have been a political fricnil oi I\lr.
Clay since he became a candiilate lor
the oflice of President, as you very well
know. Until I saw General Jackson's
letter to Mr. Beverley of the 5th ult.
a!;d at the same time was informed by
a letter from the editor of the United
States Telegraph, that I was the per-
son to whom he alhided, the concep-
lioD never once entered my mind, that
he deemed me to have been the agent
of Mr. Clay, or of his friends, or tiiat
I had interided to propose to liim terms
of any kind from ibeni, or tiial he could
have supposed me to be capable of
expressing the 'opinion that it was
right to (iglit such intriguers with their
own weapons."

Thus it nppcan:, that Genernl Jack-
son had no authority for making tlic
assertion which he did make, against
the character of Mr. Clay. In liis
nublic address he attempted to pal-
liate that slander, hv al!?sritg. that
"THE ORIGIN, THE BEGINNING*'
init al his OT-n ho'isr anri firfsi'k, and l)y
assertine; that he had not i,'one " INTO
THE HIGHWAYS AND MARKET
PLACES TO PROCLAIM HIS OPIN-
IONS."' That these vaunting decla-
rations were untrue is now retidered
positively certain, by the testimony of
numerous individuals. This testimony
has been recently made public, by Mr.
Clav, and we give tiie maferial parts of
it, as slated by each witness.

Mr. William Sanii'ie, a respectable
the ortices of Govemmeut wit'i the citizen of Washington county, Peiui-
men whom at the liini' be belic-ved to sylvania, states as follows:
be the ablest and best in the country."

« On Tuesday, the 23d day of March,
Here is no account of the pomi)ons! 1805, when Gen. Jackson was on bis
message to be borne to Mr. Clay. :i- way from Washington city, to his nsi-
boal"/;,j)Wf;i'a nnrl rfirruplinn,"' and "ilii :den(ein Tennessee, he, witi) a mnnber
eartli't npcniii^' lo svnlli^ fmlli Mr. C/"7 <>f the citi2<'ns of ^\'ashi'•gloll. PcnnsU-
(uid /i/.vwc//." And Mr. Buchanan ex- vania, and of the county, were in the

to his election such a report might be:
that no doubt there were several able
and ambitious men in the country,
among whotn I thought Mr. Cl:;y might
be included, who were aspiring to that
office: and if it were believed he b.ad
already drtermined to appoint his chiif
conipciihr, it might have a most uahap-
py ellect upon their exertions, and
those of iheir friends. That unless he
had so determined, I tbougltt this re-
port should be promptly contradicted
under his own authority.

" I mentioned, that it had already
probably clone liini some injury, and
proceeded to relate to him the sub-
stance of the conversation which I had
held with Mr. Markley. I do not re-
member whether I mentioned his name,
or jnerely described him as a friend of
Mr. Clay.

'■ After 1 had finished, the (IJeneral
declared lie had not the least objection
to antwer my (luestion; that hethough'
well of ]\lr. Adams, but had never said
orintiimited that he woidd,or would not
appoint him Secretary of State. Th.it
those things were secrets he would
keep to himself— he would conceal
them from the very hairs of his head.
That if he helieved his right hand
then knew what his left would do on
the subject of appoiiilments to office,
he would cut it olf and cast it into the
tire. That if he should ever be elect-
ed President, it would be witiiout so-
licitation and without intrigue on his
part — that he would then go into ollice
perfectly free and u'ttranimelled, a-id
would be left at pt-rlect liijerly to till

GFN. JACKSON'S VERACITY.

275

p'i!ilic lioii-e of Mr. Cianilicr--, in ll)(
ti'.w.i of West Alexaiuli-|:i. Mr. lOdwarcl
AJfGlaiii;l.li,i, a cilizi'n of D^Micgal
towasliip, V\ as.!iirigton counfy, Peiwi-
syivar.ia, called at the public house
for the special purpose of seci'it; Gun.
Jack;o;i. Mr. E. M('T>au^hliii was in-
troduced 10 the Gciioral; and after llic
commoii salutation of .-ihakiiiij hands.
Mi. iMcLaughliii said, "Well General,
we did all we could for you hcie, hut
the rascals at Washington cheated you
out of it." To this expression, Gen.
Jackson made tlie following reply: —
•'ladced my old friend, then; wn&chenl-
iii^, and comiplion, and hribenj too. —
The Editors of tiie National Intelli-
gencer were briLi'd lo suppress the pul)-
lieation of honest Gcoruie Kremers
letter."

Tile Rev. Andrew W} l< v» Frosident
of JelTerso.'i ("ollege, and a highly re-
jpeclal)le clergyman of the Preshy-
terian cliureh, slates a conversation
with Gen. Jackson, on his return fiom
Congress, in March, 1826, of which the
subjoined is a part, himself described
^s A., and Gen. Jackson as 13.

•'A. It is more houoralde, however,
G(?(ici'al, to lose than to win in sucii a
co'itest, as that lately concluded at (he
Fe-Jeral City, if, indeed, things were
managed as lias been reported.

B. And who can doubt it?

A. Why, Gen. one would hardly sup-
pose, that such men as J. Q. Adams and
H. Clay, would in the face of the na-
tion, engag-_ in sucli a transaction.

B. But let any man in his senses,
take a view of (he circumstances — let
him compare, for instance, the predic-
tion of honest George Krcmer with its
accomplishment.

A. LJut, were not the talents and lo-
cal situation of Mr. Clay sufticicnt to
ju-tifv liic conlidenl expectation of his
appointment? There is, however,
another circumstance, wliich, if true,
will settle the point.

B. What is that?

A. The proposition that is said to
have been made to you — was that a
fact?

B. Yes, sir, such a |>ropo?i(ion was
made, f said to the b( arer — Go, tell

Mr. Clay, tell Mr. A.lams, thai if 1 go
into lliat chair, I go with cl<!an hai:ds
and a pure heart, and that I'd ratlim'
see //i«»i,togeliier with myself, ongiilpli-
ed to the earth's centre, than to com-
pass it by such means. The very next
day, (or shortly after, wliich of the ex-
pressions it is not now rccolleeted) Mr.
Clay and his friends declared for Mr.
Adams."

Jolm Keel, of Bowling Green Ken-
tucky, slates as follows:

"1 was present at the Washington
Hall, on the evening after Gcii. Jack-
son's arrival there, when on liis way
from Washington, in 182.5; and iie:.rd
him conversing freely respecting Mr.
Adams Mr. Clay, and the Presidential
election, in which conveisation I heard
Geii. Jackson say, thai he would not
have the ofticc of President of the U.
States, if he had to obtain it by bar-
gain, corruption, and inti'igue, as Mr.
Adams had done. This was the lirst
time 1 had ever heard the celebrated
bargain and intrigue mentioned, which
has since made so much noise throunli-
out the United States."

Mr. Culhbert T. Jones of the same
place, confirms this statement:

"I think it was some time in the
month of April, 1825, that Gen. Jack-
son on his return from the city with his
family, put up at the IVashington Hall
Tavern, in this place, and remained
until the next day after breakfast. In
the course of the afternoon of the day
of his arrival, many citizens of Ibis
place called to sc'C him; I then lived at
the Wasbinglon Hall Tavern. He ap-
peared to converse freely wilh the
company who were there, on the sub- •
jccl of the Presidential election. I
heard him r»>peatedly s|)ealJng of Mr.
Adams and l\Ir. Cl.'iy; and in speaking
ofllie Presidential election, 1 under-
stood him to sav, that propositions had
been made to him (Gen. Jackson) either
liy or through the friends of Mr. Clay
— I do noi now distipclly recollect
whether it was bv Mr. Clay's friends,
or throug!' Mr. Cla\'s friend'. — that if
he. Gen. Jackson, would say he would

370

GEN. JACKSON'S VERACITY.

make Mr. Clay Secretary of State, iliai i Gen. Jackson was returning home in
Wr. Clay and his friends would vote for i the spring after the Presidential clcc-
bim, and that they woald settle the |tioii took place in the House of Repre-
Presidential election in one hour, and I scntatives. he saw him at a tavern in
furt'ier understood Gen. Jackson, that i the mouritains, and heard him say. that
he told the messenger, that he might j Mr. Adams and Mr. Clay had obtained
go back and tell Mr. Clay, that he [ their otfices by //urg'cu'n ««</ com/p//o»i."'
would rather see the earth open and i

swallow botti himself, Mr. Clay, and ! Last summer when Mr. Clay's pub-
their fi'iends, up together, than it sliojld ; lication, denying the allegations of
be said he got into the Presidential ] Gen. Jackson's letter to Carter Bever-
chair by bargain or intrigue, on his \ ly, first appeared, the Jacksonian? of
part. This is substantially what I Cincinnati expressed the greatest con-
heard the General say, though it may 'lidence, that the General would make
not be the precise words he used, it good his charge. Thomas Henderson.

esq., one of the Jackson committee of

correspondence, declared, that Gen.

Jackson had made the same statement,

J. U. Warring, of Franlcfort, Ken- in his hearing, at that place, in March,

substantiality conveys wiiat he said to
the company on that point

tucky, speaking of the conversations at 1825, when on his return from Wash-
Bowling Green, in April, 1825, says in ington.

a letter to Mr. Clay:

'•I was present at one of those con-
versations, when the General observed,
in speaking of the late election, that
'• The people had been cheated.''' " That
the corruptions and intrigues al IVashitig-
ton, had dcfealid the •till of the people, in
the election oflhrir Presiilenl.'' I waited

I From the fiicts here stated, it ap-
I pears that Gen. Jackson, on his road
from Washington to Nashville, in
March. 1825, was in the habit of pro-
mulgating this slander, in almost every
place where he drew a company of
those he considered his friends, around
him.

1. In the mountains, at a tavern, in
until this branch of the conversation ] the presence of Mr. Noble, he asserted
was closed, and finding no palliative, , tliat, 'v'Ur. .A/'ims o)k/ Jl/r. C/a^ /wrf oft-
left the company, v;liicii was large, and ] lained their office bi/ bargain and cornip-

composed of gcntlcnKn and ladies of
the first respectability, and at a public
tavern; several followed, and his re-

tion. '

2. At AVashington Pennsylvania, he
declared to Mr. Wvlic, that ".?w/i n

marks were the subjjct of street con- proposition uas made." and repeated hi?
vcrsation, in which 1 remarked that, as ' vaunting reply.

highly as 1 was disposed to think of the
General, particularly for his military
success, I could not approve of such a
course — that if corruption existed, and
that known to him, he surely should not
have been the first to greet Mr. Adams
upon iiis elevation; and thai il'you had
p.irlicipated. it was his duty to have
ex])osed it, when your nomination was
before the Senate." ,

In addition to these statements, we [
givo that of Mr. Joseph T. Noble, a]

supjiorler of Gen. Jackson, and u citi-' ciice of a large company,
zeii of Guernsey county, Ohio

"Mr. J.)seph 'J'. Noble,
friend of the General, residing in this j length found it necessary to repel it.
place, has frequently statqd. that when' and call for proof. Then Gen. Jack-

At West Alexandria, in a tavern,
he proclaimed, '■•there tuas cheating, cor-
ntption, and bribery loo."

4. At Cincinnati, he made declara-
tions to the same etTect.

5. At Washitigton Hall Tavern in
Bowling Green, he reiterated tlu,
charge nt different times, and in the
hearing of differ'-nt persons, as is prov-
ed by the declaration of three ditlcrent
individuals.

In March, 1 827, he repeated the ac-
cusation, at his own table, in the prcs-

By thus commencing and continuing
the charge, Gen. Jackson gave it so
a warm! much credence, that .Mr. Clay, al

GEN. JACKSON'S VERACITV— ATTACK ON SAMCEL JACKSON. .271

son, as if for the fii-st time conscious of^ talviit?, and chivalrous magnanimity,
the temerity and injuriiicc of his con-| lliough ignorant of llie alliiirs of ^ov-
duct, began to equivocate, and at-| cnimont, and but a novice in literary
tempted to palliate his conduct. Andj allainments, there would be SDnu'apol-
like all weak, malicious, and tattling] 0£;y for the man worship bestowed iipon
slanderers, his lirst resort was a depar-| him. But when we fuid him besei by
ture from the truth. He sa\s. by wa\ ! most of ihe unholy passions, and in-
of apolo<jv, ''THE ORHil.N, THE dukinsj nian\ of the most odious vices
BFXJINNLXG OF THIS .MATTF.R.| that deform humanily, it is an occasion
WAS AT -MV OWN FIUH-SIDK." for dressing ourselves in sackclolh and
•• 1 H A VK NOT CONE IN JO THE i ashes, to see our countrymen run after
HIGHU AVS AND .MARKET FLA- j him. and insist to confer upon him Ihe
CES TO PROCLAIM MY OPIN- highest possible distinction. His
IONS."' He had '-PROCLAIMED" warmest eulogists are defied to make a

plausible excuyc, for his departure
fi'oni veracity, as establi.-lied b\ (lie
documents submitted in this article.

his OPINIONS," he had reitcralid the
acrusaijon fiom the mountains in Penn-
sylvania, at divers places, (o the Green
river in Kentucky, and yet he made
the apolo.::etica! declaration here ci-
ted. VVas ever a slanderer detected
in a more contemptible falsehood? .

A „^„ , • , 1 , ATTACK ON SAJIX'EI, JACKSON.

A man ma> disseminate a slaruler

in the belief it is true. The Stronglv There arc none, amongst the supporters of
excited feelings, and irritatiil'^ disap- C.euerulJackson for the IVsidency, who have
pointmcnt of Gen. Jacksoii, mav have ''"'"■ '"'" more mi^chicl, th.iu certain busy spir-
discolored every thing in his judgment, 'l* herein Cincinnati. Throuih their olTicious
He might believe there was a bar- '*S«^"'=J '"*'^'''.«''"""5 have been coerced which
gain, and therefore, asserted it. So r"*™ '■'^'"'"''' '"''""'"J ""'""'"'n^t'lj f>^r the

far, some apology might be made for | G''"""! hnnsell. and lor those who have been

his sense of veracity. His own ac- \

count of the reply made to the alhged
proposition, charity might attril)ute to
the hyperbole of an heated and exas-
perated imagination, always accustom-
! to minister something to teed the
.;..viii:r"s of an inordinate vanity. But

made witni's-cs and apologists for him. It was
through the interference ol these men, that the
white- washing committee, at Nashville, at-
teuinted to white-wash his matrimonial adven-
ture, in doing which (hey luadc mauifc-t the
» hole case in its most deformed features. And,
at the same time, by (heir stippres^iious of some
facts, and discolonitions of others, brought

none of these excuses can be made fori their own integrity of assenion into strong dis-
the declaration that he had only spoke | credit. From recent pul>licali..n«, it appears
his opinions in this mailer, at bis own ' that «ome of the same ofirious gentlinifn, havo
fireside, emphatically enforced by the taken upon themselves to make entiuines with
assertion " / have not gune into the hi^h- respect to the ntiack on Samuel Jackson, and
•/? and market places to proclaim my
' aioiisP

ft is impos-ible that Gen. Jackson
:ould have forgotten how often, to
low many persoi^s, in how many pub-
ic place-, he had '■^ firorlaimtd his ojun-
om," So that in making litis dccla-
•ation no escape is left liini from the
mputation of intentional departure
rom the trulli.

1 take no plea.sure in speaking thus
f Gen. Jackson. The more he is
link in degradation, the deeper is the

have elicited answers, from two scjiaratc indivi-
duals, written nt different times and without
concert, anil publisheil also without concert, in
different p.ipcrs in this city. The facts statul
by these two white-washins witnesses, arc in
singular discord.incc with earh other.

The statement first published is that of "J.
\V. Overton." His letter is dated Mashville,
June 7, !8;8, and adrlresscd to " M. Dairtan,
tsi/r." It transmit! a copy of thereconl of the
trial, which appears to have been held before
Darid Campbell, JOH.N OVERTON, Ic .Samuel
/'oiecll, /r»9<-j.. Judges of the superior ciiurt, &c.
j In the letter, the writer says: " From tiie rec-

tain indicted on our country: the jord it mi.ht be inferred that I po^c-sed minute
iter her humiliation. Were ho in- 1 information of Uie circumstances of the case;
d, a •• militiiry chieftain" of splendid ' thj; is not the fact, for my recollection only ena-

ilo

ATTACK ON SAMUEL JACKSON.

blcr luu to sa^ thai the defendant lua.le out a
ioui;.lctf ju-tification." It woukl Wein, from
tlii=, that the writer, uoIh ilhu^uiilii'g the inter-
polated W, is the viii.eidiiUicil John Overton,
alias " Ju^e Otcrto/i," who fi4;uris at the head
of the vvliite-wa'hiiigcoiumitt.e, & who staii.lB
conspicuous as the principal ctiUfcaU man iu
the aflnir ol Robar.l? and hit Mrifc. Mr. Over-
ton thus narrates the transaction:

" Samuel Jackson thrn lived in Nnshville, on
a street now called Market-street. General
JacksoD, in the ordinary pursuit of his business,
was passinj,' Sauoiel Jackson's door, walking
with a cane which had a sword in it, not nnii-
sual even in these days, but much more so then,
vtithoiit having any cause to suspu.t that Sam.
Jackson had any intention ol ntuking an at-
tack on him. So it iffls, fiialas the Genefal pas-
jfrf t'lc door, Sam. Jacksdii, icho icas unseen, and
ulth ulany PREVIOUS l.\T IM AllON, Oirew
a lan^t rur'k at the head of Vie tJeiitral, leinc/i, if
it had stnfk him as Init/ided, from ih fict and
form, maslhareiiut anendto hisf.eislence. Up-
on this large htoiie or r..ck '.)eini.'di;charg'd with-
out effect, Sam. Jack-on instantly stooped down
to pi.k up niiother, always at hand in this city
of rork.s, and in ti.e attitude of throwing the
second stone, the (ieneral made a thrust at or
towards him, with his drawn sword, which he
hail scarcely time to extricate Iroiu his cane.
The ran* piened a liose cnat thai Sum. Jackmn
liadon,h'JT -NOT 1113 FLK:?H, which cuus-
C'l hini to drop hi"- rock an I close in with the
Geieral, who threw aw:!y the sword and cane,
and a violent .sculile ensued, which, however,
was soonVut nu en>i to by the bystanders; ail
that was rh.ne, was in an instant, cNcept the
nriiseculi >n, from which bam. Jackson, the
prosecnior, derived no credit. Kelix Grundy,
Esq. of Nashulle, was one of the counsel, and
no douht rcccllccU all the circumstances par-
ticularly."

FcIjx Grundy, who is here referred to, is Ihc
same Felix Grundy, whohasal'O made somelj-
^■ire as a eertijitale manful Gen. Jackson, in
respect to the General's accusation of perjury
against the Legislature of Tennessee. .Mr.
Grundy, as early as Hi of May, 1828, had made
lii« statement, addressed in the form of a letter
to ;^Ir. llanicl Graham, Secretary of State.

John R. Lvti.e, Ksq. of this city, upon a
recent \isit to Nashville, obtained a copy of
Mr. Grundi/'s statement, and forwarded it to
the .National Republican for publicnliou. Mr.
Gnindv states the matter thus:

necessary course of his conduct, growing out of
the violent and danrerous aitack made ouhiiu
by a man of spirit and superior bodily powers. —
On that groumi he was acquitteil by a very in-
telligent jury."

"It was proved by some of them, who were
nmlerstond to be nspectahle and impartial,
that tlie parties eommenrfd an auimatcd and
icLi-'ii eontirsatio7i in the ttrirt, in A'listnill : —
tl at the liisl per-iiniil visdenee offered by iiiher
was thai ol SaiiMul Jack-on throwing a stone,
with great violeum at (ieneral Jackson; that
while he was in the net of throwing another,
GenrraU'ieks >n dre<e a spear from his eane niul
WOUNDVDIll.M I.N IIIESIUK. The wi.ight
ol Ihe impartial listiinonv made the ;a)ovf
slate ol" the ca-i-; and I well remenihcr the
coiinsil l,.r Geiural Jaek-on put his delenee
entirely unon the eround of (he juslilJ:d)lo nij

The reader must observe that these two sto-
ries do not at all correspond in their principal
facts. Acconling to Overton's story, tlicrc was
no provinas altercation, and Gen. Jack-on had
00 •'«itt« to tvsptct Oiat .Samiul Jacks in had
any intention of making an altaek upon him.''' —
But " aa the General pas-ed the <loor,,S. Jack-
son, who WAS UNSEEN, and Kilhautany prc-
ri'cuii intimation, throe a large rock," 4;c. 1 his
statement is coninidicted by Felix Grundv,
who says, >■' the parlies commenced an animated
and inarm cunversaliun in Uie street.''' If this he
.\ndrew Jackson most have " SEEN" Sdiul
Jackson, and must have "seeV enough to
"ive " caiuf to suspecV the attack. Both the
witnesses cannot speak the truth.

Again. Overlon says "fit cane pier«<f a
loose coal lliat .'iamvel Jaekpjn hid nn,BUTj^01
HIS I'LESIi.^'' Felix Grundy say, " General
Jackson drew a SPh.JH from his cane, and
MOLWDED niM /A" THft. S/O/:."

Here is anoUicr flat contradiction. Overlon
says "the cane pierced a loose coat, niiT not
ills ri.F.sii." Grundy says General Jacksoi,
"drw a SPEAR and WOUNDED IIIM l.\
THE SIDE." According to one, a cANEonly
was us«d, no fi-esh icoimrf inflicted-, ncconlinr
to the other, a spkab was useil and a wovm
injiicled. Now what is Ihc testimony of Ihe^c
two contradictory witnesses worth ? If Overton
speak Ihe triilli, Grundy does not. If Grun.;
spe;\k the Irnth, Overlon docs not. One thin
is certain. Gen. Jackson was iridicled for ana-
sanit, with intent to kill. If Overton tells U »
truth, there never was a more unwarranted pr"
ecution: If Grundy tells the truth, there wn
good ground for investigation, and the question
of juslificalion in\olved much nicety of both
fact and law. Overton's statement is as incn
diblc as many of his rclaUons about the Robar.l;
affair; and, if he be not now in his dotage, hr
must he one of the most reckless contemners of
truth that has ever sustaine^l a decent charnc-
tcr. Grundy's statement is a consistent am!
probable one. Hut it is the statement of one
Eide only, and of the lawyer, the friend, aiiH
the partizan of that side.

These pair of sl.itemenis ore hronght "ot b)
our Cineinimti Heroitos, to settle for r>rr Ihc
Samuel Jackson case in favor of the Cliief.—
They are in fiat conlradicUon to ciieh other,
with respect to the very same transaction. Wr
a<k aiain, what is such testimony worth ! The
following cNtract, from a work of cslabli'hed
credit, may ounhlc honest people to answer tli«
.v.estion:

ATTACK ON SAJJl'EL JACKSOV.— SATAN QtlOTING SCKIPTI'RE. ^'in

'•Then said Oaaicl nnto thrm, Pot these two I demnED AT NaSHVILLE.
4£i(leone fur (Voiu another, and 1 will exniuinc \
Uifiu. Su when Ihiy were |inl asunder oiioj
from anotlier, he called one of them, and suid
unto hiiui O thou art wascn old in wickedness,
now thy sins which thon hast cuiumitted afore-
time ure come ta lii;hl. h'or thou hast pronoun-
ccil false jniljenicnt, and hast condeiunnd the
innocent, and hast let thetjuilty go free: albeit
the Lorcl '■aith, The innocent and ri^'htcous
shalt thou not slay. .Now then, if thou hast
seen her, tell mc. Under what tree thou sawesi

theiu accoin|janyirnr toijcther.' /J ho answered,] jroil picket-* beli»W.

Under the .uastick tree. Ami l)ai.i«l.a,d Very | ^..,^ wrill.ini; UPO.l tl.O points in the
well; thou ha<t hcd asiamit Ihine own head;! f' ' j-"-"v. mv,

for even now the atiRel of CJod hath received | gl'^atcst agon), the monster looked Out
the sentence ofCi'd to cut thoe in two. So he t and
put him asifle, and cooimanded them to bhn^

Thus we see
he could tdlli of general joy. while lie
felt hke a licnd. lie knew what was
ri^ht, and wiiat had softened the hearts
of others, but it: hail no inlliience ujion
himself.

I think it was Marat, who for some-
slii^ht olVence, dropped a small span-
iel tVoin hbi ciiainber window on lo ihe
While the animal

the other, and said nnto hun, O thou seed of
Chanaan,und not of Juda,heaniy hutli deceived
ttiee, and Inst hath perverted thy heart. Thus
h.ive ye dealt with Ihe dau:;hter3 of Israel, and
they lor tear accoui^iaoii'd with you: but the
danshter of Jnda would not abide yonr wick-
edness. Now therefore tell me, Uider what
trcedidst thou take them accompanyint; to^eth
er? Who answered, L'nilera holm tree. Then
snid Daniel unto him, Well ; thou ha^l al^o lied
against thine oivn hea<l : for the ani;el of God
Waiteth with the s>vor(l to cut thee in two, that

ind called to it in the most sooihing
terms. The poor thing even manifest-
ed its attachment, and a williiigness to
forgive the injury. But its brulal mas-
ter was calling to it, in mrrr mockery,
arid sutFered it to expire without the
least feeling of inquietude. This is
recorded as an instance of most exqui-
site cruell> ; hut how much shorl docs
it fall of .Jackson's cor.duct towards the
si.x militia men? Thi' gieat battle of

the war

he may destroy you. With that all the assem- 1 , • i .■ i i i / ,

bly cried out with a loud voice, and prai^d the eighth liad been (oughl-

<iiid, who saveth them that trust in him. And was ended. — nought but the sound of

they arose a-ainst the two elders, for naniel|jo^. and 'thanksgiving was to be heard,

had convicted tlieiii of false witnefs by their
own mouth.

; and yet the General, with these words-
of peace in his mouth, could find it in
• his heart to sign the warrant which sent
^' OF ins FKLLOVV -SOF.DIERS
■"iN;TI.AIELY GRAVF..S!! God
-'Oivs whether he ever lead ilii;
l-iocftedings of the court: ifhedid, he
^1 is still the greater monster; for in themr
he could not but have seen, that the

men, however guilty they might be in
point of marshal la\r, were neverthe-

SAT.4X til'OTIXG SCRIPTURE.

It will be recollected, that Gene-
Jackson charged the Kentucky tr«op!
tviti) inglorioiisly flying before tbii en
■emy on the eighth of January. After-
wards, ;i court of enquiry was held,

and the trooi)^ acwilled of cojvardice. I ['""'\",' V'j'^'"^' ' • * i i-

T,, ^ ,' '. 1 ■ .1 J I Itfs deluded bv a mistaken notion ol

1 lie General acquiesced in the acciuit- ■ . . , ?p, i i t i i

, , , . ^.,, ,', , , ,1 1 their rights, fhev had returned vol-

taJ, but still adhered to the charsie, , i , j . 'i i j - i . <.

', ., ,. ,1 . ■, untarilv to duty, and had a ridit to ex-

and gave the tollowinK as a reason whv ,. e ■ i •" rru

.. "^ , ,. 5 ^ ■ I ■ t •' pcct forgiveness, and paraon. The

the court was disposed to DC lenient: i-. ,'', ii , ;; ru

•^ General, I say, would tulk ol burying

"Thedanjer had pas=ed, and the joy attcmt- 1 and CXCUSillg all acts calculated to
ant on succe;?, had induced a feeling in kvf.hv
BREAST, (Irom. the iniluencc of which the coiirt
emild not hare bunt. rtniiil) to bury and excuse
every thiri; Ihat nii;;hl tend to lessen the gen-
eral joy, or tarnish the American character !"

On the 21st of January, 1015, the

'. ' ly day of his return to New-Orleans,

the midst of joy and festivity,

.(.ACKSON s/£,'?itY/ //le onlfr which

sitNED SIX OF HIS FELLOW

lessen the general joy, but at the same
time he could prepare the way for
mourning and lanienfatioii. There was
no joy at Mobile; there was no revel-
ry nor mirth there. A settled gloom
pervaded the soldiery, while the con-
victs exchanged wild salutations, and
put up fervent prayers to heaven, for
ilithers, mothers, and orphan children.
1 rnZENS TO AX INGLORIOUS I Let it be rcnieinbcred/():Cr"T/i.- dan-
\.\'D IGNO.MINIOUS DV.A'VWWj^Wer had passed— ihc joy nltemlant on suc-
Seven davs afterwards, he signed a|f«*, had induced a feeling in Evfrv
-similar order for the execi'tion of 1 breast to bury and excuse every tiling
^ 'TWELVE RBtwiAR soLpiEBS co^- ' iha! n>i:sht tend to Icf sen the general joy, Qi

I

■280

SATAN QrOTlNG SCRIPTURK, iC.

TARNISH THE American CHARACTER."./;:^! 1 '"- carried into full effect, four day?
Let it be remembered tl»:it tlie^e were after the promulgation of this order, ai
the word* of Gen. Jicksoii, and while i the place or post, where they ma^ be,
professing to be under their inliucnce, , under the direction of the senior officer
lie sent to their fuud nccounl, QirSIX present."
>II'>N, fji- 7W oUi(r crime, than MIS- 1
TAKING THEIR RIGHTS'.!

Tlic fact in relation to the twelve
regulars noticed in the above article,
is lully established by the subjoined ex-
tract from the General Order. What

O^Many and very great vexation'
have been encountered in the cirrula
tion of this work, especially toward
the southwest. Tiie numbers have

a thirst for blood must have been felt been forwarded a first, second, and
by General Jackson, who thus, in the third lime, aud we still receive advice?
short space of seven days, could order that they, are not received. We have
the execution of EIGHTF.EN of his, made no complaints, becau>e we know

felloKv citizens, without enquiry into
any of their cases-

that these disappointments are neces-
sarily incident to every work of the
kind.

[" Extract from the General Order, W'e make no general complaint a
datcd,'Adjutant General's Office. New gainst the Post Office, altlioiigh wo
Orleans, January 28lh, 1311, Head know that maiiy of the Post iMastcr?
Quarters, 7th Military District," on arc not very friendly to the ditTusion of
the proceedings of the 'General Court the doctrines which the work contains.
M irtial, held at Nashrille, on t!ic 19th Yet we do not suspect them of at-
October, 1314, and continued by ad- 1 tempting to restrict its circulation by
journmcnt till the 29th of November, I unfair moans. It is of considerable
loll.'] J bulk, and is distrili'Jted in great num-

'•Was also tned the following named ] bcrs. ft m'lst, we know, frequently
men, soldiers of the army of the Unl-j encumber the mail, and, occasionally,
ted State-;, severally charged \\\\'^ 'C weight of the packages have a ten-

^-oriion,"' viz: Richard Wnl!, .^t Vjcy to rub them lo pieces. So loi-.c

Regiment; Jacob Porrcgin, o ve had on hand, a supply of copies.

Regiment; both of Captain Wih, ^ | "'e laveconri.nued io se.d tliem again.
3Iarlin's company; John Jones, of the | wheie there was complaint of failure.
25th Regiment of Infantrj-; William! But our supply is nearly exhausi< d,
Myers, of C.iptain Humphreys' com- 1 and however" much wo regret it, our
pany of Artillery; Jacob King, of Cap- friends must bear the loss with us. —
tain Reed's company, said corp-:; lien- ; ^\ e request all Post Masters where

tiiey find tlie work loose in the ma'l. lo
return it to us. We may thus be ena-
bled to furnigh numbers where Ihev
fail.

janiin Harris, of the lllh Infantrv;
John Young, of the 39tli 1 ifantry; Na-
thaniel Chester, of the corps of Artil-
lery ; Drury Pdckctt, of the 2 Ith Infan-
try; Wy.itGrantl, of the 39t!i Infantry;
Joseph .Miickelroy,of tlie 24th Infantry;
■and James McBrid •, of the 2.1 Riile
Regiment; they <ever;illy pleaded Not SUBSCRIBERS. — Those subscri-
Guilty, excepi .lacob King, who plead- hers who have not paid their subscrip-
ed Guilty. The Court, after the ex- tion, are respectfully requested to re-
amination of testimony on each of the mit it. The work is put at a price
cases, and deliberation had thereon, that barely covers th(! expenses ol pa-
pronounce, on ('ach ami every one of per and printing; and we cannot 'here-
them, the sentence of '• Death liy shoot- fori', afford lo lose anv jiarl of the
ing." The M ijor General approves' su!>scri[)tion. T'le arrearage's are not
the sentence passed on the above , numerous, but tiieir discharge is ipdis-
named soldiers of the Army of the pensible to ^ final settlement with the
United States, and orders tlio same to printers.

TRUTH'S ADVOCATE

AND

illONTHI.Y ANTI-JACKSON EXPOSITOR.

CINCINNATI, OHIO, AUGUST, 1838.

[The subjoined article is copied froili the
Ohio State Journal, of December, 1825. The
reader is requested to give it an attentive pe-
rusal, and a serious consideriition. When pub-
lishc<i in 18-25, it was considered by many, to be
written in a tone entirely too Etrnng. Subse-
quent events have proved it.-> justice. The ex-
posures it uiBkiiS, ouijht now to be generally cir-
culated. They serve to show the teal char-
acter of Gen. Jackson.]

TUF. PRESIDENCY <N 1828.
The Legislature of Tennessee have
again proclaimed General Jackson a
candidate for the Presidency. The
time and the manner, are most extra-
ordinary, and lead necessarily, to the
conclusion, that both were matter of
concert between the General and his
Praetorian cohorts. The objects are
not to be mistaken; to get up an exhi-
bition in which the Gen. should figure as
the principal character; to announce
officially, that the re-election of Mr.
Adams is to be opposed; and to close
file door against all discussion, as to
M ho shall be the opposing candidate,
are plainly the three great purposes
of tlie recent farce at Murfreesboro'.
Ill this farce, the General has come
out a voluntary actor. He has him-
icif cast the torch of political discord
publicly and without reserve. His
( oiiduct and his pretetsions, arc thus,
by his own act, made proper subjects
o( animadversion. He has exposed
liimsclf to the most rigid scrutiny, and
has no right to complain of any sever-
ity of remark to which he may be sub-
jected.

There is not now, there never was,
In this nation, any man who arrogated
to himself so much as General Jack-
son; I do not recollect an instance in
history, of the same kind of preten-
sion being treated with equal forbear-
ance. He claims to be a patriot of the
sternest character, of the purest'prin-
ciple, disdaining, above all things, the
arts of the demagogue, never courting
public office, and resolute never to ac-
cept of any "situation r,r place,

F

where," in his own language, " to com-
promit any of the essentials recogni-
zed by the spirit and de^ii^n of the con-
stitution, or by the principles of our
free government, it shall constitute a
condition." Yet with all these pre-
tensions, it is certain, that no man ever
aspired to the office of President, who
has practised so much popular trick,
who has so boldly assailed not only the
spirit and design, but the very letter of
the constitution, as General Jackson.

It was his good fortune to command
an army in the late war, that rendered
a signal sen ice to the nation. Success
gave him reputation, and although he
greatly tarnished his laurels upon the
spot, his countrymen willingly forgave
him, and sought to identify his charac-
ter with their own glory. They were
indisposed to scrutinize too closely his
real pretensions, lest they should be
compelled to abandon the high esti-
mate they wished to make of him. —
Hence, animadversion wa? discounte-
nanced, and all that contributed to the
fame of General .Jackson, was taken
upon trust. When, in 1822, he was
announced by the Legislature of Ten-
nessee, a candidate for the Presidency,
no sensible man in the nation, regarded
it as any thing but a passing compli-
ment:— And wheu the nomination as-
sumed a serious character, and wasse-
riotNily presscd,good men were still wil-
ling to endure much, rather than dis-
turb the visions of a vain old man, or
expose to the world, as weak and un-
worthy, him whom they had in a spirit
of national vanity, exalted as a patriot
:.nd a hero. Thus he passed through
the election canvass in a great measure
untouched. The pamphlet of Jesse
Benton, fell dead-born from the press,
and none found any encouragement to
expose him. His advocates scrupled
not to drag before the public the indi-
vidual and domestic concerns of his
competitors, even the private charities
of Mr. Adams, administered through

S82

niE PKESIDEN'CV I?i 182«J.

thp inte.rP.^rence of his am'uible hi'ly,
were coriverted iuto ciimc.-. niid bla-
zoned lo tl)e ii.'itioii, ill the Jackson
prints, without delicacy or fe<-li. '^. —
The domesiic conctrns of General
Jackson were respected, although they
invoKed a circu'iistancc to which no
patriot, no mm of ho'iost pride, ni>
ina;i of correct and just conceptionj,
could be i'dtfiTent. In tlii;; ibrbear-
at'co, Ger;eral Jack-'in s<-em? to have

all the mild disi.ity of ibe p!iilo«opher
and patriot. He appeared in the same
character at tlic inau^;iiraiion of Mr.
Adams, and a strong impressio" was
made in his favor. Happily for the
nation, it was soon removed. He had
disclosed to a failhle>s correspondent,
the irue state of hi_- tceliugs. The-
publication of the Swartwout letter,
furnished full proof th;it his apparent
resignation, philosophy and patriotism,
fou.'d nothing hut aliment for his ownj was hollow hearted cant, aiid deep hy-
vanity. ^ jpocrist. Upon its appeanince he

He received the greatest number of| threw off the m.isk he had assumed,
electoral votes, and therefore, he con- 1 and united witli his cohorts in their cry
ceives, titat in the '■'• spirit and rfe?iVn | of corruption, and their attack upon
of th'-'cofisti:ution, and !)y the y^nnri- ' the constituiion. Hi? recent move-
ple.^ of our free ffoi-fnimenl,^^ he cuiiiltt to ments de-crve particular animadver-
Jiave heen Prc"-ident. His failure is a sion.

matter of grievous complaint. And The Legislature of Tennessee, by
hi- does not hesitate to hold out to the [joint resolution of both houses cn-
world, that wc have a President con- lered on their Journals, in all the for-
stitulionally elected, co^itrary tothe'mality of a legislative act. nominate
spirit ind de«ign of the constitution, i him a candidate for the Presidencv.
aird against the pri!iciple« of our free ; Inforinrition is given to him. and he is
government. A liigh and lofiy spiri(. ' invited to repair to the seat of govern-
a pure and liberal one, would look mcnt, tliat the imporiant public nieas-
something it the means by which his |ure may beofticialh commuiiicaied to
votes were obtained. He would ask. J him p-rsonally. in the personal presence
if they were the free will ofTering ;ot both hou?es, and his acceptance re-
of the U'dcrsfandirig, preferring iceived. He attends accordingly, with
him for his superior qualitications. — !Mrs. Jackson in his train. He if
Does he noi !<now"<hat he is indebted introduced in all the pomp of ridicu-
forthe vote uf Pennsylvania, to t'lO fed- lous parade. He is addressed by the
eralists, who support;d liim, because Speaker of both houses, in a strain of
they thought l^irn an instrument where- ifuUomc eulogy, without parallel in the
witlial thcv t.'uld do something for annals of sycophancy, and replies witii
th( mselves? Did not the iViends of a scll-complai-;:nt egotism that Bnoiia-
Mr. Crawford ui'ile with his own, to parte never assumed. There is iioth-
give liim New Jersey, to weaken Mr. ing in history to equal it, except mak-
Ad;;ms? Did henotobtain the vote of ing a Consul, by t!)e Rom;ui Senate, of
North Carolina by the aid of those the Rmpero Caligula's horse. A scene
wiio preferred i\lr. Adams, to prejudice ' somewhat siiiiilar, is thus represented
Mr. Crawford? Was not hi* union I by the inimitable Shakespeare,
with Mr. Calhoun, the price pryd for |
the vote of Siulli Laiolina? It is | Casc*. You pullet me by tlic- cloak : Woulii

I

worse than childish, to consider a vote ^".""""V^r "•'■. i, k

• i I • , 1 , . , . Bill-. .*y,C:i~ a Icll lis whi

thus ohiained. as the unbiassed voice jUav, thai Carsarivoks so sa<i!
peopl

of the people, or the candidate sup-
ported by such a variety of intriguing I "°n
manoeuvres, their favorite.

Immedi-ifcly upo!i the election ol
Mr. Adams, a virulent spirit of disron-

hat lias cliaDcrd t^
Cscsar ivoks so sad !
Casca. Why, jou were willi him, wore j ou

I should not then ask Cnsca whiit liad
Icliancpii.

C.\srA. Wliy'lhcrc wnsa crown otTorcil hiiii:
land bcini; oll'ercd him, hr put i( l>y with the
. , ..!.,, ^. , H>ark of his hn.ml, thus; and then the people fi I!

te.it was exnibited. Swartwout and |a «houtint:.

Bnu. What was thp second noise lor?
Casca. Why, for that loo.

O Hailen. pur nubile fnitum. |>ropo-ed
o coinnien<-p operation* by giving the

General a dinner. He declined it in last crv for'

Bhi;. TIfy shouted thrice — what was tho

THE PBESIDENCY tS 1828.

««3

Cas. Why, fortliilt loo.

Bru. Wns the crown offircd him thrice?

Cas. A», iiKirty, was it, and he put it b>
thrice, every tiuie gentler iluui the other; u ml
nt every pullinj; by, luine lioucst neighbours
sliouletl.

Cassius. Who offered him the crown?

Cas. Wh\, Antony.

Uru. Tell us the mnnuer of it gentle Casca.

Cas, I can .is well be h:ineed as ttll the man- '
uer of it: it was mere foolerj I did noi mark
it. I saw Mark Ant nn offer iiini a crown ; yil
"twas not a crown aeither, "tv.as one of these '
coronets; — and as I told you lie |nit it by once;
but for all that, to mv thinking, hi- would fain ;
have had it. Then he offered it t.> hiui again; '
then he put it by ai:iiu ; but to in) tbinkin;,-,
wasver\ loath to lay liis fingers off it. \iid then
he offered it a third time; he put it the third
timi b) : and 'ti 1, as he refused it, the rabbi.--
ment hooted, and clapped their chopped hands, '
and threw up their sweaty night can«, and ut- '
tered such a d>al of stintLing breath, because j
Cs-ar refnseil the crown, that it had almost cho- i
ked ' -.t-sar; forh.* swooneil and fell down. .And '
for iiiiiii' own part, I durst not l.angh, for fear of
opening my lips and receiving the bad air.

CAssits. But soft, 1 pray you; What! did
Cx-sar swoon?

Cas. He fell down in the market place, and
foamed at the month and was speechless.

Bru. 'Tis very like, he hath the falling sick-
ness.

Cassics. No Cassarhath it not ; but you r.nd
1, and honest Casca, we've the f.tllini sickness

Cas. 1 know not what you mean by that ; hut
I am sure Ca.sar fell down. If the rag-iag peo-
ple did not clap him and hiss him, according as
he pleased and disj. leased them, as they used to
do the players in the theatre, I'm no true man.
•Bru. What said he, when he came to him-
self?

Cas. Marry, before he fell down, when he '
perceived the common herd was glad he refu-
sed the cr )wn, he plucked me op^' his doublet, ,
and offered them his throat to cut-and so he fell.
When he came to himself a^'ain, he said if he,
had done or said any thing amiss, he desired
their worships to think it was his infirmitt. — i
Three or four wenohes where I stood, cried,
Alas! good sOuI! and forgave hiiu with all their j
hearts; hut there's no heed to be taken of them, i
if Ca;sar had stabbcil their mothers they would }
have done no less. !

Bri;. And after that came he thus sad away ! I

Cas. Ay.

Cassius. Did Cicero say any thing.'

Cas. Ay, he spoke Greek. i

Cassivs. To what effect? ,

Cas. Nay, an I tell you that, t'll ne'er look I
yon i'the face again. But thoic that understood
him, smiled at one another, and shook 'heir
heads; but r>r miric own part, it was Grce* to
me. F could toll you mote news too: Mar-
cellus and Flaviu-^, for puUintr scarf' off Ca;.sar's
images, are nut to silence. I'are you well —
Tliere was more foolery yet, if I could remem-
ber iLie.

In-thc Murfreesboroui;!! farre,'(here
is ■" more foolery" than I liavc yet du-
,'cr'')ed. After rospond'mg and echoiiisr
b;i(k the roar-e flattery with whirli iIr-
■'peakers had bedaubed liim, IbcGcije-

ral. a> ii lihal defoumeiit to the t-x-
iiibilio'.i, I'aiiiled in bis ivsignation of
liis seal in tlu; Sen:»tc of the United
Slates. A;id this doiiiintnl. as preg-
iia t with lolly as tlie Swartwuut let-
ter, is. liki- that letter. Inimpet.-d forth
as further evidciire "of t'l' virtue, (he
inteliigeiice, ai d tlie patrioii^rn of i!iat
valuable ciliz.-n!" A little dissection
will show how well it deserves that
character.

The General rommences by the com-
plitnentary a.s-ertioii to himself, tirat
when he was ;ippointed two >ears ai;o,
ii was " Kiiso/zciVcf/,'" ai-d take.-^ occa-
sion to gnisp another compliment, by
adding, tiiat it was " arceptp'r in con-
formity with his principle, neither to
seek or decline office. There are few-
men, who, in the same short space, and
with the same casv coididenre, could
chiim for themselves so much commen-
dation, t-joldsmith says of Garrick^

"Of praise a mere glutton, be swallowed wtiat

caii;e,
.And the iintfof a dunce, he mistook it for fame,
'I'ill his relish srown callous, almo.'t to disease,
Who pcjipered the highest, was surest to

please."

In this particular, the General seems
to have been peppered by others, and
to have peppered himself u;itil he has
lost every feelinti of modesty. I have
heard of a Senator in Co'if^ress, who
when a brother Senator on the floor,
commenced an culoi^ium upon him, at
first looki'd up, then around him, ther>
blushed, and lin;illy sunk his face upon
his desk in deep confusion. When af--
lerwjirds a-k''d what he thought of the
comnliinenis paid to him lie replied
wifii clviracteristic blt^lltM»•^^, "//tey z'T'-r
rutlii-r ihick."' But nothing is too thick
for Gi'n. Jackson.

The General proceeds — ".Awan of
the pr:ictice which had long prcvaih d,
ofselecti'ig from each extreme of "le
State a person (brthc high and respec-
table station of Senator. I fdl rrgru at
beinr; brought forward to disturb a sys-
tem whicli bad ro lo.ig prevailed; )et,
inaMnuch as ihe kgi\!alurc, jvithoiil any
knowledzf f>r understuwting on my purl,
lirni called mi- lo ihc situation, it was im-
possible to withhold my4assent; aud ac-
ronli.igU. tile appointment, was. tiio'
reluctantly accepted; not» however.

284

THE PRESIDENCV IK 1M3I».

without it being profe<^d by my friends
that a longer term of !-en-ice than one
Congress wo il'J neither b« required
nor expected.''

Til- Geaeral's memory w.os certainly
at fa alt when he wrote this paragraph.
It asserts his regret at disturbing the
system of electing one Senator in East
and one in ^Vest Tennessee; it asserts
the f'lct, that the legislature, icilhout
any knouledge or underslaruHiig on his
part, had called him to the stntionx''^ and
it asserts the proiession of his friends
that he would neither be expected nor
required to serve more than one Con-
gress. There Ls incontestible testimo-
ny that the second of thc-e assertions
is not true; and there is strong reason
to question the literal correctness of
the other two. The following corres-
pondence took place before the election
of Qeneial Jackson in 1823.

MtfRFREESBOROUGH, Sept. 20, 1823.
Dtar General — I am particularly requcsleJ,
by mui'y frieiidj uf j»iir», to enquire if you are
wiiliii; to }ie've lu the Seaate of the U. States.
The general -h here, is that you may assent
to what jour irlitnds earnestly desire, and enter
upon a service which, thout;h at war with your
individual interest, is yet une which it is hoped
you will not decline. Indeed, lookinj to the
declaration made by you to thi: coiumittoe of
tlic state of IVniisylvania, that olfice should be
neither sought for nor declined, a strong dis-
position was entertained to venture your name
for the proposed appointment witlioutini|uirine;
of you aught about it; but considering that yon
are at a convnient distance, I have thought
proper, at the de"ire oi several of the members,
to propose it in ronjidfjue to i/oit. If you shall
consent to let your name be used, it is probable
that the three !;ciil!enien who arc at present
before the leu't>luture, for the appointment, will
decline; if this however, should not be the case,
even then, although some of the members have
become pli(l;ed, and allUou^li Vie sectional divis-
ion of Fast Ttnnessce rigkta, mat/ somewhat o//c-
ra'e, still I feel authorized to say, ami entertain
no il "ibl of the tact, that you will be snnporied
b' a I irsjH mijiirity of the legislature. .4//
let leant, is a helirf that yn* i£-i7/ permit i/our
name to l/e used.

I am, with ercut respect,

Your most obedient,
ABRA.M MAURY.
GcD. Andrew Jackson.

ANSWER.

HKKM1TA..E. Sept. 21,18-23.

Dear Sir: Your Ictt' r of yesterday has

reached me, staling it to be the desire of many
members of the lejislature, that my name may
be proposed for the appointment of Senator to
Conitress. It is very true, as you remark, that I
have njt only tuid, but have, I believe, through

life acted upon the principle, that office, in a
republican government like ours, should not be
solicited, noryat when conferred, declined ;5tUI,
I would sngi^est to uiy friends, whether they
ousht not to excuse me from accepting the ap-
pointment they have propose*!. i here arc
many better qualified to meet the fatigues of the
journey than myelf, and on icAnj .'tm«», a re-
lianee/or a tiiru: to come, tcilh a prospect of be-
romlng bHteras they adeanee, tTiight be safely re-
posed: lehereas, from heall'i impaired and admn-
ring age, neither one nor the other eould be expect-
ed from me. .Knd besides, it might be Ihousht,
nay, would be said, that my slate had conferred
it upon UH, and that it had been sought for too,
by me, with a view to other objects, and for
other purpose* which are at present pending
before the nation; 1 have, therefore, earnestly
to request my friends, and beg of you, not t<
press me to an acceptance of the appoint-
ment. If appointed I culd not de. line, and yeli
in accepting it, I should do great violence to my
wishes^and to my I'eelings. The lengtli of time
1 I havf passed in public service, authorizt-s me to
make this request, which, with ray friem^s, I
trust, will be considered reasonable and proper.
With great regard, I am,

Very respectfullv yours,
ANDREW JACKSON.

Major Abram Maijrt,
Member of the House of Representatives.

These letters place it beyond all
doubt, that the General was not called
to the situation xcithoul any knozcledge
or undeislan'/in[; on his part, as he broad-
ly asserts in his letter of resignation.
In this particular he has asserted an
untruth.

Major Maury, in his letter, mentions
"the sectional divnions of East Tennessee
righls." The General sayssnotlung a-
bout them in reply. His reasons a-
against acceptance apply to his owii
gracious sell"; the rights of East Ten-
nessee form no part of them. To have
urged liieni then, might have given
them some weight; they might have
presented a more serious olijcctioii to
his election than any relating to himself.
I These, his friends could not fail to sec,
j were like Caesar putting by the crown.
I He would fain have had it: lie was
' loath to lay his finger otf it. If then, he
felt regret at disturbing the right of
East Tennessee, it is strange it was not
expressed among his other regrets. —
His failure to make this expression,
connected with the manifest untruth
already detected, casts suspicion upon
the assertion.

Tiiese letters tend to render ques-
tionable the assertion that his "friends
professed that a longer term of service

THE PRE5<M>ENCY IN 1828.

2«a

Ihan one Congress, would neither be
required or expected." Nothing of
ihis liind is here professed ; and it must
be reniemhercd, that the letters W(;re
published, to prove to the world the
manner in which General Jackson was
brought forward, and the grouiids upon
which he was elected. If this;;n)/p?,«io/i
of his friends was really made, and the
fact ■suppressed, it rellects no credit up-
on them nor upon him. Besides flii>,
the General in his letter, speaks of a
reliance upon services for a time to come,
iciih a propped of grouing better as they
udvancr, and allege*, that, owing to ill
health and nd-nnced asi', this cannot be ■
expected of him. Ail this was supi^r-j
fluou-s and idle, had his friends "//ro- '
fcssed,"' and he understood, he was to I
serve for one Congress only. |

But further; the General says, the|
service for one congress had been per- 1
formed, and he wsiS^^stil I pondering and i
in doubt zchclhrr exceptions to his resigna-
tion might not be taken.'' Exceptions
by whom? His friends had ^^professed'' |
that a longer term would not be 'vt- i
quired or expected,^' They surely could i
not except; and to whom else did the]
stern, the inflexible, the prompt, and i
fearless General Jackson feel himself
accountable lor holding or resigning
his seat? Did he fear that his enemies
might except'! Or, was the alleged pro- 1
ftssions of his friends got up for the oc- j
ration? a mere invention to grace the '
Murfreesborough farce and give him- ;
self eclat before the nation? Tliis, in I
my opinion, is the fact, and upon the evi-
dence before me, I express it williout
reserve. j

The General's ^'■pondering''' and j
■^doubts" were suddenly terminated by
the resolution of the Legislature nomi-
nating him a candidate for the Presi-
dency. He knew of but one matter ofi
great national importance likely to romf ;
before Congress; an amendment of the
Constitution, in relation to the choice !
of a Chief IMagistrale ; a subji-ct upon
which be says, ^^grrat interest uilh the
people of llic United Slates exists; and on
7chieh the security of our republican system
may depend."' He greatly doubted
whether it might not be his duty to ap-
pear in the Senate and extend his '■'fable '.

'■' toward effecting this object; but,'

the nomination made, •'doubt yielded
to certainty," and he forthwith askcJ
leave to resign.

"My nam-, he says, presented to the
fn-cmen of the U.nted Srales. for the
tir^t office known to (he Constitution, I
could not, with any thing of approba-
tion on my part, couseni either to nrge^
or to encourage a change^ which might
wear the appearance o! I>eing induced
from selfish considerations, from r de-
sire to ;pd> ance my own views."' And
again — '-As from late everts it might:
be inferred, that tl:i nrospects of your
recomniendat!i>n tould be rendered
probable, oiJy h; the people having
the choice gi^-en to them direct, abun-
dant room would beaffiirded to ascribe
any cxt rtioiis 1 might make to causes
appertaining exclusively to myself."
This mawkish affectation of delicacy, i»
just in character with Caesar, when
•'Af plucked me ope his doublet., and offer-
ed them his throat to f »/," and it is calcu-
lated only to deceive such, as upon thai
occasion, cried, "o/fls, good soulP''

Tile Geneial professes to shrink wilk
intuitive sensitiveness from a possible
imputation of urging or encouraging or
makiiig any exertions which might "arf-
vance his own views."' And at the
same time all men, with their eyes open,
must perceive that the very matter in
action, all that he is saying and all that
lie is doing are but exertions to urge, to
encourage, to " advance his can views.'"
His parade of delicacy, in the situation
where it is made, is even more ridicu-
lous than the moral cart of Philosopher
Square, when most ludicrously detect-
ed behind llie arras in i\lolly Seagiim's
apartment. The whole farce was got
up to adzeniec the Gericrars views upon
the Presidency, and to effect that ob-
ject he engaged to play his part. —
That the performance was a wretched
one, afTects his capacity not ]ih principle.

Having declared that he could i:ol
consent to urge or to encourage the
change in queition lest it miglit wear
the appearance of acting from seltish
considerations, he proceeds, in (he very
next paragrapli of his lettter to recom-
mend and urge that very change. —
"Permit me," be says, "to suggest to
you some remarks upon the proposed a-
mendment of the Conslilulion of the Uvi-

3A6

THE pnrvinENri' in isae.

ted Sl:tte.s." After making these suj^- tilt- General"* preten>'ons. [. subvert-
^e-.tio!is, he adds, "upon tliis priucijtle in repect to the ofllce oT President, the
I venture freely to accord with you in fundamental pillars of the constilu-
the contemplated change proposed loition. it is the boldest step toward coii-
the constitution: and indeed would go solidaticm that has yet been taken; lie-
farther.'" How is this palpable violation cause it is utterly impracticable upon
of professions just uttered to be account- 1 the present organization of the Govern-
ed for? Does General Jackson mean ; menl. And yet so great is the infatu-
to advance the doctrine that a candi- 1 ation with which General Jackson pur-
date lor the Presidency, occupying no • sues the office of President, he would
public station, may, without indelicacy, j attempt this measure, because it may
pursue any measures to advance his be '^iufprreiC that without it. Iiis ^'•pros-
own views, and that a public ofixctr, pals" o( success carinot be '•'• rcndend
should shrink with abhorrence from the /J/ofti/We;"" for this, at last, is the only
same course? That Andrew Jackson, intelligible reading that can be given
a private citizen in the midst of the' to (he jargon he has suggested about it.
Tennessee Legislature, may honorably ' Indeed, the General seems to cob-
do that, which Andrew Jackson a I ceive that the Presidency was his
Senator in Congress, could not honora- birthright, of which, like Essau he has
bly do in the Senate chamber of the been deprived, and that everv thing
United States. Certainly no sane man should yield before his eflbrts to regain
can attempt such a distinction: and yet it. \S\\y is a candidate to be got up
unless some suih distinction can be in 1828 to the exclusion of the present
made, General Jackson, in the samci incuml>enV? Not because there is evi-
moment of time, proclaims a principle deuce that the public good will require,
in theory and violates it in practice, i it, but that G neral Jackson may be
There is no possible method by 'elected. Why should the Constitution
which General Jackson could so elFec- be amended? That General Jacksoii
tually promote the proposed amend- may be President. A\'hy does a fair
ment as that which he has taken. His constitutional election constitute "a
nid in the Senate would, indeed, be dangerous precedent ?" Because Gei>
'yeibk." But by publicly recommend- eral Jackson was excluded. Why is
ing the amendment and casting out the the President reproached and the Sec-
suggestion that his election depends up- retary of Slate denounced? To aid
on its being made, l)e rallies in its su|)- the views of General Jacksosi. Why
port all his adherents, and puts in (Mrly does General Jackson talk about '* ror-
requisition all their means. His profes- riiptiou,'^ and sneer at ^'lonscicntiuiis anc-
aions of disinteresled'icss and delicacy, lijices,"' and *''■ prarcdaUs for the public
An contrast with his conduct, deserve igoorf.'" Because he would make the
no other character than that of rank impression that no man can act "<*«-
hypocrisy, the most common and mean- siinilioush/," and no "■prcrcdcnt fur ih
est art of the demagogue. The dis-/«(6/("(iroof/,"" can be set, unless both one
guise is but a thin one. Yet one ' and the other contribute to further his
equally gossamary has o^'teii served his views. \\\>y does General Jacksoii so
turn. He who can cheat himself and ! often repeal that he did not descend
others with the miserable sopliism that! from independent ground and degraiK
a good citizen ought not to dtclini, bull the trust reposed in him by inlriguiii.
ma V at any time irsi'^jn an oflice, mav for the ])residential chair? For tin

well be satisfied witii very ilimsv lire-
text'-, for anv conduct vNliatexer.

])urpose of casting suspicion uponotl.
and thus promoting his own prospi ■

The ])roposiiion to carry thf election of obtaining tiiat very chiiir. Thjs
of President direct to the people, com- : presidential chair is at pivsent the
itigas it does from the Lecislainiv of j alpha and omega of General Jackson*^
Tennessee, with the sanction of Gen. whole life and conduct, and yet Ih-
Jackson, must certainly startle such real', weak old man would persuade the pi
politicians and statesmen of lhecounlrv,i |)le that he never ser.h of/icc.'.'
a<« might feel disposed to countenance This article is already to long: I'-

niE PRESItoENCV IN 1828.— JACKSON AND SWARTWOUT.

IS*

there is one other view of the proceed-
ings at Murfrcesborough which I canno.
omit. Let it be conceded that upo-
account of the "dangerous precedent."'
or for other jiist cause, a respectabi'
portion of the American ])eople enter-
tained the opinion tliat Mr. Adams
ought not to be re-elected; th.at the
public good required his exclusion,
ought there not to be some consultation
between the dilFerent sections of the
country as to tije person who should be
named as a candidate in opposition?
Can there be any reasonable hope of
preventing the re-election of Mr. Adams]
if different candidates are brought out
inditferent states? There is a distin-
guished citizen, who, together with his
friends, at the recent election, gave to
General Jackson a most hearty and ef
ficient support. This gentleman's
qualifications for the office of President,
are admitted by all. His talents and
his public usefulness arc of the fii-sl
order. If public principles called for
an effort to exclude Mr. Adams, surely
men of disinterested feelings and pub-
lic spirit could liot reject the claims of
Dewitt Clinton. The Murfrecsboro'
nomination rejects them. I have no
doubt one of its objects was to cast them
into the shade to postpone them abso-
hitely to those of General Jackson. —
This alone gives character to tiie whole
transaction and to the parties concern-
ed in it. Tile public good was not
considered. To gratifv the personal
^fnbition of General Jackson was the
sole and single purpose.

WARREN.

JACKSON AND SWARTWOTJT.

Tlic lolloning letter from GencralJackson to
Samuel Swartnout of New York, with tbe com-
ment!, is tnken from the Cincinnati Gazette,
of March, 1825. The letter W!i3 writttn soon
aftfT the election of .Mr. Adam?, and 13 a docu-
ment which ought, for many reasons, to be pre-
serrcil. Nor should tbe commentaries be lost:
they arc so appropriate, and so completely il-
lustrate the spirit and meaning of the text,
that both ought to go together.

The allegation from Jackson, that he never
charged Mr. Clay with corruption, and that
he had only spoken of the matter at his ^'■oicn
,/?rc-'T>/e," canntrt be fgrgoffan. \V« contend,

that this declaration is hypdcritical and false.
We ruaintain, that the Gciietal has both di-
rectly and indirectly charged .Mr. Clay with
.(II thai has been alleged against him. and that
he was one of the FIRS i' to set tht- f.ul slander
in motion. He hawked it abiiut in steam boats
■ind in tavcins, in the country, by the way side,
and in the cities; at home and abroad, both io
speech and by letters. Unfortunately for the
General, he has furoisbed the cvwlence of his
own guilt. Out of his own mouth we convict
him:_F'or, before he denied being Mr. Clay's
accuser, hs had written the letter to Swart-
wout, which for egotism, insinuation and ui^
founded charges, has scarcely been surpa-sed
by the most profligate of the party, from that
day to this.

General Jackson's Letter,
Washington Cily, Feb. 22, 1825.
MY DEAR SIR Yesterday I received
your communication, adverting to the-
rea.sons and defence presented by Mr.
Cla) to Judge Brooke, wh^ duty and
reflection imposed upon him the neces-
sity of standing in opposition to me, be-
cause of my being, as he is pleased to
style me, ''a military chieftain."' I had
seen the letter belbrc, and when it
lirst appeared, 1 did entertain the opin-
ion that some notice of it might per-
haps, be necessary — for the reason,
that the expression seemed to convey
with it, the appearance of personalityj.
m()re than any thing else; and could
the opinion be at all entertained, thai,
it could meet the object, which was
doubtless intended, to prejudice me in
the estimation of my countrymen, I
might yet consider some notice of it
necessary — such a belief, however, I
cannot entertain, without insulting the
generous testimonial with which I have
been lionoured by ninety-nine clectore
of the people.

lam well aware, that this term "mil-
itary chieftain,"' has, for sonic time
past, been a cant phrase with Mr. Clav
and certain of his I'riends: but the vote
with which I iiave been honored Jjy th^
people, is enough to satisfy me, that
the prejudice which was thereby
sought to be produced, has availed but
little. This is sufti( ient for me — I en-
tertain a deep and heartfelt gratitude
to tujf country, for the coi fidence
whjcJlt lihc hfi^ manifested towards wf-

2SS

JArKSON & SWARTWOUT.

leavirii^ to prej'idicod minds, whatever
tliL-y can make of the epithet "inihtary
Jiiollai!.'"

It i- for ingenuity greater than mine

And if these opinions ai.d sentiments
shall entitle me to the name and char-
acter of a " military chieftain," 1 am
content so to be considered — satisfied

to conceive what idea was intended to; too, that Mr. Clay, if he pleases, shall
be coaveyed by the term. It is very | give that as a reason, to the citizens of
true, t!»at early i:i life even in the days the west, why, in his opinion, I merited
of niy bo\ iiooii, I contributed my mite ■ neither his own, nor their contidence.
to shake olfthe yoke of tvrai.ay, audi Mr. Clay has never yet risked him-
to build up the labrir >( free Govrn- self for his country. He has never
meiit. A-id when lately, our couitry I sacrificed his repose, nor made an ef-
was involved in war, bearing then the 1 fort to repel an invading foe: of course,
commission of Major General of militia i ''his conscience'" assured him, it wa<
in Tenne-isee, I made an appeal to the I altogether wrong in any other man, to
patrioLic citizens of the west, when ' lead his countrymen to battle and vic-
3000 went witli me into the field losup- tory. He who fights, and fights suc-

port her Eagles. If thi? constitute me
a "military chieflair.," 1 am one. Aid-

cessfuUy. must, according to his stand-
ard, be held up as a •• military chief-

ed bv the patrioti-m of the w-esu-rn , tain." Even Washington, could he a-
people, and an indulgent Providence, gain appear among us, might be so
it was my good fortune to protect our | considered, because he dared to be a
frontier border fr'irn the savag' s, and j virtuous and successful soldier — a cor-
successlujly to defend an important | rcct rnati, and an honest statesman. It
and vuhierable point of our Union. — is onlv when overtaken by disaster and
Our lives were risked, privations en-' defeat, that anv man is to be consider-
dured, and sacrifices made — and if Mr. cd a safe politician and a correct states-
Clay pleases, martial law declared — man.

not with any view of personal aggran
dizement, but for Ihe preservation of

Defeat, might, to be sure, have
brought with it one benefit, it might

all and every thing that was dear and ihavc enabled me to escape the notice
valiable — the honor, the safety and and animadversions of i\Ir. Clay; but
glory of our country! Does this con- j considering, that by an opposite result,
slitute the character of a " military | my country has been somewhat benc-
chieftain?"' And are all our brave n■l^■n | fitcd, I rather preler it, even with the
in war, who go forth to defend their I opprobium and censure which he seems
riglits and t!ic rights of the country, to disposed to extend towards me. To
be termed "military chieftains," and liitn tliank God. I am in no wise respon-

denounced therefor? If so, the ten
dcncv of =urii a doctrine may be, to
arrest t!ie ardour of useful and brave
men, in future times of need and peril;
with me, it will make no dilference, for
my country at war, I would aid, assist,
and defend her, let the consequenres
to mNl^elf, be wiiat they might.

I iiave, asyoi very well know, been
charged, bv some of the desisning pol-

siblc. There is a purer tribunal to
•vhich I would in prclorence refer my-
self. To the judgment of an enlighT-
ened, pntrioHc, and uncorrupled peo-
ple. To that tribunal i would rather
appeal, whence is derived whatever
of reputation either he or I may po^
sess. Bv a reference there, it will be
ascertained that I did not solicit the of-
fice of President : it was the frank and

ticians of tills country, with liking bold | flattering call of the freemen of tliis
and high-handed measures; but as they 'country, not mine, which placed ni_\
were not designed for any benefit to | name before the nation. When they
myself I should not, under similar cir-j (ailed in their colleges to make a choice,
<*uni^tanco~, i-.iV.iin from a cuurse e- 1 no one beheld me seeking tbrougii art
quailv bold. Tliat man, who. in timrs j or management, to entice any reprc-
€>f diilionlty and danger, shall halt at scntative in Congress, from a con-ci-
any course, necessary to maintain the j entions responsibility to his own, orthe
right-^, privileges, and independence of wishes of his constituents. No mid-
.l«is country, is nnsuited to nuthorilv. ' ni?ht tap' r burnt by me; no sccrc'

JACK^iN i SWAHTWOUT.

369

conclaves were held, nor cabals en-
tered into, to persuade any one to a vi-
olation of pledges given or of instruc-
tions received. B}' tne no plans were
concerted to impair the pure principles
of our republican institutions, nor to
prostrate that fundamental maxim,
whicli maintains the supremac) of the
people's will. On the coiUrnry. hav-
ing never in any manner, either be-
fore the people or Congress, inter-
fered in the slightest "degree, with
tlie question, mv conscience stands
void of offence, and will go quietly

to the rights and interests of the coun-
try; as a ninrilif, Icntperate, and con-
vincing vindication of his own charac-
ter. To this, I object nothing. It is
perfectly consistent with their admi-
ration of Mr. Kremcr, and of the pro-
ductions of Caleb Atwater. Every
class of men have their peculiar tastes,
and I have not now to learn, that the
same matter is viewed in vtrv liilfcr-
ent lights, as personal predilection or
political association, may happen to af-
fect us.

In my opinion, the letter is one

with me, regardless of the insinuations ; which exlu!)its the true character of
of tho:*e, who through management, | tiie writer. It evidences an unbound-
may seek an influence not sanctioned \ ed egotism, a peevish and fretful im-
by integrity and merit. | patience, wluch betrays a large share

Demagogues, I am persuaded, have of vexation and disappointment; and
done more injury to the cau^e of free- it indulges in a strain of insinuation,
dom, afld the rights of man, than ever| whicli is unworthy of a cultivated and
did a military chieftain, and in our] liberal mind.

country, at least in times of peace, It is no recommendation to the let-
should be much more fean^d. I have ter, that it is addressed to Samuel
seen something of this in my march , Swartwout. There is great truth in
through life; and have seen some men, | the maxim, that you may know a man
too, making the boldest professions, i by the company he keeps. And I can-
who were more influenced by selfish |not think that Samuel Swartwout is a
views and considerations, than ever; man with whom an American patriot
they were by the workings of an honest I and statesman should be found in habits
conscience. I of close intimacy.

I became a soldier for the good ofj He is the same personage who, in
mycountry:ditlicultiesmct me at every the year 1 806, carried the famous cy-
step. but 1 thank God, it was my good ! plier letter from Burr to Wilkinson,
Ibrtuiie to surmount them. land who, according to Wiflciiison's af-

TliC war over, and peace restored, I [fidavit, informed him that the New-Or-
retired to my farm to private life, i leans territory would be revolutioni-
where, but for the call I received to .zed. that there would be some seizing
the Senate of the Union, I should have 'at New Orleans; that they merely
contentedly remained. I have never 'meant to iiorrow, and would return it;
nought office or power, nor have 1 ever but that Burr and his 7000 men must
been willing to hold any post longer j equip themselves there. I repeat, it is
than! coald be useful to my country, not no recommendation of the letter, that
myself, and I trust 1 never shall. If it is addressed to a person who
these things make me one, I om a "mil- once acted as an agent in plans like
itary chieftain.'" Itheiie — and who since i:a3 rendered no

I am, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant.
■Signed) ANDREW JACKSON.
To Samuel SwarlTvout, Jthi; York.

REMARKS.

Till- supporters of General Jackson
regard the foregoing letter, as a supe-
rior production, breathing the purest Uate and public usefulness — General
patriotism, the most perfect devotioiii Jackson's correspondent, a subordinate

service to his country, by which the in-
! discretion can be obliterated,
j The letter is meant as a comment
I upon one addressed by Mr. Clay to
j Judge Brooke. How different the as-
sociation! Mr. Clay'i correspondent,
a finished scholar aud accomplished
gentlemen, an able Judge, universally
respected and licloved, for a life of pri-

290

JACKSON i S« ABTWOUT.

agent in the conspiracy of Aaron Burr! I ^^contributed his mite to shake off th yoke

Mr. Clay objected to giving J;lck!^Oll of ti/i-tiniv/, nnit buiH up the fabric of free

his vole for President, because his only government."

pretciisions were those of a military
chieftain. By thi? suggestion, tlie
great man is galled to the quitk. He
writhes in agony, and having no power
to suspend the writ of habeas corpus,
or send a military guard to seize Mr.

It is obvious, that the occasion ir
sought to make a boast of this mite of
service — as well as of the exploits of
the last war. And in making tiiis
vaunt, the General adopts the wretched
slang, which chanicterized his sup-

Clay, he writes a peevish Idler to Mi'. : porters during the recent canvais. 1
Swartwoiit, vaunting himself as stand- , had hoped, that he would never be
ing on the same ground witii \\'asliini;-| thus identified with them,
ton, and casting on Mr. Clay, a tissue i The General roundly asserts, that
of insinuation m akind of spirit which i those who have charged him with tak-
it is not necessary to define. i ing highhanded measures arc^dcsignitig

The term military chieftain, Gcue-\ politicians." Why are they so? The
ral Jackson says, has been for some i General does not pretend that the al-

time a " rani i^rufr xiilh Mr. Clay awl
certain of his friendf,''' and the Genera
adds, it reqviires greater ingenuity
than " he possesses to discoirr n-hat idea
mm inleruled to be conveyed by the term."
Is this assertion (rue? If the Genenil
does not know what idea was intended
io be conveyed, why take ortencc ?
whv carp at, or objict to the term? It

l''gation against him. of taking '■'bold
awl high-handed incisures, is uiiliju'ided
in fact: on the contrary, he admits ihal
'le did take such measures. Does it
comport witli the feelings of a mag-
i:animous, lofty, and liberal spirit, to
assert thai those wiio do not com.nend
'Itcsc " hioh-hnivleil mriisures," are *^ de-
signing pol:tician$." In tiie mouth of

is myopinioi;, that IIk; General clearly ( George Krenicr, a ^ugge-tion of that
conceives, and well knows what idea , nature is in perfect character... And
was intended to be conveyed. H>- when the General himself makes it, if
has never beendistinguished as a jurist, furnishes a strong proof, that he is of
a statesman, or a politician. He j George Kremer the worthy compeer,
knows it. He knows, that in these | The apology niade»by the Genera!
parliculai-s he is inferior to a thousand 1 for his '* hold and high-Iumded mcas-
men in the llnitetl States, who have I »rcy," is of itself a fold one. Such
never been thonglit of for President. — I measures were not taken '•icilh a viearof
He has been distinguished as the suc-i;>fr.w;w/ nggntndizement;"' '■'■they wn
cessful commander of an army. This| iu)t deigned for any benefit to himself
success has given him a character in
the country. It is upon account of

this success, that he has been brought
forward as a candidate — not by the

If a sordid ambition, or mean ava-
arice, does not actuate a man's con-
(hict, he may take ^'bold and hisih-hcind-
ed measure:," and deserve no censure.

it.lelligent and rellecling portion of the j Such is the General's doctrine. The
community, who select a man for of- | pratilicalion of revenge, the indulgcncf

of anger may be allowed. An abuse o*"
power is quite harmless, if '• persotial
aggrandizement," or bcnr/it of one-
self, do not occasion it. The Inie ty-
rant's code of ethics. But can an\

tjcc on account of his superior talents:
but by that ckiss who act upon impul-
ses of feeling and passion; who, in all
republican governments that have
heretofore existed, have coiitrilnilcd to
make a mililaryelurftain an eni|)eroror ' just andilispassionate man say that it i-

:» king. This is the true point of ihi
sarcasm. 'I'he General knows it, and
feels it; and his allectation of igno-
rance, is alike discredital'le to hisjudg-
iiM'nt an<l his veracilv.

The Giiu'ial adi-cts to suppose, that
lie is denominated a 'inililary rhiefl :in,'

adapted to the (rcedom of the Ameri
can citizen?

The General goes the whole length.
'• That man :i7io in limfs of diljirully and
danger shall hall at axv roi'Rsr. (irccs-
s'lry to maintain the riiihts, principle?.
i:id i'>dipen(lence of his coimtrv, is

'lecnuse. in th'- div^ of lys boyhood, he unsvited to autliority."' *• Holt at A^"\

JACKSON & SW A.RT WOUT.

20 i

the war w-as declared? Surely Gen,
Jackson tan know notliing o( (!tc
anxiety fell by an honorable m'fd. in
the success oCnjeusurcs upon whitl. Iiis
own credit, and his country's liO'ior
and prosperity must depend? The
mi'i'd to storm tl-.c fjarrison of Ismaei,! coward fear of death, in a base and
lie disarmed a body of his own ?ol lirrs t;rovellii:g mind, is no doubt most ex^

course!" This is. I believe, the true
kfiilimatc doctrine of the i/o/.v Alliance.
They halt at no course, they conceive
necesaary to maintain their own auihor-
it).

When the Cossar Su« arrow, dctcr-

a;id ;liove ihcm into tiie ditch. (o make
a bridge over which to march the hc-
sieffiiisi tbices to the attack. T'.iis wi^
noi halting at any course nercs^an/ to
ensure success. And tiic General's
pri ciph; can leaf" to no other result.
The man in authority, is to judge of
the ncccjisily and the mcwiii. He is to
hall al nothing, prt)vided he has no view
of '•^ pcrionnl aggrnmlizcment, or of pri-
vate benefit.'''' How admirably these
seMtimenLs do accord willi those of
Aaron Burr, and how appropriate arc
they when addressed to one of Burr's
principal agents!!!

"Mr. Clay,"" the General asserts,
"never yet rigked himself (or h\s coun-
try. He has never sacrificed his repose
nor made an effort to repel an invadinjj
foe!" Upon this theory, no man does
any thing for his country, who does not
risk his miserable carcase, by exposing
it to the shot of an enemy. Repoic
onlv can he sacril'iced upon the tented
Held. What a gross conception is this,
(ou.ided entirely upon the animal pre-
po.'dcrante in man!

Did he risk nothing in tidvocating
the declaration of war, that furnished
flic occasion in which the General dis-
tinguished himself? J)id 3]r. Clay
make no sacrifice of repose v.dicn he
stood forward in Congress, exposed to
the atticks of Qaincv, and Webster,
•ind Grosvcnor, and Hniison, of John
Randolpli and Daniel ShefTey? Wfw
there no risk in main.taining a course
of measures, condemned, nay repro-
bated by men like those! Could his
pillow be that of undisturbed ■repo.

crutiatiiig; but among men of iiigher
cast, bodily pain is much less afflicting
than mental anguish. A brave soldier
can sleep in the presence of an enemy;
i)ut for care and anxrely of mind there
is no refreshing repose. Shame on the
man who, assuming a station among
tlie statesmen and patriots- of a country,
can didiberately assert that one of the
most distinguislied, most laborious,
most Zealous of her legislators and ne-
gotiators, has never risked liimself, nor
sacrificed iiis repose for his country!

'•Even Gen. Washington, could he
appear again among us, might be con-
sidered [a military chieftain] because
he DARKD to be a virtuous and success-
ful soldier, a correct man and honest
statesman."' So 503-3 Gen. Jackson;
and his saying so, admits of no olhei
reading than this: — "I tike Washing-
ton, am called a military chieftain, be-
cause, I like Washington, daeed to be
a virtuous and successful soldier, a corrcr'
man, and an honest statesman.^''

A poet of some fame has said:

"■O/boasting more tlian of a bomb afraid,
,A soldier sliould bf modest as a maid.''

The General's notions of propriety
seem to be formed upon a very diflTci
eiit model.

In the same strain of boasting, but
in much more reprehensible spirit, tin
General thus vaunts himself:

''No one beheld me seeking, through
art or management, to entice any re
presentative in Congress from a con-
scientious responsibility to his own, or
the wishes of his constituents. No
midnight taper burnt by me; no se-

who had daily to combat the intelli-l cret conclaves were held, nor cabal?
genco, the argument, the sarcasm, of i entered into, to persuade any one to a

men whose powers, zeal and firmness,
were ahno-t uncipialled? Did Mr

violation of pledges given or instruc-
tions received. By me no plans were

Clay not risk himself for his country. 1 concerted to impair the pure princi-
when he became one of her negotiator> 1 pies of our rcpul)!ican institutions, nor
for peace, v.hcn it was made hisdulyto prostrate that, fundamental maxim

o abandon the question of impres--| wliich maintains thcsuprcinacy of the

nont, the main ground upon whirJi 'peoplc'p will.'"

302

JACKSON A. SWABTWOUT.

This tissue of =elf-panegyric, ii» e- would an honest man take by the hand
qually otFensivc for its inflated cgotissn the incendiary who had wrapt a city
aod unfounded insii.uatioo. Indeclar-j in flames — the parricide reeking with
ing ninr-elf free Irom the practices ■ the hlood of hii lather,
here elated, ^>e i'ldirertly asMJits that' Tliis demon>traUon of respect for
they were resorted to by others. — ' Mr. Adami places General Jackson in
Dots Gen. Jackson believe that Mr. a dilemnia, neither horn of which can
Clay pursu<>d the course here describ-j do him much credit. If he believes
ed I He ought to say so without peri- that Mr. Adams was made President by
phrasis. Docs lie believe that the 1 the means he has intimated, and has re-
election of Mr. Adams was effected by i warded the principal contriver with
the practices he htrre intimates? Does, his confidence and respect, his di>play
he believe that secret conclave* were , of regard wasany thing but correct. If
held? that cabals were entered into? he does not believe tliis, what shall wc
that plans were concerted to impair 'say of his veracity?
the pure principles of on -^ republicxan j When the Gen. recapitulates his miVc
institutions? Does he Relieve this, of service in the revolutionary war,when
and yet be among the first to press j he sets out his exploits in the late — his
forward and take Mr. Adams by the j leading 3000 citizens to the field to sup-
hand in the face of his assembled coun- 1 port the eagles of hi? country — his suc-
try? He cannot be less base than those i cess in protecting tlie frontier border
whom he accuses. from savages, and in defending an im-

It cannot hfc said that these prac-i portant and valuable point of the Union
tices were the work of Mr. Clay ! — when he adds to these the the risfc of

and not of Mr. Adams. Mr. Adams
takes the benefit of these cabals; of
this conspirac}-. Nay he constitutes

A/e, the privation endured, the sacrifice
made; and closes witii declaring mar-
tial law, and asks, "rfocs this coiislilulc a

the chief perpetrator his most conti-; »i(7i7«)-^ chieftaiiit" it is proper to re
dential adviser. In morals, as well ply, that if it does not, it constitute*
as inlaw, he who receives the goods nothing: Is not a citizen soldier, if he
and rewards the thief, is a principal i be a commander, a military chief'. At
culprit. I all events the services here enumera-

Gen. Jackson penned this accusation

ted do not constitute a statesman or a

on the 23d of February. Nine days politician. And if for these service^
afterwards, on the 4tli of March, in the j the presidency is to be conl'crred, it
capitol of the nalion, upoii tlie consum- j is conferred only upon the militarv
mation of IhcbC nefarious practices, chief. It would have been some tiling
the General was present, and his con- to the purpose had the General tnu-
duct is thus described: '-Gen. Jackson j merntcd his services ia the legislature,
we were pleased to observe, 7vasamonir i or in llic cabinet — in statistics, in coir-
the enrliest of ihosc u-hn took the haul mercc, in foreign ncgociations. — in pre-

of the Presi'lcntf and ihoir looks atul de-
portment towards each other, were a.
rebuke to that bilternessof party spirit
which can sec no merit in a rival, and

paring systems of revenue, or jurispru-
dence, it is in these matters a Pres-
ident shOuM be civiinent, not in leading
armico, or in raising volunteers — in or-

feel 1.0 joy in the honor of a compeii-| ganizing courts maitinl, or in declaring
tor."' martial law. In this attempt to rcpe!

If' such were his conduct, tiie Gen- 1 tiie suggestion that his only claims are
cr:il must be a conaun'niate liyiiorrite. those of a militan/ thirfia} :• . the gencr-
'r.i!;<' 113- the hand , witl^. a look of grat- 1 :il actually confesses that it is just.

If I am not uiucii mistaken, this let
tcr of the General will so operate ; i
very soon to pl^ce him where he ough'
to be. It scorns to dcvelope his real

ulaliii:i, the man who had gained the
high oliice of President, by arl,i>icn:igc-
Tucnt, cnliccmeni, sccrrl coitdavcs, cabals,
violated p/c/gw, and plans concerted In

impair Ihr pure principles nf our »f/jii&-i character, — hi. moral feelings. his piin-
'iion institii'ioiis! Take such a char- < iplcs lual his political intelligence,
actcr joyfully bv the hand! A"" snop. ia?jd il di«f loses the society wliich he

«.;E!*EBAI. JACKSON AND cm'ERSOU SHELBY.

•i'J3

prefers. U yet he has given no evi-
dence oi talent, except as a military
chieftain. He is now in a slatioii
wlieie talent of a ditfeicnt order, if he
possess it, must he displaced. He says
he has never been willing to hold ajiy
post longer than he could be useful to
his country, not to himself. Two ses
sions he has held (he post of Senator
in Congress, to what useful purpose for
the country I know not. If he contin-
ues (o hold this post for the remaining
four years, the public may be enabled
to form a better judgment than they
now can, bow well he is <|ualitieJ for a
politician and a siate^mrm. and wh fh-
er he has any other claim to distinction
than that of a ''miUlart/ chirflqin.'''

Tiiis character he now flings from
him as a reproach; and when it is 1 1-
ken away, what fame has he left? None
certainly that ever would liavc brought
him before the nation a candidate for
the Presidency. L.

ensure himself and friends a large grant
of land; stealing away from his vener-
able colleague, and j>a«siag1';c nii;ht in
(he r,u^erablc hvtsif th'- SAVAGF.^, for the
purpose of gnttii'g (horn to REFUSE
TO NEGf)Tl \'rE, unless a don -.on
was made to J-'-n-s Jaclcson; hulhi g
the venerable Shki.by in the language
of a blarkguard — a man almost old
enough to t)e his 'a; her. iv'iose hair
was vvhiie with the frosts of nearly
eigiity wint'is: — n Hero of kcm: than
Izvo wnj-j, and wlioso memory w dl only
die, if ever, with the M)erlies of cur
country. pon thi.inia-i, so venerable
and venerated, «V.ose name, whose
cge, who^o woith, who^e services,
w ' i!d have insured him hiial respect
r,M,n ci\iy hut a savage, Ciei.. Jackscn
woui i :• ivc CirMADE A VIOLENT
PEl^S^NAL ATTACK, buv K-r the
interposition of frund% Wlio thini
can vote for Gen. Jack^on without
shoAving diTisnect to :: e memory of
the Hero of Ki;.g's Mountain?

«E\. JACKSO.V & GOV. SlfELBY,

The following letters from Charles
Scott Toun, and Thomas H. Shelby,
c.Tc respectfully submitted to the con-
f sideration of all tiiose who are anxious
ro uNDERsrAND tiie true character of
the man who is a candidate for the
highest otlice in the gift of the Ameri-
can People. No man will have the
hardihood to deny the truth of tlic
'■ statement made in these letters. The
writers are men of high character and'
standing, and kearly related to thi; !
vE:,ERAiiLE SHELBY. Col. Todd gal- i
bnlly distinguished himself daring tlie
last war; he was the Aid-de-camp of
Gen. Harrison, during the whole of
the campaign in the north-west, and
possessed in an eminent degree, the
confidence and alfection of his General.
Coming as these letters do, from the
so:; and soii-m-laz-! of Gov. Shelijv,
who feel deeply interested in what
ever concerns his memory and his fame,
^vho will deny their truth? But the
ijuost.onis, iuwhata light and attitude
do they phice Gen. Jackson? A ne-
gotiator OCron the part of the United
States USING every means to effect
[I AN INTRIGUE WITH THE Indians to

for the focus.
Messrs. Editors — 1 have read in the
supplement to Mr. Clay's address, late-
ly published, a statement by Colonel
Todd, &.S to Governor Shelby's opin-
ion, in relation of General Jackson's
conduct at the Chickasaw treaty. —
This developement ef '.he " Hero's"
character is very well — but the people
have a right to know the whole history.
Would it not be well to call upon Col-
onel Todd, to give us a full account of
it. I presume he has it in his pov/er to
do so; and as some of tiie fiiends of the
Hero in my neighliourhood, affect to
entertain doubts, whether Governor
Shelby held the opinions attributed to
him; and if he did, whether Jackson
reallv acted as it is represented he did
on that occasion; I am anxious to sec
the whole truth spread before the
people.

A SUBSCRIBER.

We unite with the writer of the a-
bove, that the whole truth should ap-
pear, in relation to the f'liicka-aw
treaty; and we call upon Col. Todd,
to communicate all the information

,he has in his possession, to the public.

' It is dun not only to the public, but tr.

2»i

GENERAL JACKSON AND GOVERNOR SHELBY.

Col. Todd himself, and to the memory truest a statement in detail, on the sub-
of Governor Shelby, that the people jecU from his son T. H. Shelby, who

wa-- present at the treaty. An extract
of his answer is hereto annexed, which
not only confirms the autaenlicity o£
the opinions entertained and expre^>ed
by Governor Shelby, of Geik-ral Jack-
son, contained in my statement to Mr.
Clay, but estahlislies abundantly, ai;d
bevond the reach ol contr.idiction, tlie

should be enabled to understand the
subject, ami judge for tliemselves.

To the Editor of the Kentucky Advotnle.
Sir: — A correspondent in the "Fo-
cus,' presuming that I may be possessed
of more particular information, in rela-
tion to General Jackson's conduct at
the Chickasaw treaty, in October, I circumstances on which the opinions
1815, than is contained in the state- I were predicated: circumstances which
ment forwarded to Mr. Clav, of a con- lOirF.XHIBlT (iEN. JACKSON, ON
vernation on that subject, between him • THAT OCCASION, IN THK TWO
and Governor Shelby, has requested FOLD ATTITUDE. OF KNDF.A\"-
thc editors of that paper, in the last DURING TO EFFECT AN IN-
number, to make a call upon me for a TRIGUE WITH THE MISERABLE
further Jt,velopen>ent, sue;<;esting;, at REMNANT of the Chickasaw tribe of

the same time, that some of the friends
of General Jackson in his neiglibour-

Indians, FOR THE BENEFIT OF
HIS PERSONAL FRIENDS; and at-

bood, had aflfected to entertain doubts, ! tempting also, to play the part for
whether these opinions were held bv 1 which General Ad:iir, said in 1817.
Governor Shelby, and whether the i" NATURE HAD DESIGNED HIM.
conduct of General Jackson, was such j THAT OF THE TOWN OR TAV- ,
as it is represented to have been on jERN BULLY,'' '"wards the venerable
that occasion. The Editors have pro- SHFLB^, whose uame is the rich inher-
ceeded accordins;lv, to mike the call, itance of tiie state, and whose judg-
which, looking to (he suggestions of ment was as ounicular, as his integrity
their correspondent, they considered j nnd pat^ioti^m were unijuestioned,
to be t'je. not only to the public but IO| with all parties throughout the repub-
myself, and the memory of Governor' lie, to which he devoted a long life of
Shelby. In this state of the case, 1 do usefulness and glory!

not feel myself at liberty to resist the
application.

Under any ordinary circumstances,
{ could not have expected to encoun-
ter the insinuation contained in the

By the terms of the treaty negotia-*
ted in October, 1818, with theChicka-
saws, a reservation of some valuable
land, including the Big Spring, near to
Colbert's Ferry, on the Tennessee riv-

suggestions of this correspondent of er, was made in favor of George and
the Focus, but the present is a period Levi Coli)ert, two of the principal
of extraordinary excitement in the i chiefs, and on the very day of sigi'.ing
p'lblic mind, and exhibits numerous j the treaty, those chiefs convoyed the
instances of illiberal treatment exten- 1 reservation to Jamks Jackson, for twen-
ded lo tliosc who mav have contribu- 1 tv tlion-and dollar-. But Governor
ted, by the display of futs and argu- : Sliell)y having REFUSED lo concur
nients, to dispel the prejudice existing! in any arrangement, which permiUcd
iTi relation to Gen. Jackson's qnalifica- j the Indians to sell to private iudivid-
<ions for civil ollice. Anticipating;. ! uals, unless upon the fondilion. ;n»d
then, from the vindictive course here- with the under-standing, had with the
tofore pursued by some of the friends individuals who had made a contract
of the General towards tho'^e who have ' with the Indians for the propc.sid res-
made any dcvelopeinents prejudicial i ervation, that the Goverimenl should
to his character, that they might at- 1 have the preemptive richl. at tlie price
tempt to question, the authenticity of; stipulatetl. and the Government having
the opinions of Governor Shcll>y, in re- accepted (his condition, James Jackson
lation (o him, or (lie fart*; on which j was required to assign over to (lie L.
tho>e opinions were founded, 1 deemed | States, the beiielit of tlie arrangcmei.t
it an act of prudent caution, to re- ' which it was the purpose of the in

GENERAL JACKSON AND GOVISKrtUK siici.BY

29»

trigue al tiu' treaty jfrouml to t-flett.
The resei'vatioii to certain Iiidiu'
chief-, who, as General Jackson, hni*
previously me diOMed to Governo;
Sholi.v, "Oir WOULD HAVE TO BK
B'.UGHT OVER;"'^::0 'he undet-
standi/ig, tliat the Government should
have the pre-emptive right on a com-
pliance witli the terms of their con-
tract, which stipujaiion, the firmness
and disinterested patriotism of Gov-
ernor Shelby, required the friends of
of the General wl\o were on tlie
ground, and had negociated a private
contract with the cliiefs, predicated on
riic proposed resenaticn; together,
with the description of tiic reservation
itself, and its value, were all communi-
cated by Governor Shelby to the Presi-
dent, through a gentleman of Washing-
ton City, who was in the confidejice of
the Government, and was present at
the treaty. In conformity with this
imderstanding, James Jackson of Da-
vidson county, Tennessee, on the 15th
day of May, 1319, conveyed these res-
■ rvations to the United States, for tl>e
-uin of twenty tiiousand dollars, the
!irrci.<c consideration which he had given
To the Colberts!

SON AT THR TREATY. HAD
AUSED THEM TO GIVE DOU-
BLE THE SUM THAT A MORE
PRUDENT COURSE WOULD
HAVE RENDERED NECESSARY
IN PROCURING A RELINQUISH-
MENT OF THE INDIAN 'I'lTLE,
and he considered him to be so reso-
lutely determined to effect the purchase
that he would not have halted short of
FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND
DOLLARS TO ATTAIN THAT
OBJECT. He said one day, very em-
piialically, thai very few men knew
General Jackson's rc«/ character; that
in Iiis opinion, he might make a lery
good President for the slate of Temicssec
as he liad not mind or temper to look
beyond the wishes of her personal
friends to the promotion of the GREAT
INTERESTS OF THE NATION.

To this exposition I have only to add
my own conviction, as well as my be-
lief that such is the conviction of the
confidential friends of Governor Shelby,
and of every member of his family to
whom he communicated these circum-
stances, that, if he were now living, he
would not hesitate to make a public
declaration of his feelings, should such

I have before me, certified copies of j a measure be regarded as tending in
the deeds from the Colberts to Jack- 1 any degree to avert from his beloved

son, of 19th October, 1818, and from
iiim to the United States, of May lotli,
1819, both of them proven on the i4th
Julv, 1819, and of record in Lauder-
dale county, Alabama. They s1k)w,

country so great a calamity as the ele-
vation of General Jackson to the Presi-
dency.

The transaction which this publica-
tion will have the effect to make known

that the Government did accept the | to the considerate portion of the peo-
stipulaiion in their behalf, and that, ! pie of the United States, occurred in
but for their acceptance the rescrv.a-j the discharge of General Jacksoa's of-
)io<i would have enured to the benefit i ficial duties, and is, therefore, a fit sub-
of a friend of General Jackson, thislject of investigation by the freemen
' ■ ■ ■ whose suffrages he is now soliciting for

the highest ofiice in their gif>. He has

same Jnnu.> Jackson, who was inter-
ested in tho Land Speculations of tl>e

General, in Tennessee, lately de- , been formally nominated by the Leg-

I islature of Tennessee, and the nomina-

vclopcd by Mr. Darby and Dr. Ann-

strong, and who was associated with' tion has been as formally accepted even

Mr. Senator E-:ton and others, in cer-
tain large speculations in Florida, not

before the policy or measures of the.
])rescnt administration could be luUy

long before tlie General invaded and ' developed. The people, then, have a
conquered that province of a foreign i right and it is their duty, to inquire int(j

power, contrary both to the constitu
tion of the United States, and the ex-
press orders of the President.

Governor Shelbv often mentioned to!

his public conduct; especially on the
occasion of a solemn treaty, the negotia-
tion of which his UNWARRANTA-
BLE DEPORTMENT HAD NEAR-

mc his belief that the (Kj-CONDUCTjLY DEFEATED AND THE OB-
AND VIEWS OF GENRRU- JACK- JFCT OF WHICH WAS QJJITF

206

GENERAL JACKSOU A>I> GOVERXOR SUELAV.

AS INTERESTING TO THE CITI-
ZENS OF TENNESSEE AND KEN-
TUCKY €i3 were tliL- provisions of that
of which he so often refers in liis letter
to G. VV. Campbell as having been vio-
lated by Si!ns Diismore the l-idi;in A-
cent wliiim Hf thrL-.ire fd to "BURN

nal visit from hi« colleague by stu.licd
silence on the s-iibject. I did u...Lt-
stand by some means, that tbo General
passed the nia;-;l with Col'^ert, one of
the pri'icipal Chiefs. My father ex-
pressed to m. his suspicions that"tl;erc
was bonK-thi.ij .iOt rii^ht going on."

IN TFIE FLAMES OF HIS OWN. B.fore anwou.icil liad convened, the
HOUSE.'' j Ge.terrd informed his colleague "that

I prc.-icrii this view to the i^ublic, asj some of the principal Cliiefs were vio-
well in vindic ition of liie statement | lontly opposed lo selling land, and thai
made to .Mr. Clav su* in lhe«xcroiee of | those fellosvs would have to be boiiglit
my right, i.i.n in discharge ot ni'- duly, . over." At length a council was callrd.
;isa citiz. I of the ilepnhlic. to contri- ' \inoiig other objections made bv the
butcbyallhoiioraolc means to whatever I !ndiai:s to the Rolling of their land, it
may have a tet'dency to eiillg!ite:i ti.e wis urged by thtm "that tlic Uiiitcd
the public judgment in the impending; States were largely in arrears to their:
crisis. and until old debts were paid, they

C. S. TODD. I would not contract new ones." The

Commissioners found it necessary to

Extract of a letter iVom Thomas H. i send to Nashville for money to pay

Shelby, dated, | those claims, and thus remove the main

Grasslnnd, Ajvil 28, 18-2o. ! difficulty. In about a week the nic;-

'•My filher set out o- tiie lOt.i Sep- rengcr to Nasliville arrives — the money
tembcr, I BIG, and arrived at General; is distributod agreeably to the census
Jackson's on the loth, where he re- oi the nation taken during his absence,
maincd a f^-w days, and in company i A second couiicil is convened — Gen--

with his colleague proceeded to Nash-
ville. In a day or two wc set out for
the treaty ground, accon!]):inicd i»y
eight or ten gentlemen frlciids of (Gen-
eral Jackson, with all of wliom, (ex-
cepting Colonel Butler) my father was
'macquainted. During the jounicy
littlc was said on the subject of the

treaty. I heard the General, («n one .':>200,000

Jackfcon inquires of the chiefs.

"What do you ask for this lacd?" ^
Interpreter — "We don't know— what

will yon give?

Gen. Jackson — "We will give vfju

■S' 1 50,000.

Interpreter — "We can't lake it."
General Jackson — '•We will give yoii

lnter|)eter — No, wc cannot take it."
Gen. Jackson — "We will give vof.
5J250.000.

Interpreter — "No, no." *-.s;,'?00,000,''

r

occasion, ask my father how high he
was willing to go for tiic Indian boun-
dary. My t'atiicr replied (liat he was
prepared to go as high as S'.jOO.OOO

rather than not eircctthc purchase — j says the" Genei-al. — My fattier left th
but said ho, "General Jackson. 1 have i table and the Council broke up. — Thf
not the least idea that we shall lind itiCJcneral observed to my father in con
necessary to giv,' half (hat sum.'' Af- j ver».-!tion that the Chiefs contender
ter this conversatioa a profound silence! for the pri\ilegc of selling a larg.
was observed by (Jcneral .I.vikson ,ind ,' reservation of land to whom ihcy niigiit
the friends, accompanied lijm, on the I think proper. ]\ly father o'ojected t;-
subject of the treaty in my fatlirr's pres 'this proiiosition. lie said "they might scl!
ence. At length we arrived at tlijc j it to the king of E.igland." " The G-n.
Treaty ground, — the Indians asscm- observed, "tliat there was then a corn-
bled. My fithersoon observed grc^l pany of genllem-.-n o'l the ground that
intercourse between the Ger.l's. frit-ad- would p.iy them down their price .'s-20,-
and the Indians, of whicii he s{>oko frc-.OOO.'' My father nefuscd posilivclv
quonlly to mc. On one occasion, the | to permit the Indians to sell laml to pij-
General and apart of his suite were'vatc individuals. He contended thai
abs(;nt finm camp all night — the Gen- 1 the Government should have the o]i-
•:ral witliheli! the motive of h]^ noctur- tijn of faUing the /ee'^rvation at the

GENERAL JA.CKSON AND GOVERNOR SHELBY.

SOT

price stipulated and the General and
the Chiefs were in tlie end obliged to
to consent to it.

My father told the General tivit he
had made the Indians otFers that he
could not sinction. '•WHY GOV-
ERNOR, GOD DAMN it, DID NOT
YOU SAY THAT YOU WOULD
GIVE ,9300,000?" NO sir, I j,'ave
you no autlwrity to speak for me, I am
here to speak for myself.'''' Whv Gov-
ERiVOR, God damn my soul if yob did
NOT SAY so." 1 (lid not authorize you
to make any stich pioposition." Tlie
parties seemed on the very point of
coming to blows, when I stepped be-
tween them, laying a hand on each,
and entreated them to talk the matter
over more dispassionately. My father
told me afterwards, that it was v/ell
for the old rascal that I interfered, that
he should have knocked him twenty
feet. Not a word passed between the
commissioners untilthc next day, when
(he General broke out upon his col-
league in a strain, if possible, more?
rough and boisterous than before. I
again stept bcttveen them and called
on the friends of the General to inter-
fere. Old Maj. Smith stepped up and
observed, '"Gentlemen I am no dicta-
tor, but I will be moderator," and we
kept them apart. My father told the
General "he should leave him and go
home." Go Governor," re|ilied the
General, "Bv God, I will nwke the
treaty without you." While our
horses -were saddling, the friends of the
General urged me to use my influoKe
with my father not to go. He at length
agreed to remain. Another council
was called. The Indians demanded
the §300,000, and would treat for
nothing less — finally the treaty was
made. MY FATHER THOUGHT
THAT GEN. JACKSON'S COR-
RUPTIOjV AND FOLLY, HAD
COST THE GOVERNMENT fnnn

The more we investigate the char-
acter of Gen. Jackson, the more we
find it stained with iiKonsislet.cies and
crimes. He has iieen all his life time
a turbulent, overbearing, selfish ;md
cruel man. In the instance recorded
above, he is exhiliitetl by honest men,
as a sordid groxx'lling speculator, re-
gardless both of the interests of his
government, and the rights of his col-
league. Gov. SnEr.BY was treuied
witii rudeness, insulted and abused,
and for what purpose? Was it to ad-
vance the interests of the nation? Was
it because the Governor had propoaed
any thing derogatory to the mission?
far from it; — The venerable Shelby
saw that a plan was on foot to MAKE
MONEY out of the treaty and that
Jarkso7i was (Kr PREPARED TO
SACRIFICE THE INERF.STS OF
THE NATION, in order to accom-
plish HIS OBJECT. He set his face
against it and determined, tliat the
tventy thousand dollar speculation sJtonld
not be carried into execution. Jackson
thus foiled in his enterprise, became as
usual, outrageous ai d allusive. He
cursed, and swore, aiid raved, in a man-
ner tliat would have disgraced the most
profligate and abandoned boaiman.

It is in vain for Uie friends of Jack-
son to smooth over and hide from the
people, his innumerable acts of sor-
did avarice and violence. This is not.
the first, nor the only instance where
he has attempted to aggrandize him-
self and friends, at the expense of
honor, honesty, and good faith. He
is more certainly and shrewdly caught
in this than in some others; but his
life is a chaiu of profligacy. He has
always lived, and moved, and had his
being in scenes of mi-chief, turmoil,
bloodshed, and cruelty, and in all these*
his cupidity has been conspicuous.

It is not a little singular, that James
Jackson, the General's associate in the

«ilOO,000 (11 Sjji200,000. HIS; Duck river speculation, should have
MIND UNDERWENT no CHANGE been the s^ranlcc of the reservation, to
UPON THIS SUBJECT TO THE the two Colberts. He seems to have
DAY OF HIS DEATH. | been a convenient person for all the

1 have thus given you a detail of! General's side- way manoeuvres. Why
feet?, Tvkich cartiv under my ozmi observa- was he at the treaty? How happened
//on, you are at liberty to make what /ic to be the grantee? Where did he
use of it you may think proper. Your get twenty tiiousand dollars to pay for
'rjend. THO. H. SHELBY, 'the lani? and above all, what'wa^

11 b

•Mi»

TO TIIK PEOPl.K OF THE INITFD STAT'ES.

Ge.ieral Jackson doing night after I see tiiese United Stales l)ear a reseno-
ni-^ht with tlie two chiefs, ibr whom | hlaiire to one of those bodies bloated
the reservation was made? Tliere is j with disease, whose bulk is only a svmp-
a connection in this business, which I torn of i's wretchedness,
speaks in ihe voice of liuiiider — it can- 1 To witiio-s the punctual and vigorou^
not be mi-taken — it comes fkom thk : administration of the guveniment can-

GRWE OF THE IMMOKTAL AXD VKN'F-RABLE

Shklbv, and discloses Gon. Jackson a
base and infamous intriguer, for the ag-

not fail to inspire us with confidence in'
oursehcs; lor vigor of government is
essential to thosecurilv of liberty; tiie

grandizcment of liimself and his min- opposite of whicii will create a spirit of
ions of corruption, dislru-(. That the course pur-ued by

Mr. Adam>i has i)ecn marked Iiy a s;rict

regard t<;tlie supremacy of the laws, is

a fad which cannot be dciied by any

[The lollowm; well nniun o-n> on ihr ...h- ] unprejadiccd mind. He possesses ex-

jeci of tae Presiiloiicv is ("rom "/rv iiie People,'''' | tensive and varied information, soimd

a pa ler piiliHshed in vv'a=hington city. His iud<jment. immovable firmness, enlitjh-

TTorthv ol a candiil and patient perasal. 1 "i ^ i • j i • " j

' ' ' te-ied wisdom, t;reat experience and

To the rool aii'f f^i^passiona!c.cow<idernlionU\i\\\, joicied to liberal and comprelien-

ofthe Prople of the Uiiled Slules. sive views of the policy best adapted to

The lime is fa-t approaching waen ;tlie promotion of the general welfare of
you wiU.be called upon to exercise the j the country. Heisnotone oftliosewho
right of suffrage in the election of a {would choose rather to be feared than
chief magistrate of the nation, to fill i to be loved; he has ntver declared that
the most exalted ollicc in the gift of a "/au-x leerc silent nmvl flr*?is.'" and
free and enlightened people. That j that ^' mi^lil rrhca n'slitV Whv, then,
you should give the subicct m iture con- 1 wo'ild son withhold from him your sup-
sideration, both in regard to men and i)ort without some -ubstantial cause'
■nien'ntrcs, is a matter which vonr oivn | You liave been told, bv aspiring dema-
prudencc will -d nitto bcof the first im- gogues, that became into office by bar-
portancc. For to act precipitately. jo-./Zn a'ld m/ci2"'(p, but the fdsitv of this
and without regard to (he qu dificatio is 'assertion has been clearly '-stablished.
of tlie re-:pectivc ca -didaies. wouM ex- , Vou have been told that ho is not ihe
hibit a want of intelligence, and would [people's choice. But you know full
perhaps, sooner or later, prove fatal to | well that a dangerous ambition more
the liberties of our commo ! country. ; Irequently lurks behind a specious mask

It is my principal aim, fcllow-cili- j of z;-al for the rishts of the people, tlian
zens, to put von on vour guard, against , under the forbidding appearances of
the attempts of de-iiining politicians Zfal for tlie firmness of government..
wiK) resort to every stiatagein to inllu- History ieaches us that the Ibrmcr haj
encp vour decision, in a matter of the i fotiad a much more certain road to the
utm^ist importance to vonr welfare, by introduction of despotism than the lat-
jmpressions other than those which re- tor, and that of those men who have

suit front the evidence of truth. Be-
ware of those partizans who flatter

ovcrihrown the liberties of republics,
the greatest number have began their

themselves with prospects of elevation |careerbv paving an obsei]uious court to
to office from the asccndancv of Gen. , tlie people — "rommencing demagogues
Jackson; for it cannot be doubted that j and en<!Tng tvrants.'"
much of the opposition which has al- llavingshown thcmeritorious course
ready shown itself, has sprung from the of conduct, together with the qualilica-

tions of Mr. Adams, the questions which

exertions of discontented individuals,
who arc vain enough to fancv thcm-

naturallv present themselves are these:

selves successful in opcralinu npon a l"U1iat are the 'superior el.iims of his
portion of the American 'people. Bui jadver-arv'^ Does be po.ssess a sgflicicnl
the time has not vet arrived, we tru-t. knowledge of (he policy of the Irircrenl
when their exertions can he crowded 'nations of the world to enabl; i-im to
with success V'""i never can wi-h to f-iin a jii-t an.l v,i-e ;.(inrlu-iQ;i in thr

TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.

«fltV

administration of the afliiirs ofourow
s;ovoriimeiit, wliicli will harmonize with
the prosperity of tliis country general-
ly? To judi^e of the future hy the pas'
conduct, I am iMchiied to think he
would act with too much impetuosit> .
and t'lo iitile prudence!

The supporters of Gcti. Jackson, in
their persevering silence as to liis civil
qualifications, or rather his want of
tliem, furnish a striking, and in theni
selves, n)osl rare illu-tralion of the oiii
iiipoieiice of truth. Allhougli the god
oftl)eir idolatry, it is only as the god
of war that they adore him. And even
CM this point, they find themselves re-
stricted to limits altogether too narrow
for the range of their inventive imagi-
natiohs. They call him tiie "H'lv of
Iko h'i7«." But wiieii asked to turn 'o
the page of revolutionary histor\', on
which his battles and victories are de-
scribed, they are silent. His revolu
tionary services when investigated, arc
reduced to two cx'iloits, viz: in being
once gallantly taken prisoner by the
enemy and suifering u;>kind treatment,
and afterwards spiritedly runnitig
away vihen they attempted to capture
him a second time. These impottai.t
facts are not related, to be sure, by
Marshall or Ramsay, but are vet mat-
ter? of grave tradition. At tlie com-
mnncemcnt of the late war, it would
seem that Gen. Jackson was not known
to Mr, I\Iadison, for had he been the
distinguished military chieftain he is
jiow represented, he would have un-
.<juestionnbly been appointed com-
<nander-ii;-chief. Kc received his com-
mission only six or seven montlis be-
fore the peace. He never but nncc
met a discipliiied force, and such were
the advantages of his situation, in the
iicver to be forgollen battle of (he 8th of
January, that oidy thirteen of his men
we.-e killed and thirty -four wounded.
Vet Gen. Jackson is represented as the
greatest military captain of this or an\
ntlicr age, as having higher claims,. "in
tiic proportion of ten to one,"' than
Washington, "upon the gratitude of his

■upporters observe a most commend-
ilile silence. We cannot learn that he
ver was thouglit qualiti d for tlie of-
lice of Governor, even ol Tennessee;
tiiat he ever received tlie voles of his
own state, for an office in their imme-
iliate gilt, except a.i election to their
Legislature. He has, to be sure, been
'wice, for a short time, a Senator of the
United States — Oi.ce during the ad-
ministration of Washington, aiid again
in lliat oi Miinroe. His first Senatoi-^hip
was distinguished bv his opposition to
a vote of thanks and an address tiom
that b 'dy to General VVasiiinoton, on
retiring from the government. His
second term in the Senate was distin-
guished by '-his mock-modesf resigna-
tion, that he uiigiit retire to the Her-
mitage, to engender and concert slan-
ders by his "own fireside." While
in the Senate, what important measure
did he ever bri g forward? On what
committee was he ever appointed?
What knowledge did he discover of our
commercial interests; our naval or
military aflTaiis; oui- finances; ourjudi-
ciary system; of our foreign relations:
of constitutional or national law? The
Lardy assertion has once been made,
that "lie had been eminent as a lawyer
and judge !"' But where is the evidence
of the Oict? On what occasion has he
disdiiguislied himself as an advocate?
Who ever iicard of his eloquent or pro-
found arguments? In what volume of
reports are his leaned decisions to be
found? When and by whom were they
ever cited as authority? Did Judge
Marshall, or Ivent, cr Parsons, ever re-
fer to (he opinions of Judge Jacksoa?
Indeed, I am forced to conless my en-
lire -ignorance of his learned exposi-
tions of any part of the law, except his
favourite Second Section. This he
most forcildy cxpou'idcd at New-Or-
leans, and gave a further commentary
upon if to President Monroe. By it, in
time of war, all persons, not citizens
of, or owing allrgianvc to the Ui.ited
States, who shall be found lurking as
spies, in or about the fortifications or

country!"' But if we enquire what evi-! encampments of the armies of the Uni
dencehe has exhibited of talents as a fed States.are to Miti^-r death, tc. bya
statesman? AVhat is his knowledge of general Court Martial.' Judge Jaclf-
our political institutions and laws, and -on. by hi- uereral order of the iGlh of
'he administration of Government? his December, I f!l 4, decided (hat ihf in-

300

TO THE PEOPLE Of THE t.MTED STATES.

babitant:f of Nfw-Orlean«, citizens of , The- comin:indcr compelled to sit still

the (J; i'.td States, came witlvii this sec
lion, and if Jbuiid in the Streets, or not
at home, after nine e'clock in the even-

and see the national siiip drift at the
mercy of the wind and waves, or if he
should seize the helm, exposed by his

ing. that they should be liable to be want of skill, to strand upon the rocks
tried and execiiicd. In his letter to j and quicksands?

Mr. Monroe, the Judge also decided I I would beg leave, in this communi-
that the members of the Harlford Con- j cation, to introduce an extract f omthe
vnuiiow, citizens of the Ur.ited Slates, | c>;lebrated speech of Mr. Storrs, inthe
arid lot found as spies lurking in or j House of Representatives, when the res-
about any fortitica«ions,&.c. had incur- 'olution to disapprove of the coi.duct
red ti.e penalty of this section, and that [of Gfueral Jackson, in the Seniirole
"had the good city of Hailford been j war, was urder co- sideration. "With
within his (Judne Jackson's) m!litar\ iny consent," said Mr. Storrs, "tl'esp
di'^trict, he v.ould have frit himself transactioi.s shall never be recorded by
boM;,d to have HU^'G the members of! history as the acts of the nation. Of
said Convention." In the execution of jirfipite consequence will be the eCTect
Aibuthnot a.,d Amhri>ter, as otttlau's\o( our vote on the national char-
and pirates, though they were never .atter. We profess to be the onlv free
citizens of t'>e U.rited States, aiid were gover->ment on earth; that our inter-
not fouiio i;pontiie hipl. seas, but upon course with foreign nations, is charac-
the f.:nu', XV have a decision of Judge terizi'd by moderation and ju-tice: that.
Jacksu '» II nor the law of nations. Bui our institulio'is are pure and unspot-
tiiac these decisions have be<ome au- ,ted: that our national character is be-
th6>-ities. we are -ot aware. That they lyond reproach. Above all, wc pro-
never W'il.OCrrNTlL OUR LIBER- 'fess to be christians. Go, follow the
TIES ARK CRUSHED UNDER A track of this christian armv through the
MILITARY DESPOTISM, we arc Floridas. It can easily be traced. Ev-
fully co!ifident. Oppressed with a con- J ery footstep is trodden in i>lood. The
virtioii of his utter disqualification to path is strewed with the unbleached
administer the government himself, his bones and livid carcasses of its slaugh-
frie'id* .is:-uic us that "Ac zvill seltul nn itcrcd inhabitants. Survey this fright-
able cabinet" Here then, is a distinct I fill u-aste of human blood; the awful ca-
admi^sioii of his incapacity. Instead lamities Mhich have been inflicted ou
of coi'centrating in himsell, the superi- j our 'pcrics, a!id say if our posterity
or talents and information, which ibrm will not blush lor their ancestors. Aq
the ossenlial difloi-ence between the inciuct which occurred during this
election and hereditary chief magis- campaign, carries with it the keenest
trale, Gen. Jackson's only qualification ' rebuke to our professions of christian-
i", that he has tact enough to select ality. Duncan McRimmon, one of the
prime minister!! But what assurance I Georgia Militia, wiu; captured by the
• vvc )ou. that he will be able or dis- ! Indians in the early part of the war;
: -ej to do even this? Who are. they i he was condemned bv Hir.i.is Hadjo
. hold this language? The very i to death; the victim was bound In
, and they alone, who hope to get | his presence, and the iristrument of
liiselves ihto power under him; the j torture was prepared. The daughter
■. -.^ ho hope while Jackson is nom- '. of this chief,an artless and uneducated
v, to he t'')cmselves President in;ch'.ld of the forest, who had never
The most al)le and patriotic , heard of the precepts of our religion,
MiiU'-t present a wide diversity of whose onlv instruction had been re-
ceived from her father, at the awful
moment when he was about to sufier
V^itli >ut an executive fullv en- the cxcrutiating death to be inilicted
■'■Tg his own prime minister, 1 by savage ferocity, this Indian gni,
• .Id be our situation with a , nishiag bct'nee!! liim and his murder-
led anil dis racled by tl;e | ers, imj^lored his life. On her inter-
jealousies of its members?! cession, it was granted — the life of niu-

and vieivs. recjuiiing a master
recor'cile, com!>i:;e, and direct

TO THE PEOPLE OF THE tJNlTED STATES.-~TnE CASE OF WOODS. 301

fellow countrymen was spared. That
father, wfio thus listened rind jiekltd
to this supplication of mercy, was tlie
Pr'/jhet Franns, whom Gen. Jackson
afunvards excculed.'^ " Sir," said lie,
'• is thi? the era of the world, when A-
merica shall sanction those acts of in-
humanity? If these deeds of cruelty
are to receive the sanction of this
house, here, before God and man, 1
was!; my hands of their hlood.''

With such well authenticated facts
staring you in the face, is it possihlc
that you can cive your support lo Gen.
Jack-;on? If so, I tremble for the fu-
ture destinies of our country. For,
aspiring men, intriguing and amhitious,
may assail, in its essential part, with
impetuosity, the baltlemeijts of the
constitution! But I indulge the fond
hope, fellow-citizens, that that noble
chart of our liberty, purchased by the
treasure, toil, and blood of the heroes
and fathers of the revolution, will be
preserved and remain the admiration
of future ages, as a scroll of wisdom,
independence and fame. How often
is the sun, when gallantly marching on
iu its majestic course, suddenly ob-
scured by clouds and storms! Yet its
powerful rays soon break forth in efful-
gence and glory: so, in some respects,
our Constitution, that polar star of our
country, is often darkened and obscur-
ed by the tempestuous vapours of hu-
man intellect and ingenuity; yet, like a
strong ship, amidst the storms of the
ocean, she resists the tempests, and
rides upon (he mountain waves, carry-
ing her gallant crew in safety to the
destined port.

Having thus touched upon the rela-
tive merits ar.d conduct of the two can-
didates, and the dangers which may
possibly result from (he elevation of
General Jackson to the Presidency, I
bid you for the present, a respectful
idieu.

COMMON SENSE.

THE CASE OF WOODS.

■Many months have elapsed since the
trial and execution of the unfortunate
V\oods was made a subject of investi-
gation before the public and of serious

charge against general Jaclvson. I( i?
probable that this and many other acts
of bloodshed and violom e on the part
of the general would never have been
noticed, had itnol l)een fcr (ho incoi.sid-
erate zeal of his parlizans to make him
not only a man ol courage bul one of
unexampled mildness and humanity.
These are attributes which do not be-
long to his character, — bis whole life
shows the fact; and I will i.oi for one,
tamely sit by and sec him iiivesied with"
them lor purposes so unholy and (lagi-
tious. He is emphatically a man of
bluod and carnage, and has ;-.lways been
violent and reckless in whatever he has
had to do, both ii. public and in private
life. I would have no such man a Sen-
ator or a judge, much less the Piesitient
of ihe United States.

The execution of Woods has been
much discussed; but I am confident,
after all, that a great majority ol the
people do not understand the case.
There has been great difficulty in
getting at the facts. The friends of
General Jackson have been uncom-
monly vigilant to keep them from the
public eye. They have resorted to
every means to screen their hero from
the shame and confusion which the
truth of this transaction must inevitablj-
fix upon him forever. But they have
not succeeded. Neither Eaton nor
Parrish nor Miller, nor the committee
at Nashville, has bet;n a'lle to stop the
spirit of investigation. It has gone on,
and we have a perfect developement of
the whole aflair — such a one as marks
the general as a hard-hearted, merciless
tyrant, and his volunteer apologists
as a craven set of polilical knaves. —
That I do not speak rashly shall be ful-
ly evinced as I proceed ; for I intend tc
make, from fiicts in my possession, a re-
cord of this wanton murder that cannot
be easily overthrown.

Woods was executed lor '-disobedi-
ence of orders, disrespect to his com-
manding officer, and for mutinj." —
These arc the pretended char<res, and
the friends of Jackson justify (he deed
mainly on the ground (hat it was a sec-
o.\D OFFE.vcE. Tiius Col. Pofrish says:
"John ^Voods having ''<<T. unce pardoned
for mutiny and desertion \va^ foui d
guilty on ("lie Uth of March, 1814." kc.

303

TITB C*SE OF 'WOODS.

'Miller, i!'>^' lamous witiies« in Green
Couiitv of till; state, wlio volu!ileere(l
"his siemcrs in white w-nshing tlic Gen-
eral, also allosed Uic same ju-liruatior

She ibipiUe, April 20th, 1828,
Being <alled upon to state what I
kiiosv of John VVo'td^;, and the manner
in which the detachment commanded

Hr <ays, "Woods deserted from his post i hy Brigadier Gericnil Roberts, was or

and started for home, he was, however,
overtaken and i)rought back to ramp,
•where he was tried for desertion, found
guilty and condemned to he shot. For
this offence he zuas pardoned by General

dercd into tiie service, and ti>e time
for whicii thev were received — do cer-
tify, liiat I comniaided the company of
Volunteer Liglu I ifanlry, to which
John Woods wa^ attached, and had

A.i07i"." This is shown to he a lie received oid-rs from Gilc- Barnett,
•from hegiimiiig to end by Major Eaton's] Colonel of the 28lli regiment. That
account, copied into the 5tii No. of i the volunteer light infantry rendcz-
Truth's Advocate,page 175. General : voused at Fayettevillc, Lincoln coun-
Jackson in his general order which pre- ty, on the 17li) inst. (December, 1813.'
ceded the execution says, "This is the " in order to be mustered into servic(.
secotui lime you have violated the duty against (he Creek Indians," — that 1 ac
of a soldier — the xnond tnnr you have cordingly notified tlie men attaclied (o
been guilty of offences the punisiiment my command, of this order, and the
of which is death." The whole order is [ company did, on the 17th of Deceni
also copied into the Advocate, niimber| her, isi3, rendezvous at Fayelteville.
and page as above. [ 57 strong. At this time, rumor w;is

Now the truth is, and let il be spoken j among the soldiers, that some diflieull;
to the everlasting disgrace of Parrish. | or misunderstanding had occurred

Miller and General Jackson iiimself,

Woods teas never guilly of any other of-

Jenee but the one for zchick he zcas inhu-

with those then in service, as to the
time for whicli iliev could he legally
detained. To prevent a like oceur-

manly executed. He was never /;jW, I rence with the soldiers of my company,
nor pardoned for any forreier offence,) J called upon General Roberts, to as-
NOR DID HE IN FACT BF.t.oNG TO THK ARMV ; certain of him tlie time of seivice to
at the time he is alleged to have mm- be required of them, and atler some
■mitted it! He never f/(wr/"/ ♦he army, conversation upon the subject, to fore
He was not with General Roberts' de- stal ivery dillicnlty. 1 had drawn up.
tathnicnt that turned back from fort , in the handwriting of the present Colo-
Strothcr; and did not join the service ! ue\ William Barnett, of ihis county, a
tilltiie troops were re-organized at Fay-| roll or list of tiie names of every man
ctteville, and then as a substitute for (hon ]iresent. superscribed with the
William Rager. It will he reinemlier- 1 following conditions, upon which my
ed that the desertion so much spoken fompanv entered tiie service, to wit
of which is alleged to have constituted |> Wo, the undersigned volunteers of the
Woods' /fr.?< offence, was the defection | light infantry of the '2Stli regiment, do
of Roherti'commandiiear fort Sirother, agree to serve a tour of dutv of three

Woods, I repeat, was not then altaelied

months against the Creek Indians, ii

he was not one of the not sooiicr discharged," — and upo;;

to the service

number wh

and of course committed no crime, if | found — and that upon said paper o

crime it was. and needed no pardon, i roll, between two columns, in

lur:ied back or '■^de-erted^'^ j which. John Woi ds"s name is not to In

whi(

Yet Parrish as well as the General and
the rest of his defendei-s talk of a '•first
ajrence'' — of a ^'■pnrdou^'' and thus justi-

tiie names of the men stood, Genf-ral
Roberts wrote with his own hand.a-
follows: '• Received Captain Harris">

fv the execution of a raw itiexperienrcd companv, agreeably to the aliove con-
boy,\vho according to their own account djtions. IS.AAC RODl^RTS. B. G."
liad been enrolled but '■• n few trcehaV \ General Rolieris assured the troops.
J submit the testimonv obtained and Ithat (hev should he received bv Gen-

iurnished by Dr. .Arm-trong of Tennes
see. ;;'id extracted from the Kentucky
Reporter.

oral Jackson for the term of serv ice
fur which they considered tlieiaselvcs
vohinlceiing. lo wi(: three month=:

i

TICE CASE OF WOODS.

Mi

and we in a short time took up the lipej wards dismissed, and received their
of march, and tlie troops manifested discharge Jor three morths.
great checrfuhicfs ami disposilioii to J A.MES HARRIS.

enter tlie servii e and peribrni every]

requisition that could l)e legal!) re- j The undersigned certify, that we be-
.juired of a s^oldier. When we had ar- longed to the company commanded by
rived within a few miles of the Ten j Captain James Hard?, of a detach-
Island-s General Roberts halted his nient commanded b\ General Roberts,
troops, and went to General Jackson's ■ and were out when the detachment
ramp to acquaint him of the arrival ofl fir>t went and progressed, near the Ten
the troops, and the terms upon whit h [ Islands, from which place we returned.
they entered the service. The nexi i William Rager with us, and alterwards^
morning, Roberts' brigade, or the re-assembled at Fayetfeville, at which;

troops taken out by him, received a
communication from General Jackson,

place John Woods ji ined the compa-
ny, as a substitute, in the place ol Wil-

throughColontlSittler, that they could liam Ragcr, and went on and joined
not, nor would not be received by him the army at Fort Strother, duriiig
for a less tern) than six months. Gen- ! which time, we were all in the habit of
eral Roberts then told his troops they seeing Woods every day, and during
were dischar^'ed. and at liberty to go that lime, know of no act of divobedi-
home, or join the commanding general, '• ence on the part of Woods, or insu'->or-
as they pleased, to which, as well as I ,dination, until the affair for «luch he'
recollect, Colonel Siltler said to the was executed. Woods had deported
troops, that if they attempted to go himself, so far as we know, as uell as
home, they would be sto[)ped. The the soldiers commonly of that compa-
soldiers, or must of those attached to ny or any other: and we all know and
my company, did go home, myself with positively certify, that he never before
the rest, and with them, Htll-am /.(/-that time, either deserted or had been
ger, in Tchose place, John Woods did «/^! guilty of mutiny. And 1. Williaw!
h-ncards, upon the srcond return of the Stev/nrU further certify, that I had
Com/jany/o Frt^e«fr(7/f, on their way to known Woods from a small boy, and
the Creek nation, substitute, as 1 know, KNEW he had never sei-ved any other
of my own knowledge, and which is ; tour of duly, than the one in which he
further shown by the company roll i was engaged at the time he was shot,
made out at that place, at the >econd j We have also heard the statement of
rendezvous, upon which his name ap-^ Captain Harris, a great part of which
pears as a substitute. This roll is now i we know to be correct, and have cn-
in my possession. Woods was not quite J tire confidence in the truth of the
eighteen years old, and not yet subject j whole,
to militia duty, according to (he infor-|
mation I then received; hutliavingaj
brotiter, William Woods, g<>i;ig out in'
the companv, he spoke of volunteering, i
but while at Fayetteville, during the'

second rendezvous of this company, he| ded by Captain Harris, and was with
substituted, as I have before said, and his company, when they first went out
went out in that character: and until near to the Ten l-lasids, and returned
the 30th of February, 1814, when 1 j with them. John Woods was not then
left Fort Strother for Huntsville, by; along. When the company re-assem-
order of the commanding general,! bled at Fayetteville, 1 understood
Woods conducted himself as orderly | Woods had substituted in the place of
as any other soldier belonging to the! William Rager, and from that time,
company, so fir as came to mv knowl- went on with the company to Fort
ed<;c, and was notduriiis that period, Si rother. If he was auilty of disobc-
guiltv, or tried, of any oifence, so far! <lie'M-e of orders, insubordination, mu-
-fs I knew. TUeso troops, were after- 1 tiny or desertion, previous tp the niVair

WILLIAM STEWART,
JOSEPH ALEXANDER,
ISAAC ANDEi.SON.

I was also in the company comman-

30 (

THE CASE OF WOODS.

for wliicii he was executed, I never
heard of it.

ABM. WHINERY.

Slale of Tennessee, Bf.ilfari foun/y,)
MvRCH 3, 1828. 5

Being re<|ue>ted lo stnte what 1 le-
ijjM-nKer o(' the crime and circum3t.-»ri-
C''> IV iich led to tiie execution of John
Woofh. at Fort Strolher, a soldier un-
der tue coniinind of Gc'Cral Jackson,
— do hereby certily and decHre, that
I belo.iged to the same company with
Wnoi-, and was leinin<^ on a pole,
(havii)!» been sick lor one or two weeks
previous,) with. n eight or ten steps of
Woods, who-was seated on the ground,
eating his breakfast, having just come
from his guiird fire, when a man by
the name of Camp, who was said to
hold some commission in the Staff De-
partment, w.is pa-:sing along, and bcgtm
to curse and abuse tlie company for
permitting filth and bones to lav scat-
tered about. Some one or two of the
men were dTf^cted to carry olF the
bones, and proceeded to do it. Woods
still contiiineH to eat, when Camp also'
called to !iim, and cursed him to get
op and assist i:i taking oH' the filth. — j
^V.iod- observed, thr;'- he v/as on guard,
and had obtained Icav- of his otficer
lb." his absence. Camp cursed him
for leaving his guard, and ordered an
ensign to take a file of men and take
him to his guard. Woods stated he
was going liiiTiscH', and rose and start- 1
ed, i, iii!vw t'te priming out of his gun, I
&, primed 't al'resb.'fc the i went straight
on to his gu.ud tire. VV^iiile he was]
going. Camp iiallooed to the Fort lo '
General Jacksoii, and told him there
\V«s a damned d'-ericr would not be '
taken. General .Iii'k>on came out of
the Foit, and hiUooed, shoot the
damned r;usi;al if )ie would not be ta
ken. Woods went up to tlie guard
and surrendered himself prisoner. Al
guard from the regulars, soon came
iiid look him into cii«todv. Woods
was ironed in the black-smi'h shop,
(and I saw the irons put on,) and then
tiikcii to the camp of the regulars, and
kept there until he was shot. I was
also a witness before the court mar- '
tial, and was within tlie lines of the i
S;.nard, whilt; the trial was progressing, '

I General Jackson walked backwards
' aiid forwards with his hands behind 'li^
back, and remarked to the court mar-
tial, " to be cautious, and mind what
they were about,'" for he said, "by the
Eternal God, the next man (hat was
condemned, he would not pardon him.
a!;d this was a hcartv, hale young fel-
low." I think .Major Wilhani R. Hess,
was Judge-Advocate. No person ap-
peared as AVoods's friend or counsel to
defend him.

WILLIAM STEWART.

I George A. Brock, of Franklin coun
ty.and the State of Tennessee, do state
that neither Col. \. Erwin, nor any
part of his family, ever spoke to, or
conversed with me on the case of John
Woods, a soldier who was shot at Fort
Strother during the Creek war; nor
was the certificate given at his rei|uesf,
or at the request of any of liis family,
nor was his name mentioned (to ni)
knowledge) during that transaction.
I gave the certiticate published in the
''Kentucky Reporter," at the request
and to the person of Dr. James L.
.Armstrong, and hereby reiterate that
the same is correct, to the best of inv
knowledge and belief, with the e.vcep-
lion of the name of the Judge-.Advo'
cate. In this case 1 expect I was mis-
taken, as I was not nearer the court than
tilteen or twenty yards, and was but
slightly acquainted with either Col.
Williams or .Maj. Hess. I further dc
dare, (hat I was one of the original
volunteers wlw turned out under the
orders of Gen. Roberts, for three
months; that this detachment marche<l
as far as Canoe Creek, in the Creek
nation, and then understanding that
Gen. .Tackson would not receive us un-
less for six months, most of the detach-
ment returned home; but afterwards
hearing otherwise, the men generalh
returned and met at Fayettevillc. In
the first rmirch John Woods was not
with us; but on again assembling at
Fav<-ltev;lle, hc appeared, and took
the place of my half brother, William
Uager, as I before stated, on the 22nd
January, 181-1, r\\\A went on lo Fort
Strother, wheie I do state positively
he remained doing duty as other sol-
diers, unt^l lie was arrested for the

THE CASE OP ^VOODS.

305

crime for which he was shot; and any
statement or fissertion which goes to
show that lie had ever previously de-
Forled is not true. John Woods had
a" older hrot'ier with the [larly, who
relumed iVom Cauoc creek; but John
was not th'_re, and never was in the
army before the above named time.
George A. Idrock.

Slate of Tennessee, Fratiklin co.'i
April, 1828. I
The undersigned, citizens of said
comty, do hereby ccrtily, that Ihey
have personally known George A.
Brock, of said county, most o( them
ten or t'velve years, and do cheenully
Slate, that they believe liim to be a
man of truth, morality ::nd honesty,
a:"l tiiat as mucii faith and credit is
due and ought to be given to liis state-
ments as to any other citizen of our
county.

John O. Johnson,
James Cu.nnyngham,
JoH.v Catf..

We have been personally acquaint-
ed with (ieorge A. Brock for six years,
ami believe him to be a man of truth
and credit, and stands fair with us.
Barrett Forsvthe,
G. W. Richardson,
Jesse Gother,
Benjamin- T. Hollix,
J. H. CamdeiV,
John Hickersos.

It has been the fasb.ion of the Jack-
son party to discredit ine witnesses who
liave been adduied to prove the crimes
and enormities oi their idol. Men of
standing and reputation have lent
themselves to this miserable subter-
fuge. Thus Messrs. Ilanna, Courch,
Fer^ison, and Stewart, who testifii;d
that Woods was on guard and had ob-
tained leave of his officer to cat his
breakfast have all been branded as
liars. On this poiiit, however, the op-
position gentlemen are driven to the
last extremity'. Dr. Armstrong in sub-
mitting hi? testimony, has the follow-
ing:

" The honorable Mr. Isaacs is ac-
HuaiDtod v.ith Mr. Brock, and the a[er.-

tlemen who have given his character —
to him I refer for their standing; and
the Hon. Mr. Polk is in some degree,
acquainted with Messrs. Coucli, Fergu-
son, and Hanna, and those gentlemen
who have signed their character — to
him I also refer. Mr. Brock did not
state with certainty, that Col. Wil-
liams was Judge Advocate — and still
less so, as to the members of the court.
He says, " I think Lieuts. Pairish and
Davis, and ensign Holt were the court,"
— the name of Hall was a misprint.

Will tire hon. Mcssrs.Isaacs and Polk>
deny their knowledge cf the gentle-
men referred to?

7'he fact is now clearly proved, that
Woods was executed for the Jirst of-
fence; and that offence was a refusal lo
do camp duty while he was on guard,
and a determination not to surrender
his gun but to the officer of the day.
What then becomes of General Jack-
son's general order, and all his parade
about the "PARDON"! What an in-
sult to the poor wretched prostrate
boy, to talk of a pardon for a former
offence which he knew nothing of, and
to ;*ggravate the injustice and relent-,
less cruelty of his execution, by heap-
ing upon him crimes of which he never
had been guilty! But it may be said,
that General Jackson was under a mis-
take, and that Woods did not make a
proper defence. And can this be
urged in extenuation? Shall precipi-
tancy excuse the shedding of blood,
and shall the life of an ignorant youth
be taken, because he did not know how
to make his defence? Was it not the
duty of General Jackson to look into
all the facts of the case? Surely it
was: — and had he done so, he would
have found no apology for his general
order, or for the execution. fclvery
thing in relation to the '•pardon'''' is a
sheer fabrication. Not a word of it,
nor of any former oflcncc, was before
the Court Martial. It was assumed by
Jackson graluitomly, and appatcntlv
for no other j)urpose, but to furnish
some grounds lor the barbarous mur-
der he was about to commit. Shall
such a man be President o{ the. United
States?

I

:<06

GENERAL JACKSON'S TBREATs.

GENERAL JACKSON'S THREATS, i ingtoii. where he arrived at day light on

The time has arrived vi hen it is r.o i the 3d March, the last day of the ses-

lon2;(r possible to conceal the fact, that ■ :?ion. During the evening of that day

Gi'ieral Jacks&n threatened in the | lie was seen at the Brick Capitol, as it

most positive and savage manner to in- was called, where congress then hold

diet personal violence upon those mem-
bers of Congress, who in ISlC, investi-
gated his^ official conduct. While they
were progressing in their examination
the Gi-neral arrived in the city of
Washington, and by his awful impreea-
tions and bold denunciations attracted

its sessions, accompanied by his frie* ds
Dr. Bronaugii and Col. Kemprr. —
Coannodorc Decatur visited the Capi-
tol on the same evening, accomp-iniod
by his lady. At"ter escorting the latter
to the lobby of the Senate, he returned
to the. outer passage, where seeing

the attention of Presideiit Monroe. — j General Jackson greatly agitated and
This pacific, humane and intelligent | having heard of his threat to eister the
man, believing tliat General Jackson i Senate chamber, and the.rc ofTer vio-

hnddonc the country some service and
knowing that bis bullying and swagger-
ing conduct was calculate] to bring
himself and the nation into contempt,
took the occasion to interfere, Mjid to
perHiade him from his designs. The
following is a brief account of the in-
terposition, extracted from a recent
number of the jSaiional Journal, a.'id is
vouched for in the most positive and
unequivocal terms.

lence to some of its members, he ac-
costed Mr. Kemper, and entreated him
to dissuade the General from his pur-
post. This gentleman, however, in-
stead of comnlying with Decatur's wisti-
es, expressed his own concurrence in
the design, and his hope tliat Jackson
would carry it into ctTcct. Meeting
with this rebulV from Kemper. Commo-
dore Decatur rcxt addressed himself
directly to the General, and asked if the

President Monroe, upon hearing of- threats which he heard aicril<ed to him
his (General Jackson's) arrival and the j had been really uttered. Gen. Jack-
threats, was so apprehensive, from his ! son answered atBimatively. and added,
kjiowledgeoftheuncoiitiolablepassioiis I with an oath, that he was determined

ofthe General, that he would at least i.7- 1 to punish the d d rascals in their

toii/pJ some outrage, that he deputed his ver} places in the Senate. Decatur
brother,£ince deceased, to call upon him (earnestly conjured him to reflect "that
and request him to respect himself [it w.is a step which could not fail to
ajid the constituted authorities of his | ruin him in the estimation of every
country ,by abstainiiig from all violence. ; good citizen — that it was probable he
Tiiis, for a time, had itsetTecl; and the • was not witJiout enemies in the Senate
General left ^Vashington on thel2ih' — and that nothing could be more grat-
Feb'uarv, 1819, on a visit to New York, ifying to them. than any aitem]>t to cx-
Ou the 24th of the same moiith, Mr. i ecute his threat." The mild and
Lacotk made his report to the Senate j friendly manner of Dccaturs rcnKui-
on the Seminole campaign. On the : strance at length had its effect: and
2d of .March Gen. Jackson was honor- iGenerrtl Jackson was thus saved from
ed with a pu! lie dinner at Baltimore. |the comniission of a nime which would
Manv of the Gentlemen who were at |have bias'ed all his laurels in the bud.
that dinner will recollect how abruptly

In addition to the above, wc have
the testimony of the Hon. Abncr La-
cock, then a member of the Senate,
and- as worthv a man as ran be found
bers who had dared to call liis coaduct ; iii thr state, when- he resides. He was

he left the table, assigning as a reason
that he wished to be in Washington be-
fore the Senate adjourned, where it
was his purpose to chastise the mem-

in question, particularly the chairman chairman of the committee in the Son-
of the Committee, and Mr. Eppes, by ate, that reported against the conduct
whose casting vote he ur'dcr.slood the ■ of Jaikson and of course was one of
charattcr of iLe report had been deei-ltbc number designated for vengeance.
de4. A few ninutes aftpr leaving the^ He v.rote a bold and fearless account
ompany. he ,\ as on the road to Wash? of the tr,iii;act<cn at the time ^hich

GENERAL JACKSON'S THREATS.

30-7

Jackson, then in the city of Washington,
dii not, and darfid not, deny. Recent-
ly Mr. Lacock has appeared again. —
"V\'e extract from his address the follow-
ing portion wiiich is all that relates to
the subject in question.

'* While the examination of General [

the transaction, I cannot speak of the
fact, further, than that 1 heard it from
several respectable persons in Wash-
ington, at the. time — and I know, with
perfect certainty, that the v/hole scene
was thus related as it should h.ave hap-
pened: thai Gevieral Jackson went to
Jackson's conduct was in progress, he I the capitol in a carriage — that as he
with a pretty numerous suite, arrived \ passed from the carriage, and near the
in the city of Washington. He soon; door of the senate, he was met by
manifested his displeasure at the free- Commodore Decatur, who knowing of,
(lorn with which some members of the or being then informed of Gen. Jack=-
legislature had thought proper to ani- son's intention to fall upon Mr. Eppes,
midvert upon his conduct. He, how- ] the Commodore by entreaties and ex-
ever, staid some weeks in the city, and poslulations, induced the General to re-
during this time the members of his turn to his carriage. This was told
staff were called before, and exrimincd publicly, as coming from the Commo-
by, the committee of the Senate. He 'dore personally, and from this authori-
then took a tour to the east, and re- t\' it obtained credence as far as it was
■ceived, ever)- where, the kind atten- heard. I believed it and still believe
(ions and gratefil thanks of his coun- it — nor will I deny that I felt some ap-
trymen. This should have humbled prehensions for my own personal safety,
and softened the temper of a truly good I could see no reason why Gen, Jackson
and great man; but it had a diiferent should have selected Mr. Eppes as his
etlect upon General Jackson. When victim, who was at that time, sorely
at the convivial board, in Baltimore, on adlicted with disease rather than tho
his return, he first saw the report of ; chairman ot the committee. Impres-
the committee of the Senate, pointing sed with this belief, I mentioned this
out and mildly censuring his errors, his circumstance to Mr. Crawford, (then
Tuge was ungovernable, and the invec- Secretary of the treasury, a name I
tives and imprecations on the commit- never mention but with feelings of the
tee awfully iiery and profane. i strongest respect,) Mr. Crawford told

He, however, lost no time until he me that he had heard and belie%'ed in
arrived in the city of Washington — 'the truth, of General Jackson's con-
where his threats and menaces were Uemplated attack upon Mr. Eppes, and
repeated with increased violence; and advised me to be on my guard. The
Gen. Jackson's threats of vengeance, 'same advice 1 received from several
and of cutting off the ears oi members gentlemen; and took it so far as to ap-
of congress, became a topic of pretty l ply to Walter Jones, Esq. U. States
general conversation. I am very con- ) attorney for the district of Columbia,
lident, that there was not a man be-! who kindly furnished me with the
longing to the government, holding any \ means of defence. And as this was the
thing like a conspicuous station, from \ first time in my life, when among civ-
the president down, and few members ; ilized men, that I had to resort to such
of congress, but what heard and he- 1 means for personal safety, I sincerely
lleved these things — nor did I ever [hope it may be the /a^/, in which a rep-
hear of its being denied, until the pres- j rescntative of the people, (oy the hones!,
ent canvass. With others, 1 heard of, i discharge of his duty, will be subjected
and believed sac!) threats had been to a like necessity.
made — but I did not believe he had lam well aware that General Jack-
any serious intention of carrying his son, in a letter to Mr. Grundy, has, by
threats into execution until a day or an pijifn-oyjfc, disengenuous and uiican-
two after the adjournment of congress,] did, attempted a denial of the outrage
when I heard of commodore Decatur I designed to have been committed upon
having prevented him from entering! Mr. Eppes. But this deninl relates
the senate chamber to attack Mr, Eppes. j merely to the precise sprt, and the ?nan
Not having a personal knowledge ovn'x in which he was interrupted and

308

GENERAL JACKSO.V'S THREATS—HERO OF 'J'WO WARS.

prevented bv Commodore Decatur. — I Baldwin, Hopkinson, Smith, and many
His pn vious tlireats of cutting oflT the j others, gave currency !o this storv, lo-ig
ear?, and muiilatiiig the members of | before either Mr. Adams or (ieneral
congross, he lias not denied, altliough {Jackson were spoken of for the pn-si-
t!ic charge was made by me, in the | dency. isa faci that ll ey will he iura-

National Intflligencer.in my ow;i name,
Tchenice were both in ihn city of Washing-
/o«, and when the facts were fresh in
the memory of all, and when many
were on the spot l)y whom these farts
could, and if denied, would have been
proved. Nor has General Jack=on
ever denied, even in his letter to Mr.
Gruiidy, his going in his carriage with
a settled design of putting his threats
into execution, and that between the
carriage and the senate chamber he
was turned from his purpose by the
strong and deciiive expostulations of
commudore I^ecatur.

That the account of a transaction so
extraordinary in its character, as this,
siiould have heen related as comiiig
from Commodore Decatur — and this,
not only in his life time but immodiate-
\y •liter it should have taken place —
ai.d for this story to have no foucidalion
i.i^'act, and to remain uncontradicted
by that genlleman, cannot be credited.
Those members of congress who re-
mained in the city a few days after the
adjournment, carried the story home
witii them, and told il as a fact — and all
agreed in every material fact, luid (hat
it came from tiic Jips of commodore
Decatur. Such was the slalemcnt
made by Mr. Baldwin, of Pittsburgh.
He stated the facts to gentlemen of the
lirst respcctabilily in the city, nor did
he to those gentlemen suggest a doubt
of the truth of those facts. It has,
moreover, been recently slated in a
pamphlet published in Hie city of Pliil-
adelphia, (hit Jorcph Ilopkinson. Esq.
•indMr. Daniel Siiii(li,(lhc latleirr par-
ticular and poixiiial friend oft'omino-
dore DecalnrV) h:i(l received from (he
( 'ommodore an account of the disgracc-
fal scene, ^tith all its circumstances.

Mow if General Jackson never did,
in the Bonapartcan style, de.-ign cr at-
tempt to violate the sanctity of the
sonal " house, as he and his friends
would wisli us to l>elicve, and if il was
never stated by Commodore Decatur,
who w< re the author- of tliis vile slan-
der upon Iho General? That Messrs.

pable of deiiving, as they would be of
fabricating a (alst report against their
neighbors. In short, if the outrageous
conduct charged upon Gen. Jackson
be not true, and these gentlem"n hav-
ing been given as the authors ot the re-
port in question: and if they never did
receive the fact, as stated, from Com-
modore Decatur, is it i.ot a duly ti.ey
owe to themselves, to General Jackson,
and to the public, to suj; so? Can their
silence, on this occasion bo jusiitied or
excused, on any principle oi' truth, jus
tice, or honor? — unless it be coupled
with the concession (hat the facts, as
stated, are substa'itially true — and in
such case it could hardly l>e expected
from a thorough going Jacksonite to
turn states' evidence, and tints convict
his favorite candidrtte of faJsehooJ n:id
deception. I most conscientiouslv lic-
lieve the facts as here stated, and thev
are candidly submitted to tlie serious
consideration of the intelligent and
peace-loving citizens of Pennsylvania,
by their friend and fellow citizeai.

A. L.\COCK.
Spring Dale. June 28, 1823.

Further comment upon this subject
is unnecessary. Those who are still
incredulous, would not believe, thoun:h
one were to rise froin tlsc dead. Im-
parting history, however, will do jus-
tice to the country, and to the parlies
conccrr.cd. It were well for the fame
of the Hero if his evasive and dishon-
orable letter (o Jlr. Grundy could be
blotted from tite annals of tlie times.
But it will live as long as his name is
known.asonc of Iho min> i'vidc:5ces of
iiis jialiry mcannoss and numerous j)rc-
varications.

Further Extracts from the Drama of llif

IlEKO OF TUO WARS.

.]rl 6//i, Seme 3rl.

Si-ene — the lieitMiTAnK — Hero's Studv.

Enter Hero: tiro Jitters in his liauJ.

IIkro. This, lliis ii damnable — why, liy llic
IIIitiimI,
'Tivould task ibc pnticncc evcu of .'ob liiai^r''

HERO OF TWO WARS.

30ti

And ting to madness men of calmer mood —
Not choose my own associates I not retain
Beneath mj roof, my bcstanri dearest friend !
Whose spirit woumlcd by the barbed shafts
Of truihs malicious, in kind sympathy
Mingles assimilated tcriefs with mine.
•Tis past endurance — and for what offence?
W hit mighty mischief against natiin's law,
Do canti.ig moralists rtqiiirc this sacrifice?
I have it here — a letter postmarked' /i/r/Vnio7irf,'
The writer — foh ! Iiis odious name associates
With recollectioDE slron;;, of insults past.
'T would choke me to rcjicat it. Only hear him:
Reads — " The good, the virtuous, feel them-
selves ofi»^nded,
That you should take to your d*mestic circle.
And cherished ooTd'idencr, a man like Toady.
Of ivhom 'tis hinted, lie ha; been guilty
Of base seduction, and adulterous incest.
The coalition clamour loud about it.
And wield it greatly td our disadvantage,
And to vour own. "Tis therefore meet and

proper
That he sliould be discharged. The common

good,
Requires this of you — and you miut regard il."

And here's again another precious scrawl.
From Lexington. Kentucky. Goodly monitors.
Amongst inglorious cowards may be found.
Reads — " Most honored, most respected,
glorious Chief,
With painful dillidencc your friends approach

you.
The subject is most delicate: we feel it.
As strong!^' for 3-ourself, as for the cause.
Urgent necessity, and patriot duty,
Compel us to speak plain. We pray your pa-
tience,
There goes an ngly and an ancient proverb.
To this effect : Jj great mail's character.
May well be knotvn by his associatiotis.
This silly adage has obtained high credence
With moral mongers and religious whiners,
^Vhom we must now conciliate, right or wrong.
The hireling writers of the coalition.
Have late discovered the true character
Of your dear friend and worfhy privy coua-

seilor,
Some twelve months since placed near your

precious person,
To share your burthens in the passing canvass.
With matchless impudence they have pro-
claimed it,
And none, you know, dare venture contradic-
tion.
The public mind is startled — if allayed not,
It may be roused to fury, and the torrent,
Once set in motion, roll impetuous on.
And with resistless force o'crrtliclm us all.
We beg 30U, gracious Chief", to bear with us;
The signs are ominous. -May Heav'en avert
The contiimmation of our dread forebodings.
Could you endure a ^lartial separation
From your dear friend, one cause of great

offence,
A stumbling block of mighty magnitude,
Would be removed. We are jour humble
servants."
Now by the soi;! of me, but here is modesty!
These Richmond gcntiy send their orders forth:
3iat(ers stand so and so. '('Iii; is RKQUIRKD,
And thi^ MUST be regarded. ;\U'ST tome!
From (hose, too, who out openly proclaim
Theirstron? con'omiit and 6\cd d-j'craiinatjon,

To raise me for a purpose of their own.
Pt-rdition on them all; May I become
Emasculated, as the sqiuaking compound,
Of ail the vile, base, and maiisnant passions,
Whom they so meanly worship, when I heed

them.
Ai:d what are these smooth silvery sycophants.
Whose honied accents greet me from Kentucky?
Professing so much love, such high respect.
For my own precious person, (damn the sneer,)
Calling upon me to rietacb iiiyself,
For this same cause, from my most useful friend.
To tear the he»t affections from my heart.
And root ap all its warmest sympathies ?
'Tis well I know them. When were they my
friends? ■'

Mean cowards as they are, they too, would

use me.
Their dastard spirits, filled with rankling hate
And spiteiul envy, long had cowered with fear,
Beneath the manly front and piercing eye,
Of their own fellow citizen. A man,
Born to command and awe ten thousand slaves
Of such ignoble mould. Were he my friend!
Oh were my destiny but linked witii his!
Faith, courage, eloquence, un?u!lit>d honor,
Unawed by rabble clamor, undismayed
By fearful combinauons of had men,
He marches onward, in his own good cause,
His foes receding as the crayon rook.

Skulks from the Eagle's glance

Ha! How IS this? Where am I? I'm trans

ported.
Involuntary homage I have naid.
To my great rival. And he well deserves it ;
Nor will 1 now retract a single word...
But these my " humble scn-anl.s''' of Kentucky,
So fullof patriotism, love and duty.
What seek they? 'i he prostration of a rival.
One whom they dare not meet in open contest,
And manly controvcr.=3', ^'^'^^ t" face.
Hence, they enlist themselves beneath my

banner,
Hoping to have their wishes consummated,
Without incurring danger to themselves.
And shall 1 yield myself to their direction,
Thinly disuuisedio form of mere suggestion ?
They shall far better know me.

{Walks in deep meditation.

Cursed be the ill-omened day I first permitted.

Thedemon of ambition to possess me.

1 am no longer master of myself.

Butlike a tiger chaine! and kept by others,

-My time, n.y fortune, every darling passion,

All, all are put in daily requisition.

How many keeper; have I? None can tell,

Wliore tliry reside, nor what their character.

Boar, and forbear; give, withcut measure givs,

Is the eternal din of all around me.

Are ail men beggars? Is the world diseased?

Vi'hy has r.iy home become a Lazaretto?

Are all li.e hiza.-s that the teeming stews

Of politi.'s give birth to, cast upon me!

Who crowds my parlour? who surrounds my
board .'

Who claims my bounty, as a debt incurred ?

Byvvhom am I devoTTed ? Surh a crew '

'Twoald sink a Bagnio, were they all its in-
mates!

.Amongst thorn, one, one only have I found,
Of soul and spirit with my own congenial!
Him, i must banish ! i3e forsooth, is infamous '.
\ neccadill 1, a mere mole hi!) criin'?.
Is f isteucil on him. 'Twas a natural impulse.

il»

ilEltO OF TWO WAKS.

That prompted the commission. And it damns

liioi,
Vf hiht I, viho act seduction, murder, treason!
A life of boisterous violence I 'Ti» well —
None dare accuse me. — But nlasl poor Toady,
He luust be made a scape goat : — All the sins
Of Kendal, Green and Jarvis, heaped upon

him,
And driven to the wilderness. For me,
Prospects of office, patrongc. and power.
Present a panoply of safe protection.
What odious hypocrites! Ha! who comes
there 1

[^Enter gentleman ufher.
UsuER. A mCEsenger, great Chief, requests
admission.
Alleging matter for your private ear.

Htiio. Whence comes he? and what is his

port and bearing?
UsHKii. He brings the appointed passport
to your person,
From where he comes, he said not.
His port and bearing are in ordinary.
He seems a neat, spruce, dapper gentleman.
With lady's mien and lii),anJ roseate cheek,
A chin, oil which, if razor ever crossed it,
'Twcrc but to put away llie velvet down,
AVhich kidy's chin might wear with pleasing

grace.
His speech is flippant, and lie twirls his whip.
And cracks it like a smart automaton,
1 marked nought else about him, worthy notice.
IIcRO. Let him bejntroduccd.

[Eril Usher.
Some begging jackanapes,
Seeking good quarters for a week or two.
And cash to hear him hence, lioasting besides,
IIiJ various service, and preferring claims
To l«ture office. Shall this never end?

[Enlcr Usher introducing Messengrr.
Mess. General, your most obedient. lam
happy.
Thus to renew acquaintance.

Hero, (coldlt/) Who are yon?

Mess. Dear me! have forgot? Now that's

a good one.
Hero. Nay, my dear youth I no disrespect
is meant :
but 1 cannot remember every face,
Nor every name, with which I make ac<]uain-
tancc.
Mess. But mine! — face! — name! I thought
I'd some pretension.
Well let it pass : see — here are my credentials,
f Gii'in^ papers.
\lhrn ojieiis the jiackft and starts.
Hero. Hah! here's a oaiuc never to be nc-
jrlected ;
An old lirni friend with me to rise or fall.
Ilfher, I'd be alone. My gentle hny —
Some gingerbread — a glas.s of Canary :
your wants shall be hreiled ; pray retire.

Mes.s. Coy! 'i'l)i> is usage I did not expect.
Why, docs he" lake mu for a Ganymede !
A lady's page? l,a second Junius —

Hero. (To Usitrr, impatient!;/.) Take, take
the imp away. What mean you ?

[Uslifr di-a^s the JVe(scrt<;^r ovtt
( Hern reads : medilnlc!. .flfler a long pauit,)
'• And you too r.rutn§," I may well CNcluim,
As C:e=:ir did. when stricken down with wounds.
He spied the reeking dagger of hi« t'riend.
And JVnnsylvania, too, conspires against me.
-Vour Toaiiy '. the wholf pack Imvc opened on
him.

The Richmond junta never could have mot e<(
me.

Nor could Kentucky sycophants prevail:

But Pennsylvania — my old Pittsburgh friend:
'hat is another story — Oh my heart!
Toady ! dear Toady ! He must separate.
And who shall bear the fatal message to biin ! —
I'll even send a slave, for such black tidings
Should be borne by slave*. Congo! IloCungo'

[^Enler Congo.
Go bear this message to your master Toady.

\ETit Congo, bearing a IctUr.
With all the clogs that weigh me to ihe earth
Shall I e'er reach the Presidential chair!
That's indeed the question: to try — to run,
And by that race, to win the highest pr'ze
That flesh is heir to : — " 'Tis a consummatioD
Devoutly to be wished," to try — to run, —
To run! perchance to fall; — '-Ay, there's the

rub,"
For in that fall, how low 1 may descend.
When twice I'm fairly beaten from ihe field.
Should bid me pause ; — " There's the respect"
That makes the worthy oft abstain through life,
From ^truggling after popularity.
For who that would not run where clory points.
But for the dread of scourging in tlie r, ce, —
The insolence, .and spurns and -coHV that pour
Like torrents on our heads, — our e:iriy faults.
Our sins of riper years, — our nndnight cnines,
Thai wc had vainly thoiigul, were hid frum all
But the Omniscient cy< , ii.ay rouje lo ligbt,
And be lik"^ raountnins piled upon our ba ks
" Puzzles the will," and makes the wi^eiieclinc
To tread .the dangerous way. Popularity,
Kverineonstant as the nodding plume,
Shukin; capriciously at every step,
May quite desert its votary at last,
.Vnt! j.iuDgo him down lo deepe.-i infamy.
While all his crimes are trumpeted abroad,
Which but for his ambition might havesle|>t.
And with liim been forgotten in the tomlv.
.And should I ever reach the chair of statt,
I'd only be a more coi.spiruous mark,
At which the scoffing world would point and sa v.
There sits a man of blood, — of lechery :
Of outrage iincNanipled m his day,
Hung'riiig for Mammon— thirsting for blood:
Whose whole career is like the wbirlwiod's

rage.
Where tempests flap their angry wings o'er

e.irth ;
This could 1 bear, if I could but succeed.
But opposition still ko'ps gathering .strength,
More than coinmcnsHratc v.illi all my ell'ortf.
Conciliation has been tried in vain,
And falsehood, fraud, and circumvention fail.
Th' chivulric sous uf Boon whom I denounced
As recreants, spurn me from them with con

Iciiipt,
A'oi Hull tJiiy /ot r mi/ rival — Inil they hate
THEIR SLANDLIIKK. The venerable shadt
or Shei.bv, too, has risen in my (Nith,
The elements* confound nie, and impeach
My trnlh, — legal records rise in judgment
To proclaim my avisricc and my lust.
The spirits of the dead wake from their groves,
.And stalk at miJnichl roun^l my restless couch,
linoking imprecations on my head.

""The fog nf the battle of New-Orleans,
though, which the Hero nearly throe years af-
terwards saw, or pretended he saw so distinctly.
{Sec his Islters to (Jen. midair.)

HERO OK TWO WARS.— BUUR'S CONSIMUACV.

an

K'eii (loath Iiiin5rlf has hurlM his vciiumed dart,
Anil called the Master Spirit of the North
From my embrace?', to his spacious realm.
And ill the South, where shone iiij brightest

hopes,
Where olt I've played the lordliiig over slaves,
Why, even there my cause is fust deolining.

0 Impudence '. () Tal^ehood! must I fall

At !a>t, with all your matchless aid, ttrugglini;

To save mo fr»m iricniedinblo chauie?

O! that I weri- indeed an anchorite,

The tenant of some wild un'rodden vale,

Where I might find l.elhean springs to drink

Ohlivnin to the past. Conscience! conscience'

Could I but fly where thou couldst not jiursue

1 yet might lind reposo. Again I say,
Curst be the ill-omened day I lirst permitted
The demon of ambition to possess mo.

[Hera murk agitated, walks the Jioor, Toady
enters. Hero darts.]

Seek not to know the reason of ray message,
'Tis not my will but policy that dictates,
\ se|)aration.'tweeu myself and friend.

Toady. Wherefore startle at my entrance
Hero .3

Hero. There's not a knave in all the
spacious earth,
But he's a coward.

ToAoy. There's not a madman
On this spacious earth, but thinks he's something
Which he is not : — some fancy they are kings.
While others promulgate self degradation,
And think themselves more wretcheil than they

are.
Thou art bravo, madly brave, and bravely mad.

Hero. 'Tis true indeed, I am reputed brave,
>ror would 1 shrink from man, nor would I skulk
in time of battle, from the front of war;
Yet notwithstanding, I'm a recreant.
For never do 1 turn my thoughts within.
But I recoil and tremble at the past.
And if 1 turn ray glance upon the future,
I sec posterity scolTingly point
To the historian's page, and mock my name
With that vain appellation which my friends
liiive given, "'The Hero of Two Wars."

ToADV. Thou art ever looking on the dark-
est side
Of all that does concern thee. This clamour
Of thy foes will cease when thon'rt exalted
'Ta> the Presidential Chair. Great Chieftain,
Let not thy mind thus brood o'er fancied ills,
Go to your chamber aod compose yourself.

{Exit Hero.
Alas, the Chieftain hath sudicient cause
Tor ids foreboding, — Every mail arrives
With some disastrous news portending ruin.
The land where once he triumpied o'er his foes.
Where shone the rtashee of his conrju'ring sv.ord,
Hath sealed adhesiim to bis rival's cause.
The land of Poiin, where late he was so strong.
From t^ast to West is now denouncing him.
Falsehood, and fraud, and art, have failed to win
Tlie generous sons of Boon to Hero's ranks.
These things so ominous of )ds defeat,
Admonish me to look about myself.
I must be banished from the Hermitage,
And wherefore, even Hero will notte.H.
To leave my fortunes chained to Hero's car,
Or cut them loose at once, behooves me to
Determine. But how to escape I know not,
Should I go -over to the enemy? —
Why they perchance, may spura Die from Ihcif

ranks, —
ThU mustfce maturely weijhed. [Er-l Ti^adu.

BUKR'S CONSPlR.4C'r.

Extract of a tttter from Judge JValhatiie!
fV, Wil/iams of rcnnessee.,to A'alhanul
JV. IF. Kerr, Bsq. dated the 1 Stii De-
cember, 1827.

"My Dear Sir: It in niailnes;; (o think
<>f" Jackson for President of the United
States. This Burr matter I cannot be
mistaken about; iny eyes and cars are^
my witnesses. IJe (Jackson) oHered
me a commission of Captain in Bun's
arm), or told mc I could get one if I
would accept; And during this affair
he said to me, in the presence of Judge

, (who though now says he does

not remember it,) depend upon it, gen-
tlemen, the division of. the U. States
has taken dee]} root; you will find a
number of the Senate, and a number
of the members of the House of Repre-
sentatives, deeply involved in this
scheme."

General Jackson lo Jttrige Williams.

Hermitage, Feb. 23, 1828.
Sir: Having received a lettcv from
a high-minded, honorable gentleman
from Virginia, who loves truth and
knows hoio to appreciate character, I lose
no time in laying before you the post-
script of his letter, which is in the fol-
lowing words, to wit: "It may be wrli
1 to say tiiat a letter was handed about
I at the .hlams Convention, I hear, accu-
sing you of being concerned in Barr"^
conspiracy, upon the authority of a
Judge Nathaniel Williams, of your
State. The report is, that this .Tudg^
Williams writes, when a young man,
he applied to you, then a Judge, (o
sign his license as a lawyer, that you
did so, but recommended to him, as you
conceived him to be a man of promise,
to push his fortune by joining Burr,
3c/io was then in your hmt.se, promising if
l;c would do so, to procure for him a
commission as captain in Burr's army.
This story is going (he rounds from tlie
Adams Delegates, who have returned
home, notwithstanding they ought to
know that you was the fh'st person to
put Governor Claibourn on his guard
against the schemes of Burr. VER-
BO.M SOT."'

The records of the country contra-
dict tliis statement, as it is well kno\m
that I resigned my appointment ot"^
Judge before Colonel Burr ever i«f.": 'V*

313

JACKSON'S COVSPIRACV.

the ■state uf Tennessee. I cannot, then,
for a moment, permit myself to believe
that you, elevated as you are. to a seat
on file judicial bench of Tennessee,
could give your authority to such an
unfounded fahohood. Duty to myself
ns well as justice to you, therefore, re-
quire that 1 should without delay, ad-
vise you of this libel upon my charac-
ter, so liiat you ni:iy at once declare
whether you are or arc not the author
of this calumny, before I expose it as
such.

I am, and have been, well advised of
a SPC"-:'t '(iinbiiiatiou of a base ami zcick-
edf'ii- in Ten.icssee, whose object is to
slander "lie, but, until itoiv, I iiave never
henrfi (,r had ihe least intimation that
yon were <S ihat gruup. Nor do I now
believe tliat you, who must be so well
satislied of the liiiischood contained in
tlie postcript of the letter referred to
above, as well as the rectitude of my
co-iduct since your acquaint;rnce with
me. could be so lost to virtue and to
/)•!(//( as to have originated and put in '
circulation so i^ase a calumny. With
this- impre«s!0'i I send J. VV. D. S. Don-
elson to you with this commu'iication,
having no donbt as an honorable man.
that you will send mc .a frank and
prompt reply.

(A copy signed.l

ANDREW JACKSON.
Hon. Nathaniel Williams,
Judge of the Cimdl Courts of Tennessee.

■Judge JVillianvi^ >'^P^y ''J ^''".■«. Jtirfcso)^
Sparta, Feb. 27, 1828.

After copying from Gen. Jackson's
letter to me, t'le report as stated in his
letter, I wrote as follows:

I can very frankly deny ever having
written the letter- spoken of by the gen-
tleman who wrote you from \Vashi!ig-
tpn, but I did write a letter to a relation
of mine, at that time in Richmond.
The letter, if seen woukfshow that it
was designed as a conlide;Uial one. 1
do not, at tiiis time, recollect accurate-
ly what the letter did contain; I believe-
though 1 can remember a part, if not
the whole, of what I intended at the
time; and I will state it, as it is but
just that what has been by any means
priva!el\ f^rcnlated. should be publicly

avowed under the necessities of this
case.

Some time after Burr had passed
Nashville once or twice, to the lower
country, before Mr. Jefferson's procla-
mation, in riding froin Gen. Jackson's
house to Nashville, General Jackson,
in reference to that conspirac}, or what
wns afterwards called by others a cou-
spi;-acy. said to me, "that I could if I
would accept it, obtain a commission
of Captain."'

Afterwards, during the setting of the
County Court of Sumner, at a time
when Patton Anderson told me that
either Burr, or Adair, or both of them,
were at General Jackson's house, in a
room of a tavern then kept by Edmu:id
Crutcher, General Jackson said to mc
— 1 think Judge Smart was then in the
room — '-Take notice, gentlemen, you
will find that a division of the United
States has taken deep root; you will
find that a number of the members of
the House of Representatives are deep-
ly involved in the scheme."

1 am not ^certain that the above was
contained in mv private letter to Mr,
Nathaniel Kerr; but as 1 have madi;
those statements privately, it is but just
that I should now avow them.

1 am in hopes, sir, that this lettei
w ill be altogether satisfactory to you,
for Gen. Jackson may be assured (the
presidential question aside) no man can
ieel more bound to General Jackson
tb;ri mvself, for the great honor confer-
red bv him on mv country.
(Copy,) NATH, W. U'lLLlAMS.

Gen. AxDREw Jacksox.

Under the belief that it is my duty
to m.ike the follewing statement,'' '[
make it. 1 moved to Nashville, Ti li-
nessee, from the county of Pittsylvania,
Virginia, in the fall of the year 1801.
at the age of twenty-live; that is, I
moved from Virginia in 1803, to IIa\.--
kins' court house, East Tennessee, and
from thert^ I removed to Nasinilic. In
1 GOG or 7, these Burr matters trans-
pired. I, before protesting against
Ihe proceedings of Burr, had been fre-
quently employed in General Jackson's
collecting business, and other suits of
his. I think in the spring or fall of
1800, in ridinc from tlie General's

BURR'S CONSPIU.U'Y.

313

house to Nashville, near the Clover
Botloni, he spoke to me in relnlion to
a commijsioti in Burr's army. And in
the same year, at Gallatin, he iiia<le
tile declaraiiuns ia rchuion to (he di-
vision of the Union, as stated in our
carrespondciice. I not only then de-
termined that I would not agree lo
what 1 believed to be Burr's schemes,
buL that [ would oppose him as iiir as
I cunld. Eitlier bjlore or after J\lr.
Jelferson's proi-lamaiion, it was, as i
thought, iiiteiidcd to impress the pulj-
lic mind with the bcliof, that a ball,
then on hand in Nasluille, was inlend-
cd as a mark of respect to f'ol. Burr.
A number of goiulemea in Nasliville,
to destroy this impression, and lo show
th.'ir dis:i|)prnl)ation of Burr, deter-
mined that Col. Burr should not at-
tend the bail, and so informed Colonel
Burr, lliroujjh .iitd'^e Jo!m Overton,
vvho returned witfi the information, as
he told me, from (?urr, that Burr had
declined coming lo the ball. ^Vith tbis
we were satisfted. About the lime the
ball was about half over, I was stand-
ing against the door of entrance to the
room, and saw Jackson lead Burr by
the arm into tiic room, and introduce
liim, with considerable form, to the la-
die? and gentlemen then present. I do
not recollect at lhi> time, that Mr.
Jefferson's proclamation had any ellect
on the persons tlu-n about Nashville,
who were from tlieir conduct justly
r.ai)le to our suspicior-.s, and I thiidi I
took some pains to ciKiuire into that
circumstance. Sometime afterward-:,
our party, lo show their further irdig-
va'ioii^ burnt B irr publicly in efiigy.
I have always believed that, daring
il:i> Burr matter, that Major Tiiman
Uixo.i informed me, by letter, that
Generi! Cofl'ee had been engaged in
pio.uring boats and provisions for
Burr, Oil Cum'.ierhmd river, though the
]<;tter, if there was one, I caimot now
fnid, and I have examined for it. It
was my uaderslanding at the lime, that
Colonel Stokely J). Hays, went oif as
one of Burr's men, in his boats, and 1
jiavc never heard it disputed since.
Colonel Hays is a nephew of Jlrs.
Jackson. Although I never was at
General Jackson's house, with Burr,
*et, I am tclerahlv well s,a!i';*ie(l. ac-

K

cording to my recollection at this time,
of occurrences then, that in the (all of
1806 and the winter of I 807, Burr and
(Jen. Jackson were very intimate, ant}
I hat Burr was freciuenlly at the Gene-
ral's house. The above is a statement
of the most prominent facts as they are
lixed on my recollection. If I am mis-
taken about any thing it is about dales,
and aboui them I do not pretend to ac-
curacy. NATH. W. WILLIAMS,

.J liii of the gentlemen in the ball room
at the time, and zvho were present in the
jjublic square af A^ashville, when Burr"
iDus burnt in 'ffigt/j as well as ?ioa) re-
collected.

G. ly. I,. Marr, K-^. attorney at law.
Win. Smith attorney at law, aud i>ow clerk
of llie Circuit Court of Williamson county.
Thos. .Sican, ofVa. attorney at law, Cdead.^
I>r. Ifalkins, of E. Ten.
Jolm G. Blowil, of N. C.
.htdi^e Forlcr, of Louisiana.
r. Tonsal, of Fitlsyhania OT. Va.
K. S. Hall.
Cttrry, former Postmaster at Nashville.

I am not certain that the gentlemen
referred to were present, if not they
can say, the greater part 1 am pretty
confident were present. I very well
know there were at the bnrning of the
eflitjy irom one to two hundred indi-
viduals. N.W. WILLI AM.S.

lETFURTIIER EVIDENCE ! IJI^
From the Louisville Focus.

Some facts relative to the connec-
tion of these gentlemen came within
my Imowledge, which I will now state
to the public.

I was at Nashville it December,
1806, seeking a passage down the riv-
er. I was shown two fine flat boats,
belonging to Col. Burr, in which he
was about to descend the river, and I
was advised to apply for a passage in
them. Disliking the association, I de-
clined it, and soon after t6ok a passage
in an open keel boat. AVe overtook
Burr with his fleets in the Ohio, con-
sisting probably of 40 or 50 boats —
flats, barges, keels, &lc. In the boat
with Col. Burr, I found Slokley D»
Hays, Esq. a young gentlem:'.n, who is
the nephew of (JiMi. Jackson, and who
was app;ircntly a member of the mili-
tary family, or an aid of Col. Burr. 1
was iiif'^rmed by Mr. Ha vs. that h" wa^
k

314

BVKK<^S COSPIRACY.

not eiit;aged absoJutd) and iincondi- go lurther in Bun'? project!-, than an
tionallv in the enterprise, but thai he ' expedition against Mixico: that he
Jiad .1 hitter from his uncle Jaik>on to' feared Burr and Wilkinson would take
GoA'. C'laiboriie, with whom he was to ' possession of Orleans: and that his
consult al Orleans, and then fniallv to : letter to Claiborne was intended to
delermine on his course. Duritig our prevent them from doing it. by putting
voyage, we were frequently in com- [ tlie city in a condition tor defence. —
pany with the (leet, occasionally pass- fie was willing al least to join in an
in'^ and-repassing each other. These ' unlawful expedition against Mexico.

JObEPH BUCHANAN.

REMARKS.

The foregoing documents have no

arc ;he facts, which came within my ;
owii knowledge.

I have had information from others, |
whi':'! I believe to be correct — that
Geiieral Jackson sent another of his room to doul)t the connection between
nep'iews with Col. Burr; that he en- Jacksox and Burr. How far Jackson
deavoured to induce other men to go w:is really possessed of Burr"; projocis,
with hiui: and that he superintended ' may be made a question: but that he
the buildi'ig of the boats for him, and ' was his associate or his dupe, is now
paid the workmen. most manifest. The veracity of judge

J have heard the late Col. Bruin, ^Villiams is not questioned, and Gen.
then judge in the Mississippi Terri-| Jackson, in his letter to him, treats him
tory, relate the following anecdote. — j as a man of good character. Besides
He lived in the Mississippi at the mouth this, he refers to circumstance; and to
of Bayou Pierre, and had been inti- 1 persons with so much particularity, as
mate willi Burr in the revolution. — ; would lead to certain detection, were
Burr landed al his liouse, aiid after v\-', he fabricating a slory.
chansiine salutations. &,c. judge Bruin,' The reader's attention is requested
handed him a papcj', just received from! to the letter of Gen. Jackson, and
Nalche?;, containing an account of Judge Williams's reply. They show
Wilkinson's preparations against him. ! the true character of the Hero, in a
He appeared to be very much sur- 1 strong point of light. In judge Wil-
prised and agitated bj' this news, ai.d i liams's letter to Kerr, no mentioi!
declared that Wilkinson Imd been as- ; wiiatever is made of the circumsta:ice,
soriiied with him in his projects and that tiie ofler of a coinmis-ion ie Burr's

had betrayed liim.

It has been said, that Burr had de-

army, was made, when \ViHiams ap-
plied to Jackson, as a judge, for a li-

ccived Jackbon, and made him behcvc.' cense to practice law. When Jack
that our government connived at Ids son writes to tlie judge for an explana-
prnject; and that when undeceived tion, he puts this matter forward as ;t
by the active measures of tiie Pre.!- principal circumstance, hanging the
dent against Burr, he abandoned him; others upon it. He then gives Wil
tnit It was after these measures, tliat.liams a plain hint, that as he had rc-
Burr was hospitably entertained at thc-lsigned the judgeship before Burr's ex-
Hertnilage, that the boats were de-' pedition, the stoiv could not possibly
fucred to him. and thai the nephew of: he true. It is plain to my mind, thai
tile General was sent with him on the tills part of (he story was thronn in. (e
expedition. All these were done too, 'invite a general denial from Williams,
afier the letter of Gen. Jackson to Gov. and cither silence tln^ story, or plac(
Clai';orne. in Novt'mber. Gen. Adair ; Williams in an awkward situation. —
manifestly considered Gen. Jackson as; But Williams seems to have perceived
acting the jvart iu)t of an undeceived the trick, and taken care to prevent
man, hut of a traitor to tlie project, ; it*i elVect.

lo save himself when he feared it' Ho had written no letter, such n^
would lail. ■ .the General represented: but lie had

The must favorable conslfuclion. I written a letter ionveyin<; the same,
dial can be put on till" conduct? of Gen. and a stronger im|>utalion upon tin
Jackson, is, (hot he was unwilling to General. What was Ihc charge «•»

nimR'S CONSPIRACY.

31»

•stated in tbe letter of Gen. Jackson?
It was this-

"You recommcnrleit loliim,as i/ou rntmivcd
him to be a man cf promise, li push Ids forhme
b;/ joining Burr, promisiiif^ him, if he vioidri do
,vo, to proeurefar him, a commission of captain in
Burr's army."

Williams replies, that he did not
miike tliis statement, in time and man-
ner as set out. But he tells General
Jackson that he had written to a
friend, asserting, that Gen. Jackson said
to him, in reference to Burr's plans,
^'•ke r,oulfl, if he KOidd accept it, obtain
a commission pf r/ipluin :" That he had
also written that Gen. Jackson had
said in reference to the same move-
ments:" ^'•Take notice gentlemen, yoii
vUl find that a division af the United
Sliites has taken deep root: Yon will find
'hat a numhrr of the members of the House
of Riprescniddves are deeply involved, in
the scheme.'''

The charge is, Jackson reeommended
him tojoin.promising if he would, to pro-
cure him a commission. The admis-
sion is: he eoi'ld if he toonld accept it,
obtain a commission. In substaiicc,
there is little variation between these
two allegations. The latter, in fact,
implies about all that is expressed in
the former. When one man says to
•inother, you can, if you will accept it,
obtain this or that, it amounts to a re-
commendation to lake, and an engage-
incnt to aid in obtaining.

But the second admission is of a
still more aggravated nature. It ac-
cuses Gen. Jackson of speaking, at
least with complacence, of a division of
file Union; and of asserting a knowl-
edge thai a number of public men'
were '•^invohcd in the scheme.''^ Now if
Gen. Jackson possessed this knowl-
edge, it was his duty as a good citizen
to have communicated it to the Presi-
dent. If he did not possess it, it was
highly criminal to make the assertion.
It was criminal because of its injustice;
and it was criminal as tending to mis-
lead those to whoih it was spoken, and
when connected with a declaration
ihat it had taken deej) root, as tending
■ilso to shake their confidei;ce in. and
atlarhmcnt to the Union. How does
*^5en. Jackson act in the two cases here

rc?cnted '

His Virginia letter contains but the
least ofFeiisive half of the chargee
against him. He sends a special mes-
senger with a blustering note, request-
ing an explanation. Denounces the
charge as "'on m founded falsehood,"' —
•V/ librl upon, his character;''' and calls
upon Williams to declare whether he
is, or is not, the author of the calumni/.
before he exposes ii as such. And then
in a more soothing tone, asserts his in-
credulity, tliat Williams "fot(/rf6p so lost
to virtue ami truth, as to have originated
so base a calunmi/." This call is made
on the 23d of February, 1828. On
the 27lh of February, Williams replies,
informing the General the charges he

jhad made. Tliese are in fact more

j serious than the one complained of. —
But docs any exposure follow frorh

I Jackson ? Not a word. Nothing is said

j of falsehood, or of "/Ac/," or of '■^cal-
umny.'' The General's indignation

I subsides, and he remains as cfuiescent
as a lami). How is it to be explained,
that in the one case, the General was
so rank for an explanation? So appar-
ently prompt to elfcct an exposure,
whilst in the «thcr he takes no steps
whatever? It seems to me, that but
one explanation can be given. In the
first case, the General expected to si-

I lence a witness: In the second case, he

! was afraid to provoke him.

How could any man remain silent,
placed in the situation that Gen. Jack-
son was pkiced in, by Williams's an-
swer to his note, unless he felt con-
scious that to stir a ste|) turther, was
to insure an exposure? A deep indig-
nation had been expressed at the sup-
posed imputation of a concurrence in,

! or comiection with Burrs plans. A

j reply is given avowing that the impu-
tation iiad l)cen m.ade. Was not this

I calculated to further provoke rather
than to conciliate? Did liot Ibis ad-
mission of making the charge render

«n exposure of its falsehood more ne-
ecssai-y? If it were injurious when
only whispered aljout, was it not more
ii'jurious when avouched and repeated
bv its author? It seems to me impos-
sible to read Jackson's note to Wil-
liams, .Tnd his reply, connected with
the inc\ o! Jackson's sub-^equofit si-
lence, witJiout feeling a conviction of

ska

BCRR'S CONSPIRACy.— KEIGN OF TERRQR.

Jackson's guilt. Had not the truth of! sword, is now actuallj in succtsffiii
Williams's stiiU-mcnt been iMf, atid a experiment. Force, armed military
consciousness prevailed (hat it could ' forte, is >-ubitiluted for art'uniri.t: the
be made out in proof. Gen. Jackson 'pistpl and the bhidgco. , are the logic
would have hurled back the inipula- introduced by the candidate for Sic
tion wit'i contempt and defiance. He j peaceful liorors of a free rjation. —
seems to have felt for once, that to j Threats of disupicn are ever, wbcrc
bluster further would avail nothing, 'sounded, (he prcat majority of the >ico-
andthat in this case, ti)ere v. as reason pie are to he bullied ii;to submission
to apprehend, "/n(M 7vas mighty aniJ ^\iy dhhnna^ A rddicrs, mcp of biokr-n
KoukI prevail." for'u'ies and (erocioik; character, (he

Wclr-arn that since judge Williams's; wrecks of war and parties, traired
publication was made, a MOB of He- at d disciplit.ed bv demagogues, as
roites have attempted to commit vio- reckless and desperate as themselves!
le-ce upon his habitation and upo» Nay, treason- speaks in our Icgisla-
liim'ielf. This i< all in cliara'-ter. It tive b^lls, ar« the ermine of (ho judge
is in imitation of the Hero's former is begrimod with its pollution. Ti^cse
courses, and agendo fore(aste of what arc fearful things, but they are true!
may be expected, should he be made Let the [leoplc look to it. They arc
President. i eagerly, but (lioughtlcssly. lending

themselves to cslablish (God grar.t it
— t^Qr^^-» may not be perpetual!) "a r.Eicx or

j TERROR," in the procress of which, the
THK REIGN OF TERROR. i mo^t obnoxious measures of Xhi'.fdrral

The exiravaganccs which hurled the adnunistration, will he reverted to and
late John Adams, from the government [regredcd, a* models of mildness, for-
of this nation, if not (he result of hon- ! bcarance. and patriotism.
fist intentions, were at least veiled nii- ; These romrnks have been suggested
dcr legal or constitutional forms. — by one of the most outrageous and sav-
They were, however, properly dc- age acts of barbarity, which have dis-
no'inccd by (he people, and the brief graced our annals,
jieriod of their existence was properly; General Jackson and his parlizar.s,
denominated "the reign of terror.'' have frequently been charged with in-

Then we were jealous of our rulers. } temperate and oppressive conduct: but
All that smacked of restraint, whether j the recent attack upon old Dr. Arm-
it regarded person, property, or opin-^ s'rong, for cxprcsing his views, in re-
ioi;. was deemed hcrrtiral, and free- lalion to the PresideniinI contest, is rot
doni of speech and of the press,, were exceeded, if it can be parallelled, in
the V. atch-words of Amciican?. ,Tlie I the records of cowardi'-e am! atrocit).
subjection of the military to tirc civil] His letter is here introduced, and

power, was a part of oar political
creed. The appearance of a soldier,
was sutHciont to waken our sensii)ili-
ties, and "standing armies," '■military
oppressions," and the '-rights of man,"
rang througii every city, town, and
hamlet. These, thoiigii (he danger
iniiiht be over-rated, were auspicious
omens lor our land. They evinced to
t!ie world, that we knew and appreci-
ated our rights.

speaks volumes in recard to the system
wliidi is prepared for us, but u:;der
wiijch, ii is to lie hoped, we arc not
destined to live.

Copy M a lotlrr from DK. JAMF-S L. -VaM-
P'lr.ONG, niilluir of "The Tcnnc5«fiin,'
ilatwl '-UaviOi Mill;, Bcdroril Co., Icnn.,
ITlh July, 1328.

"In thp 3il No. of tl:n Tcnnes<ran, I have fnid
':liat I was i'.fr.\iit of Iho dapjrrj anil [•i=lols of
Gen. .Inckson'= a5=as5in«.' This has l)e.-n \ct-

Wliat to an unprejudiced mind is the I ofi""''- O" yrsterday, about I2 o'clork. four
a':nect now Drcscated' The p;^.,,,.,. men rodr up to my ?lio|i,pot down n:i,l wrnt m.
. I"-" ' """, prcst.ucu . 1 lie piQiuic ^ , ^.„^ f\um,. j,, n,,. fmnt niiuza of d)v <l«illfiii

a' _

is reversed.

fearfully lool

What was once, only j house. nnd"?aw thr.m. Pnroosinir tlipin to be
d to a* the s',frnal, m . men who miphf have husinr-? with me, I leli

w'-Vh CNcrv freehand, from Georgia j ''''' 'l""'^' 7'"'7';^"":|;^'""'',;'"^ l^T^^^^^

,, . Ill .1 I uiv shoD, almost 150 yaros distaiu. I hr ;i«5a>-

to Maine, would iiave grasped (he sins had seated themselves in the back room ol

REIGN OF TERROR.

Sir

nav fho;/, with tliejr bncks towards me, two be- ' Has it como to this? tliat an Ameri-

inV ot, each suie of the door. As soon as 1 had ^^^ j^^^ ^^^ ^,^ ,^j^ .. ^

cnterea and discovered who they were, i was . . j r u it i

convinced some outraice was intended. Tiic as- llic Hazard o! hiS lile?

s3s.«iiis were by name, MALCOM GILCHRIST, j That OH SUCl) exi TCise of llis riglits,

rrom Alabama; JESSK TAYLOR from the ,,,p .;^^,,, ^^ ^ inilitaiv aspirant,

wcMern (lis'.rict of Tennessee; and WILLI A.M J ,,. , , •' I'""'"-)

GILCHRIST and ARCHIBALD YF.LL, from t are to beset his house,a..d pour out his

Sh< Ibyville, Tcnn. On caslins my cjes around, blood tjpon his OWn lieart'istone.

I discovered that th.y were arn.ed with large ; gi,^,, ,^^j ^^^ [^^ entilicd to its immu-

clubs ; and also in tlic breasts of several, I coulil
cee the hanifles of dirks and piftole, cspecialiy
the as'assin Yell. This is the same Ycil wlioi-.
a ineiuber of our legislature, and figured as tlie
Jackson bully ;it the last session. He is the
same Yell who certified for Parrish, that I was
the author of the ' Tenncsscan," and procur-
ed certificates against the character of John
Woods. These fellows very soon produced a
paper, which they said I must sign Perceiv-
ing; it was their intention to force mc to sign
soinething disgraceful, I told them I was un-
armed and alone, and that it ivasvery unfair to
be thus set upon in mi/ oirnhoiae. .At this time,
1 was standing near tlio back door of my sliofi,
.and had time to reflect that there was a neigh-
bor who livt-d about three hundred yards dis-
tant, acro's the crrck, where there was probably
.some company, and also v. here I might procure
arms to defend mj self. I dete.-mined to risk be-
ing shot rather than sign the paper, — which I
did not see, not i^o I now know its contents. — I
Seeing me disinclined to look at the paper, one ;
of them swore 1 should sign it, or he would — at '
this moment, believing from the movements of I
the parly, that they certainly designed to assas- 1

'itiate rae, 1 sprung out of the" iionse, and rcirea- 1 they cannot lie : and they arc altogeth-
led as fust as I coul.l, to DaTi^•s Store— the | ^r worthy of the Calm consideration of

.as.sas-ins follnwed me rapiilly. One of them, ,, i r i ji j i-

•(Malcolm G.!ciivis(,) who lives in .A:abama. I t]}r' '"^er of truth, and his counliy.
Iiad been selef-led to perform the deed.

nines? Are not grey hairs to be a pro-
tection atjainst the violence of mffiar.s?
The faullering limbs of a f.vthkr and
GRANDFATHER, a sufficient safeguard?

AMERICANS! will you not pause?
Have you no apprehension for your-
selves: your families: your children? —
If such deeds are perpetrated by your
idol and his followers, without right, or
the shadow of authority, what are you
to expect, wlien jou shall have invest-
ed them with power?

Reflect tiien, while it is not jet too
late: consult your judgments, not your
passions. Scan the merits of those
who aspire to your confidence: their
experience, and their character as
PUBLIC servants and private citizens.

Facts, can be ascertained by all:

This The measures of the present Admuiif-

fcUownort pursued me in front of t.he others, ' Oration, are such as have distinguisiied
and iu endeavouring to diaw hio piotol l.-orn h:s 1 ,, i . ■ i r it j

breast, I.e dropt and lo^t .t. The pistol has i ^^"^ ^cst periods of oiir liKstoiy, and arc

ince been found, arul was heavily loaded— and {those, which a Vast majority of thc

it is now in my posscisitm. On the return of people have repeatedly Sanctioned. —

One or two, selected as objects of cnvtl,
havt;been misrepresented by the oppo-
sition; het the t eminent acts of the
govermneiif, are surh as canrot be as-

thc assassins i:^ their horses, a crippled youth
■•ho was near my 'hop, sawthirin looking Ibrit,
■.ml heard the .^■liow say how he had lost it.

I was pursued :icro5s the river and in attempt-
ing to climb the bank on the other side, the two
Oucfirisis overtook me and knoclced rae down
with their ri'ihs. and would surely have killed
mc, if Mr. L'avis, and a number of other men
ha I not come to my relief. I am nW, a. id Ijave
f;rand-r!nidrrn, — the assassins were a// compar-
atively J'oun^ men.

I am bruised and mangled all over, and my
brad is cut to the skull, .ind am just able to

holil my pen, and cannot do this sub)ect justice, I ,• ' .i,„.. „'„ v„ I...fl;i»l« ,• .i,=n „('
as ! feel a considerable weight and" concussion ! '"'•"' "'^••'-' P^" t^f Utt little C.^USC of

I dilierence. It is tlioielore, a contention
! in regard to m-.n ; and their adaptation

sailed with safety, for they .ire com-
pletely Qxcfi in the favour of the peo-
ple ; mid ihe 'rppofilmi pl€'lp:r. themspkes
to Oieir nuppoti', as an vicciilive to publv'
i.onfifJmrr.

tJpon the ground of general policy,

of the braic.

On last Monday mor!iitiglwa« in Shelbyvillo, I
procuring documents to write a iS'o. on Genera) ]
.Lickson's intimacy with Bnrr. This no doubt j
these fellows had beard, and it was dolermincd ,
to put me out of the way, or dissroce me.-
Thank God, they have not, as yet, done cither. I

Hut I really cnsidcr ni) life in danger, and' \„ (V,..l„-.l.. , '.„^i.^A ♦!,-,* V'..

therefore suppo,e I shall be compelled to desist i"l-'^ ''« feaile^K i.^ei led, that H.r.
irom giving iufonnation to the people relative 1 ^ 'lams is unas.-sailable. Without en-
10 Gen. Jackson. As a parting word, 1 a.-k mv | .cring into detaih. it is sufficieit tO

^T'I^i^S7l^:^:t^^:'^ l:r i l-»^ •« the his.ory of our country, (i,r
President. JAMES L. ARMSTRONG." 'upwards ot thirty years past, where

i to c:v!L GOVErtNMi'NT, and standard
I of CHARACTER, bccome questions of
t jjreat interest.

Upon tbese two .grounds, then,

SIS

RKIGN OF TERROR.

his name is found identified wilii even | A Boyhood

measure, leiidiiin; lo hcrpro-pcritj and | Of idleness and ignorance, and ofchar-
gloiv. Tiiis will not, cannot be coti-jacter so equivocal, that his partiznns
tioverlcd. I claim for him. as the first step in hero-

His personal chamcler, from his i'^m. the distinguished merit of /-f/i/^ui^/
cradle upwards; through youth, man-i'^ <#« "/ *'>'^' ''''":/' '" « British nibal-
hood a:id ai;e,in the seclusion of study, I '^'■"•
the calm and unohtrusive scenes of do- 1 A Ioltw,

mestic life, or the perplexity and nnx- 1 ^'^i^rked by the habits and fate of a
ietics of public alfairs, has been \Tith- , 'pendt'inff; improvident, reckless, and
out slain, and unsuspected. It may i ""-cHled.
be doubted, whether any character,! -^ Manhood.

Stained by violence, proftigacy, seduc-
tion, bloodshed, and almost treason.
Advancing age, and an extended

in any age, has been subjected to a
scrutiny more intense, severe, and re-
le.itless, than that of JOHN QUIN-
CY ADAMSjandit will bedifliculttoi^iere of .iction, has not (ailed to

point to one, that has come brighter l*^''''''^'^ <l'e maturity of this coml.nm-
from the trial! * tion of vice. Public favour, the tern-

Safe, in the possession of a good con- PO'-J'y ^^'-^ve of adventitious victory in-
science, he wields the destinies of the ".'^''"'''-V a'dcd, by a resort to a systen.
nation, with the wisdom and virtue of °'^/'^«''"f ''^"""dalwn, liave kept Uic
the nolilesl Roman, in the best da^s ofil"^°P <^ ^''"'^ *« "'''"->' enormities. Ev-
the republic. He has supported the if>' '^•'^>" however, strengthens the evi-
honor and dignity of his country, rey. i'^cnce against hmi: and crckltv, viola-

crenced the jaw^, preserved our insli- h"*"' °' ^"^ ■'"''' ""''?' '''''^»'-^^'">
tutions from the vi.flence of faction and "vnocRisv. tvranvv and oppress.ox.
y „i ,i,„,„u ,u , „ ,-, 'area 1 fastened upon him. bv TESTIMONY

treason: and though the storm stnl , . , ,- i i i*^ j •• ■

„ - ^ . •, w iich falsehood and cunnins; caxn'ot

waicnes its progress. ' '^

F.VADE.

That these various charges may not
be attributed to mere declamation let
us examine the evidence.

For the history oC his youth his hi
ographers may be safely cwnsultcd,
and thev establish the facts, which have

vages, he calmly waicnes its pi
and parries against its dangers. But
^vho is it, in the day of peril, that ^'c
would substitute for this irreproachable
•man?

The very reverse, certainly. No
two individuals were ever more un-
like: i\lr. Adams' history is known from 'been asserted.
Jiis infancy, and he has stood l>tfoie M ^^>I„)0D:

the people, for more than half his lil'e.j ]. f'iolnicc.—'^ce tiie letter of Col.
r-mployed in their service, (ieneral | Benton, detaiUng the attack upon him
.Tacksoii, until his forlunatc career as a |,ind his brother, by (lencral Jackson
soldier, was not known Ueyond the ; and some of his friends. Al>o. the in-
precincts of his adopted slate; and .fended violation of the Senate Cham-
there, he was never distinguished for l)cr. onlv prevented by llie firmncs-^

one qualification, fitting him for civil
life. One !)ri!liant action, at the age

md patriotism of Decatur.

2. Prnflirrncji and Sr<hicliu>i. — STlic

of fifty years, introduced him to the records of a court of Jtistice, added fe
notice and fivonr of hi< <outilry. This
was natural and projier; but when

gratitude was converted into adulation,
and the monstrous attempt conceived,
of pk'.cing him at the head of the gov-
orimKMit, it became indispensible to
ticrutinize his qualitications and char-
acter: lo look into tJie obscurity in
which the lirst half century of his li/e
had been involved. — ^nnd what dpesthe
investigalien unfold?

a host of witnesses, among wl*om Ihc
VICTIM HERSELF may be now found, at
his own fireside, snfliciently attest this
enormity and could Robarps rise from
the dead, his tale of wo, would not ren-
der if stronger.

3. BloodshciL — It is not nece:(ssary
ta invoke the ghost of the lourdered
Dickinson to appear and suhstaiiliatf
tiiis charge. I^ie testimony of living
witnesses and honorable meri, is a!

REIGN OF TERROR.

ai»>

ready before the public ; and comment

is umiccessary.

4, Ahwsl Treason. — Read the letter
of Judge Nathaniel WilHams, detailing
tlie intimacy of Generajl Jackson, and
the Arcb-traitor Burr. Remember the
memorable words of General Jackson:
<'2ft/rt notitt gentlemen, y(M xeill find thai
a dizision of the United Statea has taken
deep root.'' Mark these words, and the
conduct of his most violent advocates
NOW. If further proof be wauling, it is
to be found in the absolute tender, to
Judge Williams by General Jackson, the
commission of a Captain, in Burros army.
Matuue ac;k.

1 . Cruelly. — Indian captives deluded

and hung in cold blood. Defeated, sheep's clothing

of having their wives and childreir
starved, and half their nation butcher-
ed, were anxious to bestow upon Gen-
eral Jackson, a tract of country, nine
nfiles ill extent. The baseness of the
transaction was too evident, and it was
scouted from the Senate house. See
also, the history of the land speculatioir
connected with the heirs of Allison.
5. Hypocrisy. — Is it lieccssary to en-
ter into any other evidence than what-
lias been detailed to show that Andrew
Jackson, is not a religiow; man? surely
not. And yet he sutlers the Rev. D,
Ely, to trumpet him forth as a professor
of religion, and a pions, peaceful disciple
of Jesus Christ. Beware oi' wolves in

supplicating, and terror stricken foes,
put to the sword. His fellow soldiers.

ril) and illegally shot, after peace was'

6. Tyranny and 0//pression. — See the
laws enacted by Gen. Jackson, when

Woods, Harris, and others unnecessa-1 Governor of Florida. The officer of

a foreign, and frieiully power violated"

declared, and with tiie shouts of joy lorn from J«s family, in the enjoyment
and victory, ringing in their ears, min- of domestic privileges, and imprisoned-
^d in imagination with the cries of in a dungeon; his papers seized, guards-
ihe widowsand helpless babes!! | placed over his house, and insult hea

2. Violation of ihe laws. — The civil Iped upon injury.

power put down at New Orleans by! This then is the character of the in-
martial la\r, under the plea of expedi-j dividual, who is sought to be made the
eney, a legislative hall, closed by bayo- ; guardian of the persons, property and
nets, and garrisoned by soldiers. The ' lives of American citizens! May that.
Habeas Corpus- iau-,Tnost shamclasly out- \ time be far off! Tiie struggle is be-
rogcrf, and the Judges who dared, to.tween wisdom, virtue, character and
protect the riglit of the citizens impris-t patriotism, and presumptuous ignoi-
oned,and threatened with death. And.ancc, reckless, degrading immoralityj
lastly an honest and patuiotic free-' and selfish desire of jiower. Between
MAN almost forced to the HALTER, | enlarged, liberal views of governmen.;
and only saved hy the mercies of a! calculated to raise us to honor andim
military commission.* jportancc, and a narrow, wretched poli-

3. Profanity. — See the letters of T. I cy, looking onh' to ephemeral popular

H. Shelby to Col. Todd, for a horrible
example of this vice. "WHY GOV-
ERNOR, GOD DAMN it, DID NOT
YOU SAY THAT YOU WOULD

ity, local and personal advantages, the
gratitlcalion of base passions, or a mis
erable desire of revenge. In fact, the
crisis cannot be misunderstood. The

GIVE .>'300,000!" "Why Governor, j habits acquirements, and materials ol
GOD DAMN MY SOUL, if you did the two parties are totally dissimilar,
not say so!" '-Go Governor, BY GOD i and a few able,and designing, and dis-

I will make the treaty without you."

4. .ivaricc. — See the same letter,
containing the strongest circumstantial

appointed men, would exterminate all
that we have deemed venerable, digni-
fied and U'^eful, and-subslitute lor fhat

evidence, that General Jackson, tuidcr, eminence, which a free pfople, should .
his situation as a commissioner, was en- j always accord to worth and talents, a
deavoring to secure a large tract of i miseni.ble equality, only worthy of the
Valuable land (or hiinsc fend his friends, inifiidiiin of Paris, in the days of Jacob-
Look into the Creek treaty, whcre+ism, and which draws no distinction be-
thcse wretches, grateful for the favor | tween the accidental achievement of

"" animal fourcgr and brute force, a'ld th'~

L'Jua^Ucr's c.xposiUo.n.

/

3S0

REIGN OP TERROn.— M4.DISON & JACKSON.

order, resulaiity, and beauty, resulting
from ih.^^uiiiibrm, and auspicious oper-
ation of an ENLIUHTENED MIND.

XENO.

MADISON & JACKSON.

AH wlio wsh t.j uiiilf r«taii(t why Ouii. .lack- ^^
,011 ciuertaine.l but a poor oi.iiuon of l'''*''';'""M an
Miulisoi', in.1% Hnrt m exnlaiiulii.n in the loMow- 1
iDgUiiciiiufUt, which,

exc^^)t so f;ir as le! ■
de Ti.iifard.

Tliese documeots have bissii a.:
nied wilh a ?tnieraenl, thut od the o'l. ...
MRrch, the writer of the |/jhlicalicri of
the3J of Maioh, Mr. L"uaill.er, a tiiem-
lier o{ the Legislature of the stale of
Louisiana, ivas arrcslfl \>y your orucr,

th' |.eo-)le rule, ought long since to havo been

. . . „ . ,...jd confined in the barr;icks; that on the
:;'~::i";:;'Xc -mc day. Mr. IL,I:. .be distnct j^a^e

before the pubhc.

De/m.t.^ent of H'ar, April nth, tSlo.
Siu_-A« soon as the lir=t credible ac-

issued a Hibeas Corpus, in tne c.\6e ot

Mr. Louaiiiier, but before the writ was
served, the Judge himself was arrested

^,,^_-„- 3„.... ,._. .... j by your order, for ireuing it, 6. conducted

xounl of pe:ir.e was rt-ceived at Washing- \ under a strong guard to the barrackr; that
ton, a letter stating the fact w;u addressed \ ^^ (|je sth of March, .Mr. Dick, llie At
to you from this Dep.utment, dated thetoiney of the Inited States, having ob-
l6th of February, and as soon as theltajoed frora Mr. Lewi.s as :eiale judge, a
treaty of peace w:'? raiitied by the Presi-j„rit of Habeas Corpus, in the case ol
dent and Si-nate. the event was commu-'jmjge Hall, which vvas served upon you,
nirated to you in another letter, dated i he was arrested by your oider. ar.d lodg-
17th February, with instructions fox the Ld in the barr.icks; that Judge Hall was
disposal of theforce under vour command. I reie;,ced on the 12th of .March, but was

cw
in-

disposal 01 ine loict; uuuc-i >"ui ....Mini."..". ] i.t.i(j;i^,^u (.ui im: i-iu «» ..*.;..,.., .^ .. .
It is regretted, tlmt any accident should I eg<-orled to a place out of the city ofN
prevent'" the delivery of either of those ! Orlean.^. with orders not to return until ...
letters in due course, but I presume, that ' formation of peace was officiady receiv-
ooth of them have lung •inct reached Ld, and oaicially announced; ami that Mr.
your hands, and that the instructions have , Dick was released on the same day, and
been carried into effect. I permitted to remain in toivn, but with oi-

I assure you. sir, that it is a very pain- : ders to report himself from day to oay,
ful task, to disturb for a moment, the en until discharged.

joyment of the honorable gratitication
which you must derive, as well from the

From these represcntuliuns, it would appear,
that the judicial power ol' the United itattihai

which you must derive, as wen nom w e — -.^^^j;^,;' .iberty of the pre., has been
consciftusness of Ihc great service.* ."'"' | syspgnjej, ami the consul ai.d subjects of a
you have rendered your country, as trom I ,^jp,„lly j-ovemment, liave been expos u to
'he ext)re'<«'ons of anprobalion and ap-i <;rcai mconveniencu by th.jcKerci;(: uf military
plause, which the nation has bestowed on force and comman,!. The Pre,i.lei-t v.e,v. the
those services. Cat repre^^entations have
been recently made to the Fresident, re-
specting certain acts ol military op]x>si- ; lug n.onvesui juui ...j..""--., ...- ..---.- •--■■■

lion to the civil ma<ri,.tr.ite, thai leuuireuiiy decision, or even expression oi an ooiiaon
tion 10 me cnii m.'o'" • ■ ,,.. ,„,ou the casein hopes, th.it such explanaUons
immediate attention; not only ''^ '""''^■'- 1 "^ "be afforded, as^vl!l reconcile bis sense of
tion of the just authority ol ihe l.iws, but i ..'.. . . .. - .— r „„„c..(..„o^

subject in its present aspect, with .-iirprise una
solicitud*;; but in the absence of all iiii'or.oa-
tion from yourself, relative to your cou.luct. &i
the n.otives of your conduct, he abstain.^ Iroin

IJluy uc «.*v..v.^", —

..„..„. J ^ I 1,^1,!^-., (l.-ty, with a conliiiuuncc of conliileDCC

to rescue your own conduct from all un- j „.(,ieh he reposes in your yuJ^mcnt, discretion,
merited repio.irh.

There has been tiv.nsuiitted In the Fres

ident, copies of the letter of .Mr. Heed,
your aid-de-c;:mp, to the editor of the

and patriotism. He instructs uie, thorel )rr,
to reouest, (hut von will with all possible ilis-
patcli, transmit to this departiu;'nt, a full re|)ort
ol" ti.e transactions which have been stnu-il.—
And 111 lb., lueuii time, it i' presumed, that all

..... .r ...:l:...... .....tm.W,. I,.,.

your aui-ue-c;:ini>, u> u!c cvi,,,/. ..• •■"- ; /v„ii m ine lueuii iime, ii i- picjuim.., ...... ■■■

Louisiana Courier, dale i the 'J 1st Feb. of Jexfraordinarv csertionof military authority ha
vn.ir General Order, dated the aCth Feb. cc.nsea,iiiconsequcuceoflhecc-salionofall.lan
yourUeneril uiuci, u.uiu i , ,^ Lrer.oi.cn orcovert.uiH.n the rcsloratio-i of peace,

.-cotiimaiulmg certain iMCnchsubjec, to !,<■^»I^'-p^^^.,^_^^^,^;^ „,^ ,^t,k^ „.is op-

retire from New -Orleans; ol a pubhci ' |j^,j,i,„jtj, of requesting' that a <:oiioiliatory dc-
lioo in tlie Louisiana Courier, of the 3d ; p„rtmont may be observed towards the stite au-

of Mardi, under ^^ ^f^^u^.S^^^^:^^'^^^^^^
niadveHingu|io', the gen. order, the order 1,|_^_., ^^^ i„.r defen.e and safety, and that
of the.'ithof March, enforcing the older ol | ,|„.,,, v, ill be no disposition in any pirt ol thena-
Ihe '8th of Febrnnrviof voui letter of ■ tionio review with sevent) the efTorts ..l .a eom-
tne -om Ol r..i-i 11.11 _, . . ,1,.. .,„ I ,,,„„i,.r letineinucr - solunpirrclleled dilTicuI-

the null ol February, a.inoiincii.;^ the uu^ |.'",-'';;;:„^,;'',?;^'';;;",.„ of the' purest p ..notism.
oflictal intelligence of peace, a0<l ol a oil J' 'i ^u, ^.,^^ry respeclfnilv, your obe't servant,
GeneralOrdcr. of the 8,th t,t March, sus- j a. J. DAI I.AS, ActijigSco'y.ofW.nr

ocndlnirth" order of the -JStb of F>b IM;,; (> • .\ V-.cksox

^■■nnMniita

TiiUTH'^ ADVOi.;ATE

AND

MONTHLY ANTI-JACKSON EXPOSITOR.

CINCINNATI, OHIO, SEPTEMBER, 1828.

VINDICATION ■ lis now, as he ever was, n Federalist,

OF THE POLITICAL CONSISTENCY OF using this apficllatioii in tiie party and

JOBK QUXMCY ADAMS.

The character of a renegado, reli-
gious or political, is so justly and uni-
versally despised, that the readiest ex-
pedient to destroy our enemy, is to
endeavour to lix upon him this stigma.
There is nothing, however, more esti-
mable in the character of any individ-
ual, than that ingenuousne-^*, whicii is
ever ready to exatiiine the evidence on
which his o|)inions are formed, and to
renounce them as soon as they are dis-
covered to he erroneous. The dispo-
sition is however, so general, to impute
(o .ictions the wor.-t motives, that it { prospects and to those of' the country,

odious sense. We therefore see, almost
weekly, the same papeii? in one column
accusing Mr. Adams of apostacy, and
in the iiext asserting that he never
changed his opinions.* It is, however,
admitted on all hands, that atter the
winter session of Congress. 1 307 — 8,
Mr. Adams acted with the llepubli-
can administration, and one of the
strongest proofs of his adhesion to the
Federal paily at any time, bears date
April, 1807. Therefore, if he evw
went from one party to another, it was
between Apiil, 1807, and January,
1 808. Let us look then, to the situa-
tion of Mr. Adams at that period, to his

requires the higiirst degree of moral
courage, to openly renounce opinions
long and pal>licly maintained.

(Villi these brief preliminary re-
hiarks, we will show to every candid
mind, that Mr. Advms never changed
his political opinions, or political
course, ar.'d thai lie never entertained
any opinions hostile to the Republican
parly or Republican principles; and
that, if he had changed his opinions, at
the time, and under the then state of
things, the very circumstances of the

and the great parties into which it was
then divided, and see under what cir-
cumstances that change was made, if
change there was.

Immediately after Mr. A. returned
from his mission at Berlin, at the first
election, (April, 1802,) he was chosen

^'From the Bostnn Statesman, the Inading
Jackson paper in Massarhusetts, the Kdit.or of
which, eleven years sincp, edited a Federal
paper: — " Mr. Adams's conver^iion. U'hen
and AVHERE, did this wonderlul event take
case" would hrive been sufficient to:P'"'=^- When imd Whi-re did he 'jecome

I convened to Republicanism? WheU St Paul
was converted, we t.-nov tlir lime and place. Jt

have satisfied any mind not predispos-
ed to condemn, that his conduct was
the result of the higliest and most ex-
alted sense of duty. But we need not
the aid of this last defence; a consis-
tency unbroken, needs no adventitious
support.

Amongst those whe charge Mr. Ad-
ams with apostacy, there is so much
discrepancy, thai thatalone,in ordinary
cases, would be a sufficient refutation
of the charge ; and some ol those who
have been loudest in this charge, have
found it so difficult to obtain any evi-
dence to support it, that they have alto-
gether quit (his ground, and say thai f^^t.'^Z/J^Tol't''''''-''' '^^' ^''- r^T'
?, , , ' , o ' r . ""' ""' consider VQRt te was rcnjuntin!' reder<i

l>Ir. Adams has rot changed: thathe'aiism

was when he was on a journey to Damascus.
But on what journey was Mr. Adams wlien the
scales fell froin his eyes? It will be dij)irall to
Jix the fame and place and even to establish the
SArr of his ctnversion fir the truth is 0:^/=Hn

NEVER Din RENOUNCE THE POLITICAL PRIN-
CIPLES, in which he had bet- n educated, ami
which he cherish.ed with ardour aud maintained
bot^i by profession and practice, until he
leached Ujc meridian of life. J. Q. Adams ia
a consistent j)otiUcian, in respoct to liis priiici-
phs, whatever he nifiy be in relation to bis
friendships. He is the same man in pnncipk
NOW that he was in (he beginniui: of his conrsc.
Mr. Adams's Iriends fix the perind of his conver-
sion, at the time of his vote in faior of the em-
bargo." This, the writer cont< nds was not the
ca-.e, and says: "There art also some fatts

322 VTXmc VTTOV OP THfl POIJTTCAl CONSlSTEN(?VOF

by the Federal party, Senator to the i he had done so — rather than reproacl:
State Legislature. At the next winter he would deserve Irom h'n couutry all
session, he was elerttd by thai party [the gratitude duo to llio>e, who in de?-
in llie Legislature, a nieirber of ihCiperate extremities hazard their all for
Senate of the L'nifed States, and thus | their country. For it was amidst tlie
the earliest occasiens were sought by 'shadows aDd darkness which then ovcr-
that party, to bestow on him their high- 1 spread the land, that John Q.Adams
est honors and oflices. Tlii= party, i and Samuel Dexter, ijreasted the lury
also had the control of the Harvard j of the tempest, and those who were
University, and by them he was elect- then in New England, know how much
ed professor of Rhetoric, with a liberal ; is owing to these tAvo individuals, that
salary, and with hbertv to retain his : our country passed unharmed through
seat in the Senate of tiie United Slates: those disastrous days. At the very
a liberty never allowed to any other moment too, when IMr. Adams is al-
professor. When Mr. Everett accept- j Icged to have apostatized, that party
ed his. seat in Congress. tlie corporation , which he was opposing, he well knew
inunediately declared his professorship would eject him from office, as they
vacant, and elected a successor. At, did do at tlie next session of the Legis-
or about this tirae also, the Presidency lalure. His defence of the admi:)is-
of the University was ollercd to Mr. tration of ^Ir. Jefferson, in his embar-
Adarns. Thus, "if it was pos*ii>le to; go letter, and his attending the caucus
chain a man to them by favours, and by j which nominated Mr. Madison, evinced
the assurance of every honor at the i his determination U> do his duty, fear-
disposal of the party, they had taken, less of personal consequences,
the readiest mode to attach Mr. Adams To prove Mr. Adams" apostacy, no
to their party. The prosptcts of this atlempt has ever been made to -I ow
party loo, were (hen very briglit. The that he acted with the (\epnbUcai' p \r-
face of affairs of 'the country, wcrcjty; this Was too evident to re',u're
then embarrassed: war, and its atten- proof; but the whole attempt has been

dant tiixes and destruction, threatened
to pursue in tlie train of ttie embargo;

to siiow that he was once a Federalist.
Now we ask, if such had been the

.and the threatening cloud did not dissi-j case, would it he possiid^ that those
pate, until it had expended its thunder- 1 who alleged this fact, would he com-
bolis and deluging torrents over our pelled to search over nearly forty ) ears
land. New-England became united I of his life, nr.d then onh find llirec or
against the administration, and the | four isolated facts, on wl.ich to build,
calculating politicians of New-Y»rk, j and at last to rely more on his descent
were ready to join the northern league. I from John Adams, than on any other
Anl l!ie downfall of Mr. Madison and fact? But the fact on which more
his administration, was predicted, with i has been said than on any other, is his
assurances almost amounting to cer- having signed the proceedings ol a
taiiity. Was this then the |>eriod for [ Federal meeting, as chairman: good
an ambitious man to quit a rising pav- 'prima fiuit evidt-nce, unquoslionably.
ty, ready to bestow on him all their | We not only admit this, but that he
honors, and join one who were not wil- also attended another Federal caucus;
liim to jgdge him by his acts, but who and we will show that his object on
coiilinned for the first two years i^flerlboth of these occasions, was any thing
his return, to ineet him with the coars-' rather than party ends, and that no
est party abuse in advance, because he ; stronger evidence can he adduced ol
hiTppened to be son of John Adam-, his wish to sustain llip Republican
whom the uninitiated partizans of the ' system, than these two caucusses otl'er-
d;iv, supposed was the leader and a,ed. The truth is, that Mr. Adams
liivorite of the Federal party ?— Vet [ never wa* a Federalist or a Refubli-
surh was the lime, :uid under such | ca\, in Uie parly sense, liut was al-
circumstanccs, Mr. Adams is alleged j ways a Fiperal Rxn ulican in the
(0 have .lultted the Federal, and lo 1 constitulional sense: that is, a warm^
Ijavc joined the Democratic parlv. If'fiiend of the Republican system of

JOHN QtilNCY ADAMS.

323

government, and the federative princi- 1
pie which would preserve the states, or |
tiieir integrity, and not consoHdate !
tlicm, according to the proposition of
Gen. Hamilton and some others. —
Though the parties had their l)irth
with the Constitution and the British
treaty, yet the difl'erence on these
subjects soon subsided aud the two
great parties did not take their stand
and draw their lines, until the adminis-
tration of John Adams. At that
time, the present President was out of
the theatre of the parties, in a distant
land. He was situated like an indi-
viJual on the top of a lofty mountain,
who loses the minute proportions of a
coi irjctcd space at the mountain's
base, and only sees the grand divisions
of a large territory. Thus, Mr. Ad-
ams was so situated, that he could wit-
ness the beautiful political features of
his own clime, contrasted with the rag-
ged features of other countries. In
the pure mountain atmosphere, he saw
things in their true light, and not thro'
tiie false ni'^dium caused by the impure
vapours of the lower regions. He
saw that the party strife was epheme-
real, but that the great priHciples of
our government, rested on the eternal
foundation of justice and the rights of'
man; hence, on his return to America,!
he did not take part as a partizax, with ,
any party, but he went about as a pat- i
RIOT r,very lohcrc when he could do §oof/.
If he had ever acted as a partizan^ the
evidence would be too clear to be de-
batahle.

Tile range of our defence will be
limited, by the range of the attack.
And it is no little compliment to Mr.
Adams that his opponents have found
io little recent matter of accusation
that they have gone back thirty-five
years, a whole age, to seek evidence
to support their charges. The first at-
tack upon him, is grounded on garbled
extracts fi-om his Publicola, published
"•in 1793. The proof adduced against
him from these papers, is of tlie same
character as would be an attempt to
prove from the bible that there was no
(lod. These papers are contained in
eleven numbers. Mr. A's.friendsinMas-i
sachusetts have republished these pa- 1
oers as the best refutation of the false '

inferences drawn from them, and as the
best proof of his republican piinciples,
and the soundness of his eaily opinions.
Id concludii;g tliose num^jers, Mr,
Adams says, "I will now conclude these
papers, with requesting that those o;)ly
who READ them, would JUDGE of
their PRINCIPLES; and I am per-
suaded that the can<lour of the pu!>lic
will not take MISREPRESENTA-
TION for REASON, nor INVEC-
TIVE for ARGUMENT." Mr. Ad-
ams' opponents have not deemed it pru-
dent to publish these papers: extracts
which pervert the sense, have better
suited their righteous purposes. But
it so happened that these very papers,
and two other scries written by him
the same year, one in defence of a sys-
tem of neutraiitj", before the issue of
the proclamation of neutrality, and the.
other defending the cause of Mr. Jef-
ferson in his dispute with the French
Minister, attracted the attention of
Washington and Jefferson from their
soundness and ability, and induced Jef-
ferson to recommend him to Washing-
ton for a foreign mission, to which he
was nominated, without the knowledge
of his father, then Vice-President, the
subsequent year. Mr. Jefferson's ac-
quaintance with Mr. Adams commen-
ced in Europe, immediately after the
peace in 1785, where he was the fellow
boarder of Jefferson and Franklin, and
when Mr. Adams came home, he
brought a letter from Mr. Jefferson to
Mr. Gerry, in which Mr. Jefferson thus
speaks of Mr. Adams: '"This will be
delivered you by young Mr. Adams; his
being the son of your particular friend
renders unnecessary from me those
commendations of him, which I could
with truth enter into. I congratulate
your country on their prospects in this
young man." This was no open letter
of introduction containing the mere
cant words of politeness. Mr. Jeffer-
son could not introduce Mr. Adams to
Mr. Gerry, for he knew they were al-
ready acquainted. It was contained
in a long private letter to Mr. Gerry, in
which Mr. Jefferson states to Mr. Ger-
rv,tt)at he had obtained contracts,which
were advantageous to our oil fislieries
and requests Mr. Gerry to have them
taken up, &:c. Gov. Randolph, son-in-

324

VI.NPIC.VnON OF XUE POLITICAL CONSISTENCY Ol

law of Mr. Jefferson, says, "I never
heard Mr. Jefferson speak of Mr. Adams
fri>ni ilie year 1792 witliout acknowl

tomli. Mr. Adams went on his mission
lo the Hague, iti 1794, and returneil in
September, 1801, from Berhn. No at-

cis^i'ig tliat he was an ahle, learned I tempt has be:"!! made to assail his con-
ai.d lionest man, to whirh he OFTEN i duct during that period. But during
added, before the p'-riod mentioned, this absence he wrote his letters fr<im
(July, 1825,) that Mr. Adams would Silesia, replete with 'repubhcan senti-

make a safe chief magistrate of the
union, and was the most fit of all the
New-England men." This opinion
Governor Randolph says, was changed
by tiie '•broad construction given by
Mr. Adams to tlie constitution." But
notwithstanding Mr. Jeflijrson's opinion
the people of the United States will
agree with Mr. Adams, "That indepen-
dence and union arc the ends, inter-
nal improvement and domestic indu
try the means, of Uie American Pat-
riot; and so inseparably are Uvey con-
nected together, that it is impossible,
but by the pursuit and promotion of
the one, to securo and perpetuate the
clher.''' We have other tc^limony that
Mr. Adanris, at the time of the adoption
ol the constitution^ did not concur in
the views ofthose who were allei'wards
the leaders of the foderrJ party. ^TIe

ments, and wanned with the ardour of
r.n American patriot. It was during
tliis absence, that Washington pro-
nounced him our " n6/es< forei<rn AJin-
ister."

Mr. Adams returned in September,

1801, and at the next election, April.

1802, was returned a Senator from
Boston. During the spring session,
noihing political occurred in the legis-
lature, except an attem))t to relieve a
repiiMican justice from an incapacity
to hold office consequent on an im-
peachment and removal. It was
thought his sentence was too severe,
and Mr. Adams, in opposition to the
Fedenil meml)ers, voted to rcliovr him
from this disability. But though notii-
ing <^f political tliaracter appeared in
the legislature, there was in a caucus
of the members, a most unequivocal

late Chief Justice Parsons, who was | mark, one that cannot be gainsayed.-
tlie head of that party in New England, I The legislature was Federal, by larte
declared to a fiiend of his at the time majorities in all its branches; on this
Mr. Adams WE5S a student of law in the I legislature devolved liie choice of a
office of the Cliief J.istice, (hat he Council of nine. Tiicy had uniformly
could not induce Mr. Adams to adopt been of the jjrevailing party, unmixed
his opinions. Afterwards, in 1793, in- with any of their opponents. A mect-
delivermg the fourth of July oration in ing of the P'ederal members was called
Boston, he distinctly euUgized Han- — Mr. Adams was invited to attend.
corK and Samuel Adam«, at that period He proposed that four of the members
the mark at which the numbers of should be selected from the Republi-
can Partv. This proposition was

Leaco (attributed to Judge Parsons)
■were aimed. Mr. Adams, at n later
period in Congress, voted against going
ir.to mourning for Sir. Pendleton and
Samuel Adams, on general principles,
which have since been uniformly acted
on hy Congress. For this he was at-
tacked by the famous Alex. Smylhe.
Mr. Adams" answer to Sniylhe gave the
grounds of his vote, and shows the mal-
ice of tlie accusation, which has been
since repeated a thousand times. But

scouted, and the Federal leader, then
and afterwards tl.e great writer of the

party,

'Tlie man who makes

such a proposition, is not our friend., —
he willproveour DEADLIEST FOE."
This was the first political act of Mr.
A. afler his return from Europe; and
this was yhc jur/^ininl of the intelligenf
leader of the Federal party in relatiuu

to that ACT.

At the winter session, a hanking

his oration of July, 179.3, furnishes a I project was hroughl forward hy the
cornplcto refutation. The man he , Federal gentlemen from Boston, who
would eulogize when living, and the I had been most ready lo support Mr.
mark of political lin>lility, he would | Adams, l-lvery means was used (o en-
nol dislionor when dead, and all ho^- j gage his influence in its favor. Stock
tility bad been hurled with him in <he ' w.v ofll-red him, and a large premium

JOHN (illN'CY ADAMS.

32o.

Oil such stock a? he might take, and , ever man have stronger inducements to
not choose to hold. He ii;jccled,ho\v-! oppos.ition? Mr. Adams has been re-
cver, the tempting indurenunts, and j presented as passionate and head-
when he round lie could not defeat the ; strong. Let his conduct in that body
Bank, ho moved a section opcninj^- the) speak lor him. hi the Senate of the
suhs<ription to all citizens of the state. United States, the committees were

At tliis session too, two Rcpuhlicaii
Judges were removed from oflice, l)y

chosen bv ballot ; and by a well known
piirliamcntary rule, measure's are com-

adilress of the two houses, all the Fed- mitted to those friendly to tliem. A
C'-ahrcnabersvolingfor the address. — very large proportion of the Senate
Mv Ac;ims not only opposed the le- were friendly to the administration;
nioval, '->'.' entered his protest against there is, therefore, no surer test, that a
it ;iit il< journals. He was also on imemlier tis cortsidercd friendly to an

the copini;' ee to answer the Gover-
nor's ^pceri:, this answer contains not
an allusion to paity politics. These
were the onlv occasions when any thing
pelitical occurn>d, during his term of
service in the Senate of Massachusetts.
It will be thus perceived, that the first
year after liis return fiom Europe, he
acted uniformly with the Republican
members of the Legislature. But as
the jounialsof this state are not pub-
lished, and very little of their proceed-
ings ever known beyond the walls of
the v<ite house, Mr. Adams was still
CO.'- dcrcd by tiic community at large,
:i Ffderalist, without a scintilla of evi-
dence to support it, except his being
elected by Federnljsts, and having de-
scended from John Adams. At this

administration, than tliat under such
circumstances, he tliould be placed on
the committees to which the leading
measures of that administration are
committed.

FIRST SBSSION-.1803-1.

At this session, Mr. Adams was
placed oil all the committees in relation
to Louisiana. On that in relation to
ollences against the United States. —
On the committee of enrolment, and
many otlier important committees.-
At this session, two very important
measures were introduced. The one,
an amendment of the Constitutioir, to
prevent a similar occurrence to that
which took place in relation to the
election between JelTerson and Burr,

period, an United States Senator was in Congress. The attitude in which
to be elected. Timctby Pickerins was(Mr. JefTcrson stood in that election, to
agreed upon in caucus, as the Federal | John Adanie, would iia\e excused his

candidate, and Thompson Skip'ict the
Republicat:. The moderate men would
not vote for either. At the first ballot
Mr. Adams had six votes, ten at the
second, and on the third ballot was
elected. Many of the Republican
members of the Senate voted for Mr.
Adams, and his election was consider-
ed by them as a triumph over the high
Federalists.

We have now introduced Mr. Adams
into the Senate of the United States.
For his seat in that body, the highest
oflice then in the gift of the Federal
party, he was indebted to Federalists,
the friends of his father. Mr. JelTer-
son, the successful competitor of that
lather, was at the head of the adminis-
tration, and the friends of Mr. JelTer-
son in many places, were denouncing
Mr. Adams in advance, for the coui-c
*hey believed he would pursue. Did

son ircni opposing the amendment, as
he ceiiMinly wou'd, ''-■■' iio felt a par-
ticle of Fcf'ciai pany feeling, as the
amendment was an indirect censure of
the course pursued by the Federalists
in that election. But under these cir-
cumstances, he advocated an amend-
ment of the Constitution. It was op-
posed by all the Federal members. —
The other measure, was the purchase
of Louisiana, also opposed by the Fed-
eral members. Ti'.is measure, Mr.
Adams warmly advocated; his s[>eech
on the subject, may be seen in flie Na-
tional Intelligencer, of that period. —
Mr. Adams has however, been accused
of hostility to the acquisition of Louis-
iana, and that too, by those who accuse
him of lafitudinarian doctrines, be-
cause he believed an amendment of
the Constitution would be reqiiiicd,
before that territory could bo admitted

32C

VLVOK ATION- OF OF THE POMTICAL CONSISTENCY OF

into the Union. His answer, however,
to Alexander Smylhe, whicli every one
should read, fiirniBhesa complete rclii-
tation of this and many other attacks
on him. By a similar nik of judginji,
Mr. Jetferson might be accused of hos-
tility to Louisiana, for he says, in a let-
ter to Mr. Dunbar, (July 17, 1803,)
" That the treaty may be ratified in
time. I have found it iK>ccs'-ary to con- j
vene Congress." "It is the more ne-
cessary, because they will be ol)liged j
to ask from the people an amendment |
of the Constitution, authorizing their
receiving the province into the Union,
and providing for its government; and
the limitationsof power which shall be
given by that anvjiidment, will be unal-
terable but Ijy the same authority." —
Thus it will be seen, that on tliis sub-
ject there was an entire concurrence in
the opioions of Mr. Adams and Mr.
Jetferson. The Republican press, at
this period, began to do Mr. Adams
justice, and never afterwar<ls assailed
him, until he became a candidate for
the Presidency.*

♦■From the Salem Hegisli r, of 1 003, one of tlic
leadinij Republican papers in MasfachuscUs,
iUtribuled to Or. licntlej's pen:— "Wc iire in-
formed that Mr. Adams has I'.ec.lared in favor
of the amendment propo.'ed liy <lie House re-
specting the electoral ticket -of President and
Vice-President. Would to Gcxl that the lal
ents of tliis man migbt be saved for his coun-
try."

Kroid the IVorcrster .i->i>, of the same pe-
riod; ali.iding Repiiblir.an paper, patroniaed
by the Hou. Levi Lincoln, .\ttornej General of
the United States:— "The Hon. John QuiNcy
Ao.tMS (the colleague of Col. Pitkcrini; in the
Senate of the U. S.) will certainly be denounc-
ed and excommunicated by his party. \CT^i
all Ihr leadins measures of the Senate HK H.A3
ACTLU WITH THK i.'KlEM)S Of THE
ADMINISTIIATIO.N. On the resolution f.v
carrying into elfect the Convention with
France, bo delivered a concise, nervous, manly,
enerjetic, and uncquivocat eulogy on the
measure.'*

From the Philadelphin .'liiroro, same date:
"The 'jiecch ofMr.J. Q.. Aiums is peculiarly-
gratifyiuc;. He is an ePisteru m;in, yethe tells
u> that the acipiisition of Louisiana is an event
of such jrreat importi'.ncc, that to be able to
Uiltil the treaty, an f.mcmlraent to tlie Consti-
tution oui;ht to be made if necessary, and he
declared his helicC that every state in the
Union would be vn favor of "it. Such lan-
guage we repent ^s gratifying. Already have
tuch soutuneuts, expressed by such men, si-
lenced some of the disalFected, ond wc hope to
lin<l, even amr.ng Federalists, no opposers to
what the well informed of the party have so
-■supljatically expressed."

SUCOKD SI:SSION— 18(V1«5.

This session immediately succeeded
the nearly unanimous re-election of
Mr. Jeflerson. and was marked by no
acis which could be construed into a
party character. At this session, Mr.
Adams-served on the following com-
mittees: On Revisions; on Treaty with
Spain ; Charter of Georgetown ; Trials
by Inipeachmtiit: prescriliii^g rules for
the government of the Army; tlK-
Committee of Enrolment, and many
otlier important committees.

THIUD SESSION.-1805-C.
This session was two years before
Mr. Adams' alleged apostacy. The
coiil'idence placed in him at this pe-
riod, by a Republican Senate, shows
the absurdity of culling iiim at tliat pe-
riod, a Federalist, in a parly sense.
He served on the following commit-
tees: On the territory north-w(*-,i ol
the Ohie: in relation to Coins; in rela-
tion to land titlec in Louisiana; in rela-
tion to the culture of sugar; on the
TreasuiT Report; on all ccmir.ittees in
relation to the violation of our neutral
rights by Grent Britain; for drafting
rules for the government of the Senate:
on the Army; on the Yazoo claims; on
all to wliich the messages of the Presi-
dent were committed; on the memori-
als from Bahimore, Pliihidelphia,Ncw-
York, &c. ; on the Hospital; on ton-
nage duty; on the Library; on the pro-
tection of American seamen; on pro-
hibiting importations in foreign \essels,
when ours were notadniilled on ei|ual
terms; on the National Academy: on
the District of Columbia; on all bills,
resolutions and amendments; on the
Mint; on the Judiciary; on grants of
land, and on many others; he served
on ten committees, where any Fede-
ral memi)er did on one; and on about
twice as many as any other member of
tile Republican party, although junior
to most of the members. Yet it is now
pretended, that at this session, Mr.
Adams was the opponent of the Admin-

One uniform <'rror runs through these ex-
tracts; that of considering Mr. Adams a Fed-
eralist, and a party man. But lU the language
of that day, there were no neutrals, those who
did not declare openly for a parly were coui^J-
cred against it.

JOHN QTIINCY ADA.tirs.

32r

Istration

With as much truth, meri-
dian might be called midnight. At
{his ses.sioii, he voted agaiust the Fede-
ral, and with the Republican members,
in relation to the non-impo'-tation act.
Tde Maiquis de Casa Yrugo, having
disregarded the inhibition bv I\l,. JeA
iea-son, to the District of Columbia,
and derided in a contumelious note,
Mr. Jefferpon's authority, Mr. Adams
introduced a bill to place the authority
beyond question, which he supported
by a most learned and elaborate speech,
which occupies 14 close printed pages
of the Authology, the first literary
journal of that period.

The conduct of Mr. Adams had

position to the Federal'members. H®
was on the coinmitlee on Burr's con-
spiracy; on the committee on the Pres-
ident's message in relation to that con-
spiracy, which reported on the day of
the receipt of the message, a bill to
SMspend the Habeas Corpus,which also
passed the Senate the same day. He
was also on the committee in relation
to Burr's associates. At this session,
he also acted with tlie Republican, and
in opposition to the Federal members^
OH a call on the President in relation
to the noa-intercouree. In the face of
this evidence, it is contended that up
to this period Mr. Adams was jt Fede-
ralist. Those who would maintain

gained him such entire respect from this position should first destioy the
the Republicans of the old school then ' ■
in Congress, and his talents and assidu-
ous attention to his official duties, had
convinced them so fully that he could
atTbrd the most eminent service and
the most eftkicnt support to the ad^
ministration, in the troubles then im-
pending, that they sought by extending
to liim entire confidence, to bind him
to them in the trammels of p'lrty. For
tliis purpose they obtained nn inter-
view: thoy addres*.pd him in the most
delicate, friendly, and confiding man-
ner. His answer should never be forgot-
ten. Gentlcmen-I can act no otherwise
than 1 have uniformly done. Any
in(;asure vhich emanates from Mr. Jef-
ferson, which } believe correct, will

receive my most cordial support.

Measures, which in my conscience I
believe wTong, \ shall as warmly o{>
pose, let them come from what souite
they may.

FOrRTH SESSION" 180G-T.

At this session Mr. Adams was chair-
man of the Judiciary committee; also,
chairman of the Library committee;
also, chairman of the committee on all
bills, resolutions, and amendments.-^
He was also on all committees in rela-
tion to th« Army; Public Debt; inter

journals of Massachusetts and of the
United States. At this session, Feb-
ruarv 23. Mr. Adams introduced the
FIRST RESOLUTION EVER intro^
daced into Congress in relation to
INTERNAL IMPROYEftlENTS,,
which produced at the next session,
Mr. Gallatin's famed report, which
was then, on motion of Mr. Adams,
printed. To rebut this whole mass of
teslimon}', we are met in the press and
and in tire halls of Congres?, Vv-ith a
little satirical song v/ritten at this pe-
riod, (June, 1807.) Too unimportant
in itself to notice, and only deriving its
importance from the use that has been
made of it. This song certamly con-
tains no political heresy, for it contains
no political principle. A proposiiion
was made by Mr. Barlow to rob Colum-
bus of a ray of his glory, and confer it
on Captain Lewis, by changing the
name of Columbia river to Lewis's.
This proposition was justly ridiculed
in tlic song attirbuted to Mr. Adams.
The only allusion to Mr. Jetferjon in
this song, is to« slander on him, which
the writer classes with other things,
which in his belief had no existence.
It was written to a most intimate friend,
without a view to publication, and got
into print without the knowledge of

course with S(. Domingo; fire at Ports- |thc writer, or the person to whom it
mouth; Weights and Measures. He j was addressed. Wits, in their satire in
was also on the following committees, private parties and in private corres-i
his election to which, shows in the jpondenre, spare neither friend nor foe,
strongest degree, the confidence re- land the most liimiliar friends are often
posed in him by the Administration, most severely lashed in this way. In
atnd in t«liese measures he acted iir. oi> rf^lation to iJii'i and oth^-r ad'-mptito

3:i8

VINDICATION Of TUE POLITICAL CONSISTEJftY OF

slander hin» in his relations with Mr. i
JelTorsoii, Mr. Adams thus wrote in his'
answer to Alexander Sinythe: "I hope I
and trust this paper will pass underi
tlie I ye of Mr, Jcffenon himstif. I say.j
without fear of being disavowed by|
liim, that he will not approve of the]
vse of hii7iam€ by any one, lor the pur-j
pose of casting odium upon mc.''' He 1
also adds: " 1 never gave a vote, cither
in hostility to the Administration of
Mr. Jeirersoi), or in disreij-ard to Re-
publican principles, or in aversion to;
Republican patriots." i

Just after the close of the session,
April, 1807, Mr. Adams did attend a
Federal caucus for i.omiuiUing slate'
otlicers. and his name appears to their!
proceedings as chairmaiu 'i'his would
be a strong fact to s1r;w him a parly i
man, if it could not be explained. But
we have a most ample explanjition of
it. To this |)criod,uot\viihstaiidiiighis
independent support of the administra-
lion, he yet ciiir)ycd the confidence of,
most of tile federal party in Boston,:
uiid the time iiad arrived when it was]
important to endeavour to unite that
. party with those who supported the
iialionai adininislration. The mea-
sure of our wrongs was full. In the
Senate of the Union, these wrongs}
were all suomitted to coinniittees of|
which Mr. Adams was a member, and!
lie rtcarly saw that tlic only way to ob-
tain redress was to unite the country!
in support of such measures as the ad-
ininistralion migiit take to obtain r<;- i
■dress. That the Republican jiarly
would support sutii measun-*, was
clear, and it was a great object to ;
anite the Federal party also, In the
same cause. Tiie plan Was neither
quixotic nor \ isionary, for at the pR>-
vious session in the Seuate, the votes
on concurring, had been iinauimous,
even Col. Pickering having voted thai
Great Britain had violated our rights.
Who was Governor of Massachusetts,
was of small moment, pro\ided liial
state and ihe rest of New F.ngland
would sustain the administraiion in a
war, if war ensued. An unfortunate
•ccurrence in the Massachusetts legis-
lature, had a tendency to excite a spirit
least conformable to a united action of
Hh two part iiL-;. Gov. 'strong received )

some three or four hundred more votes
than Judge Sullivan, the Republican
c;uulidate. Both brdnches of the le-
gislature were Republican; and in the
Senatv, by a manage'mcnt di~gra';eful
to ttic iiepublicau party there, but
such as all parties in times of excite-
ment may yield to, so many votes were
rejected as to defeat the election of
Governor Strong, and thu~ also defeat
(he voice of the people at the poles. —
This report, which was accepted in
the Senate, caused great excitement.
It was, however rejected in the House,
and the voice of the people in the elec-
tion of Governor prevailed. At the
eiisui'ig election, this violent attempt
to defeat the election of Governor
Strong, wa^ to have been made the ral-
lying jjoint of the Federal party, and
to effect this, some most-inflammatorv
resolutions were prepared to be olfer-
ed to the meeting. Mr. Adain* heard
of this, aiid determined at all hazards
to defeat them. With this view, and
for the first time, he allended ;i party
caucus of the people. He tuoveJ the
commitment of these resolutions; he
diveisted them entirely of an inllamnia-
tory and party character, and reported
merely sound abstract prim rples, to
which any one could readily accede.
Hi' report was accepted. The chair-
man of ilie meeting, the laie John Phil-
lips, afterwards President of the Sen-
ate, the intimate friend of Mr. Adams,
was named in tlio?c resolutions as ji
Senator; he therefore declim-d puilirig
his ivame to thcni. and reijue-ted Mr.
Adams to take (be ciiair for (hat pur-
pose alone. Had Mr. Adams ileclined.
he would have put to hazard the vic-
tivry he had thus achieved, and would
have be>n incapacitated from farther
power to aid the adminisl ration in
uniting all parties for national de-
fence. I'^nder tlie circumstances of
the case, all will ap|>rove his course,
and every one must admit, that it
proves any thing, rather (ban thatat this
lime he was a Federal pariizaiu It ii
highly propable that the election of
Gov. Sullivan, the subsequent week,
was much aided, if not ei,>urcd, by
the spirit of union he infused, and by
sliding the rising tempest in its birdi.
A few weeks after this meeting, Ihfi.

JOHIV QUIJifCV ADA>tS.

Hid

Clifsapeuke frigate was attacked in i most powerful; the recoil was greater

leaving our watei's by a Biilish !*qii;id- ! tiian the sluMrk, aiui Ntw England was
ion. Mr. Adams requested tiie select- j undeceived, and awakened to her sen-
meu of Barton to call a mectiug on the ses again. The legislature of Massa-
<iuiijert, but they declined. A moctiuEf ; chusetts,soon after the close, of ihis ses-
of llie ciiizens of the state generally was i sion, passed . a resolution disapproving
called at tlie State House ; V. President ! (he measures .Mr. .^tlams tiad support-
Gerry presided, and Attorney General ed; whereupon lie immediately lesign-
Moicon acted as secretary. Tfiis wasiedhis seat, refusing to be the repre-
exclusivcly altendcd by Republicans. I sentative of his constituents a moment
j\lr. Adams attended, and was of the longer than tiiey were satisfied with liis
committ«>e which reported the patri acts. What a iKjble example toother
otic resolutions there adopted. Ten Senators, similarly situated. The Re-
lays after, tLe presi^ure of ])Ublic opin- publicans of Massachusetts in\ited him
ion induced llic call of a town meeting to stand as Governor, but as he thought
in Boflon; at this meeting. ]\lr. Ad- the oliice belonged to Lieutenant Gov-
ams was appointed Chairman of the eriwrLiiKoln, he refused to be run. —
committee to prepare the resolutions, Mr. Madison appointed him minister to
and the resolutions tlien passed, were • Russia, and before his departure, the
from his pen. After this meeting Republicans, with Houestus, Be.vja-
Doclor Charles Jarvis, the leader 'mix Austin, at their head, invited uiin
of the Repul)lican partv, being ask- to a public dinaer. Before Mr. Ad-
c^l liow he got along with his old. ams left the country, he wrote the re-
opponents, naming them. Afts^r his view of the works of Mi, Ames, in
reply to the queslion, he said there which he pointed out the daiigerous
was one man on the committee whoac principles therein defended, and warn-
coaduct had inspired him with the ed the people against such measures
ni)=l perfect conlidenoc, and that man as led to the Hartford Convention,,
was J. Q. ADAMS. I and as will inevitably follow from the

late proceedings in Soutii Carolina, if
riFTU SESSION, I SOT-S. | persevered in. For this review, and

As no act of Federalism, after this liis embargo letter, he deserves the
period, is alleged against Mr. Adams, lasting gratitude of his country,
and he is now admitted to have joined . The Tindication of Mr. Adams is
the administration at this period, it ■ now completed; we have shown by a
is unnecessary to name the committees j mass of evidence, that he never wa.-> a
on which he s'erved. They were more Federalist in tiic parly sense. From
numerous than at the former sessions. ! the burthen of the evidence it might
Ali our wrongs, and the measures for, well be contended, that ■duri-.g ihe
their rcdress,'were submitted to him, j whole pcriotl of his life, lie wa'- a Re-
arid lie took the lead in the Senate. — publican in the party sense. But such
To him was committed the outrage on' a posifon, though resting on much
the Ciiesapeake ; he was on the com- stronger evidence than the converse,
mittee which kcponod tlie imbargo ! would not be correct. The zeal of
hill, and he made the report for ex- ' party never animated him, but the
pelling John Smith from the Senate, fire ol' patriotism ever burnt brigiit in
for concurring in Burr's conspiracy, his bosom.

To a friend v,ho five years sincej
wrote to Mr. Adams, in relation to tlife
slanders on his character, he replied in
a private letter:

"That cbaractcrs of persons prcfcnleiJ In tlie
imblic lor election to otlices of trust, .'.lionM be
trictlj an J Rvcn sevcrel) scrutinized, is both
Pickering and l.l<"'"^"" ^l"'''"'''''- Far from objcrtin): to the
, • J ,, • J r .1 J ■ • .'xercisc of this censorial power as re«nect? my-

sustai;:cd the w.^dom of the admmis ,eK, l ,lo i ->. cou,. lain that u i- rx'.-.dcU to
tration. The cflfcct it produced was! the tranaacyions of mj private life, and sraroh-

M w

During this session, lie attended the
meeting which ruiminatcd .Mr. Madison.
At the close of (his session, Col. Pick-
eringissued his iiitter philippic k against
the embargo, in a letter whidi -iiook
New Kngland to the centre. But Mr-
Adams in hi'^ answer thereto, com
pletely refuted Col

3M-

FROM VEW-JERSEV.— <:EN. JACKSON A JiEGRO TRADEtt.

es my religious opinions; That it (liscus=os my, close, but with proper e:*ertioii, ihc
manner-, m> dopoKinent, my tomprr, and '"" j C AUSF, OF THE PEOPLE MUST
quiri-^ '^veii of the orikr of my docuculic ccoii- . , .,, , . , ■ • . . i

fl return visit':. Not that I have the prp- turbulent, aud disingenuous opposi-

iiintion to imapinp that, in tlie is»uc of this f_p

aminatiun, 1 can ccapc the detection of cr- ' .

rs ami inlinuitios, hut because it is necessary I The SOUrce? of Uiy mforndation, arc

omv. andtbe principles upon which 1 rcccivc[^nd will triumph over an inlatuatcd,

and

sumn

examina

Tors ! ,

to the full aail ptrfcct dtvcloprnirnt of the j by no means doubtful, and I tliink 30U

cl^ectivc franchise; ana l,ocQ.jsp,rel.vin?up«| I f, j j^,,,,^ ourniaiority at

the justice of thf people, I ran neitiier refuse to I • r>' 1 J J

nhidc by the sentepr.c of their judtcment, nor | 3000. But let US not presume or Our

reluct at tUc e\hii>itioii before them of alllhei slrenfjlh. and anticipated superiority,

cvKlence which may , end to enlighten their dr. ^„ J thereby relax into snpincncss and

cisiun. It is not to bcexpc-tcd, that under the . . . " , • ■ ■ n -n 1

excitement of aJl the passions, incidental to a , inactivity, thmkitip; all will be well,

po)iular election, the laws of truth will be ol>- j but let Us bc up and doing, and render

,er»ed in tbe charee«ofhcnteJpYV"'''='''''^ I if possible, our success doubly Sure.
amuNt all the bilternoes with which I have been 1 • 1 1 .1, .1 i i_ 1

as.-ailcd, I hav(' derivr4 much satisfaction, by j ralsicd :)e the arm that hangs down in
inlerring from tlie natur»of thecharjes broiijht a pood Cau«c. The end is to bc at-
ngai.u.t Bie. the absence of such as might have j^i„pj p,^] , t,,p ^^^ ^f n^^^ns, and
been less answerable. ' ,, ,.•'.•' .1 ,1 ^ .- ,

I the objecl is worthy the allention ol

From a conviction of the justness of j e^^rv patriot. The iionor and welfare
these principles neither Mr. Adams ^f p^^ beloved country is at stake.—
nor his friends have relucted at the se-l „ formidable opposition, fharshalpd by
verest scrutiny. The defence has ne-| ^ f^w disappointed political aspirant;,
cessanly been long, for it has covered' ;, jr,.j„.„ ^j, ;„ b-mje array,— the vo-
a space of twenty years, and exter.dedj taries of niwlcrii Joah, transported with
back forty years. It during the latter ni.,j enthusiasm, and the dazzle of mar-
portion of the time. Mr. Adams's con-j ti^j gio^y, seem strangely de;ermined
duct has the appearance of more de- ; to tram-.wl the wherls'of governm-.-nt.
votion to the administration it wasthe;.,nj overturn the fair fabric 01 our
result of the existing state of atFairs. f^ce instiMitions. by madlv exchai.i'ing
In a quiet and prosperous course of, ,1,^, REPUBLICAN STATESMAN,

things, the patriot need not take any
very active part in the affairs of his
country; but when that country' is in
danger, and her honor invaded, lie will

FOR A MILITAIIY DESPOT!

Is not tiic Rei^ii of Terror impenu-
i-ig? Arc not the friends of a wise ami
prttrioiic .Administration. caH'-d upon

not hesitate to rally with all his cnev-\^^ p^t forth their mightiest ollort.s?.
gies to support the adaimistraUon, Let us remember tiie Ides of March!
whicli is sustaining her honor and de-

fending her riEfhts.

the downfall of the Roman Republic!
and be zealous in a good cause: the
cause of the people: rely upon the
arm of L-rael's God for strength, and
HE will orderour political battle, and
crown us with victory, and ultimatt
success.

AN OLD SCHOOL DEMOCR.\T
-V. J. Jiugust, 1828.

tiEXFKAI. J VCKSON

A KEGI^O TRASER.

[No room is left for doubt, that (ienrra
.larks. in, anion!;^t other mean- to accunjiihiti
wealth, engaged in the business of huyini; ne
groes and sending theni to market. The fol-
lowing e'litrart from .a piihlirntion made by
Andrew Krwin, and puSli'hed in the .National
Banner, printed at Nn«hville, Anqiist C, 18JS,

ie '• military chieHain"."—, '■""''""'/"" ""^" ",'' ""' .'!V'' ;''"'■'-■'''' }'•''•

*nnn>it it to "iir rrader* without comment' — ,

FROM JfEW-JKRSEY.

Amoiic;-;! the many flattering ac-
counts of Oluo's attachment to the
cause of her country, I am happy to
learn from ti>c lip,* of a gentleman,
lately from Warren in that state, (a
man of information and unquestioned
Vfiacitv,) that Ohio will mi)>t assured-
ly go for the. Administration by an
overwhelming iniijority, — the .Jackson
humbug to the contrary notwitlistand-
ing. And I venture, sir, confulcntlv
to assert, that New Jersey will tilso
give her vote to the <;latesman, in prel
crcncc to
Thccontcst, I know will be warm and

Certainly, it rcq'iires none.]

GEN. JACItSON A NE'JRO TRADER.

331

" A; d now si,, it remains lor nie lo
redei m the pledi^e 1 iiavc givin to i\n:
pu lie, to prove } on a «eifu trader, n
you dated io den^ it. I consider the
pubiicatiuns of the 30th ol Ma}' and
the I llh of July, in the Rtp .nlicau, as
intei'dcd to be a flat denial on j'our
pan, of the charge, parlicularly the
latter puMication — and both evidently
by your autlioritj. U is manifest in-
deed, you do not wisi) it to b> believed.
It has been pronounced by your sup-
porters, a calumny seriously tmpliailing
your character, and has been called by
your printers, under the impulse of a
too hasty zeal, 'an infamous falsehood.'
But, when a statcnicsit is made by those
:iamc printers, on your ov.n authority,
of the circumstances of one transac-
tion of the kind, enough, more than
enough, is admitted, rompletcly to sus-i
■Iain the charge. This has been al- j
ready shown, in the very conclusive
and unanswerable letter of Dtictor
McNairy, which neither you, nor ■any
of 3 our p;irtizans, have even attempted
to controvert. It is remarkable, how-
liver, that you did not contrive a story
in the fu-st instance, which you and
your friends could steadily adhere to.
On the contrary, we find your news-
paper giving one account on the 30th
of May, and quite a different one on
the 11th of Jul}. Besides other ma-
terial variations, it will be seen tliat
ihe former represents the amount
of the first payment, at S20G0, while
the latter fixes" it at §205d Yet great
exultation is expressed, on the pre-
iumjition of the minute accuracy of
vhis latter statement, in the idea tiiat
ihc sum of §929,45, is not a propor-
tional part of $2050, and consequent-
ly, could not have been your share of
the first payment to Epperson. But
before I proceed with any further com-
ments on your own admission?, I will
lay before you and the public, a little
ovidencc on the subject, derived from
another source. A purchase of nc-
•.;roes is acknowledged to have been
made, in 181 1, by the firmof roleman,
Green Sc Jackson. The members of
ihe firm were, Joseph Coleman, Hor-
ace Green, and yourself. I will in the
first place, present you with the state-
ment of your partner, Mr. Horace

Green, wlio, you know, was in iSash-
ville a few dajs since, and «as seen
<it convei-sed witii, by a numtier of your
warmest partizans. Why ihcy did
not procure from him an account of
the transaction, will be readdy s^ea
on a perusal of the folh)wing letter.

j\ashville, Idth July, 1828.

Sir, — Your iiote iiKjuiring ol me luioriustion
in relation lo some .negroes, in xckick (itrtieral
Jackson teas amcerncd, I have received. To give
:i correct \iow of the transaction, as I under-
stood it, I must connect it with another. In the
latter part of the year 1810, Cajit. Joseph
Colemau iiroposed lo me to join bim in 'he
purchas*' of some cotton and tobacco, of a Mr.
Beonct Smith, to which I assented. He stated
to me tliat Mr. Smith would requite security,
whicli he would procure. Some short time af-
ter this understaudiuj; with Capt. Coleman, he
infornied me that Mr. Smith would take no
other security than Gen. Jacksou; and that
Gen. Jackson wouKl be such but, tliat he
{tt".MUsT be placed in t'le ligM of a 1\1RT-
J\iOR, in order that he might have a oontrol-
ing power, .f he thought it necessary. The
cotton iinJ tobacco were accordingly purchas-
ed, andtaUon by me to I\ew Orleans. 1 placed
them in the hands of Gray i Taylor, then com-
mission Merchants of that place, for sale, as
the property of Coleman, Green, & JACiisOK.
The article of cotton being somewhat ueprv.ss-
od at the time, I was advist^ by them to ship it
round to Pliiladelphia. I left it with therL, and
instructed them to do so for oen benefit and
returned to this place.

.■Xfter my return, in May, 1811, WE ran-
CH.ISED A NUMBER OF Negroes of a Mr. Ep-
person, for which WE were to paj a part in
hand — I paid ouc-third, and understood the
6a;an«j«!s;>airf by Capt. Coleman, and Gen.
JacK80N. The negroi were taken by me to
Natchez, for s.ile, and a [lart of theni sold. —
In the month of December, (I think) of the
same year, I received letters from Gen. Jack-
son, (which letters are at this time mislaid) dd-
\iimg me (f^he had purchased out Cajit. Cole-
man, in BOTH tht.v: transaetluiis,and offering to
sell out t> mc al cost, by securing him, or lo Be V
ME OUT, and refunil t> me the advames wliich I
had made. 1 tliouglit proper to sell. In rela-
tion to the purchase of the negroes, aUh^'U^h I
had no understanding to thatetTect, Irora eifher
Capt. Coleman or Gen. Jackson, I thought he
stood in the s.4me sitcation as in the pur-
chase of Ihe cotton and tMbacco, from thi; cir-
cumstance, as I then lielieviJ, it w\s his

CREDIT WHICH HA1> 1;>.\1II.ED US TO MAKE

THE PURCHASE Capt. Coleman made the
negotiation, and I made the selection. The
negroes were, at the time of the transaction, at
Capt. Coleman's plantation. Hear this plsce,
and 1 do 'lot now recollect that he saw them
Ijcfore they ilescemled the river.
I am, rcsjiectfully,

H.GREEN.

It seems then, from this statement,
that a partnership was formed in the
year 1810, between yourself, Joseph
Coleman, aad Horace Green. You

3a2

GESf.. JACKSOV A NEGKO TRAUEn.

wereappJifd to, in the first place, it is
true, to become a securily, but you in-
sisted on being placed in the light of a
pnrlner, A firm was therefore consti-
tuted under the style of ^ Colcm;in,
Green, & Jackson;" and in the spring
of 1811, a pirchase was mxide by the
i\rm, with your nsstnt; (for your prin-
ters admit, that the contract with Ep-
person, was signed by yourself, as well
afi by the other partners,) for tiie pur-
chase of TipoToci, to the aimmiit of ten
thousand dollars. One-tliird of that
portion of the purchase money which
was required in advance, Mr. Green
expressly tells us was paid by him,
aiid tlie other two-thirds, he undcr-
stoo'l, were paid by Captiiin Coleman
a^d General Jackson. Now sir, let us
see what jpm yoimsclf say, as to the
payment of these two-thirds. TIk:
Ibllowiiig is an exact copy of a mem-
orandum, in ifo\tr haiul-nritios;, which,
in <oni>ectioB with the above state-
ment of Mr. Green, leaves no room for
th :• slighiest doubt, a.s to the nature of
this transaction.

A. Jackson amount of pfoporirj)i of cash ibr
negrooa l>ot of Ilioti:iril Ep|ierson, $9i0 45.—
J. ColemaJi i« to pay tbo note in Bink for in-
teri'st on purchase ofcoium from B. Smith, (or
$fil3 39, ami the sum of $191*, which be is to
pay, anil the ?um of ^125 for biwit, makes up
his jtfoporhon, A. Jackson has paid for Kct-I-
bont. $X. I'o Capt. Wethcrall iliscouiit, t!U<
'iO(/ia/Aw. Ifill, on the liiilreinittc(: \V. Jack-
son i: CO. on Jamcj Jackson 4c co. $U 51 ; anil
al?o §16 on note cnHorsfc<l hy J. H. Smith. —
.Yotc — pfovisions furnisbeilcotlon boat 500 lb«.
imrk and flower, and meal, in all $l~ 50.

The at>ove is in your own hand-wri-
tiug — all in one paragiapi.. and could
not have bocH written previous to the
■20tli of Noveml)cr, yet it corrc-ctly re-
cites your payment (o him of the 21sl
of May, and was my authority for sav-
ing it appeared by your own Iiaiid-wri-
ti"ig, that yo<ir two proportions of llu
•first payment, were Sl8;)8,90; and for
saying vou wrote it six months a(\er
liw date oftlie purchase of the negroes,
and your fir>t payment to Kpperson.
Now sir, [ know nothing about the a-
in'iunt of your first payment, (and
u-vrsaid F did,) except from yourown
statomeiit above quoted, ami now from
the additional st;ii(>ment of Ilorac*'
Green. But it will not do for you to
rely upon anv private nx'njoranilum or

agreement of your own, in contradic-
tion of these statements, unless yon
candidly develope the whole matter,
briieg Ivick all your books and papers,
which Aou have withdrawn from bank
with so much trepidation, and release
the bank ofiicers from ;UI obligations
of secrecy, so that we may have a full
view of this transaction, as well as of
some others perhaps of a similar kind.
It has l)een .siid indeed, that the .s029,-
•1.5 spoken of in the memorandum, as
paid by you to Epperson, might ha\e
i)een the expenses attending the at-
tempt to sell the negroes, ascertained
and refuiHled by you after they were
brought back. Miserable subterfuge I
That amouiil sir, you know full well,
was p;iid by you to Eppeison, three
days after the alleg<'d date of the con-
tract for the parcha.ie of the negroes;
and the above memorandum tonciu-
sivcly shows^ that Coleman was (o
pay H sunx almost precisely equal. By
adding together the three sums, .5'G1.3,-
39,19i,.33, and 125. we Ikwc the a-
inount of .S'029.72, which is 27 cents
more than the sum paid b_v yourself.
Green likewise paid a similar amount;
and he tells us dis'inclly, that he paid
one third, and that the balance, as he
understood, was paid by Captain Co!e-
njan and Geiioral Jackson. It is pos-
sible indeed, that the aggregate sum
thus advanced, may have paid not only
the first instalment to Epperson, but
also sundry expenses attending the
transportation; such as the purchase
of a bo.it, provisions, &z.c; and this is
the more prol)alile, as it is stated in the
memorandum, that .S'12.5of tiic amoui't
paid by Colenian, wa< for a boa;. But
it is quite uiineressary for me to puzzle
myself about the details of these trans-
actions; it is enough that you arc con-
rhisiyply established as a NEGRO
TR.A DER, not as SECURITY, for that
idea i- perfectly ridiculous, but AS .\
P.\RTNER in the transaction. \o\i
were solicited to be a security ("or Cole-
man and Green, in the purt li.'i'-e of cot-
ton and tobacco, but would not, on ac-
count of the magnitude of the risk,
consent to lend your capital and credit
unles> admitted as a partner, and Mr.
Green, one of your firm, says, that al-
though nothing special was said about

CE\. JACKSON A NEGRO TKADER.

333

llie relation you were to occnpy in the

ucgro speculation, h.e considered you
as standing " in the snmo situation as
in the lunchaiQ of tlie cotton and to-
bacco," tor the very ol)vio\is reason,
that your cralit enalded tlie (iini to
make tiie iiurchasojand lie ;nii;!it liavc
iidded tlie still nioic concl'.i.^ivt circuni
jstancc-, that you signed the cu;i(iatt
as a partner, and actually paid down
in cash, one third part ot' tjie amo»int
reuuired in advance. It is perl'ectly
ridiculous, indeed, (or you to expect to
ESCAPE the odium of this transaction,
by representing youscif as a security,
and not a principal. You paid your
money, risked your credit, signed your
name to a contract, drew bills, gave
notes, wrote checks, and afterwards
purchased out tiie interest of your
partners, became yourself solo owner,
went to the lower country, and tinuing
yourself unable to sell thcni to advan-
tage, yoa brought part of the objects
of your speculation back with you,
passed the Choctaw agenc)- in triumph,
a^nd afterwards, no doubt, deposed of
them in some other way, as you admit
vou sjdM the greater part of them. Is
it not then a pi:Lful story to say you
were not a voluntary agent in those
transactions? You were a security
forsooth: and how do you attempt to
prove a thing so improbable and
absurd? Not by your friend, who wAs
himself concerned in the fransodion.
He says you refl'sed to lie a tncre secu-
rity; but insisted on being a PARTN'ERi!
that your credit enabled the tirm to
make the purchase, and that he under-
stood, yon advanced your projvortion
(one third,) of the purchase money.
How then flu you attempt to prove
your ridiculous talc? The only parti-
cle of proof otFered by you, is an al-
leged copy of a mrmoraivlum of ymtr
';zt7!, contradicting all your other mem-
moranda, and exhibited only to a few
of your chosen confidants. If you are
so ready to refer to a part of your doc-
uments, wh\' are you not etpially ready
to expose them all? Why have you
not candidly exhibited all your books
and papers, which cannot fail to dis-
cover how the transaction really was,
and boldly called on friend and foe to
♦"omc forward and examine tbcni? We

should then see when the payment was
made to Epperson, which 1 assert, was
three days after the alleged date of
your agreement. On the contrary,
you have hurried all your document*
away to your private dcnk, where they
icmain carefully concealed ; atid in the
vain \\n[Hi of picventing the produc-
tion of evidence, you have taught your
printers not only to hint "at the in-
Jignaiil Jlasliiiii^ of your eye.''' but to at-
tempt to intimidate peaceable, citizens
l)y tlireafs on tlieir part, promptly to
assail tlic private character of any
man who shall dare to give testimony
unfavourable to you. ^Vhat confi-
dence then, under such circumstances,
can be reposed in this alleged memo-
randum, on the back of your agree-
ment ? Does it i!0(. rather create sus-
picions of something wors-,: than has
hitlierto bicn discovered? But sir,
without dwelling longer on this point,
I will call your attention, and that of
the American people, to the following
letter from a gentleman whose high
standing is well known to the citizens
of Tennessee — a gentleman not only
above reproach in private life, but dis^
tinguished for his public services in
the Legislature of the state, and the
Congress of the nation.

Lockeland, June Hlli, 1828.
Col. Andrev/ Euwi>',

SiK ; — In answer to your letter, aiidresseil
tomeofthe 2Gtli ult. making enquiry relative
t.j what kuowliclire I iiuve respecting Gen,
Andrew Jacl<?on"s buying anil selling negroes
lor |iTotit, anil hi^ bringing negroes from Nat-
r,hez — In the year 1811 or 1 •', I unilerstood that
a Mr. Horace Green took from Xashville a
number of negroes to Natchez, for sale, and
that those negroes were the property of the late
Jo=ieph Coleman, of Nashville, Geu. Axdrevt
Jacksox, and sairl Horace (ireen, (yet 1 do
not know this of my own knowledge.) I hears
Gen. Jackson say, he went to Natchez, or
[somewhere in that country, and had brought
I said negroes back to Tennessee ; and about that
time, a Mr. Uinsmore»lhe United States agent
for the Choctaw n.ition oflndian?, was in the
hnbit of stopping all persons travelling through
said nation witli a negro or negroes, who hail
not a passport. The General ohsencd, thai hc-
had taken no passport, and on the naming he
iras t'lpnss the agency, that ft^'ie armed two of
his most rtsoiute negro men, and put them in
front nf his 7iegroes, and gave tlitm orders to
FIGHT THF.Iil WAY, if necessary. He fur-
ther obseried, that a friend had put into hi.s
hands, the night before, or on that morning, a
GOOD RIFI.iK; that when he came 0|iposito
the agency, he directed his negroes to go to a
branch, and cat their h.'-eakfast, — that he rode

334

GEN. J A.CKSOX A NEGRO TKAUEU-

=fc

uptu the agency, where be saw several Indian
couulryiucii, inquireit of ihem lor Mr. Uiiis-
morp, "ho informed him, Mr. l>iu»iuore was iiol
th.-rc-, or iroui home. He told thciii to tell -Mr.
Uiusmorc, he r-hould have been glad to have
seen him, but he could uot wait, that he was
j;oing on home with hi^ necroks. A fellow i
iiiiined John .\nip, whom 1 riiued, and ttun sold ,
6y<Af thenCapl. John Brai<an, to the said Jo- 1
seph Colem-.<u, was one of Ihe negroes armed I
and [>ut in frout as the General then tated.—
The .ibove is a true >tateuieut ■ f wluit I hturd
Cei. Vniihew JAcKSO.Nsay in Na-.hvitle, after
his return from Natchez. It maj not be the
precise words, but it is the substance, to (behest
of «i¥ now rctoUeclion. 1 am, sir, )Our« re-
spectfully, H. \VE.\KLEY.

It seems from this letter, that the
purchase from Epperson was not the
only negro spctulation in wiiich your
firm was concerned. You bouglit ol
John Brahan, and probably, if all the
transactions could be brought to light,
of several other persons. But my main
object in introducing the above letter,
is to show your respect for the law?
and constituted authorities of your
country. You even boasted, it seems,
of having armed your negro slaves, in
order to FIGHT/Acirii-a^/, if necessary,
rather tlian conform to the rer^tlotions
af goiernmenl, and procure and pro-
dnce a passport for ther". This, sir,
iS perfectly consistent with your dec-
laration, in your celebrated letter toG.
W. Campbell, about sweeping (rom the
earth the invader of legal rights, and
involving Silas Dinsmore in tlie flames
ofhis U'^ency house!! Is this a spirit to
be patronized and cherished by the
people of these United States? Does
this not also explain the hcighlh and
depth of your untiring, malignant per-
secution of myself, who, alone, or near-
ly so, defended my unsuspecting, poor,
but honest neighbours, again-^t your
■iwinrllins; comlnnniion to 0O~DEl*R' V R
THEM OF THF.IR HOUSES .\ND
HOMES, so fairlv and honestly bought
and PAID for, Ijij them, as set forth in
transcripts from the records, by the
"Tenncsscan," in his numbers, from
two to seven, each included. Dins-
more was threatened with consuninig
lire, forgiving you the trouble of ob-
taining a passport in strict conformity
with the laws of the country, and in the
laithful execution of (lie confidence re-
posed in him by government. -Vi/
crime was of a deeper dye. 1 deprived

vou of sweeping three or fourliundred
thousand dollars wortli, of iny neigh-
bors" lands, into your own [locket by
taking advai.iage of }our own agci.cy,
so well described in Judge Anderson's
Iciier, (in the sevenlli number of the
'Teiuiesscan,') for which you l)ad not
p.iid one dollar: neither had your part-
ner, P. H. Darljy, who got"<;5000 of
the .'5IO.OOO you so uiiriglitoously ex-
torted out of the people, ralhcr than be
longer harrassed by you and him. —
You also got 6 or g'OOO worth of land
from me, for your individual benefit in
said compromise, about which yoa
have been very silent; and are yet —
in open violation of that article of
compromise — causing five or sis of my
worthy, but poor neighbors, to be har-
rassed with lawsuits; although every
iota of the agreement has been com-
olied with on our part. This accounts
ibr the perpetual torture I have un-
dergone for ten years, by your printers,
partizans, dependants, and expectants;
and particularly for my p'l-scculion
here ai:d elsc>vherc, by co-workers in
the fireside business. Eaton and Cal-
jhoun, who Bsed Wirt's oflicial charac-
ter, for your special benelit, I do not
positively say, knowingly on his part.
Is a man to be elevated to the Presi-
dency, who will not only resist, himself,
the constituted authorities of the coun-
try, and Ijoast of liis arms as his only
passports, but will even encourage his
negro slaves in rebellion, and ordei
them to tight their way, and if resisted,
to spill the blmid of respectable freemen,
engaged in the discharge of public du
tics!'.!

I will now ask your attention to the
following brief extract of a letter writ-
ten bv you to a gentleman on business,
(not in bank) and dated Hermitage;
.March lOlh. 1812.

"HaWugto attend Wilson circuit court, it wii.
not be in my power to be in Nashville neJl
week. I am very much enpated to arrance m>
I)iisine6s JO that I can leave home on tho trip
WITH MY NEGROES tOll S.\LE."

The letter containing the above sen-
tience, is in vourowii hand-writing, and
is signed 'ANDIIKVV ,1 AC'KSON.

1 shall not trou!ile myself to conjee- -
ture whether it relates to some of the
same negroes purchased c '" E;]t!)eKai»^

GEN. JACKSON A NEGHO TRADER.

33;;^

by tlic firm, Coleman, Green, and
JACKSON, or whether it refers to
another speculation. It is enough to
show, at any rate, that you did not. hes
itate to speak freely, at that time ol"
your being actually eni;ai:;ed in ncpo
traffic. Nor is it necessary to dwell
upon a dispute between yourself and
Epperson, which was referred te the
arbitration of Judge Haj-wood and
, Judge Overton, respecting a oegro
fellow OirYOU BOUGHT FOR thk
EXPRESS PURPOSi; OF SELLING
to Kennar and Henderson at New
Orleans, expecting (o obtain for liim
the enormous sum of §2000, provided
you could procure the certificate of D.
Moore, and others, as to his being a
good blacksmith. You no deubt re-
collect tlie circumstances of that case;
and notwithstanding the reluctance
which may be felt, to encounter, un-
necessarily, the '■•iiiliffnanl Jlashiiin- of
your c^e," something can be produced
in relation to it, ia yoni- own hrmd
vritiiiff likewise, if it should be found
expedient to recur again to the thread-
bare topic.

I have already made this communi-
cation so long, that 1 will only trouble
you at present with one other little
document relative to OirANOTHF.R
INSTANCE OF NEGRO TRAFFIC,
IN WHICH YOU WERE CON
CERNED. The writer of this letter
is a re»peciable citizen of Sumner
county, and he is well supported by
the records of a controversy about this
same negro in court, of manv years
standing, in the nam<'S of JACKSON
and Hutching*, vs. Rollins. The fol-
lowing is I\lr. Blythe's letter to a
friend :

~1sh. Groi-e, July '20tt, 1928.
Sir, — In reply to j^our inquirj as to my
■knowledge of Gen. Jackson being concerned in
buymj; and felling slavei, I will briefly state,
that about the year lf!05 or 6, Gen. Jackson
and n Mr. Ilutchin.j«, (his nephew by marriage)
had a store in Gallatin. Abniit that time

5rfc:GRO BO V, AND SENT HtM TO THE LOWER

COUNTRY TO SELL. The negro h id been pre-
viously in the hands of Dr. R. to cnre ti sore leg,
and was sold by Rollins to them, with a
knowledge, by both paigties of that fact, as 1
nnder^tnod at the time. Some time after-
wards I had been up the Ohio, and on my re-
turn by the way of Smithland, 1 came to the'
place ca-Ued tho Horse Ford, tt.low Eddvvillp. I

where Ixvits were cumpelled to stop, by reason
'if low water, where 1 saw the negro above al-
uded to, in a barge on his return from the low-
er country, where they had been unable to sell
mm, by reason of his lee breaking out afresh.
When the ne;.;ro oauie hrorae, hi' was put under
Dr. Ward, anil died, jickson and Hutchings
sued Rollins for a fraud in the negro; the suit
was pending several years, and finally decided
i'l favor of Rollini. I was summnned as a
witness in the c.i'se. I have heard that there
were OTHER SLAVES I'URCHASED BY
OirJACKSON=CO anJ Kutchints and =ent
to the lower country for '.ale; but it is so ionc
since, that I do not a'cllect any other particu-
lar case than the one named; and this one is
impresKd onmii metnory Irom the circnmstancp
of the long and vexation-, lausint, to which Dr.
RolliiH wa< subjecli d, niid the other facts- re-
lato<l as above. Res]iectful ly yours,

S.K. RLYTHE.

It will be clearly seen, that you have
by yoop manner of trea'.ing this sul-
ject, given it mucii more consequence
than it really deserved. You have
greatly enhanced the magnitude of
your oflence against the moral sense of
the community, by the sensitiveness
which you have displayed, by the pre-
varication, shuffling, and misrepresen-
tation which you have resorted to, in
order to avert from you the charac-
ter of a negro trader. But sir, hones-
ty and plain dealing, after all, are the
best policy. This course enables men
to go ahead fearlessly, (even in the facp
of such cnemie? as I have to encoun-
ter,) who are not desperadoes under
the discipline of a mob and riot aristoc-
racy, a principle- never countenanced
by a brave man, a moral man, nor a
man who has any regard for the rights
of others, and the mild precepts re-
commended in holy writ. Such men
are inoffensive and law abiding, and
consider themselves accountable to
whatever they may happen to injure O!
offend by the laws of their country, of
their church, or of society, in an open
and m.anly way, and none other. They
require no vaults to conceal their
crimes on this side of the gr.ave. to
which we are all on our passage. And
suffer mc. in return for the unauthor-
ized liberties yourself, and your weak,
inexperienced young printers here,
and your aspiring partizans of higher
pretensions, to whom I have alluded,
elsewhere, have taken with me, to tell
you and th^^m, that everv attempt tc
conceal gr misrepreseflt the occurrer,-

330 GEN. JACKSON A >E<;K0 TRAUIIR.— llETHENClIIIKST RKPOIIT.'

ces with wliich you are connected, is a' misapplication of Ibose to whom it
serious injurv to you and your cause. . must lie intrusted.
You should show hy your pr.iclice a* i ft is in the very nature ol" things,
■wi II :is your professions, that you are ! that ilie dishOrscrs and rocoivers of
incapabli- of mananivrin!; Ijo avoid re- public money should he displeased at
sponsihilit). Witiiuc,- wliiit lias hcfal- ='11 enquiry into their various opera-
leu vou by denying tliat you nvulo any tions, where any possible discretion
advances of cash to Richard I'^pixTson, may Iw. or has been, exercised. Kvery
fortliose negroes, and the inlroduc tion thing is disagreeable that touches our
of your own certificate attested J. A. intei-esls or our convenience. Tne
u])on your own agreement to l)uy ne- { wisest men know that discretion is, at
groes, which you Considered conclu- beet, but matter of ofrinion, Consc-
sive; when t'.ie fact is, it is conclusive ■ (|ucntly, lie, «ho placed in the situa-
against you, as ihrce days after that i lion to ex.rcise it, would have decid::d
date, your payment to Richaid l'4)ix,'r- ! in exactly ihe same way, when called
son, for ,5-929.45, which }ou stated, six \ upon to judge of its L-xcrcise by aiioth-
months after, was made for lliat ex- i er, would unrc;ervedly coi.demned it.
press purpose, renders your own cer- ; And, in either case, 'Tould be equally
tihcate null and void, to all intent* i honest in his opinion: tlic dilTe.cncc
and purposes, and places you before trit.sulting from l)eing placed in dillercnt
the American people in a new dress, j circumstances. 'But the very reasons
which 1 would not wear for ten times which render such invcftigations dis-
as many bubbles as have l>ccn floating agreeable to those wiio handle the j.ub-
about vou, and the favour of all your j lie money, opci'ale upon those irom
iiiders and abettors in concealing your whom it is collected, to require that
Orimcs." I they should be frequently institut-

, I cd. The apprehension of a strict

scnitiny would, of itself, restrain
many aberrations from correctness. —
UKTnENfll.UCNT Ki:i-OKT. | But tlie ])rineipal benetil is to be ex-

pected from (lie correction of abuses,
in their early stages of existence, be-
fore they h;ive ripened into precedent,
or ellerled an} serious mischief. The
reile<llon?herenriellv sutrtrested. satis-

'O!-'^

There is no subjeel that more vital
!v concerns the w hole body of citizeris,
than the expenditurcsof public monies.
It is no impeachmeiil of any man, or
of n;iv party, to say, that o!i this sul>-

ject, (here is a proncnew to abuse, I lied me; that the recent appointment
.■-ecmiiigl) inseparable from our nature. ' of a committee of Ihe Hou-e of Rcprc-
wiiich can only be kept in check, by senta(i\es, to examine into the slate of
Ihe most active and incessant \<lgilance. | public cxpenditurfc, and enquire what
A disposition is almost univer!>;il, (o re- j exjienses might be- retrenched, wasr
gard the jjublic ptirse as one u[)oniiiot only a corrtct, but a judicious
wiiJi every kind of depredation is al-' measure,
lowable, jirovidcd it is so committed, 1 regarded it as no objection, that i(

as not to incur legal pnnislunenl. 1 was a (inie of high party ex< itcinent,

Men, in other cases ninderate and up- 'and a majority in Congress well di«-
right, appear to lose all cons.cience, [vosed to detect and expose all abuses
ulien exliibiling claims against the pub- that might really exist: or even exag-
Hc. It would seem as if the rage forj gerate that into abuse, which was not
public cilice, that pervades all conn- reprehensible in itself. There is too
liies, might have its orighi in the hope much reason to l^elieve that, except in
of obtaining an np|>or(unily to batten I sueh a state of parties, no cla-e and
upon the public spoil with some degree' Ihorotigh esaminalion would Ive niadc.
of inipunit\. The conviction (hat , A cennnittee. indisposed to fnid limits,
such was and is a prevalent disposition. ■ would be very apt to overlook Ihcni,
gave rise to all tlic eonstitutional and | whilst one determined to find them at
legal cheik-. nhieii have !>een devised,' any rate, woub' !>c ^ure to ferret them
fo protect the pnblii- pursp from the out, if they existed. I'^rom a commitr

RETItE.MCKMK?(T REPORT.

MT

t«e opposed to (he whole body of men j happen witlioiit fault being attached to
engaged in administering the govern- any one. For as the population and
ment, and resolved to disposses tiiem 'lusiness of (he country increases, pub-
of power, if possible, the country \vou'ld j lie labour and public expenditure must
be fure of obtaining an exposition of : increase «-itli Ihein.
all that could be ecnsun^d. Thus the | From these comparisons the Conn-
people would kr)ow the worst that ' miltee pass to something like specifiea-
could be said of their servants, becaiise j tions; and thev first recur to a slander
said by their worst er.emies, with all whispered about last winter to the pre-
the means of detection within tiieir ! judice of tlic late Daniel P. Cook. —
reach. With a reference to this state j This subject was ])rought before th«
of" facts, the report of the Committee ! Committee on the 25th of April, bj
*hould be reviewed and examined. I Mr. Hamilton, tlie Chairman, upon the
The report itself occupies 41 pages; i suggestion of a citizen whom he "rftrf
the documents 39 pages; the journal | ?(0</ec/ o/ /lifrfy" to name. The sug-
and correspondence embodied in it, ! f.estion was, that §5,500 had been paid
cover 48 pages; and the counter re- 1 to Mr. Cook, and that Mr. Barton of
port of the minority, Messrs. Everett t j the Senate — Mr. Letcher, of the House
Sargeant, occupies 70 pages; making I — and the Postmaster General, were
altogether, a book of 199 pages. Ourjconuz.antof the circumstances. An in-
readers will at once, perceive that it 'vestigation was commenced, which re-
is impossible to compros such a work 1 suited in satisfying the Committee, that
as this into an article for a newspaper. I Mr. Cook was sent by the President,

We must therefore content ourselves
with noticing such parts of it as ap-
pear to us most material and interest-
ing to be known.

The committee commence with an
examination of the expenses of the
Slate Department. They make va-
rious comparisons of the expenditures
in the years 1822, '23, and '24, with
those of the years 1825, "26, '27, show

n April, 1827, a secret and confiden-
tial agent to Cuba, and paid about
,s?1000. The Committee con«ider that
Mr. Cook's infirm health, and ignorance
of the Spanish language, made it a
very improper appointment; and hay-
ing said this much, they say they leave
the matter as they find it.

When Mr. Clay was called upon for
informction, in his reply to the Com-

ing an aggregate increase of expendi- mittec, he stated that if requested, the
ture, upon one view, of ninety thou- j President would communicate confi-
sand two hundred and twelve dollars. ' dentiallv, the real and true state of

Upon another view, they make it one
hundred fort\-five thousand four hun-

facts to the Committee. A proposi-
tion was made by the friend; of the ad-

dred and thirty six dollars; and upon j ministration in the committee, to re-
a third view they make it two hundred | quest the confidential information.' —
and seventy-three thousand one hun-!Butthe Jackson majority refused. It
dred and thirty-two dollars, ii is un- belter suited their views to leave the
necessary to perplex our readers with j matter involved in doubt, than to ob-
the data and calculations that produce ' tain tlie truth, and be compelled to ro-
these resulls. They ate of a subtle! port that it was satisfactory.
and unsubstantial character, tending; The case of John H. Pleasants,
rather to mystify than elucidate the i about which the opposition prints have
subject. Figures are employed not to made so much noise, is next introduced,
produce positive, hut coinjiarative de- Mr. Pleasants wag sent in 1825, to car-
monstration: and slritements are madei ry despatches to Rio Janeiro and Bue-
not to show that the expenditures havei nos Avres. He was taken sick on the
been illegal or unnecessary, but to voyage, and, apprehensive his life
show that the expense has been great-l woidd be sacrificed, if he pursued his
cr within three years of the present I voyage, confided his despatches to the
administration, than in the three last j Captain of the vessel, got on board
years of that of Mr. Monroe. Thlsl another vessel, and proceeded to Ebb-
cvfv'' rri'idi'? r^'rid"!' n"!.-;* Icrir,-. rri'^h*' '^'■'^. Th" ''r'-r'."';^'~ n-r^r- •afrtf rf

' K n

SM

RirrnEiicHjmAT iuetort.

eeivcd; and on the return of Mr.
Plf.isaiits, he was paid $1940, upon
the ground that the mi>forturic ol
being taken sick in llic public employ
ougiit not to deprive him of compen-
sation. The Committee think he
ought to have received notiiing, or "a/
all fxcnts,"' not more than tlie payment

of this subject, that serves to charac-
terize the spirit in which the whole re-
port is written. In spccilviiig to whom
the amount was paid, the Committee
set down:

'• Morgan, Lodge ^ Fisher, prinifrsfor
C. Ilamnwnd.'

No man can mistake the objcc t for

of his passage to Buenos Ayres. No i whicli my luime is dragged into thi3
doubt they now thiiik tiiis a very just
view of the cnsc. But shoukl (ien,
Jackson be elected PresiJrnt, Martm
Van Buren be Secretary of State, and

statement. It ir obviously intended to
give color to the thousand and one
Arabian Nights' Tales that are circu-
lated about my connexion with the

Mr. Cliarlcs Wi'.klilfe be sent b'-arer t Secretary of State. Mr name did
of despa'.che*, and encounter a simi- i not appear in the account, and could
lar mislbrtune, — it is clear to me, the ! have no possible relation to it. The
gentlemen who composed the majority i assertion thus made bv the committee,
of the Committee, would then view ; is not true — Morgan, Lodge ^ Fisher,
the thin<j verr difTereiitlv. Every ! are not, ai.d never were, "/)r!'7i/frs ybr

principle of justice required that a
reasonable compensation should have

C. Hanwxind,''' They were tiie pro-
prietors of the CiNci.v.vATi Gazi:tte,

been paid I\Ir. Pleasants. V'hether! wliich they printed for themselves; and
the sum allowed was, or was not, too j in the pecuniary concerns of vThich I
much, I am no competent judge, and 'never had a particle of interest-

cannot take upon me to say. The
Committee consider it exorbitant. —
Mr. Clay thought it reasonable. In [
their illustrations, the Committee re-

Tl'e next exception taken, is to the
sum of ,f'500 paid to Wm. Wirt, At-
torney General, for aiding in prosccu-

^ , . ^ r r^ I ting an individur.l upon a charge of

ter also to an account of George ' l " - '^

Watkins. sent with despatches to Lon-!
don, in 1825, and cause an item (forj
hire of chaise, and pair, from Liv- '
erpool to London, §97 63 cts.) to he
printed in capitals; and introduce also
the aggrc2;ate sum paid to !Mr. Tiico-
dore VV. Clay, but without taking any
exception to it.

The next item of censure noted by
the Committee, is the sum paid for
printing, in 1 026, a notice in relation to
a convention between the governments
of France and St. Domingo. This no-
tice appears to have been printed in
eighteen dilferent papers at dilTercnt
prices. 1 presume this arose from the
circumstance, that some papers print

laving violated the law to suppress
the African slave trade. Thev object
that the District Attorney was* com-
petent to conduct the prosecution, and
that the expenditure was improperly
made from the foreign intercourse
fund.

The ,$4,500 paid to John A. King,
for outfit ap charge dcs aflaires at Lon-
don, is next objected to. This pay-
ment is condemned as utterly illegal;
and it is jiroposed that a call be made
upon Mr. King to refund it; and, in the
event of his refusal, that suit be bro't
against him.

This rcconmiendation is another ev-
idence of the spirit that actuated the

cd the English, only, and not the Span- j<'oni">'*tee. Nothing but the delusion

ish part of the document. The reason
assigned for noticing this item. is. that
in the opinion of the Committee, the
amount, $3,253, greatly exceeds "what
ought to have been paid for such an

uid phrcnsy of party excitement, could
induce any toleralile lawyer to suppose,
that money, paid on the order ol' the
President, for services like those of
Mr. King, could be recovered back in

object." This, it will be seen, is a mere { '^ «"'' at law-
question of expediency, upon which I The sum of , $1000, paid to Jonathan
diirerent men might very honestly dif | Elliot, for 100 volumes of a book enti

fcr in opinion.

tied " the Diplomatic Code," is also

T^erc is a litdc affijir in the notice objected to, as bcvond the value ol the

RETKESCH.UBST RErORT.

3St

article purchased, and a misapplication
of the foreign intercourse fund.

Lastly, th<; sum of ,$16-23 IG cpn's,
paid by tlic State Department for
Newspapers in three years, is no-
ted without specific or general objec-
tion to it.

Such is the whole sum and substance
of the specilication? of unnecessary ex-
pendiiurc, detected by the commiliee,
in tiie State Department. For each
of these expenditures, the previous
usages of the office furnish abundant
precedents. But admitting;, that in
every case, smaller sums might have
been allowed by other individuals,
than the one at the head of the de-
partment, that proves nothing to the
discredit of the present Secretary. —
He has considered the laborer worthy
of his hire, and I think It will be found
that in no period of the Government,
a captious and fault finding committee
would have found less to condemn.
Let Gen. Jackson be three years Pres-
ident, and Mr. Van Buren Secretary
of State, and I will vouch their ac-
counts will be found much more liable
to exception.

The affairs of the Treasury do not
seem to have interested the committee
so much as those of the Department of j were rather disappointed that they

report, say they deem the explanation
entirely satisfactory. It would require
too much room to state here, tlie expla-
nation referred to. It may, liowcver,
be stated, tJiat the dillcrcncc of ex-
pense is accounted for, by showiiig.the
differeiit nmou'it of labour to be per-
formed in dillcrent years, and tho
steady increase of business in 'he office.
The case of the fourth Auditor, is
singled out from tliose of the o'her
Auditors, manifestly for political cliect,
and because an accidental increase of
expenditure, in the last year, gave
some color to the contemplated object.

The committee object to the annual
appointment of Examiners, to examine
Land Ollires, and refer to the case of
Mr. John Scott, of Missouri, employed
for that purpose last year, but pass no
opinion upon it. There could be no-
motive to thus introduce and dispose
of it, but the discreditable one of af-
fording aliment for the vile insinuationt
of the Jackson prints with respect to it.

The expenditures for books, maps,
and charts, and other small contingeii'
cies, are objected to. They " seem
/ar^e," the committee say, and they re-
commend an eiibrt to diminish them.
It is quite manifest, that the committee

State. The Secretary gave it as his
opinion, that the expenses could not be
reduced. The committee " withhold

could find so little to censure in the
Treasury Department, and they pas*
in haste to the Navy, where they were

their concurrence." They find that i not more successful,
the cost of newspapers have annually I The expenses of some Court Mar-
increased, and that the expense of ad- 1 tials arc objected to as excessive, and a
vcrtising is much augmented. The j few hundred dollars for stationary,
aggregate contingent expenses have newspapers, clerk hire, and printing,
eradually increased within the lastiare represented in the same light.

three years, and exceed, by about nine
tliousaiid dollars, those of the three

"j^ considerable sum" the committee
say, " varying from one lo two hnnHrca

last years preceding. The expenses rfo/^ars, is anmially expended in pur-
of the General Land Oflice have di- chasing books for the Secretary's of-
minished. The account is stated, but j ficc alone." This is not positively con-

the fact is not otherwise noticed. Mr.
T. Watkins is the fourth Auditor. He
is very much attached to Sir. Clay,
and is supposed to write occasionally
upon political subjects. Particular
pains are taken to show that the con-
tingent expenses in his office have
greatly increased. The committee
say the explanations offered are not suf-
ficiently satisfactory to justify it.

Messrs. Everett and Sergeant in their

demned, and can only be introduced;
ad cnjiiand\im.

The War Department is introdui . 1
with a high compliment to its " JnU -
ministration" in other words, to !>■•;
Calhoun. This evidence of tl-.e ;-.
tial feelings of the committee was < ^'
necessary. But if any doubt exist-, J
of that feeling it is sufficient to remove,
it. No fact is better established, than
the profusion of Mr. Calhoun, in his

i^

KEIRt.\C«a»*J«r Hiii-OAT.

management of the War Department, i serve the remembrance of thera, and
No head of tliat Department ever paid | also to gralif>- and please them. It ha«
less rt:^ard to specific approjuialioii'^. ' been Uic praclice ^il.C(: the formation
in directing expenditures of public ',of the gov-, riiment, and thi? llie tonv
monej. Yet a committee especially |niillec well knew. The purpose of
engaged in seekin};; out abui^es, and nojo (>bji:c ting lo it cannot be mistaken,
cliarged with enquiring for a correc- 1 Amon;»st olheri, exception is taken
ti»e, step out of their way to compli- j to an allowance made Mr. McKennv,
ment Mr. Calhoun. i the head of tlie I'idian Department,

In the first place, rarious coinpara- for his pergonal services, expenses, &,c.
tive Tiews arc given, all of which re- i Commissioner at Green Bay, and visit-
suit, according to tile opii^ion of the I ing Southern Indian?. The amount i«
committee, disadvantagcously to the |>?7,212, for about six mouths service,
present state of the Department: and, ' Mr. McKenny was the special favorite
conseijurntlyTat every step, anoccasion |of Mr. Calhoun, and under him im-
ig taken to eulogise its condition under • bibed his notions of expenditure. We
the late admini.-lratiGii. The miiiOrity [ should naturally expect him to be lib-
of the commi'tee allege, that the con- ' eral enough. Bui. accordmg to the
clu'^ions of the majority, wlio make the , minority of the committee, the nett
report, arc produced by " an assumed i compensation to Mr. McKenny, al'ter
statement of ficts,"' founded upon deducting his actual expenditures, in
" some misapprehension, which the mi- ] travelling expenses and presents to the
nority ask le.iTC to rectify." This! Indians, would onlv be about 1 '200 dol-
rectilication, appears to me most con- lars, which is a little less per day. than
elusive. But we have no room to in- Bob McHat'on or James Kindlay re-
scrt cither tl::e assumption or the cor-;ccive, for franking Jackson docamcnts
rcction. ' and extra Telegraphs iVom Washing-

When the committee resort to speci- ; ton. And <urelv a man may claim to
fication, they seem to he as much at a ' be better paid for the services pcrform-
loss in the War Department as else- cd by Mr. McKenny, the fatig^ws he
where; although nearly half of the; endured, and the dangers that he
whole expenditure of the government, I encountered, than for lounging at
passes under the control of that dc- W'ashington in the employment stated,
partnient. The co-t of newspapers, I The (Jeneral Post ()ffice is dispatch-
and the price i)aid for printing, consti-lcd in a single paragraph of high com-
tute here, as in the other departments, incndation. Here again the partiali-
one item of complaint. They glance i ties of the committee are manii"ested,
nt the expenses of surveys, hut fasten' I^o inquiry is made as to increased ei-
princij)ally upon the Indirm Dep.art- j pensos, — none as to charjies for ncws-
ment. An opinion has lonir possessed j papers, and the price paid for printing,

my mind, that great abuses existed in
litis branch of expenditure; and I was
much sirrprised that the committee

no invidious comparisons are drawn,
— nothing is said about superiiumerarr
clerks. — the report of the head of the

found so little to censure. The whole | dej)artment is taken for correct, and
annual appiopriation is ,<;r)v'),000. The ' refcrn^d to as conclusive,
items of misapplication, enumerated,; I am not di>posed to detract «nT

I thing from the merits of the Postmaster
$753 000 I General. Yet I am well persuaded
,-,^ fj()Qi that the same grounds of exception
icKX) 0()o' might have been tbund to various ex-
3HI0 00*1 penditures in that department, that
With other charge? — for Indians' j liave been so dilig<'ntly searched out
board, &c. when in Washington. jin others. I recollect, that la't vcnr

The likeness of the President is cn-l the same advertisement, for proposals
graved on a silver medal, to be pre- j to carry the mail in Ohio, was publish-
sentcd to the Indian chief«. And the led at Columbus. Ixibanon, and Cincin-
port raits of ludiaM arc taken to pre- natl. at an eij>en<:c of something like

arc soinething like these:

To a Clerk,

For boiilis of pi)Iitic<, te.

An sill arcoiint, Dr. Sibly.

Takiiij I're«icli'iit Aduais' liksoA^s,

Indiiiii portrait!*,

Hi.VjRJ'JU.liafi.XT Rl^lHlAT.

3.1J

1 30 dollars at each place. Had the
Postmaster Genera! stood in the same
ntkiiowledc;e(i relation to tlie adminis-
tration and the ojiposition, that the
heads of the other departments stand,
the committee, 1 iiave no doubt, would
have found out, that this expenditure
exceeded " i';> amoitnl, that vhich ought
to have beat paid for such an object.^'
I notice this matter only by way of il-
lustrating the eflect that political feel-
ing has evidently had upon the judg-
ments of tlie committee.

In no part of their report have the
committee pursued a more unfair
course, than with respect to the *^ Ex-
ecutive patronage of the press.'^ Thej
exhibit a table of the "amount paid for
printing, advertising, and subscription
to newspapers, by the Executive de-
partment at the seat of Government for
the last three years; and for the Gene-
ral Post office for the last two years."
No reason is assigned for assuming
these ditFcrent periods. In the four
principal departments, they state the
separate account of each for newsp<->-
pers and for printing; the post office
account is given in the gross amount,
and no explanation is given why this
course is pursued. The whole amount
in round numbers, is seventy-eight
thousand eight hundred dollars,

The committee express great appre-
hension and alarm at the use that may
be made of this patronage, and they
propose to take it from the executive
department, and transfer part of it to
the clerks of the two houses, regulate
the disposition of part so as to vest it
in Congress, and give part of it out by
contract to the lowest bidder. To all I
this 1 have no objection. I do not bo- 1
lieve that, in any of these modes, the i
work will be done better or cheaper,
nor do I believe that the existence of]
ihis patronage strengthens the Execu- 1
tive, or that being deprived of it, will
weaken that department cf the gov-
ernment. I doubt whether the exer-
cise of it, has not always rather preju-
uiced than aided the executive. But
JO much clamor has been made about
it, I would prefer to see it vested in
other hands.

When the Committee conie to epeak
oft\^ nxtubcrs of Congress th^^nfelve*.

and their officers, they admit the sub-
ject is one of difficulty, in which there
is room for great discrepancy of opiii-
ion. They saw no room for tliis, when
scanning the conduct of the Executive
officers, thus verifying the maxim, that
chaiity begins at home. They seem
as if hopeless of applying any remedy
to the enormous expenses incurred bj
long sessions, innumerable calls for
documents, and enormous charges for
newspapers and printing. The sug-
gestions made of the best means of
remedying the existing evils, convey
strong imputations upon the conduct of
the members themselves.

To expedite business, and thus
shorten the sessions, the}- propose tl.at
eight dollars per day sh.all be given
every first session up to the first IMorv-
day of April, and after that but two
dollars per day. This proposition sub-
stantially asserts that the sessions arc
prolonged for the pay — that were tl.is
teniplatio;i removed, the public busi-
ness would be despatched, and the
members return home. 1 do not know
tiiat one should consider it surprising,
that men, who attribute such unworthy
motives of action to each other, should
grieviously suspect the integrity of oth-
er public functionaries.

Some remarks are made, on the sub-
ject of calculating mileage, that imply
a great destitution of integrity in those
wlio have given occasion for them. —
The remedy proposed is in character
with those, to which an honest man
would only resort, when necessity con>-
pelled him to employ one he knew to
be a scoundrel.

A portion of dissatisfaction is ex-
pressed towards Meirsrs. Gales and Sea-
ton, and some pains taken to display
the whole amount of money received
by them for public printing, which it
§271,883 37. Messrs. Gales and Scr-
ton arc, however, competent to their
own vindication.

One item of information is disclosed in
this reporl,which,butforif, would most
probably never have been divulged. —
At the time the report was made, 501
reams of paper had been consumed in
folding or enveloping packets, sent bj
members of Congress. The cost was
$2008. If we sappAMi, as was praWSy

343

RETREflVllltKMT KKFOJtT.

certainly the case, that one hall the j have led to important results. It was
sheets were divided, so that each sheet here tliat I\Ir. Calhoun made himself
enveloped two packets, and the oilier conspicuous. U'ho does not remem-
half the sheets enveloped one, the , ber the Johnston contract, and the fa-
whole number of packets would amount mous caseof Gilbert C Russel? There

to three hundred and sixty' thousand.
The committee recommend tliat this
practice be prohibited, and the privi-

is not a case of more outrageous favor-
itism, to the prejudice of the public in-
terest, any where to be found, than this

lege to each member of subscribing for I of Russel. In an attempt to wrest a
three daily newspapers, at the public contract from Russel, and bestow it in
expense, be abrogated. I fact upon Samuel D. Ingham, but nom-

It appears, from the journal of the ! inally upon a friend of his, Mr. Cal-
Committee, that when the members ' houn not only lost to the government
divided in opinion, it was usually upon ! .'5-90,000, illegally advanced to one of
party ground, an evidence that the ] his favorites, but subjected it to pay
judgment is too often made pander to! Russel $J9,000 and upwards lor dain-
thc feelings of the moment. I ages!! Congress is fully acquainted

It is a matter worthy of serious re-] with all the details of this nefarious in-
mark, that this enquir), upon the • trigue,)ct they not only remain silent,
subject of retrenchment of expense.<,j but Samuel D. Ingham is appointed a
was confined principally to questions of member of the Committee to seek out

Clerk hire, compensation for printing,
contingent expenses of foreign inter-
course, and other incidental matters of

abuses and recommend retrenchment!
This is one, of the many instances,
to show with what impunity a certain

the same character. For the year class of politicians may attempt to ag-
1826, the whole expenses were .Sl3,-j grandize themselves and their follow-
0G2,316, exclusive of the sum paid up-| ers at the public expense. The most
on account of the public debt. The , pregnant proof is in print upon this
whole amount of tiiis large sum, which subject, contained in two reports of the
came within the view of the retrench- , Committee of claims, with the accom-
mcnt Committee, was .$189,770. Oflpanying documents. Congress have
this latter sum, all is paid upon speci- [founded two laws, in favor of Russel,
fic appropriations, except about §-80,- upon this proof. Both passed in si-
000. This sum of .$80,000 per year, lence. Ingham dared not open his
is the total amount of expenditure into I mouth in exculpation or vindication of
which the Committee were directed to j his conduct. And the nation arc left

enquire, and according to the views of
the minority of the Committee, there

m Ignorance of the whole transaction.
Though charged home upon Ingham,

is no reason to suppose that dillcrence by Jonathan Roberts, no enquiry has
of opinion would arise about the ex- 'been excited, whilst the payment of
penditure of more than one-tenth of; tifly dollars for an t*ld billiard table, by
this sum — that is, about eiglit thousand 'the President's son, has been rung in
dollars. The smallness of this sum is! all the cabins of the nation. Such is
not stated as an apologv for its misap-lthc unequal course of enquiry and ex-
plication, if in fact it lias been misap- { amination into abuses of public cx-
plicd. But it is slated to «-how how ; penditure. — Cin.G<i:.
trivial is the amount to which the at- j — "=^0^ —

tention of the Conmiiltee has been di- 1 FROM THE aI.BA.ny ARGUS.

"',' ■ , ,. , , 1 .u i be in others, to strive crot /or o mnd'f.i^ '"/jpTt

The annual disbursements under the , ^f Mr. Jackson. He is wholl.y out ,i( the riups-

direction of the War Department, ex- ! tion, so f.ir ns the votes nf New Yorkaremit.

CCed four millions of dollar^. A largo I IndepcndentI, ^f /^e d>sclos,.re, of h,^^^^^^^^

.... ., • J- ■ 1 ' opinions, he roulJ not be inc Af;>u/»/ii-aii caniii-

proporlion ol tins is paid upon indlVlU- j ^jj^j^ j^^ j^ resiiccted as a callunt soldier, but

ual contract* with the department; in | he stands in the minds of the people of thi«

making which, a wide door is open ^^^p''^^^'^''''l^^^\^^''lit'^in^^l

'^ , 1 /- •,• -n ■ I from the Kxenitive Chair. Hu notxu, ssiii*

improvuUnce and tavoriti'^m. inquiry ,-^,^ ,,j^ politic*, art ^»(< too mmmaty f<rT
into this branch of expenditure might 'ttoL"— iW-t

JACKSON'!* BVHRI8M-

343

JACKSON'S BVKRISi'U.

The Richmond F.nquirnr hns at length at-
tempted to Tiinlicate Gun. Jackson from the
charge raiule nj;;iinst him by Judge Williams,
in resi)cct to Lis cotineiiion with l!urr. Tliis
vindirntion is j'lsL juoh a one as a guilty par-
ty usually attempts to make, liiitead of aieet-
iiic; [lie char^'C really mule, it shapes the accii-
satioii ditlorehtly, ami then sets ahout to dis-
prove that which nobody has alleged. A plain
exposition of the real faijtiisall that is necessa-
ry lo sliLiip with iniuificienoy the defence now
eet up.

The charge made by Judge Williams, in his
letter to his friend in Virginia, is in these words:

"He (Jackson) offered me a commission of
captain in Burr's army, or told me I could get
one if I would accept. And, during this affair
tiesaiil to me, in the presence of Judge Stuart,
who though now iloes not remember it, ^^depend
upon i I gentlemen, the division of L'le Union hn3
taken dtep root: }/ou iciil Jind a number of Lue
iknatr, and a number of the nwmhert of the
House of Representative!, deeply involved in thi>
ttheTnc.'"

The reader mu't observe; that this letter
names no particular time «ir place, when or
where. General Jackson t^dd Judge Williams
he could get a commission in Burr's army. It
is also to he noted, that Judge Stuart is not sta-
ted to have been present, when that offer v/as
made: but at a different time, and at a different
conversation, which related not to Burr's army,
but to n division of the Union. These two facts
must be carefully home in mind, in order to un-
derstand the TRICK of the defence.

Now let us ascertain what is the charge, as
it is stated by Gen. Jackson and his friends? —
The Gener.il himself gives it in these words:

"The report is, that this Judee Williams
writes, when a young man he applied to you,
t'len a judge, to lign his license as a lawi,er: that
you did so, but recommended to hiiu, as you
conceived him to be a man of promi:e, to push
his fortune by joining Curr, v/lo teas then in
your house, promising if he would tlo so to pro-
cure him a comuiission as captain in Burr's ar-
my."

Here arc two allegations interpolated into
the statement of Judge Williams, which he did
not make. One, that the commission was pro-
posed at the time he applied to Jackson us a
judge to sign his license to practice law ; the
other, that Burr was then in Jackson's house. —
Having added these two facts to Judge Wil-
liams' statement, the General and his friends
set oat to discredit that statement, by disprov-
ing these ficts i.f their own suggestion! and this
constitutes the main ground of llieir defence. —
The evidence offered is the certificate of Judge
Stuart, a cerlifirateof the time Jackson resign-
ed the olTice of Judge, anil ;i statement maiic
by Mr. .Alston, a member of Congress from N.
Carolina.

Judge Stuart is called upon to tell what he
knows, not in relation to Jackson's conversa-
tion about a division of the union, but in re-
spect to the offer of a commission to Williams.
The following is an extract from his reply :

"In answer to your letter of Feb. 28, in which,
amongrt other things, you enquire whether 1

I ever heard General Jucksen offer to obtain a
commission for Mr. Nathaniel Vt'illiams under
Burr or any other person, A;c. 4:c. 1 respond,
that I never did: that to che best of my recol-
lection, I never was at Gen. Jackson's house
when Burr was there, nor do I rciueinbcr ever
being there with j\ir. Willianis."

As Judge Williams did not allege that Judge
Stuart hear.d Gen JacUjoa offer the cuiiiui:s-
iion, as hciiui not allege it was oUerca at Jack-
son's house when Buir v/as therr?, it is manife-t
that Jo Ige S'uart's statement had no possible
bearing on tlie case. Not one word is said by
Juiige Stuart about that part of Judge Wil-
liams' statement, in which reference is made to
him, as h'lvii'ig h ard General Jackson's decla-
ratMiisabo'it the division of the Union. It can
scarcely be necessary to remark, that this con-
tradicting wdiat was not asserted, and remain;
ing silent as to what was asserleil, wears any
appearance rather than that of fair vindica-
tion.

Gen. Jackson's resignation ol (he office of
Judge was in the forepart of the year 1804.
John Overton was elected his successor on the
1st of August of that year.— This too has noth-
ing to do with the case: — For Judge Williams
ilid not allege thiit Jackroa was a Judge when
the Btirr commission was offered. Why then
is this proof adduced? For no obvious reason,
but that of misleading the public mind.

Next comes the certificate of .Mr. Alston. It
is as follows:

" I hereby certify that in a conversation with
Mr. Jefferson, then president of the United
States, respecting the movement of Colonel
Burr in (lie we't, I observed that the rumour of
the day was, that General .Andrew Jackson had
joined Burr. Not so, or, not true, said Mr. Jef-
ferson, for I this ilay received a letter from him
(General Jackson,) informing ine that he had
seen B;irr, and that Burr said his enterprize v/as
sanctioned by the government, it he, Jackson,
had been tenilcred a tiigh command by Burr,
and asked of Mr. Jeffrtrson tic views of the gov-
ernment, tendering his services, if wantert to
make a descent upon Mexico, as staled by Burr,
but if Burr was not authorized by the govern-
ment to carry on bis enterjirize as stated, then
be, Jackson, was ready to :irrest him.

WILLIS ALSTON.

C/iamberoflhe H. of Representatives,}
Fibruanj II, 18-JC. $

Without placing much confidence in the ac-
curacy of .Mr. Alston's recollection, it mav safe-
ly be admitled, tlu't he heard Mr. Jeil'erson
hold the language stated. — And what dues it
prove? Certainly it proves nothing hut that
Jackson was tampering with Burr. It is Jack-
son's own acknowdedgment that Burr offered
him a high command, and that he thought nf
accepting it. Before lliis certificate can be
made bear upon the innocence of Jackson, it ii
important to know when the conversation was
had with .\lr. Jeil'erson. Upon this mo^t mate-
rial point Mr. Alston is conveiiienlly sih nt.

Let ns look a little at f>me well authenlira-
ted facts. On the -iTth of November, 1806, Mr.
Jefferson issued his proclamation denouncing
Burr, and sent .Mr. Graham a special agent into
Ohio and Kentucky to apprise the state author-
itiesofthe treasonable nature of Burr's objects.
On the -ZM of January, 1807, Mr. Jefferson sent
a message to Congrcs's giving them information

3«i

JACKSON'S BI'BRIKH

of ki< proaeedingi in resfMct to Burr, and ttiCi projccU ware sujpected all eTcr the coaotrrt
inttlligcnce obtained of his morcments. In that, yet Gen. Jack?ou was THEN giving him credit
nx^'sii-p h" thus eToFKsscj hiiuielf: " NOT AP- ' by cmlor^inj bis bilh! On thi- lOlh of Nutciu-
PaiSEI) UNTIL VEIIY LATELY TH \T| ber, or abjiit that lime, Mr. Eastan purchased
AVV BOATS WEllE HL'ILIMNG ON THE this bill of Burr in Nashville: on th; l-2lh of
CU.ViilEllLA.VI), t'lf rffcrl of L'lr proclamatinni Ihc same m'>iith, Gen. Jackson wrate his
hid 'Kcii trusted It for iiirif Inn.- i.i Teitntuee.^' \ fumius letter to Chiiborne. This was singular
This is cdiiclii'ivp pro.if tint (J n Jack^^on had i comluct .An agent to build boati and buy
Flat conimunicat'^l to -Mr. Jcffi-rsou an acooiinl | irovisions fjr Uurr, endorsing his bills to obtain
of the movements in Tenncswe. It was not j him money, givin; the President no informa-
known at Wa^hitijton, that Burr had boats | tion that boats were building on the Cumber-
building on the Cumberland. .Much less was it I land, but writing a confused letter to Claiborne,
known that (Jen. Jark'ion was Unrr's agent to I hinting at danfjer, not from Uurr, but Wilkin-
build the boats. That fact is now placed be- j son, and entcrtaininc Burr at his own house,
yond all dis|>iitc. up to his final departure, on the -22d of Decem-

In 181?, whon Gen. Jackson was at Natchez, ' her, ISOfi. Such was the conduct of General
as comiuanJer of tiie Tennessee Tuluntrers, Jackson, as is now pKiceil beyond controversy.
Blennerhassct sued an attachment agains*. Burr' .Viid in the face of these facts, what does Mr.
»• a non-resident debtor, ;ind summoned Gen. ; .Mston's certificate amount to! — Just nothing,

Jackson as a garni-'hce, alleging that money,
the property of Burr, was in Jack'on's hancfs.
In answer to this suit Gen. Jackson alleged that
Burr was in his debt, and pr:)tlMced the arti-ia-

as to exculpating Jackson from the charge of
Burrism. For th.it is now fastened on him, by
the allidavits of Gen. Coffee and Mr. Eastau.
The letter written to .Mr. Jefferson, mast have

vits of Gen. Coffee and of William Eastin to | been written ourpoiely to deceive. It commu-
prove the fact. The proceeilin^i and docii- 1 nicated no useful information : it was silent a«
mnnts, in thi« suit, have been recently published, I to Curr's aclu.il moveuieuts, and kept out of
at Natchez The f.ilJowing is an extract of j sight thefact that boats werebnilding by Jack-

Oen Coffee's ileposition :

"Sometime in the year 1806 (lo the best of
my re-ulloctjon; .A.miii Burr w.is engaged in an
expedition or enterprise diiwu the Mi^'issiopi,
and which he fail he was authorized lo do by
government; and for the purp.r^e of procuring
provisions and boats for his contemplated plans, I , .. ,.

he, the s lid Uurr, did forward a sum of beiwcen I """ ."•':"'";• '' ""' ^'f .^ "' ''".y "'"'^' '° »^-
three and fo'ir Ihousa:,,! dollars in Ken' ucky I "'■'■"" '" "'"•^ /",'' «' »houM. in all cases
bank not.s, to Gen. Jackson, with a rerpiest ''?^« '''=«" «^<-"t-'>'n^''' before a man received
th.it he woul I procure f,.r him. by purchase the I *"* '"°"*"y'. '""^•""'^ ^.s agen , and endorsed n,.

At the time I f'T"'' -^"^ " *^ Alter having partici-

son for Burr, on the Cumberland ; Had it com-
mniiicated these important facts, in proper
siiason, .Mr. Jefferson would not have remained
ignorant of them until about the 2h\ of J aiiuary.
The suggestion, that Burr stated to Jackson
and others, that the Government approved hit
movements, can have very little weight in Jack-

nmouut in boats an, I provisions. .'M the time
Ge I. Jackson received the sum alluded to, I
was connected with him in mercantile business,
at tlie Clover Bottom, 'i'eiinessne, and on the
receipt thereof, the General shew me his in-
•truetions, and hamled the moiiey or notes over

paled in his projects, and contributed to carry
thera into effect, it is a poor storv to say — Burr
told me the Governnicnt approved thera.

If, when Gen. Jackson received Burr's ibo-
ney, and bi'caine his agent to buihl boats and

to me, with a retpiest that I woiiid transact the 1 '"') [>rovisions; if, when he endorsed Burr's p«.
bu-incss. for Mr. Burr, aii<l ta behalf nf the mer. l'<"f> he believed the Government approved bi>
cantit' firm, atme alluded to, I did to; and made projects, why has he ever deiied his connection
eontractt fvT teveral boaU for Mr. liurr.'i wi"i Tiwr'' Why did he not at once avow it,

and give the explanation? If he believed the
Here is indubitable proof that Gen. Jackson Government approved what was going on,
received ininey from Burr, to employ in the I surely it was as innocent to engage men, "as to
purchase of boat.- and provi>ions. This money I buy provisions, or build boats; why then be-
was expended by Jackson's own partner, (Cof- ; tray so much excitement, at the allegation of
fee,) in lunkiiig purchases. No one would ex- Williams, about a cominis-ion in Burr's army*
peel that Gen. Jackson or (Jen. Coffee, woulil ! ".'J litxl," — "a calumiit/,"' — "a base calumny,'"
now coufe-s that they knew burr's object to i are the terms which the General himself ap-
have been unlawful. But they were agents: — [dies to the charge of offering Uie commission,
received his money, and contracted for the I repeat, to enlist men, waa no worse than to
building of boats. Anil of this fact, the gov- build boats, and if the latter was done in inno-
ernment was kept in ignorance. For it must ^ cent ignorance, the j'ormer might have been
he remenihered, that on the '22<1 of January, , [daced on the same ground. Gen. Jackson
1S07, Mr. Jefferson said he was not apprised, ! might have said, and in my opinion woulil havo
until »ery lately, that boats were built on the I -aid, "I do not recollect offering a commission

Cudiberlaiwi.

The following is an extract froii
tan'a adidavit :

Mr. Eas

I to Mr. Williains, but I may have sngcested it
to him. I had confidence in Uurr. 1 believed
he was acting with the approbation of tbegor-

I eminent. In that belief t aided hini; was h'»
agent to build boats and buy provision, until 1
discovered that he was not acting with the

I knov.lrdce «( the Government, and then I
abandoned him." This would he the natural
language, was Gen. Jackson irapofeil upon by

I Burr. Mis denial, and his allegation that the
It was early in November, that Tlurr was ar- i charge wuj a base calumny, show that he wat
7M»H fn T'rnnkfTi, J»rjrl tli»n his trra-'Tnible ' nir >> ^ipr, but a pnrti.'ia of Burr • 3(ii>i Js

"I d» certify, that sometime about the lOlh |
of November, 1896, I purchased n bill of ex- j
change from .Aaron Burr, drawn by him on 1
George iM. Ogden, of New York, at ninety
days «ii;ht, lor five hundred dollars, with An-
drew Jackson n< endorser."

JACKSON'S BURRISM.

345

the legitimate deOuctivn from the whole con-
duct of hisparlizans. But they caiiuot rescue
him from the odium of beinj; concerned with
Burr. That is a fact they can no longer dis-
pute. It is hung upon high, by the testimony
of Coffee, who was also concerned with hira.
ft now rem iins fjr the General and his parti-
zans, like all detected culprits, to justify, what
they have lienied. And we may expect soon to
Bee them maintain, that it was perfectly inno-
cent to do that, which a short time past, they
denounced it calumnious to allege against
th'ir chief.

There is nothing more difficult than to patch
up, and ^.Jt together :i consistent story, where
the object is to pervert the truth. The
advocates of Gen. Jackson have experienced
this in their cffurts to rescue him from the im-
putation of a participation in the projects of
Barr. Whilstlhey have been buMly engaged in
the east, in collecting scraps of testimony to
show he nei-er was concerned with Burr, the
teftimony of his confidential friends and part-
ner ha.' been brought to light in the west, fully
establishing this charge. Whilst one tale ha's
be- 1 told at Richmond, and another at Char-

lotiisviile, each supnorted by documents, n

document has been published in the west, put-
tinjc them both completely down. One day
we hnve published in Cincinnati, a certificate
of a member of Congress, stating Mr. Jefferson's
declarations exonerating .iacksxiu,— the next-
mail brings us the document addressed to Mr.
Jcffer-on himself, stamping the Congressman's
certificate with incorrectness.

We have already noticed the Richmond de-
fence, in connexion with Mr. Alston's certifi-
cate,—we now proceed to notice the Char-
lottesville defence, which is published in the
Virginian Advocate of August 2il.

The first effort is to prove that Judge Wil-
liams really did allege that the commission,
in Burr's army, was offored to him, when be
applitd to Gen. Jackson to sign his licence as a
lawyer. The whole effort on this head is a ve-
ry unfair one. But it is not necessary now to
notice it. JVe ^lave siven the charge as really
made by Judge Williams, which the Advocate
omitted to give; and it puts this suggestion at
rest.

and " though somewhat diilrusled by tome, wa'
considered an ettgant acqinsition to it." He also
makes the following statement ;

" Sometime previous to the Ball, a young gen-
tleman who resided in my fmnily iu Nashville,
appeared anxious to go with Col. Burr — he af-
terwards cooled off. And questioned on the
subject, by myself or some one in my presence,
he stated that a Mr. Caffery, I think was the
name, had been about that lime advised— ver-
bally or by a letter, I am not certain which

by Gen. Jackson, to have nothing to do with
Col. Burr's expedition."

Now let it be remembered, that tlie Nash-
ville Gazette of December -20, 1806, contained
the following article;

" Col. Burr arrived, on Sunday evening last
at Gen. Jackson's, nine miles from this town,
and has been in this place several times this
week. He appears to be preparing for some
moTements, we know not where."

Let it also be remembered, that the Presi-
dent in his message of January "22d, 1807, states,
that Burr descended the Cumberland the 22d
of December, 1806, and it follows conclusively,
that Burr was at this ball under the patronage
of Jackson, being then an inmate of bis family,
■lunng the Very last act of his preparation in
the West. G-^n. Jackson was his agent to build
loats and buy provisions. Gen. Jackson en-
dorsed his pafier. Gen. Jackson received him
into his house, and associated with him, at a
ball, in Nashville, almost a month alter the
President's proclamation denouncing him as a
traitor. And yet we are to be made believe,
that Gen. Jackson abandoned him so soon as
the character of his plans was suspected ! 1 Who
in his senses can believe it?

A statemeut is also given from Mr. Joshua
Baker,in reference to a communication made to
him by a Mr. Caffery. We give the following
extract :

The next argument is, that supposing Jack-
son to have made the offer, unless he made it af-
ter he knew Burr's projects to be unlawful, it
was not criminal. This argument, loo, we have
answered. Before Gen. Jackson lent himaelf
to Burr, afid gave cougtenance to, and recom
mended bis schemes, be ought to have been snie
what was their character. To participate in
guilty projects, and afterwards to profess igno-
rance of their character, is the common case of
all persons detected in crimes. Had be acted
»n good faith, there was no occasion to deny so
vehemently as he does, and his partizans for
him, any act or part in the movements of Burr
Misconduct woaid have been acknowledjrcd
and vindicated. '°

The defence concludes with an attempt to
discredit the statements of Judge Williams bv
certificates, and Gen. Jacki-on's letter to Mr
JeflersoD. These require a little examiuation.
. r 7I?„l^- ^^'»"''"s states, that in the win-
ter of 1806 or 7, he was a member of the dan
cmg assembly of NashviUc, that Burr came to
town and was invited by the managers, that
some objection was made, a fall meeting called, I
loa the invitation sanctioned. Burr attended, I double game, or they miy .■Te'^^r to shoirtia'?

" Burr visited Tennessee, staid sometime at
Nashville, and was often to see Gen. Jackson,
A friend of Burr went to see Gen. Jackson, and
while in familiar conversation with him, asked
him what he would think of the man who had
the talents and means to separate the Western
States Irom the Eastern, and make the moun^
tains the dividing line. The General replied
that he would consider him a traitor to his
country, and would be one of the first to take
his life. Here the conversation ended. This
friend of Burr returned to Nashville, where
Burr then was, and no*doubt communicated to
him Geo. Jackson's answer to this oblique
question. This conversation awakened Gen.
Jickson's suspicions, (or he wrote to Governor
CLuborue, putting him upon his guard agianst
Burr. I ;laiborne was then Governor o( the
territory of Mississippi. Gen. Jackson also re-
called from the service of Burr all his young rel-
atives who had been induci*d to join Burr under
tUe belief that he was going to revolutionize the
Spanish dominions in North Amerifa. Mr.
Caffery was one of them. I think (though I
will not be positive,) that Mr. C showed me
Gen. Jackson's letter to hiiv, advising him to
abandon Burr."

The facta here stated, at second hand, may
serve to show that General Jackson played a

34» JACKSON'S Bt'RKlMM.

alter Burr La J been generally abaudont-d, tt.e , This tender of services is in iUelf, not a little
Gen. r. too g .vt- l.im up. But thc> ca.iuot be yn^ular. It .8 on., to be bindi,,^ unde the
received to disprove the facts now bcl.re the command of the Grntral himsel. Hi- is .,ar

•'^^'''ull I "^'''"^^ ""^"^'■'""'""''°"'^™*''M *"^"''' '"">'■' "THAT IS, C.NDER MY COM-'

of h.shill, the r,:,-cjvin? -.im at his house ami j MAN U." And these volunteers were onl> t,/be
keeping h.m a week on the very e^e of his de, offered aud a-cepted, ,f command.^ -iv M«r
part.ire, are now establi-hod bc,ontl all doubt. ; mm n,iireri,and SUCH \5 MAY IJE RKc''>l
And they speak a ianirnage not e.\:.ctly in ac- j ME.NUEU BV THLIR GENER-v- ■• T„^
cor1iu.cc with this rrrtihcate. 1 „huk- was to be s.. „r^an,^ed as that "THEIR

But Jack^n's letter to President Jefferson, GE.NERAL " should be o,uu..«ite„t w.thVh^n
that cerlaiuly must put the whole s.ury at rest! Why all this precaufon, if nothing extraordi
Her It 1.., and it speaks for itsclt. j uary was on fool ?

"THE rnEsiDE.NT OK THE I'MTED STATES, I - '* '■"l""5>t>le to Say in what light .Mr. Jef-
SiK,— In the event et insult or aggression ' •«""■' viewed this offer. Han he considen-d it
made on our government aud country fro.m im- '"^'^. "' P"blic chamcttr, it would have been de- .
<irAmER, I am so well convinced that the pub- ; P"*''™ '" »''<" Public archives. By retaining it
lie sentiment and leelingof the citizens within 1 vi"'"i'^!r Pf'^^'e papers, it would seem that
this state, and particularly within my division. ! r' •'^"'"■*0'> attached but little importance to
arc such, of such a aiture and such a kind, that I

I take the liberty of tenlering their stnices— ; "The Charlottes\ilIe Advocate prints the
that is, under my comiuand :— and at one mo- | words ••fhom a.nv (iL'.»RTER"in smal, capitals,
mriifs warning: after your signification that ,>""' attaches great importance to them, .s in-
this tender is acceptable, my orders shall be ' 'ending to include Burr's plans. Thi.- i- a far
given cviformably. ; fetched inferi nee. Why not frankly a<'visetnc

1 '.e« leave to offer to your view, the enclosed ; I'r> s dent .f Burr's moveme.its? Why nt t say
orders fjme short time ago is-ued by me: since '" '"™' ' ''ave been deceived by th.s man— He
■which time I have not been furni-hed with com-' *••'* I'"' money into my hands — 1 hive made

plete returns of Ihj volunteer companies: but purchases fi r bim— I have endorsed his notes

fr.jMi tJie iniormatiou I posses, I have 'lo rioubtj ' "•» fe-i'ly to atone forthiserror bv prompt ac-
thi.t ihree regiments of volnn^e^rs (to be com-! ''°" *"''a>' his course? Had Jackson held Ian-
man ul b, their own officers, and such as may ' S^'ige like this to the President, it would tend
be recaminended by thnr Gtnenil) can be!''''"''"''''-' to '"S exculpation. The lanu-uagc
brought into the field, ready to march, in t-wen-j ^'^ ^^a? held prove* only that he meant to de-
ty d, ys Irom the receipt.il' orders | ccive, and prepare the way to secure himsel'in

Aonrnf ..«=..,cn„„= ..." „... u.-u : ,_ .. 1 »n„ „„„>, j^g ,„oto to the President, and

J •^■■j^ ■i^.-u* tui ii.i^(;jfiv iH oFuers | ..^•»-, .iiiu picparc ine way li

Accept assurances of mv hiu-h consideration ""J' ("veut. He wrote to tl

and respect, A.NDflKW JACKStJN, made a pompous tender of

M. G. 2d Division, Tennessee."! mained silent as to the trinsa

The reader will perceive that this letter :' ^^^^^,''^"'': ''^'i^'^^^''"'^^ ^^encoMnbutiu^'hU

witho.d..e. his^wever en^^d':;^;! i!^:^.^ ^:r:^::;,..J'' "■^'•■"'^'^

services. He . .
■actions of Burr, to

Jeffcrsui. >is re< Pivi-li Nov. 24, ia)C. It iscer-
tai'dy d'^ (lit to se.c how it proves any thing,

inference is strongly against him.

This letter to Mr. Jefferron, however, serves
one useful purpose, upon account of which it is

11 Jill (l><i> i* V.^-. U _•(-■■ ■. .

bi- ■. .t tieneral Jickson was xhoniK,..! , "' °"<^,"-'''"' PUfpo»e, upon account of which it is

purchasing It nromiscd 'o I'l h ."^l T, ?^ > "'"i'^'^i ■'' 'o it= being sanctioned by the gov-

A N r BUAT.-^ WHiE urjlf r)l\r nv i lir ^°"""""'< °^ "bout being ready to arrest Rtirr.
Cv\IBKRL.i.\D" "LJ't-W.NG O.V HI K It shows very conclnsively that -Mr. Willis Als-

So lar Irom regarding this letter as evidence !v'it'h'"]r''?UT"'"^, '*''"",'. ''i!' "'»^-^"»"°°
that Oon l-»rlAnn ,^1- n„. „ ' . . 5 ' " •''^•■'*"^'^°"- wlio could have no mot ve

Burr, U ^em; tome a d^cn^meiU oCr'; -^s"' ' ]"'T "'^" ""'" ""' i'^, '"^' '|«^ ^''- "''•
cious' character. He l,.-id o de ed his ^iv"s 'on ' Mr A.rrT' '"'^1 T"^ '"vT/k %""" f'"*'"'' ^^
to h« ready for action, he commn, icatnV h^ h L n^! t-r?' ^

fact to the President wiih ^irr.,Z T r I l'''l«-rs. Here, then, is, one certificate-man

patr- tl "a H hid o n? ? professions of I put to silence. What a pity the busy-bodies.

'ordered mo " vi t 1^", bt .rThe' "^l of T '"' '."t •=";'''^"*^ '"'"'" '■"^' •='"''' '""'
the constitute.! authorities. So lar he preoired l- ve T 'V ." ^'i^'.'^'">' '""«"•' ^^^i ""^^

the way to dec.ve both the e.ocmi^:::!:;';^^^ 'n::: ^^^t :^r "'''"'"''' '''""' "''''''■

iltl'\T,e Ki.,:;^^;h^^' '" '°''"' M , '"--'"-onofthissubiec,.Ir«,„esttherea-

vvould appear very differently undel other cl;: ^"'-i^"" -'"en „, Oct-.ber or early ,n No-
cumstances.

Again. VVhy w.-w this call upon the mililia,
and tender ol service made ! Ihe cxi-cutive
had not orvtered it : and without «u-h order, ii
wa'- at lea-t rather an officious act. Doing lo

veinber. At that time the projects of Burr
were the general theme of conversation in the
we.st, and a dark cloud of 'uspicion rc'-tcd upon
Ihem. Gen. J.ick-oii wrote to the Pre-ident in
reference to Ihe public safety, t was silent a
the grave with respect to Burr and his projects

o the v. V ev >r l-"t""""- I ^^^^''-^o^"-^' Let It be remen.bered, that in Ihe mid t of ai
mo e lo, • ,n 1 V. t"-^'"*-- •" "'•' .""•■'")■. ^->\ 'his alarm and apprehension. Gen. Jackson-
SlTti r. „M sTw'" P"'"--'-^'-^ °f '°J- ".orcantileconcen;,' conduct..! b, Ge... cX
ally t^..M i,y of bis countrjmea. I ,v« biiiWin; boats, and buying provi'ious. fc

THE PnOOr MrLTIPT.IES.

341

Burr; that Jack=on wa3 endorsiog his papir,
aii-.l entertaining him ill his tiouse; e:o*Oe witl.
hi.i. to balls, anJ trpatiuj; him as an hon.'rable
.man. Lpt all this be remoiubered, as now ( s-
tablished to bp true bejond con'rovers) ; aod
with tbee recollections, let every honest man
giv.what character he can to the letter in qup<-
tion. Further comment cannot be necessary. 16.

THE PROOF Ml'LTIPLIES.

The nail is clinched. Whilst the V'irginia
■advocates of Gen Jacksou are quilting togeth-
er a miserable defence of shreds and patches a-
gainst the charge of Burrism, direct proof, to
contradict them, is elicited and multiplied upon
the very theatre where the transactions took
place. The deposition of Gen. Coffee fully es-
tablishes the fact of J ackson's agency for Burr,
in the receipt and expenditure of money, for
boats and provisions. Mr. Eastan's deposition
proves the fact that Jack'on, about the 10th of
November, 1806, endorsed a bill drawn by Burr
for f.50O. We have now before us, two origi-
nal letters, written by Gen. Jackson, which go
still further. They are given to the rublic by
Dr. Boyd M'Nairy, of Nashville, in an article
published by him, in the Whig and Banner of
August 1'2. And he asserts that the originals,
in the hand wnting of Gen. Jackson, are in his
hands for inspection.

Copy of a letter from General Jindrc-w
Jackson, dated

Hermitage. Sept. 25, I80fi.

Col. Burr is with me, he arrived last
fiierht — I would be happy you would call
and see the Col. before you return — say
the Gen. O. tliat I shall expect to see him
hereon to-morroiv with you— Would it
not be a.e/< for us to do something as a
mark of attention to the Col. He has al-
ways and is still a true and trusty friend
to Tennessee — If General Robertson is
with you when you receive '.his Be good
enough to say to him, that Cnl. Burr is in
the country — I know the Get). R. will be
happy in joining in any thing— that 7i;ilt
tend to sho-j) a mark of respect io this wor-
ruY visiT.\sT. With due Esteem.

ANDREW JACKSON.

Copy of another teller fr in the same.
.Dear Friend

I send ynu live hundred dollars. It ap-
pears to me I said I would send ynu g 1000.
Hut when I came (o myself i found there
were appropriations made that I knew
nothing of. This I learnt at the store, and
Two Journeys to perform, and e.xpences
'.0 be born that my recollection did not
Jerve me with at the moment — Tomorrow

when you come up arrangements shah be
made, 90 as to accomodate as far as I cao
— My dear sir, do not fail to come up
tomorrow, at ten o'clock I will meet you
at my house; I have to see Gen. Smith in
the morning at his house — The Boats I
think you said five in number and some
P.irk you would furnish— these must be
done against the 20th of December next
but more of this tomorrow — you must set
out inaverry few days, I will furnish the
neerifull — The cash now sent is in part for
the boats — the ballance on delivery — Ei-
ther in bank bills or a Draft on New Or-
leans the ,'53(X)0 being all the cash that
can be fuioished,this must be appropriated
to the best Possible advaBiage — and to the
last shilling will be put in your way if you
can furnish the Boats and Pork except
so much as will meet the engagements al-
ready entered into, — I send you twenty
$-Z0 bills and ten §10 bills — which I wish
sate to hand, and begjounot to (ail come-
ing up tomorrow — 1 -^cish to start amesseit-
ger on monday next —

Health'and respect

ANDREW JACKSON.

On the 25th of September, 1806, Col. Burr
was at the Hermitage. Gen. Jackson sent a
note o I invitation to his friends to come and
visit Gol. Burr, and suggested that it wouM "■be
veil li dn something ts a mark of attention to the
Colonel " He named Gen. O. (no doubt the fa-
mous Geo. Overton,) and Gen. Robertson. —
The latter he knew would "6e l^appi/ in joining
in anij thin^ that would tend In slific a mark nf re-
spect to this WORTHY visiTAKT." — " 'Vorthy vis-
itanty The publication of the Querist, feel-
ing the public pulse upon the subject of dissolv-
ing the Union, w as commenced at Marietta the
forepart of September. Burr h&d jn^t left that
place. He tnivelled in haste to Nashrille, and
this publication was scattered through the Wes-
tern country, diflTu-iiig doubt and sus]iirion. —
At the Hermitage he is a worthy visitant — one
to whom some mark of respect ought to be
shown; because, forsooth, ho was always '■ta true
and Inisti/ friend to Tennessee." The llich-
mond Enquirer writer had the folly to assert
that, on Burr's visit to the Hermitage, h& was
"■cldli/ received,'''' and remained ^^only two or
three hours." This note of warm commenda-
tion, under the General's own band, asserting
that Burr came last night, ami inviting visitants
lo-morrinc, is an a|)propriate csposition of the
correctness of this part of the defence. Gen.
Jackson was the warm friend, the delighted
host, and ardent eulogist of Aaron Burr, .it the
close of the moath of September, 1806. But

;i48

THE PROOF MILTII'LIES.

this it not all. The other letter is pregnant
with equally important matter.

" I send you 500 dollars. I promised lOOO.—
But there were other appropriations. Two
journies to perform, and expenses to be borne'
that I did not remember. The Boats, five in i
number, and some pork — must be done by the
20th of December next. You must set out in a
very few days. I will furnish the needful. I
wish to start a messenger on Monday."

Here it is manifest that the person to whom
this letter was written, was employetl in many
tfiiegs. He was to furnish boats and pork, and
>7as also to go on siunc urgent mission upon
which he " MU.ST set out m a few dai/s."—'" 1
tcuh «o slarl a ME:SSEN^GEli on Monday.^'—
Can any reajionabJe man doubt what it was that
involved the Gouernl in such a hurly-burly of
business? Let it be remembered that it was om
the 22d of December that Burr, in fact, left
Nashville disappointed and disheartened. Let
it be remembered that ihc firm of Jackson and
Coffee were engaged in procuring boats and
provisions, by the sworn admission of Coffee,
when adduced aA a witness by Jackson himself.
Let these facts be connected with the warm re-
ception given Burr, at the Hermitage, in the
Jettcr of September 25, and there can be no
question that nil this hurry and bustle was the
consequence of active co-operation with Burr.
Two journey's were to be performed — a meascn-
gct was to bo sent — money to be paid, all in the
Bervice, or upon account of Burr. What can
impudence itself now say, to exculpate tlie Gen-
eral from the charge of Burrism? The excuses,
apologies, and denials of his Virginia advo-
cates are scattered to the four winds of Heav-
en.

Scepticism itself can no longer doubt. The
proof is irrefragable. One fact corroborates
another. Received in his house — recommend-
ed as deserving tokens of respect — company in-
vited to visit liim — money reccivetl — money ad-
vanced— agencies |)Prformed — messages sent —
journics superintended ! In September, again in
December, (^ to the last nu>ment that he was in
the country '. What more could be done, except
it were to join him in raising the standard of
rebellion, end signing a proclamation declar-
jpg war against the Government? Compare the
facts here established, with Ihosr pr»vcn upain«t
John Smith, whom ninctei^n Senators voted to
expel as Burr's associate, and it will bo seen
that Jackson's case is much the strongest.

Whst was the proof against Smith? lie re-
ceived Burr, at his house, and treated him re-
spectfiiily. His son carried a letter to Blan-
Berhnsscfs Kland, supposed to be sent by Burr.
He wrote u letter to Burr by Peter Taylor, in-
quired of him what the people said of Wilkin
son, imd advised him not to go to o tavern lest

the people sift him with questions. Burr drew
an order upon him for 500 dollars, which be
paid, and another order for an equal sum which
he did not pay. He made Burr a visit, at
Frankfort, Kentucky, in the forepart of De-
cember, 1806, and he received a letter from
Burr shortly before that time — These were the
allegations against -Mr. Smith, except the testi-
mony of Ellas Glorer, which was considered as
discredited. All these allegations were ex-
plained, or contradicted. Yet nineteen Sena-
tors voted to expel him. Amongst them, Mr.
Crawford, and Mr. Smith of .Maryland, both of
whom would now make Gen. Jackson Presi-
dent!

The facts now established against Jackson,
arc a great deal stronger than any thing charg-
ed upon Smith by color of evidence. He took
Burr again and again to his house, eulogised
and recommended him, advised men to join
him, bought boats and provisions, lent money,
endorsed bills, sent mtssengers, and finally al-
lowed his nephev\- to accompany him on his C
nal departure. He clung to him to the last,
and never advised the Government of a single
circumstance of all Burr's movements. His
letters to -Mr. Jefferson and Governor Clai-
borne say not a word of Burr, not a word of hi*
movements, and only serve to involve Lim more
deeply in the charge of duplicity towards both
Burr and the Government. So complete is the
evidence of his Btirrism, and of his double deal-
ing, that the only matter for doubt is, whether
the letters, to Mr. Jefferson and to Governor
Claiborne, were written to aid the treason, or
to provide a retreat for himself in case of failure.
To the facts, as they are now presented, uo
man has a right to shut his eyes, or to refuse
hiscfedencp. No man who examines them can
hesitate. Jackson was the active co-operator
of Burr, and never deserted him until he had ta-
ken his final departure. He has concealed and
denied this co-operation, which is always
deemed the criterion of guilty intention. When
the proof is exhibited, he uov remains silent.
He stands mute. Every friend of the country,
every upright man, is bound to look to it. It
is treason against all good principles to permit
party predilection to blind the understanding
or warp the judgment. To aid in electing Jack-
son President, with this proof before the world ,
Ls not less criminal than it would be to elect
the arch conspirator himself. What confidence
can henceforth be repo?rd in public virtue, if
the people of the United State, with the full
proof before thorn, elect the coadjutor of Burr,
President of the United Slates. Heaven for-
bid that such a stigma should come upon our

countrv.

Cin. Ga7

FUNERAL OP DlCKINSOjr.— GEN. JACIiSON'S ECONOMY.

34SJ

FUNERAL OF DICKINSON. '

We again republish the particulars of the
Suneral of Dickinson, killed, in a duel, by Geo.
Jackson. These particulars are taken from a
paper of the period, whou the events occurred,
and could not have been prepared lor election-
eeriuj; purposes. They speak for themselves,
and every man should read them with atttu
lion. The unfeeling and dictatorial spirit of
Gen. Jackson appears in its true colors. What
now, would be said of a man, who, in simdar
circumstances, shoHld act in this manner? — ib.

FUNER.\L OF U1CKI.N?()N.

PROM THE IIHP.\RTIII, REVIEW ANI> CUMBER-
LAND REPOSITORY.

Nashville, June 7, I8OI).

On Friday the 23d ultimo. Gen. Andrew
Jackson came into this oiTice and told the Edi-
tor he hid received information that -Mr. Chas.
Dickinson was about 'o have a piece published,
ivhich respected himself; and demartied a sight
of it, his request was complied with; a few
hours after which, we are informed the General
challenged Mr. Dickinson which was accepted,
and a meeting agreed upon in the state of Ken-
tucky, on the Friday following', at 7 o'clock \.
M. They acpordiiigly met with their friends.
Gen. Thomas Overton and Dr. Hanson Catlett,
near Col. Harrison's on Red River, at the hour
appointed ; where upon exchange of lires Mr.
Dickinson received a mortal wound, of which
he died in a few hours; Gen. Jackson was slight-
ly wounded by the ball passing through his left
breast.

On Sunday evening last, the remains of Mr.
Charles Dickinson were committed to the grave,
at the residence of Mr. Joseph Erwin, attended
by a large number of citizens oi Nashville and
its neighborhood. There have been few occa-
sions on which stronger impressions of sorrow
or testimonies of greater respect were evinced,
than on the one we have the uawelcome task to
record.

In the prime of life and blessed in domestic
circumstances with almost every valuable en-
joyment, he fell a victim to the barbarous and
pernicious practice of duelling.

By his untimely fate the community is depriv-
ed of an amiable man and a virtuous citizen,
his friends will long lament with particular sen-
sibility the deplorable event.

Mr. Dickinson was a native of Maryland,
where he was highly valued by the discrimina-
ting and good — and those who kncio him best —
respected him most.

With a consort that has to bear with this, the
severest afflictions, and an infant child — his
friends and acquaintances will corilially sym-
pathize. Their loss isabove calculation. May
heaven assuage their anguish by administering
such cojisoK;tions as are beyond the power of
human accident or change.

The subscribers, citizens of Nashville, and its
vicinity, respectfully request Mr. Bradford and
Mr. Eastin to put the ne.\t cumher of their pa-
pers in mourning, as a tribute of respect for the
memory, and regret for the untimely death of
Mr. Charlfis Dickinson.

Hanstm Catlett, Thomas E. Wagaman,
1 homas G. Watkins, Boyd McNairy. John Mc '

Nairy, Wm. Tait, Duncan Robertson, John H.
Smith, Thomas VVdhamsoii, Wm. T. Lewis,
John Nichols, Thomas C. Clark, Daney Mc-
Craw, Johu Maclin, Jeremiah Sc .les, Timothy
Demonbrum, Eliscia J hiiston, Jas. P. IJuwnes,
Wm. B, Robertson, Wm. Ljtle, D. Moor, Kobt.
Stoteart, J.Gordan, J. B. Craighead, ?. B.ium,
.Alexander Cruighcad, John Read, Robert P.
Currin, Roger B S^appingt in, Roger B. Cur-
rty, Thomas Swaon, Ernst Henoir, V\m. Y.
Probcrt, C. Wheston, J. Lfaird, firrvey Lane,
Samuel Finney, Wm. Black, R. Hewett, Thos.
Kam!.c\, Natfiauiel .VlcCrairys, Thomas Na-
pier, Robert Hughes, James King, Robert Bell,.
Felix Robertson.

Mr. Eoftin, — I am informed that at the re-
quest of sundry citizens of Nasnville and its vi-
cinity, you are about to dress your paper in
mouriiii g "as a tribute of resptct for the mem-
ory, and reijret for the untimely death of Chas.
Dickinson."

Your paper is the public vehicle, and is al-
ways taken as the public will, unless the contra-
ry appear— presummg that t/ie public is not in
mniiming at this ei<ent— in justice to that pub-
he itis only fairaiiJ right to set foifh the names

of thc?e citizaos who have made the request.

The thing is so novel, (hat names ought to ap-
pear that the public might judge whether the
true motives of the signers were -'a tribute oC
respect for the iteceased," or something else that
at first sight does not appear.

Yours, with esteem,

ANDREW JACKSON

June 6th, 1806.

In answer to the latter request of Gen. Jack
son, I can only observe, that previously, the re-
quest of some of the citizens of Nashville and
Its vicinity, had been put to type, and as soon
as it had transpired that the above request had
been made a number of the subscribers to the

amount of 'i6, called and erased their names.

Always willing to support by my acts the title
of my paper— always willing to aitend to the
request of any portion of our citizens, when
they will take the responsibility on themselves
induced rae to comply with I he petition of those
requesting citizens .and place my paper ic
mourning— impartially induces me also tj at^
tend to the request o: Gen. Jackson. Editor

GENERAL JACKSON'S ECONOMV.

Tlie advocates of Gen. Jackson pro-
fess themselves devoted friends of re-
treiiciiment and economy. One objecl
they allege, of supporting Gen. Jack-
son, is to obtain hi.s aid and counte-
nance in rcfoiming abu.ses and re-
ducing expenses, at Wishi-igton. I(
is therefore an important intjuirj,
whether in principle and in liahits,
Gcni Jackson is a man <iua!ified to aid
these objects. It has already been
made known, that Gen. Jackson, in
exiiibjting chaiges against the govern-

350

GFN. JACKSON'*! ETONO.MV.

Lxlra rati 1L.1!

Fornqe . . . .

Pay, sub-iftcnce, Uc. for servants

Transportation . . -

Quarters and fuel

For hol-inp treaty with Chickasaw

and Chemkpe Indian^ 72 days
Expenses for eel' and Secretary to

Cliieka»a\v Council bouse
Do. t>i Turkp\ town
Do. from Turkey Town to Nashville

1817.

men', upon his own ;n'f:ouiit», iK.s man-
ifested as much greeHiitss as ariy po-
litical shark in the couitn-. We deem
it proper to repuhli-h, in coniieciioii.
certaii: transcripts of accounts, charg-
ed and received by Gen. Ja( kson, so
that the reader may at a single view
observe tliem ail.

G<;n. Jackson was appointed a Ma-
jor General, on the 8tii of June, 1814,
a. d continued in that office to the .31st j
of May, 1 821 . U is true that the Gen- 1
eral in his letter to Samuel Swartwout, 1 subsistence " - " -
says: '•^The war o&r and peace rc«<f>re'/, | Extra rations
/ mired to iny firm, TO PRIVATE , Forage * ,
LIFE, uhere bit for the call J received to ^:'^„t;-,'^^^r'^'' \ "
the Senate of the Union, I should have , Quarters
contentedly REMAINED." It is caual- Fuel - - -

1} true, however, that in makm^this
statement, Gen. Jackson did not speak

the truth. He "REMAINED" in 1818.

public employ, as Major General, and p^
■was besides, appointed to negotiate i Subsistence
three Indian treaties, at different pe- 1 Extra rations
riods, and with different Indian tribes. ^°"|«^ K,;,ervanls ' -
And at the determination of his office | Transportation
of Major General, he was appointed iQuartcM-s, 6 months anJ 24 days

commissioner to receive posseasion at
Florida, upon account of which office,
he received a salary up to the 1st of
Januarj, 1822. The following is the
account of cash received by him from
government, whilst in the office of Ma-
jor General.

\vffli 00

536 35

489 78

26* 75

200 00

576 00

113 78

41 45

&4 64

$6890 62

2400 00

1095 00

1095 00

672 00

680 80

298 00

400 00

45 00

1814.
Pay from 8th June to 3l<t Dec.
Subsistence for same time, double
r.itions - - . .

Forage for seven horses 4 MONTHS
I'ay, rations and clotliinp, for four

servants, Ist Sept. to 3lst Dec.
Transportation of baggage

331553

1242 00
224 00

256 84
75 00

Office rent
Fuel

$6685 80

2400 00
1095 00
1095 00
616 50
68.) 80
72-1 20
226 67

43 33

44 00

Holding treaty with Chcrolices, 36 days 304 00

$7249 50
1819.

$3151 17

1815.

Pay ----- -

Subsistence, double rations
Foruqe, . . -

Pay. subsistence and clothing servants
Trnns|)urtation of baggai;e from Nash-
ville to Wnshingtim
Payment lor ruorn rent and fuel at

Washinelon, 4 weeks
For medical assi.-t.Tiice to himself and
suite at Washington

2400 00

2190 (W

396 0

620 97

187 50

162 00

-100 Oi>

Pay

Subsistence . . -

Extra rations

Forage ...

Pay, &c. for servants

Rent of Quarters - - . -

Fuel - - - - -

Transportation of baggage

Services as Commissioner for treating

with Chickasaw liulians 41 days,

at 8 dollars per day

2400 00

1095 00

1095 00

672 00

680 80

400 00

16-2 00

531 20

328 00

$7,364 00

1820.

181G

Pay
■jubsisteiK e

$6056 46

2400 00
1098 00

Pay - - - 2400 00

Subsistence - - - 109!i 00

Extra rations ... - 1098 IK)
Forage - - - CJ-' 00

Pay, ic. for servants - - 672 96

Rent of Quarters - - - - 400 00
Fuel - - - 224 00

TransBortation of bagcago - 166 40

Iloldiiii; treaty with Choctaw Indians,
travelling expenses for self anil suite
to ni.kcs' stand . - - - 425 0.1
Pay as CnmnuMioner, from 14lli Sept.
1 to 2lsl October, 37 days at !i dollals- .
1 per day - - 296 00

Expenses for Gen. Jackson and suite
on tboir return - - - 351 on

GEN. JACKSON'S ECONOMY.

351

Pa^ as Cummissiouer on return, 21st
Oct to I8th Nov. 20 dajs, at 8 Uoi-
lars per day - - - - 160 00

$8,109 6;

1821.

Pay to May 31st -

Subsistplioe

Extra rations

Forat'p

Pay ilc. for servants

Quiirtcrs to April 14

Fijtl the same time

1000 00
13:1 00
453 OO
280 00

279 iO
116 54
74 67

Tliree months exira [Kiy and travel-
line; allowance - - 776 65
Additional subsistence - - - 75 00

$3507 06

The General has himself told us,
that when the war wa? over, he " re-
tired to his farm."' Tlie war was closed
in 1815, and the General returned
from New-Orleans to his farm, in the
Ma}- of that year. From that period

the General resided on his farm.

There was his head quarters, there his
home and residence. It appears from
the foregoing accounts, that he con-
ti.nied to charge the government the
full amount of every dollar of expense
that he could .'arc charged, if in actual
service. Extra ratinns, Joragt , pity for
servants, rent of quarters and fuel. Thus,
although General Jackson is at home,
he receives annually, 1093 dollars for
extra rations- 672 dollars annually, for
finding his own provender and grain to
his own horses: 672 dollars for the
hire of his own slaves, who remain at
their regular work on the farm. For
the rent of his own house, 400 dollars
per year, and a very considerable sum
annually, for fuel, consumed at his own
house, for his own family use. These
charges may be legal. But they are
uniust and unreasonable. Pay for
feeding horses, and for hiring servants,
for fuel, and rent for quarters, coul.d
not be honestly charged, unless actu-
ally expended. The man who could
denr>and it, when not paid out, in any
form, can have no right conception
of moral honesty, and never can be
safely relied upon to retrench public
expenses.

Although receiving full pay and full
compensation for every service and ex-
penditure. Gen. Jackson charged 8
dollars per day, for holding Indian
trofttics, and ctiarges for His expenses

in addition. These expenses were of
no moderate character: on the contra-
ry, they evidence great profusion.

On the 1st ol June, 1821, General
Jackson's office as Florida commis-
sioner commenced, and from that day,
he drew a salary. It will be s'-en by
the two kist items in the foregoing ac-
counts, that Gen, Jackson received
also his extra pay and subsistence, as
Majwr General, for threi^ mouths in ad-
vance, from the 31st of Ma\ , amounting
io ,S-813,65. Thus the General had
no scruple to receive double pay for
the months of June, July and August,
1821. Another proof how little he is
qualified to retrench piiblic expendi-
ture.

The General returned from Florida
to Nashville, whilst acting as Gover-
nor, early in Novembci. 1821. He
states himself, in his lettc lo the Secre-
tary of State, of November 13, i821,
that he arrived at Nashville on the 5th.
From (hat time, he could have per-
formed no duty as Governor of Flori-
da, yet he drew the salary to the first
of January, 1822: pocketing two
months pay, and doing nothing. The
following is his account for expenses
and salary, as Governor of Florida.

VV. Harvey, for passage of Gen. Jack-
son and family, from Nashville to
Washington, Mississippi, 238 00

Peabody and Chamberlain, for do. in
steam-boat^apid, 170 00

H. Munro, do. in sloop Herald, from

New Orleiins to Blakely, 270 00

J. Austin, for transportation of Gc!i.
Jackson's ba>,gnge from Blakely to
Montpclier, 45 00

Do. for board of G^en. J. his family
and suite, at Blakely, 275 75

Blue and ShiDme, bill of stores, 244 31

Manuel Gon's. subsistence and forage

from 16th June, to nth July, 1821, 200,00

E. A. Blanc, forage at Peniacola, 146 42

Incidental expense*, 370 15

E. A. Blaiie, bill of sundries, say wines,
&c. ic. for the use of Gen. Jackson
and his family, ^047 39

R. K. Call, bringing horses from Nash-
ville to Blakely, 125 93,f

Gen. Jackson's salary as Governor of
the Floriilas /rom 1st June, 1321, to
1st January, 18-2?. 2,921 19

$6,056 H

There is certainly very little evi-
dence of economy in any of these
charges: on the contrary, they are
marked by something like wa.nton ex-

352

GEM. JACKSON'S ECONOaTt".

The General seems al-
ways attended by a ^\famJi/,'' .or a

travagatice.

" 2 do. Ciller, 7 00

" 2 do. real London Porter, T 00

" 31b Gun Powder Tea, 3 00

" 2.7 lb. Cuffee, 40.

" 274} Ib^. Bacon Hams, 15 00

" 44 ibs. siiiej, 10

1,50

" i I'o. lime juice,

" 1 Ymn rnisins,

" 1 do Almoiidf, 36 lb 30

" 1 qr. box Spanish s%cars,

" 4J callous (4th pruof) Brandy, 4 00. 18 00

" 41 do rve whiskej, 75, 3 37*

" no Sjiamsh segars, 1 00

14 00
14 00
9 00
10 00
4 174

4 40
\J. 00
13 OO

8 2a

3 00

6 00

10 HO

5 00

$v:44 31

" suil."' that undcrsiand covsumiiig
the eood tliiiiffsof the country through

..." 1 rr'i 11 * I " ^14 los. Slue?, lu

which they pass. They all seem to, ,, i doz. dr.ed torpuee,
have live.'l under the coinlbrtable con- « i hali'barrei Klv Miirket beef,
viction, that Uncle Sam paid the} " 6 bottle. hme, "i 87*
score, ard that con-^eque itly, it was;
for t'<r mutual a.iv.iutage of those j
■who furnished, and those who con- 1
sumcd, that a good bill should be i
run up. Some ofthe items in the fore-
going account, are r.'^t a little curious,
Mtd they app -ar s<ill more so. when ;
the bill of particulars is exaniir.ed. , ^^^ ^,;^^j, ^,^^^ .^^^,^.^ ,.,f ^^^
The fourhrst ,ten.' arc for r^n^porta- ; ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^„^^j ^j^^ ^^ ^^j^^.,,.

lion. The tifth is (or bo.ird at Blake- |,v, ,;„, „,„, /^ :^ ,_ „,

ly, .§277,75. The specific articles
making up this bill, are not in my pos-
Ecssion. The foUowi.ig is t)\e. account
rendered:

The UniUd States, Dr.

To John Austin,
To Oie expenses of Maj. &->«. ^ii.drew
Jackson, Commissioner for riaivins the
Flotidas,frovi the 29t/i .iprit. to tfie Sth
of.^ay, !8-21, /ir boardinc; himself and
famili/ios per bill rendered, $277 75

the narcotics that destroy it, make the
principal figure. Spirits, wines, and
segars of the be.sl quality, and at the
hignest prices, seem to have been the
principal articles of consumption in
the General's family.

A sum of 370 dollars 15 cents, is
charged for" mdd<.ntal expenses;'' what
thtfv consist of we know not. As the
charges for transportation, for forage,
, foj' board, for stores, are all specified,

From tliis it appears, that the charge \ j^ ^,^y,^, ^^^^ si;,gular what expendi-
ftf,§277,75, IS for about ten days lH.ai-^,j,.^^ ^^„,j ^^ i.-.^urred, to raise this
ding, making an average ol 27 dollars Li.jjrge. It might include secret ser-
75 cents per day. VV hat family the , ^,-^^ montv. for various serv ices not
General had with hnn, living thus at ! ^^ ^^, (^^ enumerated in the accounts
free quarter upon the Government. T,- ^ p„,,,j^, ^jjj^.^^^ ^,^^ \nwwn oi ly to
do not know. Why this lamil.y should , „^p privale purveyor for his various
be fed at the public cost, I am unable ^o^f^,.ts. The subjoined specifica-
te state. But unless the number was . ,j^^,j declares them to have been h.erej-

excessively great, th<!y must iiave been
a rare set of gourmands, to consuiue 27
dollars 75 cents worth of provisions
per day. Such, however, appears to
have been the fact.

The next item of this account, is
'• Blue and Shomo's'" bill of stores,
244 dollars 31 cents. The particulars
that compose this item are all curious
enough :

Moutpclier, 3Ut May, lft21.
The United Slates, Dr.

To Bi.UE& Shomo, Cr.
Stores for Maj. Oe.n. Andrexe Jartson, V. S.
Commissioner for receiving the Floridas:

May 14—
To 30 lb. brown fugar, at IScts. $j 40

" 1 -2 doz. luitmeii, 1 ■''O "^^

" 10 lbs. Coffee, 40 4 00

" 14 ijnIU of Molasses, 1 00 I 50

" 4 I -2 do. Pico Madeira Wine, 5 00, 22 50
" 62 lb. l..Su;ar, 33, 17 16

•* 2boxe» Claret Wiuc, 10 00 20 OO

sary expenses,^ but in what sense tuces-
sary, we are not informed. No vouch-
ers were taken: but why we are not
told. The only legitimate inference,
is that above suggested. The neces-
sary gratification purchased, was not
a proper item of specification.

The United Stiles,

ToGen. Andkew Jacksos,'
ComniV. for Vie reception of the Floridas, Dr

f'ro/niidAprH U> \~.th Juli/, 1821
To nceessan/ erpinscs incurred bii him
from the livte of his arrival at .Vfir-Or-
leans, ■until he rectircd possession of Pen-
sneola, and for ichirh >io rercipls ictre
token, and uhich arc not included m
anil ether acrount, §370 IS

/ crrlifi/ Hint three hundred and seienlu dol-
lars and fifteen rents lerre arluallu trpendid as
ahive charged, and for irhieh no risular roxidtets
u:rie obtained. J. G. BROXOUGH,

P.Sec'ii.JurOov.Jaeixari,
Pciuaeola,nihJulil,m\

GEN. JACKSON'S ECOSOMV THK HIKO OF TWO AVARS.

3C3

The next charge, " Bill of sundrks,
sat/ ivincs, <S"C. Jor the iise of Gen. Jack
son and family, -S' 1 017,39," is a tliiimp-
ing one. Tlic idea lias generally been
received, tliat this charge was for nar-
cotics altogether. But the fact is
otherwise. It is indeed, a '••hiU of sun-
dries.'^ And for the informalion of
the puhlic, it is here published at
length:

Thf United Stales,
for Vie Comni'r. Gen. Andreit Jachon,

To Ei'H. A. Blank, Dr.
May, 1821.
To 9 s ills. I.ramlv.at 2 50, $ 22 50

371 <\j. jMulci'ru wiiii>, at 5 00 I.S7 50

IC'J do. olil whitUtj, 57 cents, 14 62J

6 boxes of claret, 12 (H) 12 00

5 do. small liottlwl, 13 00 £0 00
J cask of Porter, 8 doz. 3 50 £8 00
1 doz. syrup, 8 00

1 doz. No} eau, 8 Oj
3 bottles bitters, 3 00

ISO lbs. rice at 2 1-2 cts ppr lb. 5 ilS

2 boxes pickles, at 4 50 9 Oi)

6 boxes scgars, at 4 50 ?4 Oi)

1 box tea, 4 lbs. 1 50 C 00

2 boxes ca:idlee, 61 lbs. at 60 ct». 32 00
2 do. of soap, at 3 00 6 00

2^:0 lbs. brown sugar, at 9 cts. 19 ilO

eOlonf Elisor, 25 20 00

66 bams 968 lbs. Bacon at 6 cts. 58 C8

J keg of lard, 7 93

BeeffiirniEbed, Jtily 10, to A1J5. 7. 52 4:!|

,1 bagofcutrco, JGl lbs. at28cti. 50 CS

1 do, of salt, 2 00
Hains,ut 15 cts. 6 67i
fuller 75 lbs. at 374 58 13

24 Mackerels' 1 51

2 cords of wood, 7 00
2 boxes of syrup 24 00
2 barrels mjicrfne FLOUR, al 5 10 00
1 iarrc/ CORN MEAL, 4 400

iS2 loaves of bread, al>ii unt>, 15 73

June 21, to Aug. 7.

rVegitables, 109 48

f Fro^l, fijh, 30

JJ- Chickens, 53

a \ Kresh Pork, 30

Turkeys, 12

F.-s, 10

.Mutton, 15

Repairs for ont-buildingi and stables, for

General and suite's liorses
The Steward for 47 days, at 1 dollar per
aay, 4

31 00

00

§1,047 30

This bill seems to cover the time
embraced in the other bills, running
through May to August. And it ex-
hibits quite a Lordly style of living for
a plain Republican. What family ihe
law allowed the General to ([uarlcr
upon the public, I have never been able
to ascertain. 1 can find no law giving
him either a private secretary or a

steward, or any other family or suite, to
be fed at the public expense. Who-
ever they were, it is ])lain they were
a set of jolly livers, Avho considered
themselves entitled to the best and
most costly disiies and viands. It is
my firm conviction, tiiat every dollar
of this money was p^iid without the
sanction of law. Tiie extravagance
of the expenditure therefore, is not
tlie only olijectionfoit. Gen. Jackson
ingratiated liimself into the good gra-
ces of BIr. Monroe, and he seems to
have known how to tui-n that favour to
his own account. We can in no other
way account fur these allowances.

The question is now put to every
reader, who has perused fhesa ac-
counts; Does he think Gen. Jackson a.
man who would be economical of pub-
lic money? I feel confident thi; an-
swer must be in the negative. Is it
not then worse than folly to elect liim
President in the expectation that he
will aid to reduce pu!/Uc expenditures?
Most assuredly it is. And I venture
the prediction, that should Gen. Jack-
son be elected President, his adminis-
tration will be the most prouigate tiiat
has ever been known to the country.

Further Exiracls from the Drama of the
HERO or TWO WARS.

Act v.— Sce.ne 1V.-^A Libr.^rt.

Director, alane.
Director. I have peril'd much already in this

cause.
And now a desperate measure is proposed,
Of doubtful poliny; most desperate luen
Must be confide<l in, and counselled with,
1 like it not: Here arc too many hcails,
Eu=y in planning schcnies of selfisliness.
The men who urge me to this strong attempt,
By its consummation, may ensure .success
For their own council-!, and their idol chief,
And they risk nothing, tint I jeopardize.
My all of promised, and of pres'-nt greatness.
'Tismect 1 should be wary. Thi'icarleblaruhe,
Is a seilucing tempter, — Yet, rcmeniher
My part performed, it may be disregarded —
What's my redress! Complaint, or seeking

vengeance.
As Sampson sought it ; by my own destructiin.
I must take counsel. There is one can give it —
Yes, I roust have an interview with Outcast;
He knows this chicfLaiu well, — has fu'.ly proved

him ;
His nerves, his faith, his mighty master passion.
Have all been probed; llicir deep and secret

working.

354

TUK HiiRO OF TWO WAKS.

Drawn to the lurface, and made bare btfore

■Sim.
The timi-s arc in conjunction too, with Outeast,
>Iis friends are ia repute, und hu looks upward :
A st^cond Mi^rius from the il'ist of Afric,
Rising to wreiik his vtnj;eanceon hie cmntry,
And dif with i^lontinj joy, a hloody dotard.
His hopt'S are in lull action, uuil awake him
To old ambitions and deep smothered ven-
geance.
'Tislong since he were soothed with courtier

I in.:uage,
'Twill ste:il upon his «ou!,as I fhall use it, —
Oh thou 1 the subtle genius, by vthnse aid
I have threided the dark imiie of policT,
In all its crooked windings, ami h;iTC reached.
The lofty pinnarlp. on which I stand'.
Inspire me now with MachivcHan skill;
Grant that the bhind insinualinj «niilc,
la all its softest tints may rest upon mo;
Let every look trince sincerity.
And every motive seem as undisguised,
A« maiden bluihe« at a tale of love.
Give me the eyes of Argus : let me hear
As with a thousand cars: let nought escape me.
For now the crisis of ray fate approaches,
I rise to power, or fall to rise no more, [i'xil.

Scene V. — A parlocr — Outcast. — Ci/plicr.

Out. What) the Director seeks a private meet-
ing
With me) and does not naroe the object of it?
Cyp. He does to; and he says he has (ood
reasons,
Which, when disclosed, you will appreciate.
He speaks you fairly, as it is his wont.
When he would serve himself by others' aid,—
Matters of high import, of deep coiicerniupnt,
To you, your friends, the country ; — Thus he

speaks:
Smiles pr;>ciotisIy, and crasp* the yielding palm,
Presses it softly, loo'iing woadroin things.
Out Why what a minioul J^nd are these
the Hrl»
That politicians now descend to use,
In cnurtinj men? They better far become,
A lady's boudoir, than a st^itesnian's closet.
I nnderslaiid him: ii is very well.
He shall be met as secret us he pleases, —
Appoint him at otir private re-"!' zvous
An hour hence, at any other honr.
That best may suit him. Have this note de-
livered.
Without delay. Advise our chosen friends,
That ears and eyes are needed where they wot.
When time and place are fi\od by the Director:
Return with speed, and give me infiirmation.

[Esil Cijpher.

Outeait (atme.) Now here's a cunning knave I

thi^ wi.'e Director'.
Bv shallow arts has managed shallow men,
Within a narrow circle here at h<tme;
'Till like the fabled frog, he swells himself
With vain conceit that he is competent.
To take in charge an empire, and to grapple
Willi \eteran and experienced jnditicians.
He Heeks wilh nio an interview, and seeks it,
As with a coiirte?an, in secret darkness.
He fears remark — soon like the silly fly.
Meshed in the spiders toiN, he'll find himself.
He deems the recent nicsigc from the west.
Is to himself alone. And now he ponders
Whether 'twere safe to take the counsel given:
Sufe tor himself, — 'tis there his thoughts eon-

eeotrate.

The greedy giidgcon eyes the cor(c blanche bait.
With craving palate — shall he swallow it)
There rests the matter of his consultation.
Myself! fnenlel country! All mean the Di-
rector,
To improve his own condition, without risk. —
I'll ply iiim as a skilful aiis;ler,
.And use him as occusion justifies,
for my own ends, and for the glorious Chief,
Whose soul enlargcil, ex: andt^, nobly suars^
AboTc the dull pursuits of civil life.

Scene VI. — A chamber dimlt lighted.

Ouirast. — Director.
Dir. Sir, 1 rejoice to meet you IhoJ alont,
Where the free spirits of enlightened men,
.May hold free coiiverse. Here let all reitraint
Be cast avsay. You Jl-noir, that I can estiuiato
The injustice of the blighting prejudice.
That has o'erwhelmed you, and cast iDto

shade.
Tour name, your talents, and your well •amed
fame.
Out. 'Tis fairly spoken. — But yon krune the
world.
You knoic, that I too know it. Cold neglect.
And still more cold contempt, so long bare

marked me,
Their special victim, that I needs must wonder,
i What strange event, now brings me in request.
With one in such high station as yourself.

Dir. Nay do not mock me. Such humility
Is out of place between us. Y'our hich spirit
1 Cannot permit the limes to pass unh<eOed;
'Slrancc revoluti.n* are iu embryo.
I The charm is broken, by which sume have ruled,
! And others been laid prostrate. Your old friends

Rise into credit with the citizens;
I Cast but your eyes abroad, and yua shall see
I them,

I In open canvass for the highest phires.
The odour of your nann 's no longer hateful,
: Nor does it longer blast a risi ig lame.
To have been confederate with you.
Even he, your great compatriot and compeer.
Who sIo.kI erect, to the last moment with you,
I* now ihr 1 eoph'- man, borne by the pe |)le,
To highest oince, wilh stiopg .t hnul acclaim.

Onl. 'Tis I am mocked. Why talk to me
I of fr.c.ids?

I Why speak to mc of those who rise to power)
All have forsaken me, all joined to make me
jThe very Out^'ast th:it my name imports.

Dir. Y'ou do yourself injustice. The waj
opens,
j For the redemption of your character;
I come in friendly L-uise, to point it to you.
Ctiveme your cunlidence: An unveservetl —
.\n open, candid character of Uero,
i May bind nie to his fortunes, and that tie,
[ Places within his grasp, the highej$t honors.
Hu» °tand you with him! should this be ao-

coDinlishfil,
What hold on his affections may you claim)
Do his attachn^ents last? Is his faith firm)
Or plays he false with friends) This once re-
solved,
; Re-olves my course, on which his hopes depend.
Certain thereare, who now makeproclamation.
That he became your friend, and then impeach-
ed you ;
A double traitor gains no (rust. I'd learn
From your own lips, the truth of this suggestion.
Out. Wherefore should I make this dis-
clnsur* to you '

TMB HVMO Of TWO WARS-

Hi

TJif. N lie your friend? unci Uaa be kept liis
f:iith?
\n power !ie takes you to tiis aid and council?,
W;i9 lie ii traitor to yon ! You may now,
Uy simnletrith.dasli from liis reachiiiic t.and,
Tlie power he set ks and nluioit fceh liis own.
Out. V\K Blight assurance of the first, — The
Jast—
Vengeance, nias! the spirit's dead within mc.
Dir. But you may be assured. Tliro' Hero's
hands
The s<f;i1rc passes but to mine, if pledges
May lie relied upon, by Hero ;ivcn.
Ai:(l tvhen I rule, tliou.'h in another's name,
Talents like yours shall be called into action.
Out. Jlere's pen, and ink, and piper, — you

can write it.
Dir. W hy dr> you doubt my word ? <lo you
di=trujl me} [jrowlh.

Out In old [lien's mind.:, distrust is a natural
Where those, who can, refa-e to weeJ it out.
I ask no contidenre ; and you who ask it.
Decline a iiroper pledi^e. — Our conference ends.
Dir. Be not so hasty. Think. These writ-
ten pledices.
Rise up in judgment, at an after day,
'Gainn all cuucerned, and work a common

mischief;
And when I give oiie, I have no assurance,
Of confidence from you, or ought beside.

Out. I can and will speak to the point you
seek —
Explicit, full and bigbly interediiig.

Dir. The paction '• made : take and peruse

this paper.

YGives papfT to Outcast.
Out. 'Tis wisely judged. Now hear and

mark my words;
Hero was true and faithful to the cause.
Even to the last extremity he stood,
A friend indeed. He never blenched at danger.
And now he laughs to scorn the silly eflorts.
Of those who seek to make him my betrayer.
His letters, were of my dictation. Read them :
High sounding words, — professions loud and

empty.
Designed to amuse a wise philosopher;
Insinuations, dark, obscure, horrific.
To puzzle a weak, blustering, busy body.
We knew our men. Defeat came not from

them;
The public sentiment was set against us.
Too few were ripe for glory. But that few
A Spartan band of bold and choice spirits:
H^ro and Cypher, and some thousand others,
Their bond lor life and death was n-iver broken;
And faithful now they wait the cousu.iimation
Of their long cherished hopes. You have

truly spoken: —
Yes, I have marked the spirit of the hour,
For bold design, and fearless execution,
The times are most propitious; [pie.

To gain the [iroudcst niche in fame's high tern-
Is ne'er achieved but by bold enterprise;
The brightest blazeof glory that e'er flamed
Around the brows of Elba's exiled chief.
Lighted his path from Frejus to the Seine.
Whit bold cmpris"! did e'er compare with that?
And whence its glory, but its noble daring?
So may you now by one chivalricdeed.
Obtain high honor. Seize power when you may ;
Place it in hands beneath your own controul.
And turn the scale of empire at your will.

Dir. You are o'er fervid in your cioquenca;
I i*ti(lit Bot eeuose) but •smmunieatioa.

Out. This you may yet obtain. Behold tfaia
packet :
It bears you see, the signet of the Chief,
The ink is almost tVe.^ii, — the messenger
An hour since wai with me — ami disclosed.
His conference with you, and all its import.

Vir. I knew not, sir, that you were of our
eounsel;
There has been some concealment, which I

like not, —
When 1 command, I choose my own subalterna,
When 1 deliheiate, I select my counsellors.

Out. And now you understand the part a»-

sigiied yon,

In this high enterprise, you must march forward ;

Retreat remains not, lait .v ilh infamy, — [of.

Our rouru'ii has bet n larger than you thought

Dir. A v\'ritten pledge an! ivitness.^s beside!
.Say, wai this well! or does it look like Iriend-
shij)?

Out. 'Tis policy, — the means of politicians;
Remember you must act, when you're required ;
I introduce oar fricntis to close our coiiiiciU.

[ Kays on the door. Enlt rfmrn bthind. Cipher,
Toadij^ and nl/icrs.

Dir. I am fairly caught, and muot submit
to it. (a.'iie.)
My worthy friends, I doubt not we are all.
Compatriots bandeil in the common cause;
Give me your hands; I bope to know yea

better.
The fiat shall go forth. The mouthing herd,
The hurrah boys cannot be safely trusted.
Power must b« wrested from them, and con-
fided
To our own kini'red spirits who will wield it,
T ) place our Chieftain in the hit;hcst s. nt.
Success is never treaso.i. My humble board,
My services, are all at your coDiinanil ;
Time moves apace, — my honored friends, adieu.

[Exit Director, siiiiling and boviiig gracefully.

Out. And this man passes for a deep intriguer !
The times indeed are altered. Can it be,
The great Magician, my once hated rival,
Was duped by such a cuiliflf?

Cyph. Nothing more certain; but his powert
were sinking.
And death removed him I'rom the humiliation,
As in compassion of his former greatness.

Toad. 'Tis useless to disparage the Director,
Say what you may, he's a well spoken man,
A polished gentlnman, — his easy manners.
His sweet insinuating smile, — his bow, —
The pressure of his hand, — his every motion,
Steal on the good opinions of his fnemls.
He's almost Hero's equal in the graces.

Out. Is Hero too a Chesterfield ? So be it.
The good old lady — does she court the graces?
Trilling a truce, — I like not this Director;
He dreams of. Lord knows what. He govern

Hero!
The fool ! When was a Southern nabob ruled,
By Low-dutch cunning! His ambition blind*

him.
But let that pass— when Hero bears full sway,
His level will be found by this Director.
We have him in our haniU. — Hi? hopes, his fears,
Both bind him to us. Power once achieved —
We care not for him. Should be now desert n«,
He falls with hero. There our safety lies.
The Burgomaster counts the loss and gain.
And finds the sura of all liis profits fooled.
On Hero's oolomn. We have nought to fear.

Sxtvnt,

3M

JACKiM>\'8 BUKRIsn A6AI*.

JACi:sO\'S ntHRIS.TI AG.UX.

The ]-,.ct of General Jackson's association
with liurr is Eo fully establishc.I, by (be atii.la-
vili of (Jc/Tcc and Enst.in, an.l Uic lelters pub-
Ii='.ed by Ur. M'Nairy, th;;. it is useless toofiVr

provision; and as such, he had not U'e for
iill the boats, ilmt had been D)a.;e f.ir bio
— two 1 believe was the -nucLber he made
use ot tor himself and these with him. The
'■alance of ihe boats, the number I do not

r ... - . , . ■" v.>u«.,c,-=iuoii^r • •"•"■>-t: "I uie Doais, iiie number I do nol

rj.arr,,roofor.t. A faiat attempt ha, be. n I recollect, was left hv Mr Buir- and Hf-
m.-.,le to maintain, tbat after Barr', rl«..» b.^ Imnaros Ly virlne of h,s or.ler i'n favour
came susf„c,(.,,^, Jncksoa abando.u-.I bi, con- I of Patten Andcr.wn, the boat-, or the uro-

Dcct,on«,il. Aim. Tl,;. =.,.„,.;„„ ;. ._ ceeds thereof « .19 h^injed or paid over to

li'Ti, Mr. Anderson: When Mr. Burr
waj. at the Clover Bottom, Uen. J.ickjon
iir.J ir.v^elfmaJea sedJemenl uiih him
Ine said Burr, and afitr chargine. him itiih
Ihe boch and other crtich, fuTniibcd him
for h,s vcjaoe do-^n the river, I returned
mm all the balance of his money, in (he
very same notes frst sent on iy 'him, and
the accounis »vas then compleieiy clofed
I and paid on both sides as I understood."
I In (bis statement, dales of every (bing, ei--
I cept tho year, are omitted, and itis very care-
fally all.'ged tb-it, upon bearinc; that the gov-
er:initnt would n.-.t countenance Burr't plani.
Gen Coffee, by and ivith the ndvice of Gen.
Jackson, quit making further contracts for
Uurr. liut it appears that several boats wer«
built for Burr, (hat some provisions were pur-
chase.!, that Curr took his final departure Irora
Clover Byttom, an.l, a( the (ime of (hat depar-
ture, a scltieuiiat took place betx-een Jackson
and Coffee, an.l Burr. After charcinj Bnrr

Dcction Will. i<im. This a'sertion is rouudlj
ma.le in Coffee's aOi.lavit. The facts, now be-
fore the public, (bat Jack^.m hi;,'hly recom-
mended Curr on thn 2jtli of .?pp(. HjijC; en-
dorsed for him on (he I(.'(h of .\oven.b. r,'a,d
received hiui again in bis house on the 14th of
Deceuibrr, are very strong to prove (ho futility
of (his pre(cnce of abandonment. But I have
Jtiil stronger proof upon tliii subject. The fol-
lowing is UD extract of Gen. CoCee'. dcposi-
tion:

"Sometime in Iho year ]!:0G, (to the
best ol my recollection) Aarosi Burr iva«
eng.igod I,, an espedition or enterprise

dovvniho lMi..i,s.:p,,i, and «hichhesaid

he u-iis authorized to do hy government;

and (or the purpose of procuring provis-
ions and boats for his conteinpb.ied plans

he the satd Burr, .li.l foru.ud a fum rd be-

Uvcon three and four ihouranri dollar., in

Kcniutky bank no'cs, to Gen .lack^nn

•vnh a rcqnest that he would , rocure for

hini, by purcha.<e. the amount in boats S:

provision-. At tbe lime Gen. Jackson re- ' ""' '•'°"'' ""'^ provisions furnished, they returo-
C.-lved the ?um alluded to, i ttas connect- 1*^'' '''•" "'C lj:dance of the money.
c;l »vi;h him in mercantde business, at the | '^'"-" "^''' '" ""^'"^ "''« niJidavit w.is taken
Cli.ver n.dtom, Tenne-see. and on Ihe re- I ""g'-"""! •" "-e opinion that a b;d:ince of tho
ce:idtneie.>f, the General shetv roe hi.-s in- P'*^'"'^' remained in Jackson's hands. That
St Mictions, and h.indedihe money or note J "f"'"'"" ""-^ '■^^™ the fact of a paper, in tho
over to me, «nh a lerpicpt that [ would ''""'^ "'"''"? of G.-n. Jackson, stating an ac-

raH.c,>ct the l.u-.ness, for Mr. Burr, andj'"""' h,t,veen Burr and hi.uself, beins in tho
in Uf na.t ol the mercanlile firm above al- pO'-^-^'ion of Blennarhasset. Of this "accouDt

luded to, I did so; and made contracts for
several boats for Mr. Burr; ,vhen report
ie.r:he.| 1 ennessee. that his projects or
plans «as nnt, r.or «o,..|d not, be cjun'.en-
iince.l by governmrrd.-On hearing this
rumour, by and n.lh the advice of Gen'
Jackson, I declined making contracts for
Mr. Burr any lurther thm had been done
hefirethat time; and still held in my pos-
session H consi.lerable part of the suni liist
remitted by Mr. Burr, to Gen. Jack«on-
!S')iiie time after that, when fllr Buri^
c ime on to Tennessee, on his xi-ay do^i-n
t.ie nvcr, he stopped al Ihe Clover Bottom
■K'.uwiMch place lay fome of ihe boats
I lit I hal conlrn.ted for his use, and
wheie he titt.id himself out forhi- vovact
dovn the river. The report of his actipfr
«o r,ppo*it, ,n to the wi,.hes of the gotero-
m«nt, prevented bis prccoriny scppHcs of

the following is a copy :

'-3. B. in account

lith A.

'«06, - " '■■'jj^

Oct. 4. Expenses of J. C. and postage, <C 62*
SpHnish herse, = ' v .

W. P. .An.l.r on,
Cash paid Vales,
UoneUi.n Caflery wngcs a

espenspo,
B.ru.,i 'I. i;ison & Coble,
r-sp. use of do.
Expense at sundry times,
Keel biiat.

Bill store .Messrs. F. & II.
Cash for do.
J. i: \V. Jackson bill do.
Cash (o Mr. Adams,
Boat of VV. Cri ushaw & Co
Expense for do.
Pot.T^'e,
3 boats a $133 23

Caih onkand.

SU UO

7(10 00

60 OO

in.

99 CO

);3 tio

31 50

8 00

SOO 00

43

50

44

5

.

123

IR IS

1 50

400

fco:3 37*

$

TSC SUi

JACKSON'S BVRttlSai AGAIN.

35 T

1806, Cr.

Oct. 4, By draft on Biiclanl Ic Co. $250

Nor. 3, By notes by W. 3,000

Dec. 8, By do oOO

$3,75U
Thu, no doubt, i( the settlement referred to
by Coffee — the memoiandum rendered by Jack-
ton to Burr, at the Clover bottom, when " on.
hit ttay doim lite river." It corresponds exact-
ly with Coifce's statement : Ite is charged "Wi'.'i
the boats and other articles furnished him for his
voiagc." The balance is struck, and, consider-
ing (lie object of the account, the payment of
the balance could not be noted, because the ac-
count was stated to show what that balance
was.

Let us now carefully examine the items of
this account, and the times whan they arose.
Jackson's complimentary letter, recommemling
Burr and inviting friends to show him respect,

ia dated September 2o. TUe first charge in this „ „ — -a,-. ... j^,», i.r^u,

account is dated October 4, and the first creilit ">« enclosed orders, some short time ago issued by

advanced October 4, in a draft on Bustard & E.
Thus we see that this account and the state-
ment of Coffee are in harmonious accordaac*
with each other.

1 have already remarked that the first items
of debt and creilit arc on the 4th of October,
and that Burr was confessedly, nt Jackson's re-
sidence a most welcome visiter on the 25Cli of
September prcc»ding. How lonj he remained,
I do not know: it is assertsd in the National
Journal of the ITth of July, that he left Nash-
villc on the Gth of October. The time between
these two dates, was no doubt occupied in ma-
king all the necessary arrange.ments between
Burr and Jackson. Within this time some
things were transacted, which Avear tlie appear-
ance of singular coincidences, to say the least.

la General Jackson's letter to Mr. Jefferson
without (late, recently published as evidence
that he had no connection with Burr, we find
the following: ^^ 1 beg leave to offer to your view.

en the same day
^'■Expense of J. C. and Postage, $6 6-2 J."
We sliould like to know what expenses Jack-
son paid for Burr, and what correspondence he
carried on upon his account. These items have
no obvious connection with building boats and
buying provision. Cash paid to .inderson and
eash paid to Yates, are in the same predicament.
Then comes " Donclson Caffery't uages and ex-
penses, $29 00." This Donelson Caffery has
been introduced before into this Jackson dish
of Burrism. The Virginia .\dvocate gives us
the certificates of Watkins i Baker,that Jlr.Caf-
fery was advised by Jackson, not to go with
Burr. He sent him nevertheless on some expe-
dition for Curr, and paid his expenses. In the
second letter, published by McNairy, Jackson
speaks of his sending a message, & adds he will
furnish "ttf needfiU." We see here that he
did furnish it.

rive flnt boats and one keel boat were built,
and paid for. Coffee did not recollect the num-
ber. He remembered that Burr used but two,
and left the remainder, which, or their proceeds,
were delivered to P. .\nderson. One large i^era,
700 dollars, of this account was paid to Mr.
Amierson. Coffee tells us thnt Burr was en^a-
fcd in "an expedition or enterprise down the
Mississippi,'^* an<i that '' fur t'.e purpose of pro-
curing procisio)is and boats for his conte.mpl.\t-
ED PLANS, heforicardcd a sum of between three
and four thousand dollars, in KcnlucLy bank
noUs, to Gen. Jackson." In this respect the ao
oount corresponds with Coffee's statement. It
appears th.it 3300 dollars, in "notes," were
forwarded by a .Mr. "W." at different periods:
the first $J000 on .\ov. 3, the latter 500 on Ue-
cemUf 8. £«t;des these, tb« stim of $250 was

nw, since tchich I have not been furnished u-ilk
eom])lele returns of the volunteer companies." &c.
These orders, it appears, were dated the 4th of
October, the very day on which Gen. Jackson
opened an account with Burr, '■^ for the purpose
(asserted by Gen. Coffee) of promring proviJ.
ions and boats for his contemplated plans." Does
not this coincidence clearly show that these or-
ders looked to the same objects with the boats
and provisions? Gen. Jackson opened an ac-
count with Burr avowedly to 'further hit plans,'
and issued these orders on the very same day.
They were cotempovaneous acts, and must have
originated in one common motive. It is a just
inference that these orders were issued at the
suggestion of Burr, and the letter to Mr. Jeffer-
son written also, at his suggestion, if not dicta-
ted by him. The caution, in reserving the
command to Jackson himself and their own of-
ficers and such as Jackson might recommend, is
characteristic of that wily politician, rather
than of the headlong hero of the Hermitage.—
Had Mr. Jefferson been drawn into an accep-
tance of the service, upon the terms proposed,
his letter of acceptance could have been conve-
niently used to deceive the unsuspecting. For-
tunately he was too cautious for this.

As the letter to Mr. Jefferson is endorsed to
have been received the 24th of .November, 1806,
it must have been written about the first part of
that month. Here is another singular coinci-
dence. The remittance of 3000 dollars was re-
ceived on the 3.1, the receipt of this cash and the
letter to the President seem to have been co-
teraporaneous acts. The messenger, Mr. W.
who brought the cash, most probably brought
also the advice to write the letter. It was sure-
ly a «iD|;ular mode of defcatinf the ooDsprracy,

a»«

JACKSON'S Bt'KRISfl *.GAIN.--MlLlTAllir rRKTENSION.

to be noting as the efficient agent to proicote it,
and writ" to the President Kithuut any direct
notice of ^t. It was an eqtiil!^ siii^'uhir mode
of abandoning it, to receive money purposely to
**yurf/ifr" it, wlicn the alarm was ulmust uni-
Tersal, a§ it was in the West, on the 3d of N"o-
Tembcrl 'I'he months of October and Novem-
ber, 1806, was the peiiod of time that General
Jackson was engaged, in his principal acts of
cj .jr* 'vlt'i B'!T. Thi? \va=, indeed, the pe-
riod oflheniOst active operations, on the great
theatre of action, from Pittsburgh to the mouth
of ihc Ciuiibcrl-ind. Uurinp; this period wefind
G<[i. Jackson most industriously engaged in
furLUcring his plans, whatever Ihcy may have
been. The testimony of ColTee, explained and
corrected by this account, anil the letters al-
ready pnb)i«lieil by McNairy demonstrate, not

in a situation to assist Burr and the other con-
federates at another time. By proceeding, he
would certainly damn himself, and couhl as cer-
tainly ren.ler them no service. Ilcncc the no-
count was settled as a mere mercantile agencT,
without however the usual mercantile charge of
commissions.

Gen. Jackson's labour& responsibilities were
carried to the account of the cause, and liqui-
dated by the;!fr fonfraof the common gooil. —
lie did escape general suspicion, and it was on-
ly when he began to renew, in the face of the
public, his old Burr associations, that suspi-
cion revived against him. As this acquaintance
extended, ami as, from time to time the old
Burrites kept raising up their voices, in support
of Gen. Jackson, enquiry was put upon the a-
Icrt. And, when the confidential agent of the

only the facts but the period of their occur- i Hermitage was found, at a most critical con-
rence. Tliey completely silence the pretension |.iiincture, wending his course towards the home
thai Gen. Jackson abandoned Burr as soon as | of Burr, and the theatre of his present secret
the legiility of his enterprise was suspected, operations, those possessed of the evidence have
The falsehood of this pretence is evident, as felt it their duty to disclose it. The chieftaia
well from the facts now ilisclosed, as from its stands now before the world, as the active co-

adjutor of Burr, without hope of refuge, except
the humiliating one of being his tool and dupe.

MILITARY PUETENSIOX.

[The following from the National Intelli-

intrin'ic absurdity. What private entfr;)n'« or
trp'ilitiondjwn tlie .ViJJi'»i/^yt,nsCoffec<lescribes
it, c> uM depend for its legality upon the counte-
nance of the President ? That which was, in
its nature illegal, could not be legalized by the
cour:tenance and apjirobation of the National
Executive. Conspirary against the laws of the '■

countrv, can di-rive no sanction from ihe Pres- gencer of Au;;ust COih, cannot be too stronrlr
ideiit o'r his cabinet. . They are as answerable i considered. It gives a strong glimpse at leist,

. . , .1 in . 1 . ,; of the prospect betoreus.1

to the law as others. Had Burr contemplated i

a trading or emigrating expedition, it did not Is il JOUr intention fcllow-citizens
require the countenance of the executive to 1 that the right of succession to the
make it lawful. There was no law reprehend- 1 Presidency of the United States shall
ing such an expedition. The admission that j henceforth reside in the armv?
enough was known, by Gen. Jackson, to assure i That is a question which we solemnly

bim that the enterprise needed the sanction of
the Government, includes a confession that he
knew it to be illegal, when he engrged to aid it.
From this conclusion he cannot possibly escape,
but by making himself an idiot, simpleton, and
a ridiculous dupe. None can believe him to
have been such. On the contrary, the just con-
clusion is, that he was a principal confederate,
and that both his letters to President Jefferson
and Gov. Claiborne, were wriiten, in concert
with Burr, "/or Uie purpose of foncarding hit
plans."

When, on December 22, 1806, Burr left Clo-
Ter Bottom with two boats, the expedition was
prostrated. Tlje public voice had denounced
nnd defeated it. There was no hope of success,
and Burr could only go on, and trust hii despe-
rate fortunes to circumstances. Every motive
that government, made it proper for General
Jackjon to stop, and endeavour to escape lus-
pi««ii. Bt this eonrse k* might still remain

propound to you; aiid i; is one which
you, as far as depends upon you, are
al)out to decide, by your votes at the
approaching election of electors.

Are you, we repeat, ready to sanc-
tion the principle, that the President
of the United States sh.d! always be
taken from the line of the army, or
from among those who have but re-
cently retired from itf

It you arc obliged to admit this pro-
position, applictl generally, to be an
absurd one, wherein is it less absurd to
ap|)ly it in a particular case? You
cannot elect a succession of Presidents
at once, so as to make the rule general
by a general vote. You cannot chuse
but one at a time; and if you clius«
that one upon the military principle,
you heg-in the succession ; which bcinf

HILITARY rRETENSION.

35*

yielded to-day, may come to be de-
manded to-morrow.

Upon what [jrinciplc is General Ax-
drew Jackson supported for the Pre-
sidency? Is it upon any other priix-i-
ple than his military fortune! With-
out entering into an examination of his
claims to the rank of "a hero," what
but his military qualifications have re-
commended liim to his supporters?
Nothing whatever. In one word, he
is a bold and fearless man, spurning
controul, disregarding both law and
the orders of his superiors in authority,
and reckless of consequences. To
civil qualifications he lays not the
slightest claim. He has resigned, af-
ter short trial, every civil appointment
he ever received; and we have tlie re-
cent evidence of one of his friends
(Judge Breckenridgc) that he did not
pretend to execute, otherwise than by
deputies, casually selected, the civil
functions belonging to his office of Gov-
ernor of Florida — a couple of his
friends undertaking to find out for liim
what were his powers in that office ;

and afterwards, under those powers | whole, but no more than the whole, of
making ordinances which, with his sig- 1 the creed of those who first set up the
nature, passed/orAis. It cannot be de- 1 claims of Gen. Jackson to the Presi-
nied, that his claims to the public suf-jdency, and who have gathered around
frage are ;3urf/^ military. their original party a large body of

We come now to the circumstance citizens, attracted by other considera-
which led us to this train of thought. I tions to the military standard. Were
The first number of a new paper, pub- 1 we not told, by his original supporters
lished at Clarksville, in the slate o/" at Philadelphia, as a reason for offerin"

snatch, by force, the honors which you
deny him by your sulfragcs. But say
that the services of the soldier, and tlic
successes of the patriot g»^neral, shall
be repaid by commensurate rewards
in the admiiiistralion of civil alTiiirs,
you take away the incentive to perpet-
uate military command, and to convert
the sword of the conqueror into the
sceptre of the monarch."

Here is an unsophisticated man,
who speaks openly and plainly his prin-
ciples; who either has not the art, or
disdains to veil his real sentiments. —
Gen. Jackson, he tells us, has his sup-
port, not only for the qualifications
which he supposes him to possess, but
for those which he is most sure of his
possessing, and therefore more dilates
upon. ^'Military serzices,"' he (ells us,
'yvrm a LEGITIAUTE CLAIM to
public support — that is, for the Presi-
dency, oi whxch he is speaking. Here
is tlie doctrine boldly avowed, thai tlio
most succesf III soldier }ms .i RIG HI to
the Presidency. This is going the

Tennessee, by the title of the Clarksville
Gazette, has just reached us. In the

him the Presidency, that if he had been
so minded, he might with a victorious

Editorial Address, the political views army at his back, have assumcd-not the
of the editor are disclosed. Towards [ Presidency — no, the IMPERIAL PUR-
the close of it, we find the following j PLE? And did we not hear the same
passage: sentiment, the other day, from one of

the Generals of Militia in a Southern

"One other topic only will be touch- state, who said that he would rather

ed, and that but brietly—the Presi«|vote for JACKSON to be EMPEROR

dential Election. General Jackson 1 than for Adams to be President? But

has our support — a preference found
ed not only on liis patriotism, his integ-
rity, and his knowledge of human char-
acter, but on the military services he
has performed: for military services

our brother in Tennessee does not stop
here. He goes on to lay down propo-
sition after proposition, each more and
more calculated to startle those who
know how to discriminate between

form a legitimate claim to pulilic sup-: Republicanism fc Despotism-bctween
port. If you witiiiiold from the citizen 1 Election and Usurpation- — between
warrior all prospect of obtaining the i Freedom and Slavery — between Lifa
high oivic honors of the state, you not 'and Death. "If von' withhold from
only deprive him of the strongest stim- 1 the citizen WARRIOR all prospect of
ulus to exertion, but you tempt him to 'obtaining the hioh civic honors of the

360

.tllLITARY PRETENSION FIRE AND FAtiCOT.

state," our editor tells you, "you not i
only deprive him of the strongest |
Btimulus to exertion, [thus mrikin<; him |
fight for the crown] but vou tempt him '
to SNATCH BV FOKCK TIIEi
HONORS lohkh ym deny him by your',
suffrages.'''' Uocf tiiis need translation? ']
Is it to he endured, that the partizans |
ofa"Mihlary Chicflain,"' as the Rich-!
mond Enquirer has entitled him, shall j
endeavor to force him upon this pco- )
pie as tiicir Pn-sident, 1)V threats of j
05-SNATCHlNG THE HONOR BY
FORCE, if it be not voluntarily be- [
stowed? Or, \(ihe thirat he not de- j
signed, is the idea itself to be borne?
Can any countenance he given to it hy |
any who are not ready for the collars
and chains of a base servitude?

Let us follow on our candid friend in
Tennessee, to tiie close of his further
cogitations on this subject: '-Say that
the services of the soldier, and the suc-
cessp.s of the patriot General shall be re-
paid by commensurate rewards in the
administration of civil alliiirs, and you
take away the inrrutivc to PERPET-
UAL Mli.ITARY COMMAND, ^md

to CONVERT THE SWORD OF THE CoN-

QUF.RER i.vro THE SCEPTRl'] OF THE
MONARCH!!!" So, this u-orlhy Ten-
nessccan is seriously of the opinion,
that if ihc successes of Gen. Jackson —
he might as well have named him — be
not "repaid by commensurate re-
wards in the administration of civil af-
fairs," (the Presidency, to wit,) an "in-
centive" will he allordcd him OCr"/(>
(on-DCrl the sv-ord of the Conqueror into
the SCEPTRE of Ike MONARCH!!!"
This is the plain meaning of his stately
periods; a meaning not (o be disguised :
ft sentiment on the contrary, ostenta-
tiously put forth as a cardinal princi-
ple in the creed of a new adventurer
in the field of politics!

Now, follow citizens! Jacksonians!
Vou who are so from mere prejudice,
or casual association! Vou who have
not gone too far to retreat! Are you
ready to jield assent to such doctrines
as these? Are you prepared, hy any
act of yours, to countenance the doc-
trine, that not only all the honors in
in your gift, but all t!iat you hold dear
— your liU'. liberty, and property, are
subject to Uie disposal of any mere w\-

dier, who chances to win a battle f
This view of the matter puts aside all
questions as to qualification or char-
acter. In one word, are you willing
to admit that it is in the power of any
military captain in this country, refused
the Prefideiici/, bv vnur suifrages, to be-
come (KrVOLTx' SOVEREIGN BY
HIS WILL? That you are so, is the
doctrine promulgated by this newly es-
tahliished press in the Stale of Ten-
nessee.

We do not say that this is the senti-
ment of Gen. Jacksoi! — we trust in
God it is not. It issuCirient to create
alarm, that it is the doctrine of some of
his liege supporter?, and we fear of
no small number of tb.em-— of that class
who, in the language of the Reverend
expounder of the Gospel at Piiiladel-
phia, are more likely to pr.y respect to
the word of their Hero than to tlie aord
of God!

FIRE AM> FAGfiOT.

We learn from Knoxville, Ten-
nessee, that the Jacksonians in that vi-
cinity, finding other arguments ex-
hausted, have applied to that of fire
and faggot. Truth's .-Idvocalehas been
made tl.e sulject of an auto defe. The
I Honorable Jacob C. Isaacs, member of
j Congress discharged the functions of
I Jack-Katch, fxo//tcw. At Westminster,
i he collected a body of men good and
] true, to the hero, and assimilated in
I character with himself, and burnt
, Truth's Advocate, the Richmond ^\ big,
j Knoxville En(|uirer, and other papers,
at the foot of the whipping-post. This
j is always the last resort of Tyranny.
j The books of Gallileo were thus burn-
I ed. The works of the great reform-
ers shared the same fate. We never
dreamed that our ephemeral, would
have obtaiTied this distinilion. But it
j marks the spirit of tiie times, and tiic
temper of the Jacksonians. Those who
I woiilil burn llic book, would nUo burn the
milliori. We .'ce tin: path b( larR us, in
the^c proceedings. Birt we lni«t there ii a
fccline in the community, ci]u;il to the repul-
sion of such nttcmpts at violciir.c nml intimiils-
tion. They ili^gracc our country, an J more p»-
periallv ilif^^nicc it, when we find a member cf
CongreM ii cagnpjd in thecn.

TRUTH'S ADVOCATE

ANO

MONTHLY ANTI- JACKSON EXPOSITOR.

CITfCINNATI, OHIO, OCTOBER, 1828.

JACESON DN PI.OaiDA.

Jn (lic preceding numbci-s of lliis
■. oik, Gen. JacksotJ has been cxliibil-
ed as a military comrr.ander, and a$ a
private citizen. Some prominent points
of his conduct, in botii tl:ose reialion;:.
liave been investigated, and pH'scntcul
to the country, in their true colours.
TJie just inference fronn Ihco. ex-
jiojures, i.-. that he i? not cither in tem-
per, habits, or capacilj, qualified for

^' civil rule. This result, whicii sccnis
inevitable, from the facts <'drt;ady
spread before the public, is most con-
clusively sustained by liis course of
conduct, when placed in the oftice of a
civil maj;istrate. Fortunalcly for Otose,
\v'io sincerely vvisli to make a just es-

. tiiTiate of Gen. Jackson's fitness for the
Executive office of the nation, he has
been called to ofticialc as a Chief Ex-
ecutive ofricer, in a piiroly i;ivil capa-
city. His conduct in that otiicc, is
matter of history, and is preserved i.n
pnblic and oflicial documents. PVom
these it is now intended to compile a
full and fait'nful account of his proceed-
ing's, connected with such cxplanalioHs
and reflcctior^=. as may servo to present
the w'lolc in a just light before the
nation. U will not be practicable to
compress this; narrative, with the ne-
cessary docutncnts to sustain it, within
the space tiiat could be wislied. But
although the article nsust W; a long

■ one, it will be found to comprise a
liody of inforinatio!! liiprldy interestinfr
to the politician, t'jo historian, and to
every Isoncst enfpiircr. after the true
cliaracter of Gen. Jaclison.

Tiio general fact is well knov.n.
I';at in 1821, Gea. Jaci<-on wr.s ap-
(loin'ed by President Monroe, to re-
ceive possession oftlic Florida-, from
lh.«:Spaui.-!i antiiorirics, and to olliciafc
i- (lovcrnor over the territory. It is
■;;iia!ly well known, that in tlic per-
formance of these duties. Gen. Jackson
"jav^lved l.irosclf in desperate quarrels

R

j with the Spanish oflicers, and with the
I United States Judge. The active and
oj)eratinii motives that produced these
resulls, and the discreditable conduct
into which Gen. Jackson's passions
hurried him, are little known and al-
most for:»oltcn. !t is only l)y a perfect
knowledge of these, that the demerits
of Ids proceedings can be fully under-
stood.

Early in tlicyear IGIO, a treaty was
conclndiKl at V\'a>liingtoii, between
Don Onis, the Spanish minister, and
Mr. Adams, Secretary of Slate, for the
cession of the Flori^las, by Spain, to
the I'niicd Slates: ;ind Congress, in
anticipation of its ratification b) Spain,
passed a lav/, providing for taking pos-
session of, and governing it. The ra-
tification, however, did not take place
nnliltlic 24 Ih of October, 1820, o;i the
part of Spain, and on the 18th of Feb-
ruary, lOI'l^ it was ratified by the
Senate: tlie ratifications were ex-
changed, and the treaty promulgated
at Washington, Februaiy 22nd, iC21.
Congress tltcn proceeded to enact
another law presiding for taking the
possession of, and for the government
of the country. Tins second law was''
considered as superesding the law of
1819, and all that was done under it.

By the 1st section of this law, the
President was anthorized to take pos-
session, and to remove tiie oflicers and
soldiers of Spr.in, according to the pro-
visions of l};c treaty, for which pur-
pose ho was empowered to cmphn'
any part of the army and navy of tlic
United staks, or the mililia. By the
second section, it was provided: "That
until the end of the first session of the
next Congioss, uidcss provision for the
temjiornry government of said terri-
tories he sooner made by CongrcsF, all
the miiilary, (ivil, and judicial powrrrs,
exercised by the oflicers of the exist-
ing government of the same terriiorie?,
shall be vested iu juch person and pc-r-

V"

UC2

JAYKSON'IN ri,ORIPA.

sons, an J shall be exercised in sach j ernment of the said territories, so ce-
manner as the President of the United I dcd by Spain to the United Slates:
States sliall direct, for the maintain- Provjrfff/, howner, and it is the true
ing the inhabitants of said territories intent and meaning of these presents,
in the FREE ENJOYMENT of their that the said Andrew Jackson, or any
liberty, properly, and reUgion." Tliis ' person acting nmlcr him, or in the said
•ection furthur provides for the en- 1 territories. siiaUiiave no power or au-
forcemeirt of the revenue la\vs of the ' thority to lav or collect any new or
Union, within the territories; the sub- 1 additional taxes, or to grant or confirm
sequent sections provide for executing to any persrtn or persons, whomsoever,
certain specific stipulations in the ; any title or claims to lands within tlu
treaty, appointing commissioners for 1 same."
dilicrent purposes, fixing their com-i

pensation, and appropriating one hun-t The special commission, after rc-
dred thousand dolla's for carrying the [citing the treaty, tlie law, and the
law into effect. The provisions of the powers given as Governor, is in these
second section, as above quoted, are a words:
transcript of the law of 1803, with re-
spect to taking possession and to the | '•Therefore, be it known, that in vir-
goveriiment of Louisiana, ' jtue of the above recited act of Con-

Under this law, the President issued | gress, I do, by these presents, appoint
three commissions to Gen. Jackson; and authorize you, the said Andrew
one appointing him to receive posses- 1 Jackson, to administer the government
sion of the F'loridas; one appointing' with the existing authorities, in tlu-
him Governor of the Floridas; and a best manner in your power for the
special commission for carrying into I present, and to report wthout delay,
effect the stipulations of the treaty. I the actual state, with such alterations
It is only the powers conferred by the, as you may think advisable, that fur-
two last commissions, which it is ne- ther instructions may be given respect-
cessary to undei-stand. No difficulties ; ing the same: and I do authorize you
arose about tlie firft. After reciting I to suspend any officer or ctlicers in
the treaty, and the act of Congress, the said territories which the public
tlic commission of Governor proceeds: good may seem to require, with the

I exception always, of such as are,

"Now, know ye, that, reposing spe-jor may be appointed by the President

dal trust and confidence in the integ-.ofthe United States, making a report

rity, patriotism, and abilities, of J\Iaj. jio this government of your procted-

General Andrew Jackson, I do, in vir-
tue of the above recited act, appoint
him to exercise, within the said ( eded
Territories, under such limitations as
liave been, or may hereafter be, pre-
scribed to liini by my instructions, and
by law, ail the power.- and anihorilie

ings therein.

The two fii-st commissions are dated
March lOll.: tlie 1 i>t M:!r. h ;0!!i.
18-21.

The President also appointed Coi.

heretofore exercised by the Governor' Forbes to proceed to Havana, and re-
and Captain Creneral and Intenikml ofjceive from tlu-- Governor cf rlain arch-
Cuba, and by the Ciovernors of East ives and public documents, bclongin;;
and West Florida, within the said [to tlie Floridas, and to receive iVoni
provinces respectiv<dv , and do anl!ior-'the Governor of Cuba, the proper or-
\fjo, and empower him. the raid An-Jdersto the Governors of the Floridas,
drew Jackson, to execute and I'nllil to deliver the country to the United
the duties of this pre^eid appoininitnt State'^. At a' subsetpient time, the
acioiiUng to law, and to have and to , President made the following otiicr an-
hold the same, with all its powers and | poinlments:
privileges, nnlil thc^Tiul of the next j

session of Congress, unless provision j Eligius Fromentin, of Louisiana, tw
be srtOHer made for the temporary gov- 'be Judge of the United States for Woai

COMMISSIONEK.

363

Florida, and for that part of East Flor-
ida which lies westward of the Cape,
to reside at Pensacoia.

Alexatider Anderson, of Tennessee,
to be Attorney of the United States for
West Flarida, and for that pait of East
Florida w'lich lies westward of the
Cape, to reside atPei^sacola.

\Villiani P. Duval, of Kentucky to be
Judge of Uie United States for East
Florida, with the exception of that
part which lies westward oi the Cape,
to reside at St. Aiifjustine.

John G. Bird, of Georgia, to be At-
torney of the United States for East
Florida, with the exception of that
part which lies westward of the Cape,
to reside at St. Augustine.

James Grant Forbes, of New Yoik,-
to be Marshal of the United States, in
and for East and West Florida, with
authority to appoint a deputy, either
for St. Augustine or Pensacola, while
he shall himself reside at either of
those places.

George Walton, of Georgia, to be
Secretary in and for West Florida,
and for that part of East Florida
which lies westward of the Cape.

William G. D. Worthington, of Ma-
ryland, to be Secretary in and for
East Florida, except that part which
lies westward of the Cape, to reside at
St. Augustine.

Mark Harden, of Soutli Carolina, to
be Collector of t!ie Customs at St.
Marks.

John Rodm;in. of New York, Col-
lector of the Customs, and Richard S.
Hackley, of Virginia, Surveyor and
inspector of the Revenue, at St. Au-
gustine.

Alexander Scott, of the District of
t.'ohunbia, Collector of the Customs;
AVilliam S. Smith, of the Dislricl of
Columbia, N:>\al officer; and Charles
Jenkins, of South Carolina, Surveyor
and iBspector of the Revenue, at Pen-
sacola,

Gen. Jackson was apprised of his
appointment, by a letter from the Sec-
relaiy of Slatc,'da(ed March 12, J821.
This letter contained particular in-
structions for the performance of the
various doilies assigned to Gen. Jack-

son, and from it, the iollowing extracts
are made ;

" It is the President's desire, that
you should appoint Gen. Gaines, or
such other officer as you may deem ex-
pedient, to receive possession of St.
Augustine; and that the same instruc-
tions should be applied to the execution
of that service. The United States
brig Enterprise or schooner Porpoise,
will be ordered to proceed to that
place, to escort the transports which
are to convey the Spanish oHicers and
troops thence to the Havana. The
care of providing the transports at
both places is referred to you. The
number af troops at either place is
not known, but supposed to amount to
ahout 300 men at each. The stipula-
tion is understood to include civil as
well as military officers, and provisions
as well as passage.

'■Instructions will be given by the
Secretary of War, to the Quarter
Masters and Commissaries, to furnish
to your orders, provisions and trans-
ports for the conveyance of the Span-
ish officers and troops, it is expected
they will be supplied at New Orleans
and Moi)ile, for those to embark within
Ihc Gulf.and at Savannah and Charles-
ton, for those going from St. Augus-
tine. * * * *

" As soon as the possession shall be
transferred, }'oti will, in pursuance of
your autiiority over the ceded terri-
tories, issue proclamations announcing
the fact — a form adapted from that
which was issued on the first occupa-
tion of Louisiana is herewith enclosed,
to be modified as the ciicumstances, in
youi- opinion, may require.

"Tiie power vested in you by tlie
enclosed commissions, are also conform-
able to those which were entrusted to
the Governor of Louisiana, under an
act of Congress of similar import.—
The President is satisiied th.at they .
will be exercised by you with a due
regard as well to the privileges and
usages of the inhabitants, under the
government to which, they have been
sui)je(l, as to tlie personal and social
rights to which -tiiey will be entitled
by the stipulations of the treaty, and
as asif>ciates to the union of ihese

i

3A4

JACKSO.V IS ri.ORIDA.

sl.itcs. The money paid into thcl treaty. His own account of hi* move-
Spanish treasury hcfoie (he d'^livcry of m<;iits, aiitl his own opinion'^ of the re-
pos50i^ion, and whatever may be due siihs, are here inserted, as tlie first spe-
thereto at that date, is to be consider- cinien he has given, of his views of the
c(l .'IS the property of Spain. Pay- powers and duties of civfl onkcrs:

niriits and dcbU sub>oqu<'nl to llial
<l;ite will belong, of course, to the Uni-
ted States. * * * ■
" Your compcrisUioii as Govcruoi-
willbc at the rate of live thousar.d
dollars, a yoar. As Commissioner for
receiving possession of the province*,
such reasonable espenso as may be

" I have h<Te m< t \Tith .Major Staun
ton. of the Qn.iitur Master's Uepart-
HKiit. wl;o advises ine, thai lie if Vi-ith-
out Quarter Master's funds for ihe
purpose of carrying into clTcct tJie
tra'isportation of the civil and military
ollicer* f»f Spain from the Floridas, as

incurred, will he allowed. Wheiieverlstipulated under the late treaty with

your militar}- command cciiscs, your
salary as Governor will commence. * "^
"At the ensuing se?;ion of Congress,
it is to be presumed, one of the earlicjct
objects of attention in that body, will
he to make further provision f(u- the
government of these tcrrilwips. The
PreiJdent wishes you, in the interval,
to collect and communicrite to tiiis De-
partment, any information relating to
the country and its inhabitant?, which
may Ikj useful to Uic exercise of the
legislative j)Owct of the Union con-

S[jnin.and inloims me, that it is under-
stood by the Quarter Master Genenil,
that, through ma, the funds necessary
to carry into effect the stipulation for
transporting the Spanish troops are to
be obtained. From ihe ptrvsnt (f m-j
inslruitwiis, it 'Iocs not opprnr ihnl I am
aulhorized to draiu upon ihe Slate De-
partmeni for Quarter Master's funds, but
-ailltaJce vpon »ij; the rc:--poniibilityso to do.
I thought it most advisable to endeav-
our to raise here, by a draft uponyouf

J3epartment, the sum necessary '.o

meet the expenses of receiving the

"For the expenses incident to the country and organizing the uoverii-

ceniJiig them

services herewith required, you will
draw upon this departnvnt. Strict
economy is to be bbsx'rved in incurring
th'^m, and I have urgently to request
Llie (raiismiw^ion, a? 'early as possible,
of all the accounts resulting from tlirm,
with the vouchers n/LXCSsary lev Iht ii
fcltlement at the TreasUiy." '

ment, fearing that a draft would not be
sold at Mobile or Pens,»cola; for this
purpose, I oftered for sale a draft, and
ib«nd I could not nbtflin United States
paper for it without a discount. I
therefore, directed .Mnjor Staunton to
apply Jo the branch i)ank of the Unite;'.
Slates, to be informed whether it

would a^lvancc upon my dralV; It re-
13y the act of March. 1 321, reducing ; fused. I then addressed a note to the
tHe military peace establishnii^nl, which I Collector, 1\lr. Thew ; the c<n« losed is
look etlecton the 1st dav of.luuo. IG'l, his answer. I also enclo-e the state-
ment of iMajor Staunton: from all
whirh you will discover, that, without
discount, money cannot be obtained
here on drafts upon the Government.

Gen J'u kson's military conmiand ceas-
ed ; at tlwit tinu-, his s;il iry as Governor
commenced.

Gen. Jackson left Nashville for the

performance of his duties in ihe Fior-" No delay, however, shall occur in tl#c
'■"''"' transportation of the Spani-h troops,

frr.Di the want of funds, as far as I can
his niilitarv tiHiily; or, at least a part I command them: nor will I evercon-ent
of them;f.'aplain CaiK as aid-de-camp, ] !o sell hills on the government at a dis-
and Doctor Bronaugh, as Surircan j count, to any, and more particularly to
General, acoompanie<l him. At NcwiiIk' branch bank of the United States,
Orb^ans, he commeuced en(|uiries of in which is deposited all Ihe revenue
the Q'larler Maxtor'-; dei)artmenl, for 'of the government received at this
funds to providt^ for Ihe transportation | place. I shall endeavour at Mobile or
of the civil and military ollicers of I Pensacola. to raise the necessary funds
Spain, according to the teniw of (he 'on draft--. Should ' !"••! there. ! tru^t

, PPJ)i.5US.SI0XKU«

3a&

uj.^n the recdpt of liiis, thq govern- 1 ccnd Iiis-juUiiosHy, ar.d do what his in-
iKi^iit will iiislnict tlie liranc.U baidc (o structions did iiot warninl. And th.rt

fupiiisii mc witli the anioiml tliat may

i. - ,;ry lo incel tlie expeiisi's tliat

!ir ill receiving the Floridas,

aiid . I , , .zini> the government thereof.

■• I am. Sir, &.C. i

'■ANDREW J.\CKSON."

•{""enclosures i\" the above.]

'^Major Stanton to GoTCrnor Jackson.
"New Orleans, April 25, 1!521.

'•Sik: AjtrccaMy to \ our request of
this morniflfr, I waited on (he C'aehicr
of the United States branch bank, and
stated to 'liim your wisli to negotiate
through his bank, a draft oti Washing-
ton, for ten or fiilecn thousand dollars,
which he peremptorily declined doing.
Knowing ihe importance of oljtainiag
funds, and that money could not l)e

lie ohli(|uidy censures botli (he Clsiiier
of the i)ranch bank of the United
States, and the Collector of the Cus-
totiis, because tiiey would not, e;ther of
thein, disregard their oflicial duties at;
his bidding. He admitted that he had
no authority to draw a draft on the
Slate Department, yi-t he determined
to draw such a draft!! Tlie Cashier
of the brat.ch bank declined purclias-
ing this uiiauthorized dr;ift, because his
" instruc/wns forbade his rw.goliolhif^
drafh.''' The Collector could not ad-
vance money upon the draft, because,
without particular instructions from
the Sc'Crclary of the Treasury, he had
no authority to dispose of the public
money. Yet Gen. Jackson is eviden.t-
ly dissatisfied. What possible security
could there be for puldic monies, if it

had in market for drafts, but at a dis-j were allowable to pav them wit upon
count, I ventured to state to tlie Casli- L.iauthorized drafts, contrary to posi-
ier such reasons as presented them- 1 five instructions, or without' the legal

selves to my n*iDd, wh)- the favour re
<p;ested should be granted, and the
very serious embarrassment that might
result to t!ie public service, should he
ppsist in his refusal, which, however,
he thought proper to do, without as-
signing any other reason, than that the
irjofher hank forbade his negotiating
drafts.

" I have tlie honor lo be. Sec.
''H. STANTON, D. Q. M. GV

* The Collector at Acw Orleans to Gov,
Jackson, dated 25th Jpril, 1821.

auliioiily? Gen. Jackson conceived
that all this was proper, and not only
attempted to eflect these illegal monied
operations, but ;n the heat of disap-
pointment, gives a vory unjustifiable
turn to the refusal, by those who held
the money, to part with it. He holds
this language: '-Nor Mill 1 ove;- con-
sent to sell bills on the government at a
discount lo any, and more particularly
to the branch bank of the Uiiited
States, in which is deposited all the
revenue of the government, received at.
this place." The aatura! inference
'-Sir: I have the honor ol' acknowl-J from this language would be, that the

edging the receipt of your lelter of yes-
terday's date, aiid should have been
extremely happy to be empowered to
advance the sum you rcijuirc, by ac-

CI

branch be.nk sought to obtain tlie Gen-
eral's hills upon govoniment, at a dis-
count, where;^;s, the Cashier stated,
explicitly, that his iiistruc-ions forbade

■pting a draft Oil the Department of him from purchasing at fill. The D.
S(aic: but particular instructions from [ Q. I\I. C. expresses pretty distincily.
!)ie Honorable Secretary of the Tie;is-j iiis opinion, that oliedience (<i his in-
nry would be necessary to authorize | structions, on (he pari of the Cashier,
me to make that disposition of the pub- j was but an insuliicieut gi\'>und of ac-

lic money in my hands.
"1 am, fcc.

'•BEV. CHEW."

lion. He reasoned with him (o induce
disobedience, and seems (juite surpris-
ed that he should think proper, to re-
fuse''r(j//Ao«/o.?.v/:,'7i('/(:,'-«»iy '///«■)• >'ftf,?o;j.''
It is here seen," that the habitual dis- An<I Gen. Jackson adopts the D. Q.
,(',,ird of nil legal restraints, was so ! M. G"s opinion, as itv.'ould seem, from
prevalent with General Jackson, that j the ma:iiier in wiiich he treats the sub-
.hc proposed, without scruple, to trans- ject. Is not this proceeding one of a

SCO

JALKSOX IN FLORIWA.

most startling character? Here is a
high functionary of the poveniment,
seriously reasoniiic; with an elHcer hav-
ing charge of money belonging to
other^ople, to prevail witlihim to act
in direct disoliedience to the instruc-
tions of his employers'.! Surely such a
course of conduct evinces but very
loose notions of either individual or
oflicial morality!

From N. O. Gen. J. proceeded to
Blakelr, in Alabama, which place he
reached on the 29th of April, and from
thence he proceeded to Montpelicr, I
where he was on the 19th of May. — .'
From Blakely. Gen. .(ackson sent;
Messrs. Bronaugh and Brackcnridgc.i
one as Surgeon General, the otiier as '
private Secretary to the ■General, toj
notify the Governor of Pensacola, that
he was appointed to receive possession,
and proposing to enter into preliminary
arrangements for receiving it, as soon
as Mr. Forbes should arrive from Cuba
with the proper orders. Callava, the
Governor of Florida, declined enter-
ing into these arrangements, and as-
signed as a reason, that he had not " re-
ceived any orders from the Captain
General of Cujia, the superior on whom
he was immediately dependant, rela-
tive to the treaty and surrender of the
province, and by which his measures I
must be governed, in case he should be >
selected as the person to make the
same." '

This reply was dated the 4th of;
May, and was received b\- Gen. Jack-
son on the ~th. hi communicating the'
facts to the Secretary of State, Gen.
Jackson took upon himself to express
surmises as to the cause of Mr. For-
bes's delay at Havana, very discredita
ble to the Spani4.h authorities. The
following is an extract of his letter,
«lated Blakely, May 7th, 1821 :

'•I am at a lois to conjecture the!
causes of llie delay of the Hornet : a I
fewd;iys will give us the niasou, and 1
Impe it may not bo found to exist in any
understanding existing between an as-
sociation of our nierihants nnd the (iov-
ernor General of Cuba: but, sir. it is i
rumoured and believed here, tliat sucii ■
an attempt will be made by merchants.;
to prevail upon the Governor Geueral '

to withhold the order for the delivery
of the Florida?, until the last moment
to give time for the arrival of large
shipment of goods for Pensacola."

This rumour &, belief imphes a scai»-
dalous imputation upon ^mir merchanls,''
as well as upon the Governor GenM. of
Cuba. And it is no evidence of purity
of intention, to be so ready upon mere
rumour, tu believe and give expression to
a charge of such degrading character.
We may no doubt trace to this species
of ungenerous suspicion, the disagree-
able events that followed, after Gen
eral Jackson obtained possession. This,
it will be seen, is not the only instance
in which the General allowed himself
to cherish and express suspicions higli-
ly derogatory to the Spanish officers
and to our own citizens.

On the 14th of I\Iay, Captain Call
was again at Pensacola, with a mes-
sage from Gen. Jackson to Governor
Callava. Certain propositions were
made, and on the IGth, Gov. Callava
returned an answer, concurring in the
propriety of all that was suggested,
but declining to act upon them, be-
cause he had as jet received no orders,
and was without authority. This re-
ply appears to have been perfectly
satisfactory to the General. In com-
municating it to the Secretary of State,
on the 21st, he observes, it " will shew
you the feelings of the Governor, and
that nothing is wanting but the arrival
of Col. Forbes, to place us in posses-
sien of tbe ceded country."

Capl. Call, in making report on the
2 1st of May, of his interviews with
Gov. Callava, thus expressed himself:

"I had repeated interviews with tb.e
Governor, and as far as 1 had an oppor-
tunity of forming an opinion of his
character, I believe him to be a frank,
' ingenuous soldier, and that evcrv con-
t'ldeiice may be placed in the profe--
sions which lie has made. Of Ihij I
am sure, he is not le^snnxious to leave,
than you are to occupy, the ceded
country."

Previous fo the receipt of this com-
inunication from Gov. Callava, and of
Capt. Call's report. Gen. Jackson had
ciilortaincd diflerenl opinion^, :iiid tb.ir-

COM»nsSIONER.

36?

expressed (hem, in a letter to the Sec-i
retary of State, dated Moiitpelier, May
1 9th."'

" Believing, as 1 do, that, as soon as
the Spanish agents are notified of the
ratification of the treaty and the ex-
change thereof, there can he no rea-
son for delay, the moment the Hornet
arrives, I shall move to Pensacola, and
having taken possession, shall organize
and exercise the government of the
country, «? a thing which we have a
perfect right to do at any time. The
evacuation of the fortifications by the
Spanish officers and troops, and the
transporting them to Cuba, is another
th-iiig, to accomplish which they have
six months, if it is not possible to with-
draw them sooner.

Here, from my instructions, I am to
remain until the arrival of Colonel
Forbes; but on his arrival, if any de-
lay is attempted, it cannot be attribut-
ed to the government of Spain, but a
wanton act of her officers, not warrant-
ed by good faith, or by tiie treaty. In
this case, therefore, I have a right to
present myself, and demand possession.
This course I intend to pursue, if ne-
cessary, and my conjectures that this
course may become necessary, grow
out of the delay of the arrival of Col.
I-'orbes. From reading his instruc-
tions, I cannot see any real eause for
Iiis delay, or how it has occured, or
why he has permitted it."

On the .30ih of May. the first unfa-
\ onrable impressions, which seemed to
have been removed on tlie Cist, had
rigain taken possession of the General's
mind. He thus writes to the Secre-
<ary of Slate: ,

"1 have no information from Colonel
Forbes since my last; but it appepj-s to
lie understood and" expressed by the
inhabitants of Pensacola, that we will
not get possession until the expiration
of six months from the cxcliange of
ratincations of the treaty. My letter
oftlic 19lh iiist. will have given you
my constrnetion of the treat)-, and my
jiower under the commission to take
possession of the Florids, combined
v.i.tli voiir in«fnictio!t«. I sliall n.nxiniic

ly await your answer to that letter, as
1 have but little doubt now, but we
will experience every delay that can
be til row n in our way, and 1 have no
wish to do an act contrary t« my in-
structions, or the wish of my govern-
ment; but when 1 review the delays
and conduct heretofore practised by
the Spanish government, I feel myself
bound to oppose any attempt to pros-
trate our national character, and to
violate the pledges of friendship given
in the treat}". 1 feel every desire to
harmonize and to obtain possession of
the country ceded in the most gentle
manner, provided I meet a correspond-
ing disposition on the part of the of-
ficers of Spain: but, if the order for
the delivery should not be sent by Col.
Forbes to the Governor of Pensacola,.
on his report that he has delivered the
royal order to the Captain General
and Governor of Cuba, I deem it impe-
rious upon me, to advance within the
limits of Florida, tender sufficient
transportation, and demand a surren-
der of the country, agreeably to the
second article of the treaty — it being
presumed that the Governor-Gen-
cml of Cuba lias done Jiis duty, and
(hatduly notifying the Governor, he
has given the necessary order for the
delivery of the ceded country. If the
Governor alleges tiiat he is not ready
to deliver the country and embark his
troops, it seems to me, that he is not
only bound to show good reasons, but
also to defray the expenses of demur-
rage incurred upon the public vessels
ordered for tiie transportation of hi~
troops. If the Spanish Governor should
not embark his troops before (he !22nd
of August next — must not the Spanish
Government after that dale furnish
their own transportation, having vio-
lated the treaty, and have not I a right
after that date, /o take po^scsfion hyfurcc,
if not peaceably surrendered? From
the wording of the Act of Congress, 1
have no doubt we have.

"1 ]>opc 1 m;iy bo agreeably disap
pointed in my forebodings, but, froni
tiic declarations of some Americans
I that we will not get, nor have a
I right to demand, possession, until the
i expiration of the six months, and that
i even then w^ must negofj-ile for pov

3(M

JACKSOX m FLORIDA.

?essioi'!, a<!iiod to the dc!

v.-lie'i till -•

expericiKed; I airi iiuluccii lo btjiicvu itioris iWi\, lo produce fHcct, thai llie iri-.
thai c><.rv delay will be expoiicuci-d, {jurcrl re.doii can properly cojuplain,
(liat tlie Spanish ©(liccrs tiiiiik will bo lor take rtdres<: Info it? own hand=.
f^i'jmitted to by tlie American govera-i Anv other doctrii.e w''oiild lead to tlie
jnci'.t." ■ <• •- * ' mo^t inisehievous coriscqiiences.' a;id'

■ - ■ would plRce it in the powder of every

'W'cii bad occurred betv.cen (liejiiot headed, and every idler piihlic
2lst and ti)e 30th of I^Iay, to revive j functionary to cornpromi' the peace of
ihesc suspicions, and iaspirc the Gen- j nations and of the world. i

tral v.'ith siiro unfavorable 5cntim<*Tits. i Until the ecded country wr.s deHf-
"C liave no means of ascertaining;. | cred to Gen. JackeonVhy the Spanish
Xo facts are dotail'jc! in lite rorrespon-' authorities, he v/^as not authorized to
di>nco, to warrant the General's opin-j exercise any power over if. The
iins: and tiie whole of his sii.-pirions ■f;ovcrnment«rcmained with Spain. «n-
^cvm to Ite predicated upon the delay til transferred to the U.iit-'d State? un-
ofCcI. F.ivbeH. But these suspicions !der the treaty; aud that Jlicf '•..-i-: ; ^ L.-
are not moi'e unreasonable tlKin the made known by proclamiti-
doclrine he ad\ances. in connection for which, was sent to Gen. .< ■ , on
v.illi them. iscxtfHordinary. by the Secrclar}^ of State. Tiie two.

By tlie 7th article of die trcMy, it Governments were careful to provide
was ^i'rpulaled that "//k- nfftrcrs nir'V | atjhinst ' any possible collision of ai:-'
troops." in the territories ceded, should thority. betv.een their officers, cm i -
be withdrawn, and possession of the'ing their functions at the same liii.: ;
places occupied by t'lcm should be | over the same countrj'. Gen. .Tacly-
'•T-/-r»i" lo the commissioners ofthcU. 'son was vested only with tl; -: ^

Slates appointed to receive t^iem witii-'of ( 'onimissimier to receive ;• ,

in six mon!!is from tlic ratification of and yet this mere ministeriai .. :
the treaty. The i^;-f-»ident had rQ-\propcse< ^'to t-ike r">^erfsionhy fl,.'
rofl;nized the Uflccssttv of a delivery by ' Let us only remark upon t': , ^

Spain to a i ofnmissianer appointed :char;wters it became neces-
*i>r that purpose. The King of Sp;rin sume in this proceeding. '!
had mad;^ ;'.n order to the Capfain-Gen- Cumraissioner, :.(:cus."i !' . ' ' ;-

cral of Cuha, to cause delivery to be ficcrs ofvioliting the trc r'l:

made. The President of the United i he sits in juil;;ment upon iWis a.xusa-
i^tatcs had appointed a commissioner, { tion. and pronounces it (rue. Third:.
;r.id sent him to Cuba with the order he proceeds, a? Judge, to pronoui-cc
of the King of Spain, to obtain the re- jseiitence and invest hini-elf witb a
ijiilsitcand necessary order for the de-!ri<;ht to execute it. And fmrlh: be
li'.crv. In this Slate of the c:usc, the ; takes commend of the ni'liiarj- fovcc
Commissioner takes upon himself to of the nation to enable, him. by force,
set up a new interpretation, and do- to carry his own jud-^aient npo;: i. •
terrainesthaf he has a ri^ht, under the 'own accusation, on his own (e.-liiiu j .
treat V, to take immediate possession. I into otTIrt. Is not this Ibc very es-
\*ithout waiiinjr for the formal act ofjscncc of tyranny, even in Hie cas-^ "!'
dehverv. And this doctiine he founds an indivldiia!? AVhat ctiairactcr
upon the proportion as-nmed by him-, properly be ijivcn to if. whea its i'-.-
^.■lf. in (he nlisernc of rdl proof, thai 'simjucik e Ts to emb:;oiI his o^yn with a
Use dflav \'ii.ho*'itiinln,inctoflhr ."^^'ik- I foreign ;,'overnmen(, m the very f.icti':
ifii o'/itv)'.*, wo/ uiarr'"'"' ■"' 'V'""l fmlli or \ executins; a treaty of ;imily, setticme;.>
t/:; ihc iKrtltjy ' ! iiiid limits between thern ? Jhc Inv.-

Tins nssumplron :s (\;:;uar> to all and the comity of nations forbade *Ir;t
comity betv.een nations. ' ,Tt is by pub-' the ;^overnment of the Uai:e;l M .
\':r functi'v.iaries thal.aU f.Menimcnts ;i?(.-!f. sfioidd have pursued flny s.irh
art: Ifsucii functiouanas (1i'*r6gard course. The prop-isition of a mere
(lieir duty, tiie plain c6ufs:,c is to make 'a?;ent, that he would pursue it, upon
representatioR' to their <ioVcTimm!l, ' iti- o'vi. riiii'.orilv. --h<?.-- h.iw utterly

LEGISLATOR.

3«9

ignorant Gen. Jackson was of public
law, and of public duty; or, feeling
that he was the strongest, his utter dis-
regard of both. Tlie result demon-
strated, that his suspicions of the Span-
ish authorities, and of "ok?- merchanls"'
were alike unlbunded. The Floridas
were delivered in good faith, on the
17th of July, 1821, and the delay ac-
counted for, to the satisfaction of the
.President.

A careful perusal of the narrative
and documents here presented cannot
fail to impress all candid mind?, with the
unfitness of Geu. Jackson for civil of-
tice. • They exhibit him as ready to
assume authority, and disregard legal
and official restraint?, and to encour-
age the same conduct in others, up»n
liis own notions of public service. No
doctrine or practice could be devised
more subversive of ail public security,
and of all public morals. He is shown
to be unacquainted with, or wholly
regardless of the pliiinest principles of
public law and of pubhc duty. It is
demonstrated that he is capable of
conceiving and uttering imputations
of the basest character, against foreign
public officert), and against his own
countrymen. Imputations of no less
enormity than bribery, corruption, and
dereliction of duty, consequent upon
them, without even attempting to ad-
duce other evidence than his own sus-l
picions. These are all traits of char- 1
acter, which greatly disqualify him for
the high office of President of these |
United States. i

We have seen that Gen. Jackson j
received possession of the Floridas, on
the I7th day of July, 1821. His func-
tions of Commissioner then ceased, and
he became Governor, according to his
own interpretation of his powers, con-
centrating in himself, the legislative,
judicial, executive and military pow-
ers of the Captain-General of Cuba.
On the 18th of July he commenced
the exercise of his legislative functions
in the enactment of a law or ordinance,
respecting the town of St. Augustine.
!t is in the following words:

An Ordinanre by

Maj. Gek. Andrew Jackso.v,

Goremor ofOw Provintr, of the Fl»ridx!s,

S e

exercising the poicers of the Captain
General and of the Intendanl of the
Island of Cuba, ovci- the said Provin-
ces, and of the Governors of said Prov-
inces, respectively.

That with a view to the preserva-
tion of the good order, and health of
the Town of St. Augustine,
I DO ordain:

Sec. 1. That there shall be appoint-
ed, annually, by the Governor, a Chief
Officer, to be called the Mayor, and
six subordinate officers, to be called
Aldermen, who shall form a Council,
and have aiid exercise all the powers
necessary to the good government of
the said Town. ^

Sec. 2. That the said Mayor and
Council shall hcncpnwer by ordinance or
OTHERWISE, to impose fines or forfeitures,
for the infraction of their regulations;
and appoint such officers as they may
deem necessary to enforce their ordi-
nances; and to levy such taxes as may
BE NECESSARY for the support of their
Town Government.

Sec. 3. As tlie Christian Sabbath is
observed throughout the civilized
world, it is ordained, that, in order to
remove any doubt which might be enter-
tained, zcith respect to the powers of the
Mayor and Council on this subject, that
the said Mayor and Council be author-
ized to make any regulations on the
due observance thereof, which they may

DEEM proper.

Sec. 4. In order to remove all
doubts on the subject of the limits of
the town of St. Augustine, and its de-
pendencies, as well as to place under
the immediate controul of the Mayor
and Council all the fountains and
springs from ixhich the inhabitants are
supplied with zoater, it is ordained that
the incorporated limits of said town
shall be Ks follows: BoHnded East by
the waters of the harbour; South and
west by the river St. Sebastian, and
on the North b)- a line fifteen hundred
yards North of the gate of fort St.
Mark.

Sec. 5. [Relating to matters of po-
lice, is omitted.]

Section 6. [Gives to the Mayor and
Council the power to acquire and dis-
pose of property for public use.]

Sec. 7. That all the innkeepers, gr*-

3:»

JACKSON IN FLORIDA.

fc«, and otiier rcUiilersof liquor?, are,
by thU ordinance, expresfcly prohibited
from mRSisHiXG or yfflmo-, any liqior
or ardent spirits, wliatever, lo nriy sol-
dier in ttie sen ice of the United Slates of
America, under the penalty of nineteen
dollars for each oflTence, and to stand
committed lo the common jail until the
iaid penalty, with costs, is paid.
Pcni?.cola, July 18, 1821.

ANDRKW JACKSON,
Governor of the Floridas, &c.
By the Governor:

W. D. G. VVORTHINGTON,

Secy., &c. for IJ. Flori&a.

'•All the foontaiss and springs, /ront
ichich Ike infuibilants zcere supplied n-ith
Tvaler,'' were subjected to their ''jmme-
DiATE coKTROi'L." Everv thing that
man could enjoy, the atmosphere alone
excepted, nii^'ht, under thif organic
hnv, be regul.itcd by seven men, — the
Mayor and six Aldimien. A more
tremendous despotism was never con-
ceived by the mind of man. Such is
the first act of General Jackson as a
civil magiitrale in Florida,

It is in the nature of man. when
clothed with power, always to press
u])on the limits of his authority, and

I if tliere be no limits, to riot in tlfc in-

This ordinance and others connect- 1 dulgeucc of all he dare attempt, with-

ed with it, hereafter to he noticed, out endangering himself. The coun-

were brought before the public, by ajcil created by this ordiirance, were not

writer in the National Intelligencer, I remiss in exercising the powers vested

who assumed the cogomen ot 'Henrv.'
He has treated the whole subject,
in a very able manner, and he is en-
titled to the thanks of the country for
his exertions to preserve her civil in-
stitutions, from the controul and direc-
tion of incompetent hands. It docs
not comport witli my plan to insert hii<
views at^d reasonings in exl'-nso; but I
take occasion to say, th;>t I am indebt-
ed to him, for most of what 1 shall say
upon the subject.

The ordiiiante now l)efore us,
creates a political corporation, and con-
fers upon its fun( tionaries, powers ut-
terly incompatible with public safety,
and indi\idual liberty. American le-
gislators, have, at all times, proceeded
with the most jealous caution, when
giving powei-s to political cori)orations.
I recollect 110 case in which such cor-
porations have been created, without a
restraining clause, prohibiting the ex-
ercise of any power inconsistent with
the constitution and laws of the Uni-
on, or the state. But here, this des-
cription of corporation, was clothed
with nowersabsohitelv and uiiconlroul-

in them. That of imposing taxes, is
usually most palatal>le to public tunc-
tionaries; and we have a specimea ol
its indulgence in this case.

"AN ORDINANCE,

Passed in the City Council, on the XlOt

October, 1821.

Be it enacted by the Gty Ccnincil of
St. Jlus^ftine, That the following taxes
be laid and collected within the city:

Tzi-cnly-fivc cents on each hundred
dollars on landed property.

One dollar tor each slave above the
age of seven years.

Tico dollars on each FREE person of
colour, over the age of seven years.

Fiif dollars, yearly, on each riding
carriage with two w.icels.

Ten dollnrg on each riding carriage
with four wheels.

Fire dollars on each cart or dray.

Tjcelve dollars, half pearly, on each
retailer of wines and spirits.

One per cent, on the amount of stock
in trade, seven and a half per cent, on
GROSS AMOUNT of salcfi at auction.

Tiro dollars on each dog.
ubly despotic. Their own (li?cie(ion| 7j<e/i.'i/;/(-orf/i(/Air.«, half yearly on all
constituted theirsole rule of legislation, j Billiard Tables.

".7// //if /joa'frs"' (hey might deem ne-
cessary for the good government of the
town, were given lo them. Life, liber-
ty, am! property, weie niaJe subject
10 lh«ir ili.-posal. 'I'hey were invest-
ed w'.th uidinited power of taxation,
riicy were created lords of th^ ScMalli.

Ten dollars, half yearly, on every
boarding house or tavern.

F;/?ff(i</o//or.s, half yearly, on e\eiy
livery stable.

.hid be it further cniKlrd, That it
SHALL ne THE Di'TV of the Collector of
of cilv faxes, to give public notice.

LEGISLATOR.

371

that his oiike will be kept open from
the Fii-itto the Fifteenth o(\Novemher
next,' for (he payment of the ahove
taxes; and it shall be the duty of the
said tax collector, from and after the
said lifteenth of November next, to
take immediate legiil means for col-
lect! jig the same, against each and
every defaulter.

Mud be il further enacted, That it shall
he the duty of the tax collector to pay
over to the city treasury all monies re-
ceived by virtue of tiiis ordinance.

Mnr^ be it further enacted. That the
following taxes be laid and collected
by tiie clerk of the market:

Fifty cents for each beef sold in
market:

Twenty-five «;ents for each sheep or
lamb.

Twenty-five cents for each goat or
kid.

Twenty-five cents for each calf

Twenty-five cents on each Iwg.

Six and a quarter cents on each per-
son selling lish in or near market, per
day.

And be it further enacted, That the
clerk of the market be authorized to
demand and receive, daili/, the above
lax: and in case any person or per-
sons do neglect or refuse' to pay said
taxes, liie said clerk of the market is I
hereby directed and emporcered to call I
to his assistance any one or more of
the city constables, and seize on, and j
lake into his possession and sell, soj
much of each article, as may be ne-
cessary to pay the said taxes.

Passed in Council, this 1 7th Octo-
ber, 1321.

J. G. FORBES, Miyor.

Kvery candid reader is requested to
read this ^/n//'o/' (/«<;>», (whicii Gener-
al Jackson's council considered a '■•ju-
dicious''^ one.) a second time, and ask
himself what ho thinks of it? Then
let him examine the summary mode of
• oUecting them. Assessed the 17th of
October, to be paid by the lotli of
November, and the market tax to be
paid instantly, and daily, upon every
article, or an immediate seizure and
sale to follow. If he should feel sur-
prise or disgust at such l.igh handed
inenstiies, let him, bv way of recon-

ciling himself to ihem, turn back to
page 362, where he will find General
Jackson's commitsion as Governor,
containing this clause:

"Provided, however, and it is the
true intent and meaning of these pre-
sents, that the said Andrew Jackson,
or any person ucljng under him, or i\

THE SAID TERRITORIES, SHALL IWVC NO
POWIlR or Al'THORITY, TO LAY OR COL-
LECT ANV NEW OK Ar>I)rilo«JAr, T>XF,9."

In direct and open conlradijclion ot
this restraint upon himself, or any per-
son acting under iiim, or in the terrri- .
tory. Gen. Jackson expressly author-
ized the council to"Li:vv such taxes
AS MAY BE NEOESSARv." And the Coun-
cil, in the very spirit of their commis-
sion, and in defiance of the limitation
contained in the President's commis-
sion, proceeded to levy taxes, making
their own opinions of "necessity" the
standard for the amount. We' have
here a full length view of Gen. Jack-
son, and those appointed by him, em-
ployed in the administration of civil
government. Are there any persons,
in this Union, who can wish to sec the
same Chief and similar agents, en-
gaged in the same vocation, for the
whole United States? If there be
such, they may support Gen. Jackson
for President. None other should sup-
port him.

The sixth article of the treaty is in
these words:

"The inhabitants of the territories
which his Catholic Majesty cedes to
the United States by this treaty, shall
be incorporated in the Union of the
United States,- as soon as may be con-
sistent with the principles of the Fed-
eral Coijititution, and admitted (o the
enjoyment of all the privileges, rights
and immunities of citizens of the Uni-
ted States."

The interpretation put upon this ar-
ticle, by Gen. Jackson, acting as Gov-
ernor and legislator, is amongst the
most extraordinary imaginations that
ever entered into the mind of a jurist
or of a law-giver. It is embodied in
the subjoined document.

372

JACKSON IN FLORIDA.

AN ORDINANCE
Providing for the .Naiurnlizalinn of the
inluibitanls of the cedfJ Terrilori/, by
Maj. Gin. AxDREW Jackson, Gover-
nor of the Provinces of the Ftoridas,
exercising the potcers of the Cnpl^in

transmitted, nnder the seal of the said
Mflyor, or other persons appointed t»
open register?, to the Secretaries ol" the
said Territories.

Sec. 3. That, from <ind after the
period that the said register shall be

General, and of the Inlendanl 0/ <Ac closed, no other frke male inhabitant
Islaiul of Cuba, ozer the snid Provinces, \ above the age of twenty-one, and en-
am/ of the Governors of said Provin- j titled to make his election, as afore-
ces respectively. \ gaid, shall be. witiiix the ceded ter-

An Ordinance prescribing the mode of\ ritories, entitled to any or the
carrying uUo effect the Sixth article of\ ribhts, privileges, and immunities, of
the treaty if Amity, settlement of dif]. (.^yj^Ey of the United States; but
fereii-es and limits, betveen the l/n'/«/ 1 shall, to all intents and purposes be
States of America and his Catholic considered as FOREIGNERS, Miw/sut-

Majesty,

Whereas, bj the sixth article of the
said treaty, it is amongst other thiii»s,
p^vided, that on the entrance of the
ceded Territories into the Union, the

jecl to the laics of the United States in re-
lalion to ALIENS.

Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the
heads of familien, within the said prov-

act, to furnisji the Mayor, or such other
person as may be appointed to opeu
registers, with the name and age of
every free male member of his family,
and the said .Mayor shall cause the
same to be inserted in the register as
before provided for.

Sec. 3. In order to guard the more
effectually against impositions, as 'veil
as to give to the inhabitants the ?ec»-

inhabitants thereof shall l.c "admitted ! '"^:^*' ^f'"^ desirous to profit by this
to the enjoyment of all the rights,
privileges, and immunities, of the citi-
zens'of the United States:" Now,
therefore, as well with a view to guard
against impositions which may be
practised by foreigners, as to secure to
the inhabitants their free choice to
become Citizens of the United States,
under the provisiomoflhe said Treaty:

Sec. 1. I Bo ordain. That the .^ny-
oCofthe City of St. Augustine, and ""'ty which citizenship will atTord them
surh other persons as m\y be appoint- abroad, it is Hirther ordained, that the
ed for the purpose, in any town or I ^^cietary. or Secretaries of the ceded
county of these provinces shall open a I Territories, grant such inhabitant* as
Eegister, and cause to be inscribed the ' "*^y be desirous of receiving the same,
NAME, age, and occupation o/fpn-^/rfcl Certificates of Citizenship; he or they
MALE inhacitant of such town or coun- ''^ing 6rst satisfied (hat the provisions
tv, who may be desirous to profit by j of this ordinance ^hall have been com-
thc provision of the sixth article ofthe'pl'ed with.

Treaty as aforesaid, in part recited:! Sec. C. The evidence upon which
Provided, The person or inhnhi(anl. the Secretaries, shall proceed to grant
who may thus desire to have his name' certificates of Citizenship shall be a
inscribed, shall firy^t satisfy iUc iMayor,'certifiratev)f the clerk, of the Mayor,
or such persons as may be appoiiilcdl or such other persons as imy he ap-
lo open registers, that ho was really an' pointefi to open registei-s, that the hp-
iiihabitant of liie ceded Tenitory, oii^piicant has complied with Ihtf reqilisi-
thc ITtii day of July, 1821. And pru-\t\om of (his ordinance; upon the re-
vided o/.s-o, that he will, of his oron frcAcv'ift of which, it shhlt be the dut}' of
■will and accord, abjure nil fi)reign alle-'the Secretaiy or SccivtwHc^, to grant
giance, and lake the oath of allegiance • to all and every snch awdicant or ap-
prescribcd by the laws of the United plicants, certificates of Citibii-nship, for
Slates. • !'■• '■ ■■■'. tr,'-" •-•i .'ni'iV i wliich the said ("jerk and Secretaries

. Sa:. 2. That Ihii said offirn, or ret- ; <hal! bo entitled to ONE DOLLAR
. iater, shall continue open; for and duvi ivACH; :ind for every ii:ime entered
, ing the .v;3,-(iT fjf"/t«r/i)r Miodrts. when the I on the register, the Mayor, or other
tajneshiill be cloaed.ftnd a '«opy thereof ! persons aulhorized to open such regis-

J,Et;i.SLAT01t.

273

fer, SHALL receive ONE DOLLAR!!!
, Pensacola,July 18, 1821.

AN URLW JACKSON,
Governor oj the. Floridas, iVc ^c.
By the Governor:

W. D. G. VV ORTHINGTON,
Secrelari/, S,T.for E. Florida.
St. Augustine, Aug. 20, 1821.

The treaty secured, absolutely and
unconditionally to the inhabitants of
the ceded' territory, the right of citi-
aenship of the United States. This
rigiit the treaty makes to depend upon
no act of the individual. It attaches,
to him, as an indefeasable and neces-
sary consequence of the cession. The
acceptance of the territory, by the U.
States, consecrated every inliabitant a
citizen of the Union, if he cho&c to re-
main within its limits. He could not
be called upon to make a declaration,
or pay a tine, as a preliminary to his
admission. This ordinance. No. 3, as-
sumes the power of abrogating" the
treaty, and of making the right of citi-
zcnsliip depend upon the performance
of arts and the payment of fees which
It requires. Us .third section assumes
(he prerogative, of disfranchising every
one wlio does not conform to its pro-
visions. And the sixth section requires
*hat a fee of one dollar he paid to the
Mayor for every name registered. It
is didicult to decide whether the vio-
lence or rapacity of this ordinance
nio.-t deserves reprehension. It de-
vised a system of outrage and plunder.
Outrage in assuming to controul the
provisions of the treaty, and to disfran-
chise all who neglected to conform

Plunder in exacting exorbitaut fees, for
the Mayor and other officers, from a
people, not informed of their rights,
and therefore, not likely to resist the
imposition. These fees are outrage-
ous. For tvcrj name, entered on the
register one dollar for the Mayor; and
for every i.ertilicate of , citizenship,
"ONE DOLLAR EACH" to the Sec-
retaries of the Territory and to the
clerk of the Mayor. That is, one dol-
lar to the Mayor, one dollar to his
clerk, and one dollar to the Secretary:
three dollars tor the liberty of becom-
ing a citizen!! And this right abso-
lutely seevred by t'tic trcaiy itself f.'! A

poll tax of three dollars, upon each in-
dividual, for the benefit of three of
Gen. Jackson's otHcers!!! Such is
Gen. Jackson's third act as a legisla-
tor and civil magistrate.

Although the country at large has
remained ignorant of these high hand-
ed, illegal, and violent measures of
Gen. Jackson, they ha'.e not failed to
excite in the constituted authorities, a
just sentiment of indignation and ab-
horrence. The following law of Con-
gress, passed May 7th, "l822, stamps
with indelible infamy, these reproach-
es upon the legislation of a free govern-
ment.

AN ACT to relieve the people of
Florida from the operation of cer-
tain ordinances.

Be it enacted hy the Senate and House
of Rcprcsenlaiives, ^-c. That an ordi-
nance. No. 3, made and passed, on the
18th July, 1821, by Maj. Gen. .^ndreto
Jackson, entitled &;c. ; and an ordi-
nance passed by the City Council of
St. Augustine, on the 17th of October,
1821, imposing and laying certain tax-
es on the inhabitants, and all other
laws and ordinances, and resolves, so
far as they eplorce or confirm the same,
be and the same are hereby repealed,
and declared null and void.

Sec. 2. That if any person shall at-
tempt to enforce any of said laws, or-
dinances or resolves, by demanding
and receiving any tax, imposition, or
assessment, authorized or prescribed
thereby, such person shall, on convic-
tion thereof, be punished by fine, not
exceeding two hundred dollars, or by
imprisonment not exceeding six months
either or both of said i)unishments.

Sec. 3. That the President of the
United States, shall, in such manner,
and under such regulations, as he may
direct and prescribe, cause to be re-
funded to any person, any sum of
nionry which he may have paid under,
or by viitue of eitlier of said laws, or
ordinances, or resolves."

There is one fact connected with
these ordinances, thus stigmatised and
reprobated, by the National Legisla-
ture, which it is proper to state, rot
ijecause it really forms any apology

3:i

JACKSON IN FLOKIBA

for Gen. Jackson, but because some of | partly judicial, partly ministerial. He
his adiierents ret,'aid it in that light, j acted as Notary Public, administered
H. M. BraGkenridj;e, Esfj.nowa judge i^oaths, and -preserved the i-ecords and
ill West Florida, and who went to that papers pertaining to judicial proceed-
country as private secretary to Gen. ings. Mr. Brackenridge acted in va-
Jackson, and acted a conspicuous sec-] rious characters under Gen. Jack

ondary part, in the set- nes where Gen
Jackson was principal, has made a
publication, assuming to himself and
to a Mr., Duncan, all responsibility for
the autiiorship of these ordinances. —
He informs us, that the first was pre-
pared jointly by himself and Mr.
Duncan, and that the third was Mr.
Duncan's sole production. 1 presume j

son and enjoyed his confidence
in a high degree. Soon after, Mr.
Brackeuridge entered upon the duties
of Alcade, an incident occurred, which
in its consequences, fully veritied the
exclamation of the poet.

' li'kal dreadful conUsL- rise from trivial Viin^t.'

An aftidavil detailing the transac-

ncither to enquire, nor to determine, tion was made by Mr. Brackenridge,
whether Messrs. Brackenridge and from which 1 compile this account: —
Duncan were iiistruments intlie hand,? About ten days after the delivery of
of Gen. Jackson, or whether Gen. the province, Mr. Brackenridge was
lackson was an instrument in their l applied to Ijv a frre. xcnmnn of colour,
hands. This is t!ic real point made by j natural dmishter of Nicolas Vidal, nam-
Mr. Brackenridge's publication, and in ed Merced Vidal. She slated thai

my view, it is unnecessary to decide it,
To tbc country, Gen. Jackson is the
only responsible person. The ordi-

her father had made a will devising his
estate to herself and sisters: That John
Innerarity, of the bouse of Forbes k.

nauccs are his. no matter who project- 1 Co. of Pensacola, was a debtor to her
ed, or who prepared them. It '^sheds > father, and had got possession of other
MO additional litntre" upon his name, propert}': That various judicial pro-
should it be conceded that he yielded i ceedings had taken place, and decrees
himself to the direction of Messrs Dun- 1 had been made in favour of the lega-
can and Brackenridge. Whatever I tees, and she produced a record ol
share of the reprobation they may i part ol" tlie proceedings. All the
choose to take, cannot diminish the ' papers connected with these proceed-
odium that rests upon Gen. Jackson, j ings. of right, ought to have remained
It was not only as Commissioner and I in tbe Alcnde's ollice, and upon en-
Legislator, that Gen. Jackson display- 1 ijuiry by iMr. Br.'icivCnridge, he ascer-
ed, ia Florida, his qualifications for I tained that the papers in question
civil office. He took upon himself to '■ were in possession of a man named
olliciate as high justiciary of the conn- 1 Soiisa, and that tbere was reason
try, and it was his judicial acts, that I lo believe, an intention I'xisfed to car-
made the most noise, and attracted tiie ly them out of the country, Ihough.
most attention. A brief exposition of under the second article of the treaty.

these proceedings is indispensibk; to a
correct compif hensioo of Gen. Jack'
son's qualifications for civil rule.

they ought to remain as evidence ot
priv.'itc right to property in the coun-
try. Sou^a held the papers in some

According to the provisions of the | way as otliccr or agent, for Ccd. Calla-
:ict of Congress, the Spanish laws were I va, who was the Spanish Governor oi
to remain in force and tlie power of I the province, at the time of its surren-
executing them, was vested in such jder to tbe United States. Mr. Brack-
person and persons, and to be ever- lenridge being at n los? what course to
cised in such manner as the President i [uirsue, mentioned the case to the
should direct. The President author- 1 Governor, who replied: ^Tkat if then
ized Gen. Jackson as Governor io'.tfere snfjirifnt proof to warrant it, an op-
make suliordinate appointments, uii- 'plication made to him in tcriting, skmihl
der which authority, he appointed H. 'is atlendrd to."

M. Brackenridge Alcade of the town of 1 According to thi> suggestion, Mr.
Pensacola. The office of Alcade was ' Brackenridge, as Alcade. on llie ei'<

tiOVER.NOR ANI> JUD«E.

375

of August, 1821, presented a written
statement to Gov. Juckson, witli (he
address, " His Ex'cy. Rlaj. Gen. An-
»RE\v Jachson," alleging the fact re-
specting certain documents, relating to
estates, in the place, being in the hands
ofSousa, and requesting that his "cx-
ulkncy authorize some one to make a ir^-
ular dcmnml 'if the said durnmtnts." In
exact compliance with this request,
Mr. U^■llton, Secretary of West Flori-
da,'H. M Brackenridge, Akadeof Pen-
sacola, and John Millei-, Clerk of the
County Court of Escumbia, were ap-
pointed, and directed (o make the de-
mand and report iniinodiately, if the
papers were not delivered. The de-
mand, was made, the papers not obtain-
ed, and the facts reported on the 22nd
of August. Upon the reading of this
report an order was Instantly issued
"•'to CoJ. Robert Butler of the army of
the United Slates, and Col. John Mil-
ler, Clerk of the county of Escumbia,"'
(o forthwith seize the body of Sousa,
with the papers, and bring him and
Hiem before the Governor. This or-
der was promptly executed: he was in-
terrogated, and acknowledged that the
papers were in his possession when the
demand was made; and "that after the
demand had been made, lie went to
Col. Callava and stated that he wish-
ed to free himself from the responsibil-
Vty of keeping them, and that he had
this morning, at 1 1 o'clock, had them
carried to Col. Callava's house, by a
negro, and there delivered to Fullarat
the Major domo of the Governor." —
Sousa further stated, that when he ex-
|)ressed his wish to free himself from re-
sponsibility, Callava said nothing, and
that he did not know whetiier tlie Gov-
ernor had received the papers or not.

The next procfuss was against Col.
Callava and his Major domo Fullarat.
An order was made that Col. Butler
and Dr. Bronaugh ;iccompani«'d by
Mr. Brackenridge, wait upon Callava
nnd Fullnrai arid d(;maiid the papers,
and that if they were not delivered the
said Callava and Fullarat, ''be forth-
with broii;rlu brj'ore ihf. Governor ol his
o^re," <Sc. And for the purpose of ex-
ecutin? this latter part o( the order
two others were issued, which as they

arc brief, are for their singular char
acter here inserted.

ORDER TO COL. DROOKE.

Pcnsacoln, Jlvg. 22, 1821.
"Sir: You will furnish an (dlicer,
Sergeant, corporal, and twenty men,
and direct the officer to call on me by
half past 8 o'clock, [night] for orders.
They will have their arms and accou-
trements complete, and twelve rounds
of ammunition.

ANDREW JACKSON,
Governor of the Floridas^^C,

ORDER TO LT. MOUNTZ.

Peiisacoln, Aug. 21, 1821.

Sir: Should Col. Callava and his
steward, refuse to deliver the docu-
ments which will be required of them
by Col. Butler an<l Bronaugh, and on
the report of Col. Butler to you, of
their refusal, you will immediately
take the said Col. Callava and his
steward, Fullarat, into custody, and
bring them before rae, to answer such
interrogatories, as are required by the
circumstances attending the case.

Very respectfully your ob't. se'vt.
ANDREW JACKSON.

Lt. Mountz, Officer of Ihc Guard.''

Messrs. Butler and Bronaugh pro-
ceeded in the execution of their office,
with alacrity, and oh the same 22d of
August, reported at length. The doc-
uments were demanded and refused r
but linally a promise was made to de-
liver them, upon producing a copy of
the memorandum. This was furnish-
ed by Mi-. Brackenridge, and notice
given that in two hours he would call
for the documents. At the appoint-
ed time, Messrs Butler nnd Bronaugh
jnoceeded to Col. Callava's. It w-as
riow night, and admittance was rc-
(iised, though three times demanded.
Tiie guard were then ordered to ad-
vance; but the back door was found
open, several Spanish officers, with

Mr. Innerarity, were in <the porch

Lights, v.'ere procured, the house
searched, and Gol. Callava found in
bed, divested of his coat. The pa-
pei-s were again demanded, again re-
fused, and Col. Callava and Mr. Ful-^
Jaial, were ic.rtbwitU t-oken before-

3.71

JACKSON IN FI.OHIDA.

Governor Jackson. The report adds: |
"That Col. Callava repeatedly assert- 1
ed he would not be taken out of his ;
house alive. But he seemed to net ;
with much difticult y when the guard ;
were ordered to prime and load.'' It :
concludes with a word of advice,
which upon account of its singularity ;
IB inserted. I

"From the relation in which Mr. In- 1
nerarity stands in this husiness, togeth-;
orwitli tfie interest taken on the side;
of Col. Callava, and at the same time
exercising (he functions of one of the
cabildo of the city, we deem it an m-
riisprnsihle dun/ In rfirommnui thnl your
excellency loill fill his place -in the conn- 1
cil 2iuih a character who jail mnaifcst a
propitr respect /or //ip DIGNITY or the
LAWS, and YOU their executi-ce." j

Although it was late at night, when I
this report was made, accompanied
witii the bodies of Col. Calhiva and \
Mr. Fullarat, Gov. Jackson proceeded'
to the hearing of tiu; cause. Callava. ,
being put upon interrogatoric:, re- i
fused to answer in the manner insisted i
by Gov. Jackson. Fullarat answered
that he had receivedthe papers in ques-
tion, and that they were then in the
house of Col. Callava, for whom he '
was major donto. Whereupon, (jOv. ;
Jackson made the following order: I

"To Capt. Dade, Officer of the day:

"You will take into your custod> , '
and safely keep Don Joje Callava. <!ii
his steward, Fullarat, until the docu-
ments and papers recited in the order
for the arrest of Domingo Sousa are
produced, and delivered unto H. M.
Brackenridge, Alcalde of the city of
Tensacola. i

Given under my hand, this 22d day ■
•f August, 18'21. " I

ANDUEW lACKSON, |
Governor of the Florida/:.''' ^

This order was issued at midnight,
itiid under i( Col. Callava and Mr.
Fullarat were committed to prison,
where they remained until the after '
part of the next dr.y. hi the mean
time, upon the application of Mr. ;
Brackenridi^e Governor Jnckson issued

an order to open and search the boxes
of papers in Col. Callava's house, and
take from them the documents in (|ues-
tion. This was done, the documents
obtained, and Callava, Fullarat, and
Sousa discharged.

The citvzens of the United States,
acquainted with the cautious mode of
administering justice in -our own
courts, and accustomed to consider the
sanctity' of the dwellini; house and the
person, as the very essence of liberty,
cannot fail to be suipriscd at the ar-
bitrary and violent proceedings here
detailed. The complainant was an il-
legitimate mulhito; upon her statement
made on oath, Mr. Brackenridge foimd-
ed his application against Sousa, whose
arrest and imprisonment immediately
followed. Contrary to the estaiilislied
rules of American jurisprudence. Sou-
sa was made to give evidence against
himself, and Mpon his evidence, thus
extorted, proceedings were coninicm -
ed against Col. Callava. When the
order concerning Callava wa- nwde,
it was bv no means certain that tlie
papers were ui his possession, or under
his controiil. Yet he was directed to
give them up. and in case he did not do
so, he was to be arrested and brought
before the Governor. The comity of
nations, as well as the politeness that
should prevail amongst gentlemen, cer-
tainly required that a civil request
should have been preferred to Col.
Callava, for the delivery of those pa-
pers, before measures of intimidation
and coercion were resorted to. The
course pursued was calculated to of-
fend all the feelingsof a just pride, and
to arouse the resentments of an in-'
dependent man. At ten o'clock at
night Col. Callava is brought before
Gen. Jackson, and he is called upon to
furnish evidence against himself, by
answering interrogatories: and for re-
fusing to do so, is adjudged to impris-
onment. Sousa had answered, and
showed that the documents were not
in his possession. Fullarat had also
answered, and dedareil that the dotu-
ments were in (he possession of Col.
Callava. His station v as that of ser-
vant, acting in conformity with the or-
ders of his master. He had received
the documents from Sousa. but wotiM

GOV£AN9R AND JUDGE.

317

not afterwards controul them. He i and it leaves a strong suspicion on the
was, in fact, free from all blame, mucii mind,tlKit in tlu- whole l)usincss, Gen.

less criminaltty. Yet he too was im-
prisoned. It is strange to witness how
very soon Gen. Jackson could accom-
modate himself to the exerciie of all
the most odious powers of Spanish des-
potism.

The facts already developed, pre-
sent some other matter for seiious con-
sideration, [n his late publication,
Mr. Brackeuridge tells us, that when
Gen. Jackson came to consider this
nature of his powers, he was in some
difiiculty about exercising them, and
consequently confided the subject in a
good degree, to Mr. Brackcnridge, &.
Mr. Duncan. As Gen. Jackson did
not profess to he mucii of a statesman
or lawyer, and as Mr. Duncan was a
civilian, and Mr. Brackenridgc a law-
yer, that was, doubtless, a prudent
course. It seems singular, however,
that so soon after this, Mr. Bracken-
ridgc should go to Gen. Jackson for ad-
vice, with respect to the order of pro-
ceeding, in a matter purely legal. —
We have his word, nay, his affidavit,
that he did so. The answer he re-
ceived, was, if there be sufficient proof
make application in writing, and it
shall be attended to, — so says Mr.
Brackenridgc himself. This applica-
tion is made, and Mr. Brackenridgc
seems no longer "n/ a loss -ahat course
U) purstie-^^ on the contrary, he points
out a course in his application, and
it is pursued. Mr, Brackenridgc, who
afterwards appeared as attorney for
Miss Vidal, is named as one of the per-
sons to act, and in all the subsequent
proceedings, is intimately associated
with the actors in them.

Col. Butler and Dr. Bronangh,
whose functions were those of mere
aiinisterial agents, and who should
have preserved as much «s possible a
strict neutrality of sentiment in the
contest, take great otTence that Mr. In-
nerarily, who was interec-ted in the
matter, should be found at Col. Cal-
lava's house, and take upon themselves
to counsel Gen. Jackson what he
ought 10 do, by way of punishing In-
nerarity. They would have him re-
moved from the office of cabildo. This
Jilvico was at any rate out of place, —

lackson acted upon the counsel of
those around him. The relation of
Mr. Brackenridgc to the cause, he her
ing attorney for Miss Vidal, was some-
thing like that of Mr. Innerarity, who
was defendant. Why it was proper to
conlide the whole management to Mr.
Bnickcnridge, whilst it was criminal
in Mr. Inneiarity to take any part, it
is somewhat difficult for a man wholly
indifferent to decide. If we suppose
that Gov. Jackson and all around him
were excited against (he Spanish of-
ficers, the ditBculty is removed.

Other facts, and other views of this
affair, all highly important, remain to
be presented and considered. Col.
Callava had been Governor of the
Floridas and Commissioner to deliver
possession to the United States; and,
though he remained in the country, he
considered himself a Spanish officer.
When first applied to, about the pa-
pers, he objected that he was not ad-
dressed in his public character, and
there is reason to believe, that had he
been so addressed, the papers would
have been given up without (rouble.
Gov. Jackson's order vrasperemptor)',
that Don Jose Callava, deliver up the
papers, or be brought before him a
prisoner. When thus brought before
Gov. Jackson sitting as Judge, Col.
Callava, objected to Gov. Jackson's
jurisdiction over him. He asked leave
to write, and began to write a protest
against the jurisdiction. But Gover-
nor Jackson ^'declared, tluil he would
hear no proteet against his aulhorily,
uhihl sluing in his judicial capacily.'''' —
Whether Col. Callava was sui)ject to
the judicial jurisdiction of Governor
Jackson sitting as Judge, was proper-
ly a judicial question, upon which,
Col. Callava had a right to be liearc^,
and which the judge was bound to
hear before he decided it. It is every
day's practice for courts of justice to
listen patiently to exceptions against
their jurisdiction. By refusing to hear
this plea. Gov. Jackson virtually con-
demned a man without henring him,
v/hich is a violation of all the just
principles of jurisprudence, and the

cry highest consummation of tyrann^'.

T t

118

JACKSON <N FIX»U1DX.

Nor was tl^s all. Gov. Jackson's
manner upon this occasion, wa« equal-
ly derogatory to himself, and to the
High functions he was discharging. It
is thus related by his friend and advo-
cate, Mr. Brackenridge :

•' "After writing five or six lines, it
was observed by H.Bigelow, Esq, who
happened to be standing near the Gov-
ernor, that he was dictating a protest.
The Governor on hearitig ihis. wilk consul-
er'ahU loarmlh, stbiking on the table,
and Cidilrcssing himself to me, said: 'why

DO you not tell IKM, sir, that I V. ILL
not PERMIT HIM TO PROTEST."

This conduct was most unseemly. —
Here was a foreign subject, unac-
quainted with the language of his
judge, and a stranger to those who had
him in custody, arrested in the night,
brought immediately to frial, cafled
upon to accuse himself, by answering
interrogatories; denied tlie privilege
of protesting; and tl'e judge exhibit-
ing, both in manner and in language,
all the intemperance of heat and pas- ;
sion. Is this a scene for an American
court of justice?

There can be little doubt that 3Ir.
Brackenridge viewed the conduct of
Gov. Jackson in the most favorable
light, and put the best construction
upon it, that truth would admit, as
truth appeared to him. Tbat conduct ;
is repreliensible enough in the account
given by Mr. Brackenridge: the ac- 1
count of Col. Cailava and of his I
friends, makes it much more so. Some !
extracts are here given from their
statements:

"Don Andrew Jackson proceeded
toupcakfora considerable time, look-
ing at the people, but speaking furi-
ovsly: and in the countenances of. the
bystanders, I perceived fear and sur-
prise, caused by what he said."'

"I had hardly l)egan, to write, agree-
ably to permission, when Don Andrew
Jackson took the paper [snatched he
says, subsequently] from before me, <fc
with nuich Tioknii and fiirions gcsturvs,
=pokc tor jome time."'

Col. Callava, after relating the pro-

ceedings whicli termi/iated in the ox^t
for his imprisonment, proceeds; ,, ,.

"I begged the interpreter to ask him
I if he did not shudder with horror at in-
, suiting me, and pronounced a solemn
j protest at bis proceedings. The in-
iterpreter informed him; and he re-
; plied, that he had no account to give
; but to his government: OCrAND HE
!TOLD ME I MIGHT PROTEST
I BEFORE GOD HIMSELF 1 ! !"
j The declaration "of many respecta-
I ble witnesses," signed by Marcos dc
\iilicrsand thirteen others, the most
I of whom were afterwards proscribed
and banished, corroborates the state-
ment of Callava.

'•TheGovernor, Don Andrew Jack-
son, with turbulent and violent actions,
with disjointed reasonings, blows on
the table, his mouth foamins, aiid pos-
sessed with the furies, told tho com-
missary to deliver the papers as a pri-
vate individual. * * *

"The Governor, Don Andrew Jack-
son, furious, did not permit the inter-
preter to translate what the commis-
sary answered; that tiie bystanders, as
it appears might not understand it.

Lastly, the Governor,* Don Andrew
Jackson, after having ym-wZ/ed the Span-
ish commissary with otrorious words,
took out an order, already written:
it contained the order for hi' imprison-
ment.

The Spanish commissary said he
obeyed, but protested solemnly against
the violations of justice.

The Govcrnoi-, Don Andrew Jack-
son, answered, that it was of little im-
portance to liim; that he miglit even
protest before GOD himself. !""

If these witnesses were prejudiced
against Gov. Jackson* it must he ad-
j mitted there were many reasons to
; warp the minds of his own supporters
■ in his favour. If the truth, lies partly
•between them, the scene wiis most dis-
' graceful.

I During these three days, Atu;u>t 2\,
22, and 23, the case of Miss I'ldol had
produced no slight degree of excite-
I mcnt and agitation, amongst the digni-
itaries at Fensacola. Tiie proceed-
ings were exlraordii);iry in ilK-mselvcs.-
In doing right to fhi> f.b<cure com"

CASE &P THE SPAKISU OFFCER8.

319

plainant, great wrong hAd been done
to llie personal rights of individuals,
and to the integrity of R foreign a;o^'-
ernment, and aCrts of oppression and
outrage had been perpetrated very in-
consistent with the due administration
of justice, and discreditable to the
character of the Union. The conse-
quences of these e^'ils did not ccaso
\Yith the' evils themselves; other out-
rages grew out of them, of equal enor-
mity, ah d equally violative of public
law, and individual right.

Very soon after he was discharged [
from imprisonment. Col. Callava set \
out for Washington: but part of the
Spanish officers remained. The pro- j
ceedings against their chief could not
fail to be a subject of conversation,
and in the spirit of freemen, in a free
country, (hey expressed their opinions
of that atiair, and made a publication
respecting it. That publication. Gov.
Jackson considered '• a violation of
THE DECENOV due to him as the supreme
judicial tribunal of the coxmtry and to his
interpreters^'' and he could not for a mo-
ment ^' suffer the dignity and majesty of
the laicsto be thui outraged in his person
and in his interpreters, icith impunity.''' —
He determind to make an example of
these offenders against " dece.vcy,"
towards his own person; and for that
purpose, proceeded to punish at once,
without notice or hearing. The ac-
•Misation, conviction and sentence, fol-
low in a document, under the Gener-
al's own hand:

"Whereas, by the seventh article
of the treaty concluded between the
United States and Spain, on the Q3d of
February, 1819, and duly ratified, it
was stipulated, that the " officers and
troops of His Catholic i\Iaje>tv. in the
territories hereby ceded to the United
States, shall be icilhdraicn, and posses-
sion of the places occupied by them
shall be given within six months
after the ratification of the treaty, or
sooner if possible." And whereas, it has
this day been made known to me, that
the following ot^cers of His Catholic
"Vfajesty, to wil: Marcos dc Villicrs,
Bernado Pricto, Louis Gayarre, Civilio
Ijcssassier, Arnaldo Guillimard, Carlos
do Villiers, Pedro de Vegas, and Ma-

riane Latady, and who, according to
the said seventh article, ought to have
withdrawn fioni the said ceded terri-
tory, with the troops of His Catholic
Majesty, without the permission of the,
existing autiiorities, have, contrary to
the said seventh article, remained in this
city and its vicinity : and whereas, it has
been made known to me, that the said
officers acti:ig in a distinct body, inde-
pendent oi, and disowning even a tem-
porary allegiance to the government of
the United States, as existing in tile,
Floridas, have been engaged in stirring
up disaffection thereto, and in sowing
discontent in the minds of the good
people of this said province; and
whereas, it appears that they are the
authors of the following false, scanda-
lous, and indecent publication :

" In speaking of Col. Callava's ap-
pearance before Gen. Jackson, H. B.
ought to have stated, that none of the
interrogatories and highly offensive ac-
cusations of the General were faith-
fully interpreted to Colonel Cal-
lava, any more than the replies of the
latter to the former. It was therefore
out of the power of our chief, not
knowing what was said to him, to make
the auditory und-!rstand how innocent
h» was of tile foul charges with which
his unsullied honor was endeavoured
to be stained. Such, in sum, are the
observations we had to make on the
statement of H. B. and we hope, that
he and the public will be convinced,
that we acted upon no principle of
pusillanimity; that if, on the one hand,
zee shuddered at tlu: violent proceedings ex-
ercised against our Superior, we knew
also, what wns due to a govern-
ment which was on the most friendiv
footing with our own,
" We are, &c.

" The Spanish officers in thisplacf."

And whereas, the said publication is
calculated to excite resistance to the
existing government of the Floridas,
and to disturb ^he harmony, peace, and
good order of the same, as well as to.
weaken the allegiance enjoined by my
proclamation, hcretotore published,
and entirely incompatible with any
privileges which coiild have been ex-
tended to the said officers, even if per-

380

JACKSON I'S FLORIDA.

mission had been expressly given to
remain in the said province, and, un-
der existing circumstance?, a gross a-
buse of the lenity and indulgence
heretofore extended to them:

This is thciefore to make known to
the said ofliccrs, to wiilidiaw them-
selves, as they ought heretofore to
have done, from the Floridas, agree-
ably to the said seventh article, on or
before the third day of October next;
after which day, if they, or any of
them shall be found within the Flori-
das, all ofhcers, civil and military, are
hereby required tu arrest and secure
them, so that they may be brought before
me, to be dealt with according to law, for
contempt of this my proclamation,''''

The provisions of the seventh arti-
cle of the treaty referred to, in this
Republican Letter de Catchet extend no
further, than to provide, that the offi-
cers should be withdrawn from the
discharge of their official functions
within the territory of the Flondas.
Their individual right to remain in it,
was not, in the slightest degree affect-
ed by the treaty. It remained as per-
fect as that of any other Spanish officer
visiting the United States or their terri-
tories, and Gov. Jackson had no other
legal power over the Spanish officers,
than he had over other strangers in
the Fioridas. The .itlompl to predi-
cate his proclamation upon the treaty,
was as preposterous as the proclama-
tion itself was illegal and unjust.

We have heard much of the arbi-
trary and oppressive acts of despots,
in punishing men for expressing opin-
ions unfavourable to their oppressoi-s.
I doubt whether a case can be found,
of a more arbitrary punishment tor so
slight an offiince, than this case ex-
hibits. The Spanish officers asserted,
that the interrogatories to Col. Cal-
lava, and his replies had not been
faithfully interpreted: that consequent-
ly, he could not make it undtTslood
how innocent be was of {]\efmil charges
urged against him. This character of
the charges against Colonel Calla-
va Governor Jackson took to himself,
and tiic assertion thai what passed was
not corroctiv interpreted, he considei-s
an impeachment of the candour of Mr.

'Brapkenridge, and he decrees banish-
menl as ttie punishment of tlie oHen-
dcrs ! ! The idea, that the Congress of
the United States can confer upon an
I officer of its orwii crearion, no matter
where his functions are to be exer-
cised, a power to banish mdi>iduals,
jfor an alleged indecency of language
j towards himself, is utt..Mlv inadmi?sible.
: Gov. Jackson derived his authoritv from
'. Congress. A more tndecext concep-
tion, could not enter into the mind of
any man, than that Congress intended
to confer such power. None but meii
whose minds were temporarily derang-
^ed, by the exercise of a brief despotic
! authority, could suppose them compe-
[tent to do it. Here is an instructive
illustration of Gen. Jackson's regard
Ifbr the liberty of speech and of the
press, and a warning example of his
I manner of obtaining power, by con-
'strucfion to punisli the alleged abuse
of them, where he is himself made
I the subject of censure.
! The taste of despotic power, is to
most men, like the taste of blood to the
jlion: it sets him ravenous for more. —
The rabies generally extend* all a-
i round him. Subsequent events, in
jthis case, illustrate the truth of the
maxim. General Jackson left Florida
early in October, when the duties of
• Governor devolved on George Wal-
iTo\, the Secretary, who h;;d taken
I part in the proceedings against Colonel
jCallava and others. About the first
I of J.-inuary, two of the banished offi-
icers returned to I'ensacola, when dep-
uty governor Widton, took upon him-
I self to inflict the punishment threat-
ened by principal governor. Jackson's
I proclamation of September C9th pre-
i ceding, for contoinpt and disobedi-
'ence of that proclamation. The
i following military I^ttre de Oitchft
i was issued i>y him. in exact imitation
of his Superior:

' "To Capt. AVilson, the officer of the day.
! '• You are hereby commanded, ibrlh-

with to apprehend and bring b< lore
; me, at the executive chambers, Marcos

de Villicrs and Arnaldo GuiUemard,
itbat they may bede;dt with according

to law. for the contempt and disobe-
'ditnccofa certain proclamation is-

CASE OF THE srAXrSH OFFICERS.

38 1

sutd by his Excellency General An- ,
drew Jackson, on the 29th day of Sep- {
tember, 1821, requiring the said Miir-
cos de Villiers, and Arnaldo Guille-
iDfird to withdraw themselves from the
Kloridas.

"Given under my hand, &c. this, 2d
day of January, 1822, &c.
/- ' GEO. WALTON,

Secrcinri/ and acting Governor nf IV. F.

By the acting Governor,

"Samuel Fk^^ Private Secretary.^-

It will give the reader some just no-
tion of the influence exercised by Gen.

The arrest of these'^en wis the
greatest outrage that had yet been
committed. They had departed it\.
obedience to the illegal proclamation,
leav'ng their families and pi'operty
behind them. They came back di-
vested of their commissions in the
character of private citizens. Tiie
wife of one was extremely ill. They
were arrested for disobedience to the
proclamation, having violated no oti)er
law by which they could be judged.
The poor cringing wretch of a Gov-
ernor deputy, who had (he boldness to
do an illegal act, to gratifj' the ven-

J, over his subordinates, and of the geance of Gen. Jackson, had not the
fear he infused into them, to read Mr. | i^ourage to indulge in an act of clem

Walton's account of his proceedings
towards these otUcers, as given to liis
superior:

("Extract) From Col. Walton to Gov.

Jacksoiit dated.
.^. -,. . .. ,-vi • Pknsacola, Jan. 7.

''A few days ago, two of the Spanish
officers, Col. Marcos de Villers, gen-
f rally called Col. Coulton, k. Arnaldo
Guillemard, arrived here in a vessel
from Havanna. * * * When ar-
rested, by my order, and brought be-
fore mc, they declared they had come
with the intention of asking permission
to attend, in person, to the settlement
of their private affairs, and the "re-
moval of their families. They solemn-
ly declared, that they had not return-
ed in defiance of the proclamation,
which they had promptly obeyed, and
that tiiey were ready to submit them-
selves to ;iny order which should be
taken in their case. For the present,
I ordered them into confinement; but
the Calabouse being in no condition to
receive them, for, excepting the offi-
cers' room, it has no fire place, and as
Coulton is a very old man, and his wife
at this time extremely til, I thought it
best to confine them in their own
bouses. The situation of old Coulton
was sucl), that it would have been cru-
el to confine him in (he dungeon with
the common malt factors, and 1 could not,
•with propriety, make a distinction
with respect to Guillemard. They
'.hen presented the enclosed memorial
ihrowing themselves on the mercy of
the Governor."

ency, for fear of offending his chief.
A strain of miserable whining runs
thro' the whole of the foregoing ex-
tract, and he finally shelters himself
from blame under the sanction of ad*
vice from others:

"This course was not adopted by
me, until after consultation with Cols.
Fenwick, Clinch, Major Dinkins, and
Judge Brackenridge, who all concur-
rod in the opinion that this whs, un-
der all circumstances, the most prop-
er."

Congress being in session, when this
latter arrest took place, a representa-
tion was made to the House of Repre-
sentatives, by a petition from the offi-
cers themselves. This petition was
referred to the committee of Naval
Affairs, and on the 23rd of February,
1822, tlic chairman moved that the
committee be discharged, and the peti-
tion referred to the President. A mo-
tion was made to lay the resolution on
the table, on which a debate arose,
that continued for several days, and
in which a strong sentiment of disap-
probation was manifested towards the
conduct of Gen. Jackson, by many,
who are now ready to make him Pres-
ident.

"Mr. Floyd could not conceive any
powers which the Captain General of
Cuba could have to violate the liber-
ties of those who should fall within his
jurisdiction. Here were men linger-
ing in confinement — and we wer.? not

383

JACKSON or FLORIDA.

now he said, deliberating at the point] The most serious consequences might
of the bayonet, but in peace and safe- be expected to result, if, after charges
tj, deciding whether or not to lay the of this sort, were niiidc sgainst hn in-
petition on the table. The man who dividual, the House shoolc^ avoid
could have the temerity, in tiiis house,; meeting the (piestion, should put tlifnn
to lie by supinely on s-uch a subject, to sleep by permanetitly la^itig them
may well tremble should he happen to on the table." ''' ''"* •>^'' (•

be within the power of another govern- "Mr. AncnER <a\i ' th'at'H^' helleved
inont. He was opposed to any delay from public report, ;iiid from' the doc-

und thought it a subject that required
the immediate ir>terference of the
House."

uments which had l)ccn presented to
this body, that there had been miscon-
duct and malversatiort, eitlier on the

"Mr. Randolph thought this House! part of the Executive, or of some oth-
could not, w%hout gross violation of its I er officer of the Government, in regard
duty, turn a deaf ear to the man, who ' to the transactions in Florida ; and he
says he is in bonds against law, and un- . told gentlemen of this house, who
der our authority. It was not for us j were the friend? of the executive and
to sit here with stoic apathy, under cir- of Gen. Jackson, that if the inquiry
cunistances like the present. It wasj were shrunk from, an inference would
worse thau mockery to turn over the be drawn by others, that they wished
subject to the President of the United to suppress all inquirj' on the subject.
States, who is known, if not to approve, i He told this to them, not as an ad\'er-
yet not to disapprove of the conduct of, sary, but as a friend. Some gentle-
the Captain General of P''lorida. The | men had said, that the executive had
Congress, sat here as the guardians of j declared itself satislied with the con-
law and liberty. Were we asked duct of Gen. Jackson. If that was a
whether we could not yield our confi- ; good reason why no inquiry should be
dence to the executive! He answer- 1 made, let the House say so. He was
ed, no, — for that person was surround- 1 not of that opinion liimsell", and he en-
ed by a multitude of counsellors, inhered his most solemn protest against
whom there was no safety, for like it."

Ishmaelites, the hand of each was rais-
ed against his brother."'

"Mr. Stephenson, (now Speaker,)
was in favour of laying the nwtion on
the table, for the reasons that had been

"Mr. Floyd made a few general
remarks. Gentlemen had told l<)c
House, that the Executive approved
the conduct of Gen. Jackson. It might
be so, but Mr. F. enquired of gcutle-

assignedby the gentleman from I'enn- ^ men, upon what authoiily they made
sylvania, and should vote in favor of the assertion." * * "When we are
the motion on that ground: But he \ toUl thid perfect li/mtoii/ can be eslublith-

protested against voting for it, fonthe
purpose of putting it at rest. He
hoped it would hereafter be taken up
and fully discussed; and he asked,
whether any one, after looking at the
volume of documeriL=;, would say that

rd in one of the territories, and that
the executive approvc-s of it. it is a fil
subject for inquirj."

^' No inquiry k>bk place. The' reso-
lution was laid upon ttic talkie, and the
the subject ought to receive the go- j go-by was given to investigation. Nw
by." man raised his voire in vindication ol

"Mr. Bi'CHanan wasof opinion, that, | Gen. Jackson's conduct. But it Wa,-
aflcr what had passed, a full invcstiga- j ascertained that the President had is-
iion ous;ht to be bad on this subject. | sued orders for the discharge ol the
A charge had beew preferred against i officers, and a majorily wished to gel
a public officer, of high character, not ! rid of a matter which they could noi
■ oidy of an intention to violate the laws, ' ai)prove, and did not wish to < ondemn.

of f lie country, but of haVing actually
violated them; and, said Mr. B., wc,
t^ie Reprtsentitivcs 6f the people arc
bound fu investigate this charge. —

Mr. Floyd, Mr. Randolph, Mr. Steph-
enson. Mr. Bu( hanan, and Mr. Archer,
are all now willing to appiovc the con-
dnrf of ("Jen. Ja<-k<;oi). and m;><<e birr.

^UDGE FRO.UEXTIN.

383

President. Such are the effects pro-
duced by political arrangejjnent and
combination.

There remains yet;to be examined,
an important branch of thks transac-
tion, growing out of Mifs Vidal's ac-
quaintance with Alcade Brackenridge,
and his efforts to obtain justice for her,
which serve more fully to explain Gen.
Jackson's qualifications for the ollice
of civil magistrate. This 1 now pro-
ceed to investigate.

We have seen that the 22ijd day of
August, 1821, was devoted to proceed-
ings against the Spaniards, Col. Calla-
va, Mr. Fullarat, and Mr. Sousa. —
These proceedings had a double ob-
ject. One to obtain the papers for
Aliss Vidal, the other to make the
Spaniards sensible that they no longer
administered the law at Pensacola,
but were subject to its administration
by others. This latter object was ful-
ly obtained, by lodging them all in
prison, at midnight. The 23d day of
August was devoted to other employ-
ments, arising out of the same transac-
tion. Process was issued and persons
sent to open Col. Callava's trunks, &
obtain the papers; and while this was
in progress, new matter was originated
for the exercise of Gov. Jackson's ju-
dicial functions, and upon which tliey
were promptly exercised.

On the 18th of May, 1821, the Pres-
ident commissioned E. Fromentin,
judge of the United States for West
Florida. His powers as defined in his
commission, were, "to execute and fulfil
the duties of thai office, according to the
constitution and lazvi of the United
Stales.''' The commission diiccts him
to reside at Pensacola, where he was
resident, when Col. Callava was com-
mitted to prison, on the night of Uie
22nd of August. Upon the 23d, at the
request of some of Col. Callava's
friends, tiie judge issued a writ of
habeas corpus, directed to Lieutenant
Mountz, commanding him to bring the
body of Calia\a before him. To this
writ the officer returned, that it had
been referred to Gov. A. Jackson, by
whose order Callava was confined, anil
wlio directed that he should still be
detained. By this measure the judge
was not only set at defiance, but he

was absolutely without the means of
enforcing any order, so that his situa-
}ion was completely ridiculous. This,
however, was not the worst conse-
quence to him.

On the same 23rd of August Gov.
Jackson issued a citation to E. Fro-
mentin to appear forthwitii before him,
to siiow cause why he had attempted
to interfere with his authority, in the
matter of imprisoning Callava. The
judge seems to have taken the ague
upon the sight ofthis citation. He
alleged indisposition as an apology
for not attending, and cited the 13th
and 14th sections of the United States
judiciary act of 1789, as the foundation
upon which he issued the writ. This
explanation w-as not accepted; but
Fromentin was compelled to appear
before Jackson on the 24th, and sub-
scribe a written acknowledgement,
that he had granted the writ of habeas
corpus without affidavit, and upon the
request of certain individuals named.
Whereupon, he was discharged. I«
writing an account of these transac-
tions to the Secretary of State, on the
26th of August, Gen. Jackson thus
speaks of the proceedings against Fro-
mentin:

"The LECTURE I gave the judge when
he came before me, will, [ trust, for
the future, cause him to obey the spir-
it of his commission and in the execu-
tion of the laws and administration of
the Government, instead of attempting
to oppose me nnder Sjianish itiflucncc.^''

f noted this sentence, because of its
evidence of two things discreditable
to Gen. Jackson. Nothing but a vul-
gar spirit of insolence, could have led
tlie General to lecture judge Fromen-
tin; and nothing but an equally vulgar
spirit of boasting could hare tempted
him to vaunt of it, in his letter to the
S£cretary of State. These, however,
are less exceptionable than the direct:
attack upon the judge's integrity, in
charging him with actinsr '■'■under Span-
ish injhience." It is seldom that an
honorable and upright mind attributes
ba^c motives to others, upo!i slight sus-
picions. This sort of jealousy, is the
usual accompaniment of a narrow un-

364

JACRSON IN Ft.OitiDA .

derstanding; to embody it in directt juri«d»€rion and poweiv-, Whilst vqu
accusation, is an act of reckless malig- do tUis, all your proccediiijsb will be

njty

Aftej- Judge Fromentin's discharge,

supported, and all my aid ki^o" tbai
nwy be necessary to carry.ihein into.

a rumor was circulated, that he had 'etiect; but nhon vou attempt to tr.tns-
apologised toXjcii. Jack«on for issuing !cend them, ami interfere with my ie-
tlie writ of habeas corpus. A fre«h gitimate powers, recollect the admoni-
fit of courage came upon tlie judge, jtion I gave you when before me on the
and he ventured again to stir up the | 24th ultimo, and attend to it, or you
General's wrath. will be treated and puuiskeJ as you

On the 3d of September, he address- ]de«erve, regardless of your boasts of
cd a note to Gen. Jackson, noticing blood flowing. &c.&c. which pass by
the circTilation of this rumor, and es-;me as the lleeting breeze.
pressing a hope, that liis excellency
would fiot hesitate in enabhng him ef-

Ilerc, sir, on this subject, our com-
munication closes, as 1 am too much

fectually to contradict it. Here the engaged to read yours.

judge was disappointed. His excel-
lency insisted that an apology had
been made, and expressed his astonish-
ment at the judge's application for a
contradiction. The judge retorted
astonishment, and repelled tlie allega

"lam, sir, yours, i,.c. IV..I- ,,.

.TV ;. ■,.., "A. JACKSai5^.^
^^ToEligiits FronicrUvi, £*</."

The language of this letter violates
all the civilities and aecgncies that

tion that ho had made an apology, but gentleman and public functionaries
was careful fo use the most respectful usually observe towai-ds each other. —
language. Nevertheless the Lion was It is equally coarse and insolent, vul-
again roused in his lair; and Governor gar and abusive: — indeed, it is a very
Jackson acting as ju<lge, when occa- exact specimen of that now generally
sion required, addressed judge Fro- ; employed, by those who advocate the
mentin in the following terms: . General's pretensions to the Prcsiden-

^'Pensacola,Sept.22, 1822.

cy. It is inconceivable, how any man,
at all acquainted w itU the comities of

"Sir: I have this moment received good society, could indulge in such a
your second note of this day. The j gross departure from the observance ol
first created mv astonishment it is true, { them. Had Jud<;e Fromcntin depart-
but the second mv indignation and.ed Irom tnc obligations of veracity to
contempt; for I did not suppose, until j tlie full extent alleged by Gen Jackson,
your note now before me furnished j self rcSpest. aiid cespect for hU own of
conclusive evidence, that vou were ca-lfici:d -talion, as well as that of the
pable of statin;; a wilful and deliberate i Judge, required that he should have
lalsehood. Th-il you have done so in I been renVmded of it, in terms wliich a
your note of this evening I do assert,; gentlemen might use, and a gentlcnian
and the enclosed certificates of Dr. J. might hear w ithout degradation. The
C. Bronaugh (who was directed by me ! language used, is in the ribald style ol
' :ular attention to our con- 1 the wharf and the oyster cellar. It

partakes of the same contempt of de-

ro pay particular

vcrsation) and Mr. Rutledac, fully

prove. That you have the hardihood ; cency. that characterised the charge

to dcnv, that when vou called at my 'of acting "wnt/cr Spnnish influaire;' m

a i,'rave letter to the Secretary ol State,
! on the 2Gth of August, when, accord-

house, that 1 did not send for my book

to theolhce,coiitaiiiingthe record ofmy

commissions and instruction^, and that i ing to Gen. Jackson's own view of the

i did not read the whole of them to } case, judge Fromentin had expiated his

vou, slicws that you are regardless of I alleged oflcncc. l>y a subni!.^>ive n-

truth, andin this I do pronounce that|pology.

vou have slated another deliberate
falsehood

The insults and ouiiagoui tui^ ha-
Icr, were aggravated by the fact, that

"I have barely to add. thai I reconi-jit was alike impossible for FrOmentin
cncnd to you to keep within \ our legal • to resettor avenge them. Gen. Jack-

JUDGE FROM£NXIN.

M5

son was Captain General, commanding
army, navy, and posse commitatus. —
Though uot the fountain of all law, he
placed himself above all responsibili-
ty. Fromentin did not venture again
to address him, but gave vent to his
feelings in letters to the Secretary of
State. This fact came to the knowl-
edge of Gen. Jackson, and cn\ the 13th
of November, froui Nashville, be ad-
dressed a letter to the Secretary of
State upon the subject. The following
are extracts from that letter.

'•This expose furnishes a satisfactory
view of the whole ground in dispute,
and incontestibly proves that judge
Fromentin has been guilty of willfully
and uickedli/ fabricating the most pal-
pable falsehoods. The evidence of
sucii wiblusliiug (Irpmvily and corntp-
lion should be placed in the posses-
sion of the President, and in strict jus-
tice, deserves to be exposed to the ex-
ecration of the whele American peo-
ple. When an officer of such high re-
sponsibility, under the Federal Gov-
ernment, manifests suc4i baseness and
obliquity of heart, it ought io excite our
nlarm, and stimulate the proper au-
thority to apply the most speedy and
efficient remedy."

"This course of proceeding, may
very well comport with the corrupt
and inquisitorial system o( former Span-
ish tribunals,hut they are clearly aftd
palpably unjust, and merit the unqual-
ified reprobation of every honest and
intelligent American, i can assure
you, that so far as I have been enabled
to collect an expressiiqa of public sen-
timent relative to tljeyonduct of judge
Fromentin, i( Lbs oviAently renderwd
him so oflious' and (■onltmptibic, that his
name is only mentioned in cfntebl
r4RCL«s to be Heprecatcd and ikspiseJ.
It is considered bo Jlagrant nw\ flitgitious
a departure from justice and propriety,
as lerioBsly to impair hi« standing, and
rather to produce disaffection, than rn-
-«pire respect and confidence in the A
merican authorities in Florida."

"Situated

subject of public investigation. Good
sense, as well as the best pohcy, would
certainly have dictated a very differ-
ent procedure. After his concession*
and opca acknowledgments thtit he
had acted hastily, and without due con-
sideration of the case, it could not have
lieen'cxpected that the most abandoned
and projligalc would have denied the
facts, particularly when those declara-
tions were made in the presence ot
several gentlemen of the most unim-
peachable integrity. The man who
eould thus proetitute his signature, for
the propagation of such glaring and
barefaced falsehoods, evinces an effron-
tery almost without a parallel, and a
deslitntion of principle very incompa-
tible with the character of one select-
ed to administer the laws as judge of
the United States. Elevated as he was,
I had hoped that I should meet with a
manly feeling and lofty integrity cor-
responding with his honorable station,
but I sincerely regret to say, that he
has displayed a want of honesty and can-
dour only becoming an apostate pries/, and
which is enough to suffuse the check of
depravity itself irith a blush.'^

The reader mast remember, that
the letter, from which these extracts
are made, was written more than two
months after the events to which it re-
lates. Time was given for the excite-
ment of the momefit to pass away; yet
does General Jackson work himself
again into c*! most unbecoming passion,
and indulge in the use of language,
which i¥0 circumstance or situation
could excuse. It has been said that it
is not that which entcrcth in, but that
whirh Cometh out of the man, that de-
fileth hira. It is Gen. Jackson, and
Gen. J.-^ckson atone, that is defded by
tiiis indecent departurfc from all that is
becoming and respectable amongst
gentlemen. What language is this to
address to tlie executiveof the nation!
How well might I parody a part of it,
and say: "The man who could ihua
pioBtituto his sfalion, in the employ-

have had (he hnrdHfjoi and tcr.

■\ mcnt of such course. aD**, vulgar laU'
5P'',ndcuc
rv of Sla^i

tuatcd as judge Fromentin was,| euf.ge. In his corrcsprnjjcuce with the
I did not anticipate that he would j Secretary

e, eviuces an ign«-

- - .cmrtily to ' ranee of prop'-'_(.tv. almost without par-

r^rivo fM? h ^rwvtfon, iiu) t)'.*lo-'it alaUiJ.anf;" . .,t,. ■v;,V7.-,n1v v<-rv \nroxv.-

3«ft

JACESOK iNJnAyja^tAf

patilile with tTie cliaratrter of orre se-
leclc' "^r high office, under the United
S^atc^."

^Ve have non' disposfd of the impor-
t,*tnt cOll itcr.ll maili-r!- that arose out
of the cise of ihe fair muuiUo. whose
origi 'al a|)phcatio;i wa- to ol)tain pos-

upon
Mr.

Sessioa of cert:un documcts,
Tr'iirh her rights depended.
Brackenridge made the apphcatioii,
in hts officirtl chararter as Alcade,
claiming paper3 th.it properly belong-
ed to his otfine. Having elioded this
purpose, he appeared in a new char-
acter, that of attorney for the fair mu-
laWjvinA her co-beirs against Joiin In-
nerai'ity.

An application was made to Gov-
ernor Jack'on, a? invested with the
supremej'idirial aut ority of the coun-
try, to proceed in the case, as it was
presented by the documents obtiined
from Callava. This application waS'
in the form of a petition, praying to
have Innerarity cited to show cause
tvhy a decree previously rendered by
Gov. Callava should not be carried in-
fo effect- This prayer was allowed,
August 28. R. K. Call, the Inte aid
of Gen. Jackson, and H. M. Brarken-
rdge the Alcade, acted as attornies
for the petitioners. On the 29th. of
August Mr. Innerarity appeared, and
•subsequently filed a plea to the juris-
diction of Governor Jackson, and as-
signed reasons why there should be no
further proceedings against him. —
Gov. Jackson, by some process or oth-
er, associated wi'H hims'-lf, as supreme
judge or Captain General of Cuba, one
J. C. "^litchel, wlio figures in the pro-
ceedings asoi.e of his excellencies wit-
ness's. And before these two judges,
til'.' cau=e was pressed to final hearing;
every ^plea and ririfument of innerarity
and his counsel beiig overruled, and a

Jackron, but are neverUiele«a singular
builesques upon legal ajid equitable
prii>ciplc^. but I do not intend here
to njvicw theni* v j^i .

Auditors were, appointed under the
interlocutory detree, who made a re-
port. Innerarity, on the 8lh of Octo-
ber, 1821, petitioned for furtlicr time
to object to tl»e report. The follow-
ing is an extract from this petition: •"

"The defendant again intreats and
implores that these &icred oracles may

not be disregarded or overruled. •

These are the laws in which he has
been nurtured. Hie bonus &ise. They
lead to safety and security. They are
a pavilhon in the tinr>e of danger, and
the defendant's only refuge in the hoiK?
of need. Your Excellency's procia-
mation solemnly gunmnties the boon
oi the contiiiUHPce of the Spani-h laws;
it is a pledge too precious to be par^
ed with; it is the plank to which the
defendant clings when be sees all the
elements warring around hiro. It is
the ark of safely, a -sanctuary in the
season of di>tres'i. He is now in that
extremity. He has b -en told b> voof
Excellency, that you sit as his judge
in the first instance, and en dernier re*
sort ne plus ultra, wit'iout any other
resource, or means of redress, inas-
much as all power is combined in your
Excel Icncy.

•'The defendant humbly hopes that
he will be permitted to. say, with alt
possible respect, that such a situation
is critical; nay, awful indeed! It is
without a solitary precedent in niod«
em annals; at least if they do Airnisb-
one, it is far beyond his ken, or the ut-
most range of cou'isel. He is, in a
word, without hope, without confi-'
dence, except in the justice of his ex«
reptions to the report, which he will

decree pronounced, on the 17th of make, if he is eranted the privilege of
September, lR2l,in the nature of an
interlocutory decree. The two opin-
;r>ns, one over-ruling the plea to the
iup;m,';'-tion. the other deciding in fa-
vour of x»J''^* Vidal, who, it should
havf; heen'^jooJ'^'" *'''*'^'^' ihough pro-
ceejinr i„ )icr*"i7v, "'''" """*^' '♦P!'*'^'*^
to have ha<l a hu.;^nnd a "" ^^f^' "^'"'^L"
outwithgroatsolcm^ity.T. "'"""'' "^"
v-usly not the work ,f Go;.^""''

the law; and if not. tlien he must yield
to force, in which case., he most respect-
fully begs that this may be considered
as his reverential protest. It is under
all these alarms, and under circunv
stances of far greater weight, than
am which he has hitherto mentioned,
hut which, thr.iugii p:ofour;d respect
to your Excellency, remain enshrined
in l]^s own bosc-m, that be uC-.t humbly

GE!*ER*K REttlRSS.

387

approaches your Excellency, fervently
pr:iyiiig tliat ting appe;il tnaiy be gra-
ciously reccivoi!.

JOHN INERARITY.
- Pensamla.Munday^Ckt. 8, 1821."

The petition was overrulrd, and on
Che sanie 8th day of October, a tiiial
decree; paswd, jjst such as the counsel
for Miss Vidal registered, upon the
Auditor's report. Il decreed Inneniriiy
to pay, upon account of the estate of
Vidal, $1027 19 cents; wlien in trulli,
riiere was due to Innerarity from tlie
estate of yidal,,y 157. I presume that
no lawyer, now reviewing the docu-
ments, could adopt any other opinion.
But when this decree was pronounced,
Gen. Jackson was still uide. the ex-
citement which liad ar: • in the case.
We have seen already, it had not sub-
sided in November. And injustice is
ever the concomitant of prejudice,
aqainst a parly or his cause. Very
soon after this decree vras pronounced,
Gen. Jackson Idl't the Floridas, though
it has been shown that the principles
and maxims of his government remain-
ed behind him.

■-' i have at length waded througli the
proposed investigation, and 1 request
every reader, who has accompanied
me, to say candidly, what he tliinlis of
(.-•en. JacksonV qualifications for civil
rule ? It is urged, as an apology for the
Tiolations of law and of individual right,
at New Orleans, that the presence of
an invading enemy properly subjected
the whole country to military law.—
Here was no enemy, foreign or domes-
tic, to be apprehended. Here was no
power, no occasion to establish military
rule. The country was at peace — the
■inhabitants were orderly. All were
submissive to Gen. Jackson. A case
of mere civil right was presented for
investigation and redress, and it was
contrived to engraft upon it a series of
Violence and outrage, such as are un-
paralleled in the history of any judi-
cial proceeding in any a^e or conntrv.
Whence did this originate? No cause
can now be perceived, hut the head-
long, impetuous, turbulent and over-
bearing temper of Gen. Jackson. Let
as enumerate and revi*?^ the facts de-
7e loped.

1. He commenced by disregarding
his own instructions, and by attempting
to induce other public otiicers to do the
same.

2. He conceived and propagated
unwarranted Jmd untounded suspicions
against the honor of the Spanish offi-
cers, and ol our own merchants.

3. He meditated the commis»ion of
an act of violence against a foreign,
power, unauthorised by his instruction!
and contrary to his public duty, which
he predicated upon assuming tor fact»
tnat w'lich only existed in his own ua»
founded suspicions.

4. He prostrated the laws of the
country and the djsiijilineof the army,
in issuing orders to militar) oflkers, ia
civil cases, after his military command
was at an end, and when the araiy was
not subject to his conlronl.

5. He violated the laws of nations in
seizing and imprisoning the Spanish
Governor, who was under tlieir pratec*
lion, and 8o considered by the Fresi"
dent. . -

6. H s proceedings ag^ihst the Spap^
ish Governor and his servants wer*
marked by a most reprehensible and in-
temperate violenee, at once illegal," ty^
rannical, and oppreriive.

7. His" banishment of the Spanish
officers was a still more aggravated act
of the same character.

8. His treatment of Judge Fromer*-
tin, n as not i*ily unbecoming a judicial
officer, but was outiageous and brutal,
wholly inconsiitent with the conduct of
ageiulemau.

9. His ordinances were illegal, arbi-
trary and unwise, and directly viola-
tive of his commission and instructions.

10. His judicial proceeding against
fnnerarily evidence great ignorance of
legal and equitable principles, and
strongly induce much more unfavoura-
ble inferences.

i;. His manner of correspondence
with the Executive of the nation, is tep.
rehensible for its coarseness, intejnpe-
rance, and scandalous insinoationf.

One thing further must be adf'ed. —
By looking back to page 364, it -vill be
seen Gen. Jack«on was infon»ed that,
"for the expenses incident *> the ser.
vices required, he should oraw ujioo
the State_ Department. ^STRICT

389

JAVamOHltl FLOBtUA^.

ECONOMY is to be observed in inatr-[
ring (kem,''^ v/i>s it)c injunction of Mr.
Sccrftary Adams. ,, Gen. Jackson set!
out on this service in April, and reach-
ed Mftntpelier in May, where he re-
mained until the firntof June, during all
which time, he was in (he service of the
Government as Major Genei al, and was
entitled. to, and did actually receive
, from Uite Governnoent not only his pay,
but his subsistence, extra rations, for-
age, pay for servants, rent of quarters,
aod iucl; and yet he claimed and was
ajlowed for his expenses as if he were
riot btherwiae in public employ. Capt.
Call Lis aid, and surgeon Bronaugh,
also received all their allowances as
military officers. Yet the following
are the charges for the perssnal ex-
penses of Gen. Jackson, within the pe-
riod stated; ,

W. Harvey, for pMsape of Gen. Jack-
»on and femily, from Nashville to
VVushiDgton, Missi»sippi, 238 00

Peabody and Cl-'tanberlaiii, for do. -fa
steamboat RJ»9id, 170 00

H. Mnoro, dt^ W sloop Ileraid, from
/ sJN«jr Orleans to Blakely, 570 00

J. AtiEtii), for transportation of Geo.
Jacluon's baggage from Blakely to
Montpelier, " 45 00

pi), for board of Gen. J. hi? family

and Giiite, at Blnbcly, 575 75

BJueaod Shome, bill of store?, 2,44 3l

$1243 05

This .nmount of TWELVE HUN-
- DRED AND FORTY.TllUEE DOL-
. LARS SIX CENTS, is a round sum
^ to bfe paid for mere personal cxpeudi-
^titfc in about sLx weeks, and paid i»

men, receiving full pay and rations of
^etery descriptions, in their military
.^character. If this was the obsci-vancc

of "slricl fcononv/" according to Gen.

JacT^ion s notions of »t, I do not see
^ bow it cat! be expected that he shogld
; rijjor'm Ine poveinment in matters of
^«Kpcnsc.' His whole charg,e for per-
j, so'Wil expenses, in this service, amouul-

■cH to fi^y Three thousand

Dttr. HUNDRED AND THIRTY-
^rOlJR- DOLL.\RS Mucty-live cents.
, He Vas' abjtcnt, from the Hermitage,
^'"dboiJtV(x jpontiiE. fait of the time
'^\iiV6l't^■c4 Ilia Major Gcnci;d"i pay
i'ahd perqi'isii'ej^ Eor the residue, he

rfccired m the Vale of FIVE THOU-

SAND DOLLAfUB per<pcar>a3 Gov-
ernor. This .5'3134 96 cents, is inad-
dition to both, incurred^ acco.nding to
, Gen. Jackson's opiiHon, with "fVrci
■economy.'''' ^i .. -urij/i-..

I . . ^O tOr|f n. II ,

I There is too much reason to appre-
jhend that at the present moment, a
j portion of the public mind is closed
against a candid consideration of tbc
, important facts here presented. It
was, nevertheless, a duty to collate &,
present them. This may be one means
i of preserving thera in a regular con-
nection. If, at some future day, when
I the present misguided devotion to
I Gen, Jackson stall have passed away.
I this paper- should fall into the hand?
jof an American Statesman, properly
I devoted to free institutions and equal
j laws, he cannot be otherwise than as-
I tonished, that the principal actor, in
j such scenes, should have stood promi-
nent as a candidate for the Presiden-
tial chair. Let him be careful that,
when filled with astoilishment al the
I political aberrations, of those who have
I preceded him, he docs not himself
j become the dupe of party, or the vic-
I tim of passion and prejudice. Here-
tofore, we, of this generation, havt
i considered our institutions as securely
and permanently established. We
I have prided ourselves in the belief,
that they were calculated to endure,
and extend the blessings of rational
liberty from generation to generation,
until time should be no more. But
this proud hope begins to be abated.
i We sec with sorrow and with alarth.
I that the very same causes, which have
j overthrown nil tree gfivernments, exist
and operate in our own. Love of
{glory and devotion to military renown,
, infatuate our counfrj'nicn ns they
'have infatuatfd all others, and with
jthis differen<;e against us: In other
countries, public bberty-h»>s been sur-
rendered to profound talents, to long
public services, to repealed military
exploits. We propose^to deliver our-
selves into the hands of a victor in a
single battle;— the sum of whose ic/w/r
■ talents and public services, that distin-
;guish him from bis fellov\s, is writt.en
in four words, 'TAc Lallle of J^'ev.
' Or/cn/i,v/"

II£CO OF TWO WARS.

386

•ji '■ t- UERO OF TWO WARS. I ■

b'-M 'A ,n)Ui<Acl 5i SdtKt 5;* I

PrMliViiifftiht the Gtpilal. Seh'o alone^ walk,
ingingreat agitation. .n.<''

This is the very crisis of my fate!
Now Kortuiic, tliou blind Goddess, smile pro-
pitious,
As thou art wont to smile upon thp bravo.
Let niy high hopes of power be cousummated,
Bjr public chpi^c exprested in legal forgi. —

l-A/ter a long jiaute.
But come whAt may come, Hero is resolved,
Or (air or foul, to reach the destined goul)
_'J'o wliich h)? strpug ambition long hath looked,
VVith ardest gitze anil scorching thirst for cm-
•^ pire;- " ^ ''■»" ■'■' ^ '" ■' ■ • ' '■ ■ •
it >!iall be seized, il' by tJie last resiirt.
This has been weighed maturely, and Che traio,
Is safely laid lor action ; and to spring it.
Needs but a word from one of desperate furtime.
Knr \¥lK*thaTe 1 to lose, whose itiys, at best,
; g^'c almost iiumbercd?— Who shall cQuut the
, ' gain?

Hf best can count it, who has keenly felt.
The sweets of deep revenge on hated foes,
VVlio like the great Archangel fallen proclaims,
The unsubdue^l and stern resolve of pride.
Rather "to rule in Htll, than serve in Heaven."
So do I feel, and sflch is my resolve.
And ioB^ mind, exposed as I have been,
LaiKed irito fury, by the blazoning forth,
' Of a long life of folly to the gaze,
Of the astonished multitude, whose stare
Sears ray braiu witli fury uncontrouled.
. To reign supreme one single month, is worth
The utmost consequence of life or death.
Then shall these people well repent, that they
Opposed my wishes, or exposed my crimes —
I'll make them fear me, whom they would not

love,
■ And cower beneath the sceptre I shall sway
itjupreme, where on,ce this proud Republic

stood.
The pride and wonder of the admiring world.
The disaffected spirits of the South
And East and West, from Maine to Mexico,
Stand ready for revolt. The signal given,
They rush around their chief, and hurl dafiance i
At all who talk of laws and constitutions. |
And shall 1 pause, when glory points the way, >
/nd deep revenge incites me to the field? j

Shall 1. who've trafficked human flesh for gain,
0oubt if I barter liberty for power? ° I

Shall I bind slaves, and not bind freemen too.
Who crowd around me, begging to he slaves?
Dark ministers of Fate have whispered oft,

That I shall scourge the hind. Then be it so

I but obey my destiny : the blame
-Rests with the F^tes, not me:— I yield me to

them.
I will, like Alaric, " the scourge of Gotl,"
The ruthless spoiler of Imperial Rome,
I'our forth the furies of my breast, and blast
Like him, the herb.ige of the earth, \vher6 c"rc
! turn my footsteps through the trembling laud.
Oh! glorious thought! My longing soul's on

fire,
TobursUike vEtna on the astonished world.
To march resistless o'er my prostrate foes,
Mailing their necks my footstools, as I mount.

The Imperial car that crushes them to death :

Then shall this hated coalition crew,

This C**», and all his minions writhing feel,
The tortures that luy vengeance dare inflict

Who comes to interrupt me there? Avauut !-^
Ala«: the spell is broke^the vision fled;
Eti tcr Hiela tor. Lutestring and Ci/plier.

Lute. All, a II is lost! Proud with saccesv
your rival . ^

Smiles on the courtiers that around bim throng.
With grafulatious warm. Meantime, your

friends
In sullen gloom retire from the r^rowd,
Desponding at their fate.

Cv. They must be cheered,
With a new enterprise they know not of.
The sfcret once disclosed, their swelling soule<
Will burn for action^ in the high emprise.

DiR. A cast to desperate should be well con-
sidered.

Hero. Away with cautioti and considera-
tion !
They both are dastard traitors to truedarin»:
Seize the Director ! he cannot be trusted. —
Here ! this to my Major Domo — this to him.

Who ruled my councils in tiie field of Orleans

.•Vnd this to Outcast: — Let no time be lost.
AnJ this— atrd this—. Observe you the Director.

Here, wev'e ten thousand men already levied

With these we'll storm the Capitol, and <lrive
The Coalition from their ill got seats : —
On— on to action — we all right defy.
We reign triumphant, or we traitors die! —

[E.veu>U Omnes in great eonfusitnt.
Cvrtainfalb slowli/—lime, ' The death of Lilierty.'

FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OFKHSN.
JACKSON'S TRUE CHARACTER.

Almost every day developes some
new fact, illustrative qf the (rue char-
acter of Gen. Jackson, and demonstra-
ting the mistakes (hat have prevailed
with respect to his talents and informa-
tion. It is humiliating to be made cer-
tain of the extent of his ignor.Tnce: and
yet it is a duty to ascerfain that fact.
The reputation he has acquired, the
stations he has occupied, and that t«»
which he aspires, all altach importance
to him. We naturally ask ourselves,
can it he possible, that a man of very
slender capacity, of no learning and of
no experience in public aflTairg, by the
mere force of arrogant pretension,
could occupy so much space in the

minds of an enlightened people? We

feel the reflection cast upon us, by an
affirmative answer to this enquiry, an*
we rue therefore reluclanl to make it.
The fact, however, cannot be negatived
by our unwillingness lo admit iu No
doubt can remain, upon the impartial
and the intelligent mind, that Gcm-it-!
Jackson is, and ever luis been, a lash,
vain, and presumptuous ignoramus:
that it is to a good portion of animal

sop.

.riniTHFR IMT;8TKATI0N« oj

coura!y^5 and to.ap uncommon share of
vindictive" (jir);j united with an impt lijr
ous temperj tfiat he bas made an im-
pression'upon fhose aroutid him. How '
discreditable to our country that such
a man should he selected, for h<'r high- i
est stations," aiidheld up as a paragon of |
virtue and of talents'. How disgrace- 1
fal! how pregnant with misthief.
should the infatuation of the people
pfnce him ui that station!

In Gen. Jackson's puhlic correspon-
dence, upon puhlic aflairs, th'^re is a
decent accunicy ofcompositio-i, which
would indicate a tolerable scholar; and,
although the language is very often
exceptional for its rudeness and coarse-
ness, his writings might pass for those
of a plain, unlettered, but intelligent
man. When, however, his correspon-
dence, such 33 is actually and unques-
tionably his own, comes to he inspect-
ed, it is found of a totally ditltrent de-
scription. All the rules of composi-
tion, of orthography, and of syntax, are
disregarded, and a most reprehensible
ignorance is made manifest. Only a
few specimens have fallen into the
hands of those who have deemed it
right to expose them. They have
been sutTiciently conclusive. Still it
cannot be amiss to multiply the proofs
upon this head, and. for th it purpose, I
here copy exactly, with the exception
of punctuation, two origin;il letters
from Gen. Jackson, ■' They deserve to
be preserved, in tliis work, as curiosi-
ties, in more particulars tlian that of
their literary pretension. Tiiey pre-
sent, no doubt, a fair specimen of the
writer's mind, and of the sulijects tliat
occupied it, at the time they were
written. He was then forty years of
age, in the prime and vigor of man-
hood,and the medic) of criHJiiics which
these letters contain, seem to have been
the chitf pahulenoon wWK his intel-
lect subsbted. .

n .. II.- •> > ■> •i'^" . '" '■

"i fectf, ypurnoic': its consents qu\y obscrv-
eJ. tho ^e<^eipts as diVfcloil I b^ir tmainnl.
tbp'necrb Oirl nanied, iflikflvint a fiiir (iricp,
I will r*<*ive. I have cccil Si>im' Commiiiiica-
lion«from the Ptetiilpnt nnd Sccrutary of War,
and yonr prp«eure'ii required, iit My hMi«r to
morrow Kietiini;, or F.arly. Monday Morning
to consult nn Menns t Mei.'iire, ,iiid to deter-
mine the latitiirti- of the aiitliorilj. it is jthe ,
iT.frtst old wonan letter from the ?(cr»tarj

that you •verSawr. your presence on S'jnday
tveninj mil bti cxpecteil, and your nre^eure
on nionday morning at 9 oc!.)ck cannot bt dis-'
pen'Td wjih. you must attend. I have Sunt'
nn express to the mouth ol Cuniberiand ii to,
MaMac to kee and hear, and nu.ke obserra- .
tn'ns. I have wrute to Capt. Uisele: but Iroin
iniori.iation reed, at ttie mouunt th*- Meiscii--
Ker was Staitin^, Givef me reawn t<>t>elieTe'
that Bi-=le is the Host oi A. B. V\ i;Aijson hat
deuounceil B. us n- traitorafler he nAilid that
he was iuiplicated. tliis ia Ut'tj* policy, lie
has obtained thereby the Ci-uninand of New
Orleans the Gun tioat; ariued hL'J hif plan cac
now be exiculeil wifhout resistance. But we
luust he there m dui- finie, before fnttificatiotie
can be erecteil. and re'stom to our (»overiini«nt
Nfw Orleans and ihe vreelrrn Coujiuerxe. you
uiu«t aliend. Gi»e tti those Offieers that »oq
see assurances that all V(duiifcer C'oinpauic* '
will he Greatfulli aoceptetl off. we must have
thirty, 36 or 40 Companies into the field, in
fifteen or twenty days; ten oir li in lour, t
have it from the i'resident, I have it frOiu UiX'
on thill all Volrnteers uill be «;ratelully RO
cepted. Tomorrow n:;:ht Winchesler will l>e
with me, 1 wish yu there, the Secralarj- of
^Var IS not 6t for a Grany. I fear J. Kandolphs
Ideas were too Correct; but duheruus as he
has wrote there are bufficient authoril*
to net. Act 1 «iil, and by lujLt mail I <vil|
give him a letter thttt will iiisfruet hioi iu hi^
duty, and convince him that I know mine. If ■
you Convenient bring the Girl Ritn you and
Health and respect A. J.-VCKsO.N.

Coniplinients tn .Mrs A. I mu.-t tell you (hat
Bonepart has destroyed the pru?«ian 3rni\.— '
W't ought to have a jitllr of the En»;>utcr3' eo-
ergy."

This letter is without date, but i£
endorsed as written the 4tb and re-
ceived the Gth of January, 1807, and
was addressed to Waj. Wm. P. AmjLR'
SON. The occasion of writing it, as .
will be seen, was the receipt of tlic
President's proclamation respecting
Burr, and a letter from the Secretary
atVVar on the same subject. And il .
is certainly remarkable for the cool iO"
difFercnce with which private receipts,
n negro-trading bargain, cbntfitipt for
the Secretary of War,. and consulta-
tions for the f uppressipn^ol' a.supposeti .
wide spreading freaStS at6 commin-
gled together. " '' . _^' '■ '

If wc rightly conlprehehd thi.sdocti.
men(, an express had.arrived with let-
ters from the I'loident-and Secretary
of War, informing Gen, Jackson that a .
diabolical and. treasonable conspiracy
was in full action, and. tJi.U his own
neighbourljood Jiad been one theatre of
iti' operations, and himself a dupe to
aid it. lie is otllcd upon to make •
iijiioedra^j^ «i)rod^l<i^qu,yh it, and tU*

'f

GEff. JtACKSON'S TRWE OH.IRACTER.

. Mi.

letter is written to OTtfe with #hom he | reprehensible character, and to avow

wishes to tiold iiniuediate conference
But tile purchase ot a ^'ntgro girC is
tlie lirst matter to he arranged; and
tliat disposed ol", state -affairs are iu-
tn-duced, and in treating of them, the
Secretary at War is ridiculed, sus

an intention to 'nnslrua him in hii-
</u/y," was in fact to threaten an act
oi mutiny. It is not strange that thig
disorderly spirit should have engender-
ed strifes, coiitentiotis, and mutinies,
whenever its action has been uncon-

picioii cast opon Capt. Bissel. an d the trouled. '•'■Ji lilik of the emperor's [Ndt.-
A.iierican commander broadly charj;- poleon] mer<r>j^'' at head quarters,
ed with treason. Then comes the would hare soon consigned such brag-

promise of great tilings to bp perform
ea for the country by the General him-
self, in recovering New-Orleans, and
restoring Western commerce. The
utter ignorance of military atTairs
manifested in the proposed mihtary ar-
rangements is truly ridiculous. Thir-
ty, thirty-five, or forty companies were
to !)e in the field, in fifteen or twenty
days, to reach Ncw-Orleans before the
conspirators could fortify it!! How
was New Orleans to be fortified ? I low
■was an army of 4000 men to be organ-
ized, supplied with the necessary arms
equipments, provisions and means ol
trnnsportation in twenty days? All
fbis was to be effected by the single
prowess, the mighty t tlents of Andrew
Jackson, in whose estimation '•Hh.e Sec-
retary of War was not ft for a granny^''
and whom he undertook to '■'instruct in
his duty,'''' as a matter for which he was
well qualified.

The flippant iijnorance evinced in
this letter, is only equalled by the spir-
it of calumny and insubordination that
runs through it, and by the silly pre-
sumption of proposing to instruct the
Secretary in his duty. We have here
Tihder Gen. Jackson's own hand, an
account of his conduct towards his su-
periors, in the very first instance o/re-
ceFviiig authority to act from the Ex-
ecutive of the Union. Tl»e Secretary
of War stood in relation to Gen. Jack-
son as his superior officer. It is a first
principle of military disciphne, that
the inferior shall treat the superior
with deferential respect. To apply
to him terms of reproach, is a military
offence, and punishable, not under the
second section, but under the sixth ai^
tide for the rule and government of
the army. To speak of the Secretary
of War as n ^hTxcrc old renmcn^ a5 '■'•ntA
Jit for a grormy^^ was a contempt and
disre^ct of that office-, of & highly

gadocia impertinence to its proper
noihii gncss. 1 doubt, indeed, if any
letter like that threatened, was ever
written to the Secretary at War. Mr.'
Jefferson was not a man to be bearded
either in his own official character, or
in that of his Secretaries.

The second letter is as follows:

•'Richmond June 16. 18S7
' " I am still detaiuetl here, and at frhat time
I will bf able to.lfiivcit js.uncertaiu. Gen«3
Wilkinson, alter ilelaining the Court 20 dajs, •
has at TeriKth arrived'and tlie bills against Burr
are sent up to the Grand Jury. VVhethor the
TeBtiiuony will be sufficient to convince the
Minds of thi- Grand Jnrv that guilt exist Either
as to treason or Misdemeanour is problimatical.
I am more ronriijced than ever that trcasati
never was intended bj jBurr — but if ever it wa."!
you ICiiDW My wishef — that he may be hung, .
I am Slill more Convinced that whatever uiay^
huNe been the project oi Burr, James WiikinsoB, .
'a-Ai went hand and hand with bimi but EalonH
like, wheu he (bund that such was the iutegriU.w
and virtue of the wistirn citizens' tl.at'a suffi. ."
oient force Could ni't be obtained he became the.
patriot to save himself from the fmwns and
indij;uati',n of an insulted people, und to bring
about that event by a lawless tvrany that
whicli he lound conld not be carie<i'into efiect*
hy force, there are a variety of opinion? on ^
the Subject, which a few days will lurnish Suf-.ti
ficient light for the impartial mind to act on, .,
all I wish that if guilt ever did cxi^t that atf'
concerned may be ))uni?bed : if they are inocent ''
that they may bo acijuilted. but I have ni>v
opiiiion that it is just to sacrifice one as a peace,
otfering to policy, and periiut others of ciinal ^
jiUilt to pas? ivilh impunity. lam Scrrj tO*C
Say that tbi? thing ha«, in part, assmctd Ihe^
shape of a piiliticafpprsecu'ion, and lor whic^
I refer you to the papers of this place, J am tolij '
you Recitvp them, a subjicena has been sent ou
for the President, with a Lh.cu tecum, whp*. •
may be the return I know not. but it iipptar^.^,
.Mr Hay, by a change, i« placed in the opposite '"'
Situation that he acted in when Calender wa(S-3J
tried, and his own doctrine is us-ed against him.
as scon as the Grand Jury have acted on thi»»
thiog, I will advise you Ihenof. — at,the racel^j^j
hope you will see Mrs. J.ickson. tell her iiottoi^^r
be ureasy, 1 will be home a' soon as my, obe-,- t
dience to thepreceptof my Cuntry will permit. „,.
I have onl^ to add, as to the race, that the V-
mare of Williares is thought here to be a £cst. —
rate animal of h«r sizi; but, if she can be pui "■
up, she will fail ia one heat, it will he thcu
pr./pef topL'tficr up To all sljc kflOKi at cnce
"Adifeu

"A. iACKSOX"

.a»2

•lO I*. W. CAIU'BELL, ESQ.

TOt. W. CAMPBELL, ESQ.

Thii U, to be sure, a rare medley of i
tittle tattle, rude insiwintion and horeej
racing inslructionj. It is impossible t/> |
lead this epistle, and not perceive in it ^^^^ ^^_^^_^
^e writer's strong prediiettion for , ^^^^ ^^^
Burr. He wns well .:onv,nced.that ^^ ^^^^\,^.
Wilkinson was as guilty as Burr, lie
impeaches the integrity of Ealm and
.declares his opinion, that the proceed-
ings .gainst Burr had "■assiumd the
shoj/e of political perseculioH.'^ All this
W4S the exact slang of the Burritee "fjj,'!"^^
tbajt dav. And what does it amount j '

■■-' rr> ' . 1 1 il_ I name. mij l^V.T_ll t«.v-i:w»_ .«.. fcv-

to? Toneithermorenorless,thanani^^^^ ^^ j,.^ count i^, ow
assertipn t!«l Mr. Jelloi-on was the,^.^ ^^„^^ ^.^.^^^^^ ^,^j ^,
persecutor ol. Burr, Wilkinsoo perjur-
-ed, Eaton a scoundrel inlbrmer, and
• Gen. Andrew Jackson a m^sl patriotic

Sin; — You were once known as a

distinguished and leading member o<

• the National Legislature. Subsc-

Sccietary of the Treasirty-

Ignited States, and again as U.

S. Minister, resident at Russia. 1 was

not a little surprised, when in March;

1827, 1 discovered your name as cine

of a Committee of Varnishers, raised

purposely to white-wash the clwracter

~en. Jackson. Every man. whose

gentleman, who wished to see traitors
hung and innocent men acquitted!!
■. The horse-racing instructioHS are in
exadt clxaracttr with the rest of the
letter. Mrs. Jackson is elegantly jum-
bled up with the horse race. Informa-
tion for her, and directions about Wil-
liams's mare, are most delicately asso-
ciated together. "Pf(/ her up to all she
knows a: oitce," is doubtless the slang of
the turf. Tht knowledge of a race
horse!. How would it compare with
the knov/ledge of Gen. Jackson?

Let the candid reader take these
two letters as the index of Gen. Jack

name has been associated with the

es much to
omelhing to-
himself. He is not at liberty to"" be-
come conspicuous in a discreditable
vocation, "because his degradation may
discredit other?, and prejudice hi>
countr)-. It was upon this principle,
that Cajsar acted, when be said that
his wife must not only be pure, bm
above suspicion. An. individual may
consult his own feelings in forming his
associations, becanse they affect no
person but himself. A public mar.
must select his course in life, with a
reference to his pubUc character. He
must avoid improper courses, and un-
fit associations, lest his example might
do mischief. So, a man who has once
occupied a large space in the cotin-

:x 01 uen. .>at K- i .^ ^^ j^j^ country .is required never to
jon's mind, as a fair specimen ot ^ttie j^^^^^ ^^^^ .^ imposes a particular rule

of circumspection, upon his whole sub-

subjecls that occiipied it: Let him
take them as a' sample of his literary
"acquirements, and who could imagine
that the author would ever be thought

of for President of the United State*?
Jack Cade condemned the clerk of
diatham to dealh, because he had a ;J|=^'-^'- ^^'^"^^ "wbat uas Hie object sf

or President 01 tne unitea otar«n ^^^^^j^^,,^^ according a
k Cade condemned the clerk of ^^^ oraanizafion may

sequent life. Have you preserved
this remembrance in a proper manner?
Associations are reprehensible oi
as their ob-
he one or

ject and organi

,'. i appropriately named ■ tlie Navh\ille
' I White- washing Committee? The a-

book in his pocket, with red letters in; ^^^ association to which von beloni;,

it, and because he wrote "cowri Ao«</,^

and could "ro.?/ accounts.'' It won' '

seem as though we were approaching!^.

the same

prevailed,

qualifications can aspire to the

„ -- vOwed object was a defence of tfic

state of igi«rance that 'hen 1^,^^^.^^^^^,-^,- (^^,^ Jackwn. Whence
, when a man ol Gen. •'ack-ipj.i„i,,^,pj „,^. opinion that an organ-
son's qualifications can aspire to the .^j ^^^,^. ^^f,^^,-,.^^^^ ^.^re necessary
Presidency, with a posbible prospect ot^^^ preserve his cliaractcr from de-
succesj. istruction? The friends of no other

I distinguished man, a candidate for ol-

ificc, had deemed such a resort indis-

?nsible. Whv should it be antici'

SPI'NK.

T.U. Iluilleof thtfhtuteol" Missi'sif.pi. liavin;:
aaile 3 most Bhabbv poll, «t tht! late election pell , , f .,.„„..,

/arConKr.-es.hasrBjicflwl Lisfcnliiitheprcfeiii pated that nothing short ot artpniu-
Ooncrew. Tlieptthlicloiifs iiottiinKby tlii5.— [(i^„.l^Qjy.^ua,-(l woihld be sulVlcicnt to

Tb«re is one coucciled J.-ick»napi3 tbe less on
the aoor of ffie Hontc of RepreEmtahiM.

nvntect the iii.«t fame cf a just xtA'-W

iV» I., -s*. «. i-iLl'iJliJU., KSU. 31>J

llaid any despotic^ sovereign, ^who ob- jour frUow citizens, for (ruth. The
t<Brvcd the mxum ot" justice in admin-, imbefiiiti orOAeitGn iiiigfit be an es-
, iatering his goTernment, ever sought ii ; cuse for hini. The ignorance of fdc^
body guard for hij protection.' Rath-tmd parashicn] credulity 6f J. N.'flaii
cr does not nil experience ,icii<:!i Us, might form his apology. BotVoU are
that this is the resort ortae luyast op: neither finbecilc nor ignorant of facts-,
pressor, and the cruel tynuit? Was j When yoa set jour name to b^anCtidii
not the world waiTanted in the deduc- misrepresentation; when you lent your
tion that such au organization, a.s 3 ou (alent.s (o iu;ilcc ^'ihe aron^ npptar thf
have entered into, included an adiui-- Ifec.'fe.' reason,'^ ^isu were perfectly con.
sion, tlKit there were many weak points I scions what you were about. You dis-
to be defended? In short, \\-as ool^nuctly comprelieiided, that if you ob^
^vour association an open prcrl:uiiatio;i : tained oredeRce, the country would bi
that your hero wasvulnerablciu ujany ! deceived. Your own i-ellcctions taa^t
places, which u shield of seven bulls'] you, that was Gen. Jackson as wcil
liides, encased in bniss, vas, scarcely if-.iiown to all, as he was to }OQ,nont;Mi
blifficient to defend? 1 do assure you, j would seriously think of hitu forPre^i
sir, tltat no other legitimate conclusion 'dent.- '^Ciin you, sir, witliout bittc.-
Ceuld be fairly drawn. Did it become |eiruotrons of siiame, and kecfl ♦Hf-ji^
G. W. Campbell to as!iume the char- tyiziieftoi^-' rfc'w^^ o/" ecnsc/mce," (Uru
actcr of a gilder of suspected wares !you^ liiind in ujwn itself, and subjett
that by ortiticiai polish, a blemished '.your own conduct to the scrutiny of a
vessel migiit be passed for a sdunu 1 proper self examination? Can' you
one? In my opinion, this vocation did survey fhe pfeseul state of the country,
not beconrje hiui, and by ofticiating in and witncsss f!ie' personal animosilieii,
it, he has done prejudice, both to Liai- wliit'h the unwarranted pretensions <rt'
self and to the American pco^ile. .a mere pretender, have engendered-,

Independent of your standing, as a and the public degradation whicli
ijian who had occupied high places, those pretensions liave brought upon
there were other n;asQn; ti^at should : the countrj, its intelligence, monility,
laave forbade you to join tkis as'socia- : and iny'itutions, without a sensation of
tion of white-washers- Your Lutelli-i deep remorse? I am deceived, much
gence of a genera! character, your -deceived, in your character, if you am
knowledge as a lawyer, your iafonna- be in concord with "yoiiRelff Yom-
iion as a politician, and yuur iniiuiatc strong ^ensc of public dulv,'and vour
acouaintancc with the piivaic history 'reaJy power to dischrninatc bc-twe«u
smd pci-bonal qualifications oi Gen. truth and error, right and wrong, must
Jackson, made it impossible that you ; be at war a\ iih your coui-s^eas a naefli-
could become his eulogist and vindi-;hercftl)c Committee of Varnishers.-^
tator without a reprehensible violation Nay. your prid3 cannot but make you
of duty. All Ilia defects of character, sensible, that the employment, is, in
his \-iolence of temper, his egregious; every fense, degradingto jou.
vanity, his predilection for despotic At some future day, you may possj-
power, his thirst for speculation, his, bl)' review, in yonC own mind, "the aX-
dcficiency of education, were fu- ' tempt to varnish Gen. Jackson's matli-
niiliar to you. It is well known to you, ' mo.ninl connexion : With what feelings
that he posse^s^s no one of ilu-. qoali- can you recolleft that the vcf}" event
(ications for ti\ il rule, lliat a Prcsidcni 1 thus uhite-zt^cdccd into virtue, had be*;^
of the United States should possess. : a standing jest for nearly thirty y call:
^Vhen, then, you recommended hi; A jest of reproach and- ridieulc", cvta
election in general term-, you did that, amongst the vcn' person?, who '^rSlft;'-
which your better Icnowlcdge adnion-' ly look upon theiinselves to purify tin;
i.shed }x>u was urony: When you en- • transaction irom all censure. "-Did
gaged in his defence agr.lnst the vari- you sir, and your compcersj fn" this
ous objections which have been urged work, ieel a just roaptct for the Amei-
against him, you then know you were icau people, when you presented -to
attempting to impose falsehood upon them vour etlbrt a! vinJif-atio'^? I*r^ai

VJfc

outtrjf,

iiji.o^ea (Jeclftnition th.if you xellcci! eui:Ic deep in tlie minds of ail the°
tipori (Fci^ Credulit}^ JJiid their prejadi- ■ tuoUi lina tjic; good. ' . tiib. youti
.ce?! ft was all idsuH, sir, to the conf»-' they may,' for* a ttme, pbrmit pfTriy
jnon sense of every unprejudiced muid, rVicns anJ pnrf^ ereltemfint, to sflenca
Ft wai an, e;spression of Contempt; it I llieirjUst toflH:tioAV.' But tKcy cannot
\va^ spfie^nii jrpiiyi it was Isittcr ridi- !'!)e ejctirigoishpd. Nhy.^iKfj must'lWc
cijle/ It WTjs holding up your fellow- ilcepf (Vesh in rec6lVoifVioii':,^iy btfjcr
citijy;ns,iat least your devoted parti- 1 Cvenfs. Do you hot' knO\NV rir, tti^t
ians, to the EcoHVof oliiers, and to the since your vindicrvtiob (3* this cfirrfc
t onfeJsed degradatipn of themselves. — ' has been spread before the world, *OTnc
ft wa^ requiring them to write fool, or'of its secret perpetrators have alnoost
dupe upon their own fronts, and to { tlirown olT their distjnhc ? ^Have ywi
wear, the inscription in naked ex- j not heard pf ii .n-' -icrj' like that 61
■ posurc tp the world. That you judged V'riah? ' Ar*-' the porpctriiitors otter
• orVecliy of the devotion of your par- stranger? toybu 7 Know yon notlihig
Ijzans, r admit. You may make any pro- ! of a inatii tfihigh Efatioii, whofjc dbrtfe-
posilion with impunity, even to a lady, tic relations are neither to be seen err
when Fier passions are excited to a [named'! h there no instancfj even of

But when tlic excite- j female aberrntion, where it

certain point.

ment subside--, and rctleclion returns, t have been thought imposiblct-
A\r — ■" '- - ' ^- -*■ --- — 1.1 >- — . .1 ._ • r,fk

would
I

she will know how to estimate you. ' spetit to your toosciousne'^, nt'^Ho
So, when the tu^nia (ijal has seconded |yoyr conscience. 'T iuaniip^'De dle^eGr-
ytJur claims for Gen. .fackson shall jed'abobt the response of cfthef;'^', "'"','
be removed, lijid political healtli re- Have yon, sir, 'dealt rdndidly" wilb
stored, the .people must feel, hs up- 1 the country^ and arconfing totnc Wst
light pei-sons should feel, toward? of your judijment, iii the cuif; of;tfte
those who have insulted both their j Six Miutia Mek? Would ydd'dofflnlit
j)riiicipjes and their understanding', jyour profeisioDal rcffotatioo;' by {living
In all ages of the world, crime as Ian individual opinioh that the law war-
well as vice, when attributed to the! ranted their tx^cution? 1 CHnnctlic-
idol of a party have found apologists, licve' it." KSperiencc dcmonMrates.
Of all the dark catalogue of crimes,' that Ivodic^ot infcif oftoi; say and 'do
none hatJ produced more mischief and that, for wilii^^h" ho one of them \njt^
horrore than the indulgence that vio- become iiidlVidtiallj' lBsponsiblc."^\<-
latcs the seventh pit;cept of the deca- Are \'Ca 'vre|)?.i't;d to st^nd ^bcTcJtc

" the nafib^ a'hJ rindicatt the tratr^c-
tioi-.s Vrtb/fhe l^eiti oV AtLrsbN-?—
Would .t1ot,,\t)ar lilorar se^ue r6tolt

■whole Jro-

tice otpf

IfiV.lc that* a

'On3,art hut its ordinary c6hsbrjticn(^Ci<. I studied tnisrc^fcsehtatibn of faets fi'as
History, sacred and profane, tlie ;ui- been put forth in tluit case? Arc you
uals of public and private men, all, not thoroiitihly "coiiiinccd that ine set-
leach the same lesson. The murder 'fiT-fiaust have iifevaMfdf^" J5o fou

lo^tfe.' Whether wi; examine its ef-
fects upon the affairs of. tv^tionS, con>
initlcd by Kini;s and rylers, oiwhcth-

of Uriah, and the rape, of IJotcn arc
htit common instances. Similar ones
occur in all age^, and in all couhtricF-.thp compromlsfe?'
Kvery year we have more than one!
la.-c of the kind, where murder fol-
lows adultery, even in our own con».-
irv. What then should a v"

not'kiibw tlwif Hiis i;oh\l'ctia^, (fic-^n;-
!!ultoflntrea^sPd'h^{bi%aag&-pni9DS;cil
■the compromlsfe?' '■•^^^^'''^ '■">-
■ But sir,lKeJ»Ffnd?tiJl1 fetifect bTthJ3
ictteiv IS to review- thtr'',Tiitiffsl efTcrrf of
your association: the 'attciTip^ to tps-
irtuons! cue .your idol from the' consequence of

people tliink of those, who associate j his ccmvifctio^' Vith A.-irdn Burr ajui
rogtther, professedly to "make apologies _ _ .

for this enormity committed^ under ahy
possible circutyistanct:^.' Do not dc-

his conspiracy. Tliis effort is a chief
tic oitvrr, even for the Whitewashing
Committee. I, shall fHssect withont

Hr^-crib'ia^-?*'., ^''" ' ■ ' ■ """ " ■■

^--^JTOG. W.,C.VMPBELl,. ESQ.

3i«2

teca
r.

• . -Iljcominences wi.tb a.iaij'tlqfous iin- { buspiciou vvaa l)roaclawaKe, scTcntec
I.|rHUi.. Xjj^ ctjcirgfi^ucH n^ ,it is, ^wus [ ('a^'s before the first Ja^- of Npyemhei
jjDptJ^^f. ^jil^i^v,*'.Q!^r<Jfi.fl/ M^ c/^^^ was promulgated in a iievv*spai)or.

4,^ fo/t/a^^,, ^tVasu<Jt.(«ily ni:»de^i>ytj^ treated as a maKer c^^pr'evibu's (5.3^-
.JBudo kncivji' to . the party . accjised, I istence. How, sir, sliould a inan .Of
. nine njontha b€iofe,r/flefWo/'/7(<; co(i-; honor foci, tlius comicled of a t^tal
./a*/.*' Mixt iin B'i'li ih'" fiiH^hov>d, j<Ji^'reafard of truth? ' ,'
-Cprnmeiiiiing. vyitlt tl^e; first wor.cia pfi This false as.suniptioii, is tlic basis,
Iflic vindL<^ti9Q»jtBfif.?funs '^fuoygfi liiej the fouudatioh stone of your whole
*,5vhole , psifagfaiJij ,a. tij^Q q{ nH<rei vindication: aud it is a necessary cob-
,^'ncrsl- mifrepresv-Dtatioij, both! as to j sequence, that whatever is pi edicated
■-■the character of your chip'L ahd the 'on falsehood, must lead to false con-
coarse pursued towards him. Ti"Ut!i,j elusions. It was material, nay it was

and not calumny,, is. the weapon
^-with which he has bpcj) ja^llgd, |. He

,,^ta.id3 before the natioji.jj.o^t a^ 3 ,,caj- .flirst of November., k was on th

s.](umniattid man, . bat p. . ipan ^Ho.. hjJfi

indispensible to your case, that. Burr
should be held unsuspected, up to the

'9q^<^^t|iiat:. month. Gen. Jack,sop fccei\

pjocklessly calumniated othero^i; J''fhe:,ed .fi'ori/ him 5po0, dolls, to expend in
TjIiigKand the low^ the Jiving. and the ! furthering hj's..cxpe(Jition. The re-
„4.e^l: lieury Clay and Jolm Harris,] ceipt of iJiis siim from a susjicrteil

.JwVft alike been the victims of his un- j traitor,'to he^inployed^accprding to hi-;

juat aud lUifounded accusations. You, , insf luclions, and t<^ further his plans.,
j.j?ir, know this,; ajid Jtuowing it, haveicouiJ not be^' lfinorcnt,Vacf. .This.
, not been ashamed to pufyotir name to sir, you knew and felt". ., That, the
..liia^eulo^y, and to an attiick upon the , inoney wa- received, and rei.civcd to

.integrity of otlieirs,

be so employed, was too fnlly proved

The eecond paragraph contains cer- to be denied: and truth admitted of no

''tain premises unsupported by ovidencc, ' escnpe, from the conclusion, that (Jicrc

find one most paTpahly violative »f;was a guilty co-operation. Hiencc,

truth. It is t!iis: '• r,^<i/n<o.i/<f;>w«i/i' falsehood is resorted to, in assuming

^p/ JCovtmber, 1 606, H'oift<>^7'^e .siis- 1 premises, and (hat is as'serfcd ns fact,

jjiKMptrkwi uf (rersoiiy or^.q.7),ij\' project wt-| which has. ho foundaUpn in truth. —

/rkiidlti to the peace or, iategrity of //i<*Su.>picion did exist .on ll;c,3d of No-

rJJniied Slates, had any. etisU^nc'e in tJoi\ vemher. It riot only existed, hut had

I'.coioitri/.^'' That this rtsacrtion is not | been proclaimed loudly and distinctly,

^f&uhded in truth, is susceptible of the, twenty dajs be.'brc this money was re->

y-cloarest proof, and that too, by testi- ceived, and its expenditure commcnc-

,^tfK)uy that cannot err. The Westehn

\Sfv, of October 14, 1806, printed at

J Cincinnati, contains an article, frorn

which the iollowing is ah eitraqt; , .

.'. ' « Fellow-Citizens :— That there is a
..plan in embryo to dissolve the sacred
^c6mprtct of our Union, is. no longer a
secret: the principals and their emisa-
ciea h<ive thought the moment to be ar-
jtived when they may safely declare

ed. Gen. Jackson could not have
been unapprised of this suspicion. It
was not of a character to remain con-
cealed from him, nor vras he a man
likely, to remain unacquainted with it.
But it is useless fo enlarge upon (hi.s
point. It i.s enough, that you fcit the
necessity of basing your vindication
upon falfcliood ; and the proof that yoil
did so, is incontrovertible.

Ip this second paragraph of the

^'tbeir nefarious and vill.unous inten- vindication, there is' another misrcprc-

_-tiof», wl>cn they may souiid the alarm,] sentation, I might well say falsehood,

t^nd speciously deceive you to rally 1 of a donble aspect, that indicates the

i rott))d their rebelUous standard." Upicit of the whole article. It js a?-

. . • , jsr.rted, thatGen. Ji.ckson, wliilst iri the

Hfre i3an'inequivotal.refutaiion QfiScnaic of the. United .State?, ni ,1797,

your assertion, '-thaf up to the moiith [ became well acquainted with Burr:

of November, nothing Ukc suspicion j that tlien»_§nd Iqpg aOiSr^.Burr . stood

had any existenre in this countns"— 'hish in the estima'tion of tl^^ Repub-

■■ '-; - •- - - ~z-=rP:sfi

anyit attention lo its iotcrc;:ts. rrom.thcn, j'^-liTy yonrsclf, m « m.uji oi
^rs gti^^rnph, ever}" rondtr voiiUl jl)onor, fci lonlliiig vour iramo to palm
.'nfer, fliat Burr was a mcmbev of the tl)ciuas triilh* upon tlif puMit?
Senate, or at least a iin'mljcr of ("on-
!»Te8Af When Jarkson served in tlf;i(
hod}'. Bill the fact ig nbtsa, anuToii,
fir,; knew it. ;Mt. Liuvrencc an/T Mr.
f lobart were Senators from Netv York',
tlui - 9C«sio;i that (jen. Jark-on served
ift the Senate. Burr wa> not a mcrn-
hcr of Coiigro^, on the contmr}-, be
^Cas a mnnibcr of the New York legis-
fatbre, and no opportnnitj was afford-
ed, to Gen. .fncksoQ to become well ac-
(fnainted witfi hitn. The asSertiori.
thtU General Jnrkson berame -jvcll ar-

Tlif l^tlqr to ypur^tlf, which you
have 9d<:iHted to e.xpluin (ien. Jack"-'
Mia's c^dact, is c<r(Hiitl^ J^ amueiop
document. In the/irst places with all the
rorrectioiis which you know you have
bestowed »ipon it, it; i* u rate piece ol
(ompO'Hlion, That we will let pass,
and only regard it a§.n dor umcnt of ex-
cu!p3tcr};^cvidc»ce, No men of ordi-
nary enpscliy can peruse it, without.
discoverinK t'"5 pc/liey snd drift of thr
writer. ■ A lady who had as30ciote<l
with a notorious rake, until her cotr-
quauited with UniT when a Sfenalor in.jJuct bad becorjic tb« subject cf.-cc-
OoB^ess. is nvido for t\\c yiurpbsc of i mark, who. /■■n^o. that she wps suspott-
afjcotuitiiigfor thfeir intimacr in ICOo; cd,and '.vho^(/ Uiat there weref^cL*
and it is :nofti^«p. There ?:in be htitfto support stifpicion, which thf world
oflBopinion upon ithis-hiend, ] rJ id 7iul knon; hi\i probahly might come

n Again: — Barr, it i>' state!, Y/'m. lakm.v — and who was moreoveri salif-
'■t?97-S.) and lonpnHer, stood hif;h in fied that she had boe;i deceived, rnighf
'be i'Jtimation of the Rep'ibiiran par- well be suppo.-cd to tell just such o
t Ji* . This is true, but it i= a tnith =o *torv. Let us sujipose htir writing a
fitted as to deceive the reader. In iatter to her confidential friend* coti- •
1-900^ Burr -was the Republican randi'|.''cio'.u. guf}(. and apprehension of. Ue-
ilatc for Vice President. lie Ki-itection, both preying updii her mind-
nis^aed for the Presidency agfsirist M]-. [Would n()t die foliowing, he very prob--
FeJfcrson. and iVoin that raoinenf. the abJ-y^J^uir janguagc !
Rcpilblican party ceased to conudc in
him. Ko man knows th); better than

yourself. He -wjir a eandidnti? for
<'«OTeTS:>i' ■nf thrj state of New Ynr*,,-,
in Mnr» 1 804. •nfra^in-^t Jlorgan Lewi?.
\\"U8 «oted for bv a kind 6f coatitioa —
Lewis rereivinff the Rejnildirnn volts.
He vrrxs defiented— foosht a duel wit^

FederaJists not to support him, nnfl
t-fcfm' the fatal issue of that duel, was
•??tcen-ied a desperate nrni.

The language yon have i;-od^ cpOr
ve}T the opinion, tliat in IBO.j.at]d JoOcli,
when Bnir v[<i;e.d tlig ^Vest, he re-
friifi^li hi=[ origlfiij st^indiiij; witb the
llej)ilWf«:^n piirty. You 'knew the
iS^f WuS othd^vise] Ypi. knew '

"j IjiavGjpo^ioulitibiiit from the paiOs
that hiive bepa taken to circulate re-'
portf, it will be ruoKHired that I have*
forfeited' myP'-'^ i''"Ti'^> ■ Tl'is I know
you will never believe, until you hear
it frorri nvypclf, or trom o source (hat
yon know caanot err. Should you

Hamilton, because of hisitdvife lo the] ever hetir my chastity impeached, be-
lieve it r.ot; Should you hear tlint I
had listened t9 licentious discouryes,
pnd been silent, i)elieve it not. or that
I would not put any;m.iii out of exist-,
cnce.wha wc'.ihl n;}.me sMch n thing to
tnc bcfori; inar|7a«e<. If B* . ''-"l nny
designs a^airjst my virtue, he Ig, the
i asc.-<t of al! hiiufKin beings- I will tell
tlKitjjOu why. lie always held .put the
l'he''¥{epubli(^ii!i party. Tiad di.-cardad idea qf i)i.uTia.50, except in cnse of

' ' ■" ■ •'■ * • ■ ■ - *' ' ' :«-n7. . Aliout the 10th of November,

Capt. — . called to see nie. lie

allied me .ibout B. and ri<liculed nil

Kimf'flvit hc'ha^ l^cen defeated in, his
attcVnpt to l)(i:>lcrted governor of New
Ydrk^ rind thnt he liiid not even been
re-iSen(ri5nnicd''for the o(&:e, of Yicc
PreFtdcnt. Wonld ybii, sir, as a pri-
'"afp" fTTill'Tmn. in a nriVate '■iir!i\

ral.

ideas of marriage on his p;»rt. I stecn-
ly asked him if be was intimate with
R ITe said lie bareVv knew him. &^

l^<i« Wi^'AJUPBKtli^ ESXi:

3#ir

i^er had any ronvcn^ation with !.im,|interpri^in<r yonng"m^,"'^wJ^Se
that related to uic. 1 as-k.-d him from'suilabie to «crvo fhc coantH" in il roH
vhom hi; got hiH intoi-mation of BV. test with Spain. Tlii^^ li^t, with th'p
opin.oiison mnrrin.^ci l'« replied from j aid oC Gon. Jackson, «r,s mdUg diit
^\. knoHing that N, nod E. wftvlarrd lonrarded. " ■ ■ ,mr

well acquainted it rashed into mv hi'nd,
that he might he a profe»spd rilfe, and
from the colopring he held in conv(-r-
sation with mo,and my flirtation? with
him, 1 viewed it as ha=e conduct to-
•nards me. I wrote B. in stronj? terms my
suspicicne of him, and until they were
cleared from ra\ mind, no further ?nh'-
nuKy was lo exist betM-ecn us. Not
}bng after, I received his answer, with

never

Were, Gen, GoflTec thrdwa inhis«ori
count also, of Burr's standirif,' in tho'
n estern country, "having latcl_y filled
the second office in tlie Government!^
Conscqut-ntlj, no idea could be enter'
tained that his measures were vrithout
its approbation. The tru(h, however,
IS, and it is well known botii to you &
to Gen. ,Co(Re, that Burr had not the

sacred pledges, that he had not, nor | S?"°'^'^"'^*-' °^ ^^^' J«fffcrson or of the
er had any dishonorable views!" I '^''^'^''°"'^"^- ^''7 he tad not, has

H'"^"'^>' '"'^" ^^P^«'"ed, not for your
In ^becnse supposed, does this para-| i!!^"™'"*''""' ''"' '•^•' t^at of the reader,
grapb wear even the semhlanre of i . '^'* '"cmnrk of Gen. Coffee, is grattN

j.jitous and<lecep(ive: You, sir, knew it

to he so. You posst;^sed too fully the

confidence of Mr. JqlTerson, to be uu-

, informed of tlie estimation in which

,.) Burr was held by him. Yoa were too'

I fully acquainted witli the sentiments of

^jthe country, not to know that Burr did

not possess the confidence of the K<v

publican party, at any moment aOcr

Mr. Jefferson was elected President.

After the transactions already nar-
rated, Burr transmitted, at different
times, through Gen. Jackson, to Gen.,i
^j Cotrec. four thousand dollars, to be exH
I pended in boats and provisions. Sab-'
scquently, snspicions arose of BurrV
intentions and the GeneraPs agency

conscious virtue? Wherein does von,
excBlpatory epistle put a better "face
upon the case of the writer. Why. sir,
it is n mere mocker? of common sense
to nddncc this letter as an evidence o
innocence. An honorable, an unsus-
pected patriot, surmise suspicion o.
treason against himself, atid volunteer,
a mumbling and crippled apology, a
more than half confession that he is'ob-
rwxiousto the charge!! It must, in-
deed be a desperate condition where
this is the best resort.

I pass by the letters to Smith anu
Dickson, because I can see nothing in

them that bears upon the subject.

Isolated extracts only are given

Ihesecnnnot be correeily undcrslood, '^^^^^'^^ except to discharge the coii-
nnless in connptior. vrUh tu^ ™i,~i_ tracts on hand. The account was set* .

unless in connexion with the whole
>etters. ■?: ^i.-„r- .•.•

^'ext, the testimony of Gen. CoflTee
and of Mr. Ward is introduced as "cow-
pletely expianahry of aU thf ciraim-
■<tances." This, sir, is the round asser-
tion of tho CiMumittee; but in my
opinion, it leaves much unexplained.
The facts narrated by Gen. CofiTecare
in brief to this eflbct: Burr visited
Tennessee-, and Gen. Jackson, in 1 805.
spoke of a settlement on the Washita
river,andofa rupture between the U.

tied, and the money not expended re-
turned to Burr.

This explanation, sir, is far too gei>-
eral to be satisfact«ry. Gen. Coffee
tells us, the particulars detailed, were
founded upon papers written ut the
time, and in his own hand writing.
Dates then must have been in his pow- ..
er. Why not give them? At what-?
date was the mmicv received ? Whei^'-
were contracts first made for buildinc'-!
boats? When djd tho Agency cease^

St,.tesnnd Spain, and m^de^^impre; The Lr i '' .'\' T""'' "^'^'

sion that, in "that event, he wouMhavc ^orirl , i'T ""^'t ^^^^"'^'^r,^-
the command of an expedition \<.aTnstbn^v^'^ "O" d h?v'r etcitcd, (Might to ,
Mexico. After this he wZTeHe ''.nbl.H'e". ''^- 7^^3--ouId have ^
to Gen. Jacksoti, and Gen. RobS, i B nt L. c'^' %"i "^ i!"^^'' wJicthe,; .-,
r..Ue.ing th.m to =end him ^^^^f iSm^re^rS^tr?;:^;^^ ^S '

•ftf'fc.'fr. CAjll^Jx,itici'

iam

**«»pidon tfis spJ^r'.^l^ abroad against
■•Mfhen » witnc^ft,— '%Jien a friendly

fear that he, mighl be iloceivtdi pr <»♦
creed into gum? Wluit »Ould tlie
world sajr of oi\e,ir ho should (KuQCicd
vitDP^*, gFves tt parte te^tmiony, and ! jour.p feroulc to t^c direLliob aiid aoci-
mbftiiuto hi- own goiienl aBstriioiiijcty of a svi-jxcted j.>roctjrt^, KJilLia-
ft»r fir jiar'icnlar detail-, upon wliich |ctruc'uon<! 'o Uazt it» EVjuld sJicilu^
iidi d, ihv I'^sliiuoiiy i< ly iid-flfiri i Brwtlx:!' ti"ttu.i. Ct'S*€

Gei.. Jurk-

raj 1^

tfter nre foundid, ihv l<^slinjoiiy i< ly iicr-flfin
W received with great caulion. ' Vog •'., inbiF.:

W*H itno«v. -ijr, that in ordinary ca^ts, »>.. - ,, ..Ju'l 1,0
H"i« entitled to With weight. Would quail) rcprehvuslble.
thetc dcui!!-- have forti&cd and confirm- '< , Ttc account gitcn j.l iLe cool nr
etf- the general slatement of Gtu. 'ccRfio!.:of Burr, at Naahvlllt, in Dc
Coffee, they ought to have been given; ' cembce, I 80C, i« at variaur.e w'uh the
I h^^e no doubt tliey would have be<,u ; fac^establishedbyctlier proof, that he
^T«n. The omission to give th«^j, ' was iuvij,ed lJO-a,J>al], nt.Hua.tUnt- Diul
ttnrrants the inference thit they would ihtcodmJedby.Geii^Jacjtson. . Aijdthj*-
conflict witli hih own coHclusions. The ' fact vouhuie ii^lheraUeini('.edto ctja-
HHden.ce derived from other soorcci). iroverf or lo e^plair.. Jlr. JV^^ ^>
ossijrt! OS this nfKiiicy was received in ' introduced :o rcpcr-t, the hearty -of
7*<'y<ii\\irT and December. Genesa) Overton. '^, So saunas rummrcuftjuItiLai
CoflFee may persuade hims'lf— you .uid 'coicilry, that Burr tjud p-casof<a3>le dt'
y*ar' coiifoieratcj may persUade your, signs agaiust the Govcrtunent,''^jack-.
pfirtiir^Df;, ttiat Burr was not then sus- son and Ovcrtou waU^d upon Biirriit
pected; but notorious factsare against Clover Bottom, informed i'tm olthertl.
you, and independBDt men could not mnr and rcquiiedhim tD.^tatobiis views.
edncUrwith )ou. This vou well knew, He protested upon the honor of a geu-
rrnd, therefore, Gen. Coftee omitted Ihe tloman they wirre not inimical to Xbc
parliculam wLirh every sear<her allcr Govrrnme'it, and shnwed a v.oiiuuiaalou
trtlh would call for, a* IndispcnFible in hkink with Mr. Jeflerton't signature
tp the formation of i correct jiwlg- ; to It- Let me assure you. Sir, Aat this
ment. ' .lis a very awkward piece of lestimouy,

Ge;T. CofTee pro<-ced,s *o state," that If was a jfreat cni'sinht, in nble couii-
whcn Burr came to Tennessee in De- sel like youn-elf, lo introduce it. Burr
cumber, t.30^>, lus last vi-it to that it seems, was at tlie Clover Bottom
place, he lodged at a lavom at (he Clo- ] when the first rwivr caac. It did not
vcr Bottom, and 'waH cooly rei eived. precede, it followed him to Tennessee,
That he was visited liy Jackson and in December, 1806. There is wave
Orcrton, arid infoniied of the snspi- discrepancy between ttu*as.ertiQn, and
ciors attached to his movements. Burr your fourth established projwiitjon,
protested that he contemj)Iated nothing that suspicion had been alltiifi'i, by the
illegal or hostile to the Governmenf, last proce^diogs in K.<inUici.y. Tuat
andsoo'i after lefl the country. Young ' which Had dq existence could. r,ot,.WfU
Mr. HnvR, a relative of Mi-s. Jackcon, be r.llni^rd., Edt^iii pa you assert, t]»
and a kind of protogee of the General, Ipli^iori was allajed^if '!:ib aooa'.aa f^
:ictx)mpanicd him, \»ith instructions new-: d rumor rcu<iliedTeiin.erBee,JsM:t-
f>on> ttie General to leavt; Burr should son and Overton vi^itedBurr. at Clc^
he discover lii>- designs to be illegal!!' !ver Bottom, to demiutd cxpUiiiafioaBj

The l»ttt>r part of this shitoment dis- 1 why was he " f iicf foa//y,7 m>'*" ki»-first
akMrn a ver; extraoniinary and unttat- j arrival, by his forpior. friends? Ax-
Onil proceeding. Gen. .Inrk^OTi en- 1 cording to the testi^on* of Ward a'lid
tnstf'a' yoons relative to the protfec- ■ youi fourth position, there coold be no
ttw> and guidance of n suspected irai- reason for this " roo/m^." SuspifkMia
lOf, relying, for hix vafrt\, upon in ad- were allayed, and rumor silr:iced. ft
B»f>itio'i t> h-nve him '*!'oh his (reason is somcwlint unforiunatr tr..'.t the- gto-
<4lRttlii k>e ns^vrtained. ' 'Was there no riesoftwo witnesses, ^o-'/ii/ and d<>
tKwr tliut,in iUfhhnndi^thc yrtungwan ati'ir," shojild stand ii< direct coutwt-
mufht K^ rnrrnpK^l? Wi«; there tin dlirtion.upnn an important point'.

TO G. V. CAJIirUEIX, ESQ.

3M

TTiiV tf^tinicny of Ward Is iu ih- 1 (er suspicious of Burr and his conlcd-
ctcparirV'^^.'" another pitrire'Of your crates were generally entertained, no
(^WdtfecT t/)o^ jt it'agsirf, Sir,.aiid j imiiroj)riety could attach to the Imn-
■JoflfHf find'ft'c^p^lile of^iJt'oric in-|giiage uttribiited to Gen. Jackton.--.
ft^cftttioni- '-'So* sooil aii VWr/ifir.'ramo
JHcfcvoh ahFf>v'ert<*ii'ian«'5 'Jpoa Bu- r',
staled the rOtrjir. i^n^rVquiredeti-lan-
aWt)ns. \yt rhu ^as new and frCih.
The insrtntifnttuhc orpatri-lr feeling

ttpon the fif*t -cuggcftion of •louht— 1
repeat it: this 13 the seii^ > .-i which
Vr.wA mnjt h} a:<d&r«tood. Now, my
good Sir, Took at Jacksoirs leller to
y<iij.-<tclf. Captcui . Why nbt

The declaraliort that many, -vcn mcm-
bec» of Conjjri'sai, lnoLed to. a ditaolo-
fion of the Union, w.ts I; a; a oaiaii^
sentiment, rculiing from the accas^
fioti? .-i^aDst those, alleged to >)c ai^
ciated with Burr. It were much n>orD
likely t'lal an hoi;est man should ml^
t;;ke the time, than that he sliould t»bf
ricotf! the whole coiiversation. X^9
one m(ig-/(< be iniioceut, the other »b«s*
be criminal. It secme to rnc, 'hai pt^
jadice cannot mistake this argumei^tt}
that eopliistry cannot elude its foic*»

If your position be correct— :-if Oefk
Jackson gave roontcaanceto Barr-ir
if he liatened to his suggesliouj — iflje
officiated as his agent, in fariiiiliirig- a
list of names, ar.d in making jurcha^^
with an unauest.ionable int'^grity -cj
puiposc, and with a full j;er,5uafioji(
etatiematjt'ofWr.rd. It would require that the GQveinmcnt approved bii
sothc legal skill to rc^roncile them.

Yoa a^c at length brought to the
^teiner:- of Jo'lge VV'ilTiamo, and gr^at

paiiis are taken to demonstrate that his j think, he impossible to mintake it. Iji<i
ipcmon.- at least) cannot be reiied up- ilacguage wonld have been this : „'»jt <k)!
cm. There is ao tire jmslaace attend- 1 not recollect the facta that iudge W.u«
in^ this transaction fridrfe'^uspicious jliairre states, As to fhc commi5aj>Df
than the attack upon th*'verac;t\ off doubt not I fcommended ••it. .,^ j^
Williams, You Ijaveadrtiitted, youjthou^'it BurrV plan? were legal; ui)-
htn e proved, that Gen. Jackson ' orrcs- ; der ihat impre?sioii 1 gave hitn coutk^
ponded witti Burr, !.'d Ihaf he furnish Itf nance and nssistance. I recollocfi
ctf him a list of the nimcs of joi^ng'sending himai(stofi,3me.?^wi!h.a viftfr
jli'rn^ fit tc be employed iri an cxpcdi- j to the parties'being cngjagad by tiia*
tioh a^jainst IklcS'eo. This yoU insist j Quite likely Mr. Williams wri« amongst,
^as al! done in the simplicity of isno-jthem, utid that I epoke toi.in? ahout.it^

give UI the real nam- * Capt.

filled ypoii Jackson about tl:c 10th of
Novcrtiber. Prom his conversation
SOBpicioo'* rujAfrf like lightning'''' into
fTie'wfthd ofOen. Jack?on against Burr.
*rbis'«usptcicn was conveyed to Barr
"& tpyng trrrm"^ by letter, and a writ-
Icti atigwer was received with stro;ig
pl«3gC8. This previous saspicion and
etplarrtixtion is at variance with the

movements; what would have Iieen-i^,
conduct, upon hearing ji the stat.emcr,js
made bv Willinms? It wou^d,! shou^

ccncjC. Whilst the impressio-'S pre-
vailed, under Avhich this list was fur-
niih«d, where is the impi-obabllity that
Getii JncksoD shr-ntd suggest to Mr.
Wil^Ams tliat he. iiiigfei ad\aucc him-
enflj h^^' t.a1clrig - a- 'co^rimi'ssion under
Borr'r? ' Whft-e'rfic criminality of ma-
^Tig -such sigitesfibn? Beyond all
doabt it were a^ innocent to male the
soggebtion to H'lUiams. as it v,a? to fur-
tdsh the list to Burr.
■ Agare. If wpre very easy, innoci-nt-
ly to mike a nistake as to time. Sup-
jfe;e -(he recollection of Judge Wii-
liaiT' to be incorrect, ns to the time of
ttie conversation, in presence of judfo
t?^!??! J ftr^'tD ^r^tlvf to'ot; pla'""e , a-f-

As to ttie couveryatioii about dissolvip^
the Union, and n new Govenimcilt ia
the West, it »)o doubt took place. Batr
he is mistaken, as to tl'.e time. I ncveiv
thought of !-iu,h a thing ur.til Burrs
projects were developed.. I tpialie
freely of ituftcrwardsi.'' • '. i

This language, sir, woold hate J'tca
i:i perfect accoidance^ with thj; jfects
you admit, and the grounds, upoi^
which you vindicate tLem. But tbh
was rjot the course pui^urd by .Qen;
J.Tcksos. TJ.at whicH t^ did puriue^
is not compatible v^ith ibe defenr? vcu
>et up i'oT him, is in i;xt, iudicatrvc
of co;iscipus criminal iiy, Geti. J:^*
son proxiou»2es fbc tngifest'cr*. ora.^

nt i.. w. cASiPHKu., am.

eortiol^ that he hud offtTed Mr. Wil-i kiiowledgod, and q purt of it ii con-
liano* Q commission in Burr's st-rvicL,! ceaicd. The first principle of evidence
n groM i'aiiJinr.v. He well iincw that applies: — He who offei^i tccoodarv
lie li.id Tarnished Burr a hst o{ iwmes proof, when that of the fir>t order isiu
li>r o(fic',-ni for two rcgimcnis, from his possession. coiife^-*es tlnit he is ft*
Coloiieli< down to ensij^iis. Surciv, if fraid to produce it. and cannot be u^
it were innocent to corre^pond with i lowed to use anj other.
Burr, atid name to him individual* /or| There remains yet one topic to whicb
officers, it would not be criminal to in- I must call \our uttcntiou. You arc
form an individual tliut a romniission tliorou^tilv acquainted with Gfn. Jack-
was in bis poiver, and recommend him Kon, and liilly apprised of hii illiterucv,
lo take it. Why then, bhould General and utter incompetence to v»rite v»"itb
Jackson denounce the assertion of detent correctness upon an) subjctt-
AVilliains u cnlunuiy? There can be Vou know that he is no jurist, no states-
but one answer. Either he was con- i man, no politician; that he is destitute
t^cious of guilt, or conscious th.nt his of historical, political, or statistical
owncot duct had been so equivocal, as knowledge: that he is unacquainted
to fairly subiect him to the imputation with the orthography, concord, ami
of guilt. He wiilud, tor one of these government of his own language. You
reasons, to silence cnqniry, and there-know that he i? a man of no labour, do
ibrc took such ground, ni he trusted, patience, no investigation, in short, that,
would intimidate Williams into a re- his whole recommendation is oninwl
traction. If any other r.itional exposi- fierceness and organic cnorgy. He is
tjon can he f^iven. I sliall he ready to' wholly unqoalified by education, habi'
hear it. It is this denial, this denunci- : and temper, for the station of Pirsident.
.ition that most strongly attiiches sus-; All this you know, and you know too,
picion to Gen. rHtkson. Ftlany acts i that were the people possessed of your
ribslractly considered are innocent, or^ knowledge of hira, his pretensions
indifferent. Guilt can only be attach- vrouid he laughed to scorn, hclJ in ab-
<^, by the circumstances under which solute contempt and derision. Do you
they were commiited, or from tliecon-jnot practise an imposition upon the
dutlof the parly when accused. De-. country, by rounteniincing prctcniions
ninl and concealment, arc ever regard- 'so unlbundcd, against your better
cd us chnptctcristic of crime. In re- knowledge? Let the application bi-
sect to the facts slated by judge Wil- made to a case in private life. Would
liams, such 1ms been the course of you address to your friend a written rc-
(Jcncral Jack'on. He has denied commeiidatioi. to receive into his futui-
vjnd denounced thim, though rest- ly as the teacher of his ihild re n a man
:ng upon the testimony of a witness, whom yon knew lobe rash, violent teni-
Ibrtified by the pregnant probability peied and illiterate, totally incapable
arising out of his own admissions. — 1 of (caching to advantage? You ain-
'J'his exposition cannot be further j not but feel the mere suggestion us un
pursued, though many points of im-i insult lo your honor. Is it not evcu
portancc remain untouched. 1 more dishonornblc to unde^^vri(•:^ ai;

Upon what principle, >ir. do you jimpo>-ition tjpon your countrv?
hold yourself justified, in iittemfiting to i
]>ass upon the public, extracts froiui
uocaments, and glozings of their con!
tents, for satisfactory proofs? Suspi-i
cion must evci :iltach tojuch acourse. •
Von have, a letter from the conspirator'
Ijurr. Do we not know that its whole it

68

-=^y^

<;Ol . SIIKLBV 4- GtX. JAi

Gcii. Jamci Slielb)-, a bod of tli^^e Crui .
; Shelby, lias uj.pliod to Gen. Jucksou to give liit
contents would be published, wcrej^g„,j„t thai certain inJiridunU ocquainto:
they favourable to your aruumcnt?— (^.jn, ^.^ lacis oounoctod with tLe CMckasa*-
Sir. we cnnnot (CCCive your garbled | treaty, thnuWrtlatc all tliey know rr.pecting;-..
pfoois us cvideuce of any thinj» but Igmi. Jackson bai rcfmeJ:— Vet lie Eceks ^^
gailt. The correspondence is ac- couccaliccui.

>0 U

in*

5aRV of CONbKtSS

0 011895 457 9 ^

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